CN1711721A - 可寻址插座以及使用该插座的网络 - Google Patents

可寻址插座以及使用该插座的网络 Download PDF

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CN1711721A
CN1711721A CN200380103241.9A CN200380103241A CN1711721A CN 1711721 A CN1711721 A CN 1711721A CN 200380103241 A CN200380103241 A CN 200380103241A CN 1711721 A CN1711721 A CN 1711721A
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wiring
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CN100508488C (zh
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耶胡达·宾德
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Examine Vincent Zhi Cai management company
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/44—Star or tree networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2803—Home automation networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
    • H04L41/0677—Localisation of faults
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2803—Home automation networks
    • H04L12/2816—Controlling appliance services of a home automation network by calling their functionalities
    • H04L12/2818—Controlling appliance services of a home automation network by calling their functionalities from a device located outside both the home and the home network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2803—Home automation networks
    • H04L12/2823—Reporting information sensed by appliance or service execution status of appliance services in a home automation network
    • H04L12/2827—Reporting to a device within the home network; wherein the reception of the information reported automatically triggers the execution of a home appliance functionality
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2803—Home automation networks
    • H04L2012/284—Home automation networks characterised by the type of medium used
    • H04L2012/2843—Mains power line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2803—Home automation networks
    • H04L2012/284—Home automation networks characterised by the type of medium used
    • H04L2012/2845—Telephone line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2101/00—Indexing scheme associated with group H04L61/00
    • H04L2101/60—Types of network addresses
    • H04L2101/618—Details of network addresses
    • H04L2101/622—Layer-2 addresses, e.g. medium access control [MAC] addresses

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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Abstract

一种可寻址插座，它被用作了局域网的一部分，其中所述局域网是以安装在建筑物中的布线为基础的，这些布线可以是电话、电力、有线电视、专用布线等等。除了这种布线的基本用途之外，将这种布线用于数据通信网络将会需要用于远程确定网络状态并监视该信息的方法。网络状态包括如下因素，例如布线连续性、连接器状态、相连的设备、拓扑结构、信号延迟、等待时间以及路由模式。通过在插座内部提供基本的处理和寻址能力，可以允许消息进出指定的个体插座，由此允许查询和报告各个插座的即时环境状况。此外，可以为插座配备传感器，以便报告电压、温度以及其他可测量的量。

Description

可寻址插座以及使用该插座的网络
技术领域
本发明涉及的是使用插座的有线局域网(LAN)的领域，尤其是在此类网络中使用的可寻址插座。
背景技术
插座
在这里，术语“插座”表示的是一种有助于简单快速地将外部设备与建筑物内部安装的布线连接或断开的机电设备。插座与布线通常具有固定连接，它允许根据需要而以简单的方式连接外部设备，其中所述连接通常是借助面板中集成的连接器来完成的。插座通常以机械方式附着或固定在墙壁上。常见插座的非限定性示例包括：用于连接电话和相关设备的电话插座；用于连接电视、VCR等设备的CATV插座；以及用于连接电器设备的电源插座。在这里，术语“墙壁”表示建筑物的任何内表面或外表面，除了垂直的墙壁之外，它还包括但不局限于天花板和地板。
局域网环境
图1示出了典型的现有技术局域网环境10。这种网络通常使用了10BaseT或100BaseTX Ethernet IEEE802.3接口和拓扑结构，其特征是使用一个集线器11作为与所有设备相连的集中设备。多个设备经由分别收容在网络插座15a、15b和15c内部的数据连接器14a、14b和14c而与集线器11相连。与集线器11之间的连接分别通过电缆13a、13b和13c进行。举例来说，数据连接器14a、14b和14c可以是RJ-45连接器；并且举例来说，电缆13a、13b和13c可以是5类线。网络10的数据部分使用了数据单元(可以是计算机)7a、7b和7c，它们分别经由电缆16a、16b和16c连接到网络连接器14a、14b和14c。此外，服务器12还可以与集线器11相连，并且可以执行外部连接功能以及本领域中应用的其他服务器功能。
虽然图1引用了集线器11作为集中设备，但是应该理解，在这里可以使用任何一种具有多个网络接口并且支持恰当连接的设备，该设备的非限定性示例包括共享集线器、交换机(交换集线器)、路由器和网关。因此，这里的术语“集线器”表示的是没有任何限制的此类设备。此外，网络10可以是任何一种基于分组的固定或分布网络，例如LAN或因特网。
图1所示的网络拓扑10存在多种维护困难。例如，从集线器11到数据单元7a的布线包括线路13a、连接器14a以及线路16a。由于这些导体是连续的，因此没有一种简单的方法能在线路13a的断路或短路、线路16a的断路和短路以及连接器14a内部的断路或短路之间进行区分。对这种故障所进行的故障查找需要断开电缆并插入专用测试设备，或者对这些功能已知的组件进行费心和全面的替换。这个过程非常复杂，其劳动强度很大，耗费时间并且成本很高。另外，在插座没有与数据单元相连的一般情况下，没有一种简单方法能对集线器到插座的布线连续性进行测试。而且，在很多情况下，有必要从远程位置(例如经由因特网)测试LAN，在这些情况下，无法将测试设备附着在无连接的插座上。
关于网络管理的论述以及网络管理系统实例都是Dev等人发明的美国专利5,812,750的一部分。
家庭网络
大多数现有办公室和某些新建建筑物都为网络10的网络结构提供了便利。然而，一般来说，要在现有建筑物中实施这种网络，这将需要安装新的布线基础设施。这种全新布线的安装有可能是不切实际的，其成本将会很高并且将会引发争议。因此，目前提出了多种技术(称为“不添线(no new wires)”技术)，以便在不添加新布线的情况下为建筑物中的LAN提供便利。其中某些技术使用了用于其他目的(例如电话、电力、有线电视等等)的现有布线。这种做法提供了如下优点，那就是可以安装此类系统和网络，而不需要在建筑物内部安装单独布线所需要的通常是相当大的额外费用。为了方便对建筑物内部的布线的多用途使用，有时会安装那些允许接入所述布线、以便用于多种目的的专用插座。在Cohen等人发明并于2002年8月22日公开的名为“Cableran Networkingover Coaxial Cables”的专利文献WO 02/065229中描述了通过使用插座而在同轴电缆上进行家庭联网的实例。
要将这种布线用于附加目的，则需要易于确定布线状况并且在远程获取该信息的方法。
以下将使用现有电话线的家庭联网作为实例进行描述。
定义和背景
在这里，术语“电话服务(telephone)”通常表示的是包括模拟和数字服务在内的任何类型的电话服务，例如综合服务数字网(ISDN)。
模拟电话服务即为通常所说的“普通老式电话业务”(“POTS”)，它已经存在了一百年以上，并且为音频频谱中的3～4KHz部分(或“频带”)的语音信号传输和交换进行了良好的设计和策划。常见的POTS网络支持实时、低等待时间、高可靠性以及中等保真度的语音电话服务，并且能在各自使用一台模拟电话机的两个端点之间建立会话。
在本文中，术语“电话”、“电话机”和“电话设备”表示的是能连接到公共交换电话网(“PSTN”)的不受限制的任何设备，其中包含了用于模拟和数字电话服务的设备，所述设备的非限定性实例包括模拟电话、数字电话、传真(“fax”)机、自动电话应答机、语音调制解调器以及数据调制解调器。
本文使用的术语“数据单元”、“计算机”和“个人计算机”(“PC”)包含了具有用于与局域网连接的接口的工作站以及其他数据终端设备(DTE)。
家中的电话服务通常使用了两条或四条线，电话经由电话插座而与之相连。
通过电话线的家庭联网
图2示出了现有技术中的电话系统的布线结构，其中包括用于住宅或其他建筑物的网络20，该网络是用电话线5来布线的，电话线5具有与接线盒34相连的单个线对，接线盒进而经由电缆33(“本地环路”)连接到公用交换电话网(PSTN)39，由此终接于公共交换机32中，该交换机建立并使能从一个电话到另一个电话的电话服务。在这里，术语“高频”表示的是任何一个远高于这种模拟电话音频的频率，例如用于数据的频率。ISDN通常使用的是不超过100KHz(通常，能量集中在40KHz周围)的频率。在这里，术语“电话线”表示的是导电线路，它主要用于传送和分发模拟电话服务信号，其中包括但不局限于那些可以预先存在于建筑物内部并且在当前可以提供模拟电话服务的导电线路。
接线盒34将家中的电路与PSTN分隔开来，并且所述接线盒被用作测试设备，以便进行故障查找以及家中的新的布线操作。多个电话可以经由多个电话插座连接到电话线5。每一个插座都具有连接器(通常称为“插口”)，在北美，所述连接器通常采用的是RJ-11连接器的形式。每一个插座可以经由插入到插口中的相容“插头”连接器而与电话单元相连。
布线5通常基于串行或“菊花链式”的拓扑结构，其中该布线以线性方式从一个插座连接到下一个插座；但是在这里也可以使用其他拓扑，例如星形、树形或任何一种任意的拓扑结构。然而，无论拓扑结构怎样，住宅内部的电话布线系统始终使用的是有线介质：即终接于一个或多个插座的两条或四条铜线，其中所述插座为这些线路提供了直接接入，由此与电话设备相连。
一般来说，较为理想的是将现有电话布线同时用于电话服务和数据联网。这样一来，由于不需要安装附加布线，因此可以使在家中或其他建筑物中建立新局域网简单化。
在本领域中，频域/分复用(FDM)的概念是众所周知的，它提供了用于将线路所传送的带宽划分成能够传送模拟电话服务信号的低频频带和能够传送数据通信或其他信号的高频频带的方法。例如，在Reichert等人的美国专利4,785,448(下文中将其称为“Reichert”)中描述了这种机制。同样得到广泛应用的还包括xDSL系统，其中广泛使用的是非对称数字用户环路(ADSL)系统。
在本领域中，相关的现有技术实例有授予Foley的WO99/12330的HomePNA(家庭电话网络联盟)以及授予Dichter的美国专利5,896,443(在下文中将其称为“Dichter”)中公开而公知的技术。Dichter等人提出了一种将频域/分复用(FDM)技术应用于住宅电话布线、由此允许同时传送电话服务和数据通信信号的方法和设备。布线上的可用带宽被分成了能够传送模拟电话服务信号的低频频带和能够传送数据通信信号的高频频带。在这种机制中，电话服务并未受到影响，而在家中的现有电话布线上提供了数据通信能力。
除了描述住宅电话系统之外，图2还显示了服务于模拟电话并提供数据单元局域网的Dichter网络布局。数据终端设备(DTE)单元7a、7b、7c和7d分别经由数据通信设备(DCE)单元25a、25b、25c和25d连接到局域网。数据通信设备的实例包括但不局限于调制解调器、线路驱动器(line driver)、线路接收机以及收发信机(在这里，术语“收发信机”表示发射机和接收机的组合)，其中所述数据通信设备允许在电话线5的高频频谱上执行数据通信。DCE单元(电话线调制解调器)25a、25b、25c以及25d分别连接到高通滤波器(HPF)24a、24b、24c以及24d，这些滤波器允许接入电话线5传送的高频频带。为了避免电话对数据网络产生干扰，在这里还添加了低通滤波器(LPF)23a、23b、23c和23d，以便隔离POTS传送频带，由此，电话26a、26b、26c和26d都与提供PSTN的电话线5相连。此外，低通滤波器还可以与接线盒34相连(图中并未显示)，以便滤去PSTN布线33所引起或是输入到PSTN布线33中的噪声。
WO 01/71980是在2001年9月27日以本发明人的名义公开的，该文献已经转让给了本申请人，其名称为“Telephone Outlet and System for aLocal Area Network Over Telephone Lines”，如图2所示，该文献描述的是将DCE 25、HPF 24和LPF 23这些组件集成到插座21中，以便降低复杂性。这样做将允许分别将电话设备6a、6b、6c和6d经由专用连接器(与现有技术中的常见电话插座的做法相同)直接连接到插座21a、21b、21c和21d，并且允许像在局域网系统通常实施的那样(如图1所示)将数据单元7a、7b、7c和7d简单直接地经由专用插口连接到相应插座。
图2所示的网络20的拓扑结构具有先前论述的维护困难。例如，从数据单元7a到数据单元7b的数据流将会经由布线16a、布线5b和布线16b，而且还经过了连接器，例如22a和22b。在具有连续数据流的情况下，没有一种简单的方法能够区分布线16a中的短路与布线16b的短路、布线5b的短路或是任何中间连接器的短路。同样，在这里无法以简单的方式或是从远程将布线的中断隔离到布线16a或布线16b。对上述任何一种故障所进行的故障查找只能通过反复试验来进行，并且需要断开电缆16a、16b、16c和16d，此外还要向插座中插入其他数据单元。然而，如果故障处于布线5c中，则有必要执行更多的故障查找，最终有可能还包括断开整个网络。如上所述，这是复杂、昂贵、高劳动强度和耗时的工作。此外，对常见的没有与数据单元相连的插座而言，没有一种简单的方法能够测试该插座的布线连续性。另外，如Bell的WO 99/03255所述，在很多情况下，需要从远端位置(例如经由因特网)测试LAN，并且也不会为附接测试设备而到现场接近断开的插座。
在1988年11月22日公开的名为“Data flow control arrangement forlocal area network”(Delaney等人)的US 4,787,082中公开了一种局域数据分布网络，在这个网络中，多条双向数据分布总线各自连接到总线终接端的总线主控电路。与各条数据分布总线相连的是多个能与智能连接器或站点相连的无源插座。每一个站点都具有唯一的地址，并用于将数据处理设备逐个耦合到总线上。总线终接集线交换功能与所包括的总线主控电路群组进行协作，以便使不同总线上的数据处理站点互联。总线终接集线器的功能包括总线监视、状态轮询以及维护功能。如果在监视间隔中发现故障，则断开有故障的总线。在修复故障之前，该总线将会一直保持断开。
JP 55132197A2是在1980年10月14日以Sharp公司的名义公开的，它的名称是“Unit Controlling Electric Equipment Making Use of HouseWiring”，该文献涉及的是对连接到住宅布线的电气设备进行控制。地址信息信号从传输控制器经由耦合单元发送到住宅布线。在接收端，接收控制器借助那些插入到住宅布线相应位置所提供的插槽中的耦合单元来接收地址信息信号。而应答信息则是从控制器中的一个集成的地址信息(incorporated address information)与所接收的地址信息相一致的控制器那里回送到传送端。在发射端，一旦接收到来自接收端的应答信息，则发送操作命令代码，以便控制电气设备。
以上这两份现有技术专利都使用的是无源插座，由此无法对插座所连接的布线中的故障以及连接到插座的布线/设备中的故障进行区分。
由此，目前公认的是需要具有一种允许远程诊断局域网环境插座的、而不需要在本地接入该网络并且不用拆除网络的方法和系统，这种方法和系统将是非常有优势的。本发明满足了这个目的。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是允许便利地判定建筑物内部安装的布线以及与之相连的插座和连接器的状态。
本发明的另一个目的是允许便利地判定与所安装的布线系统的不同插座相连的设备和仪器的状态。此外，本发明还有一个目的是允许在远程地执行这种判定。
为了实现这些目的，本发明提供了一种插座，该插座具有一个地址，这个地址在信息网络内部唯一标识所述插座，其中所述网络至少有一部分是通过与该插座相连的线路上建立的。与这个唯一网络地址相关联的是处理电路和能够保存并使用所述唯一网络地址的寻址单元，由此允许插座接收和发送与地址有关的信息。处理电路则与网络连接，以便支持这种消息传递，并且可以生成发送到网络上的其他设备的消息的内容，此外也可以接收和处理那些从其他设备发送到插座的消息。所述唯一网络地址与经由网络进行的消息发送和接收都是关联的。对消息的接收而言，所述唯一地址允许插座中的电路对打算发送到该插座的消息以及打算发送到其他设备的消息进行区分。对消息的发送而言，所述唯一地址将用于识别消息来源。由于地址与发送器和接收机都是关联的，因此处理电路可以通过从插座向其它设备发送消息来对从其他设备发送到插座的消息做出响应。
依照本发明的插座包括但不局限于电源插座、电话插座以及有线电视插座。
在这里，术语“信息网络”表示的是允许多个设备发送和接收任何类型信息的任何系统，在这个系统中，为了发送和接收信息，每一个设备都是唯一标识的。信息网络包括但不局限于数据网络、控制网络、电视网络以及电话网络。使用了依照本发明的插座的数据网络可以是局域网(LAN)，或是包括因特网在内的广域网的一部分。
因此，根据本发明，提供了与安装在建筑物内部的布线结合使用的插座，该插座具有至少一个在信息网络中唯一标识所述插座的地址。
附图说明
在这里将参考附图并通过非限定性的示例来对本发明进行描述，其中：
图1示出了现有技术中的局域网。
图2示出了通过电话线的现有技术局域网。
图3示出了依照本发明的局域网插座。
图4示出了依照本发明的局域网。
图5示出了通过依照本发明的电话线插座的局域网。
图6示出了依照本发明的电话插座前面板。
图7示出了通过依照本发明的电话线的局域网。
图8描述的是依照本发明的插座的常见形式，其中所述插座可以用在多种有线网络环境中，例如CATV和电力网络。
图9示出了依照本发明的远程管理的局域网。
具体实施方式
通过参照附图以及伴随的说明，可以理解依照本发明的网络的原理和操作。所述附图和说明仅仅是原理性的。在实际操作中，单个组件可以执行一个或多个功能；另选地，每一个功能也可以由多个组件和电路来执行。在附图和说明中，相同的参考标号表示的是不同实施例或结构所共有的组件。
图3示意性地示出了依照本发明第一实施例的插座30。如图3所示，插座30包括三端口集线器11。其中一个端口连至连接器31，所述连接器31将插座30连接到本领域中已知的前述网络布线(例如图1中的布线13a)。另一个集线器端口连至连接器38，由此能够与本领域中已知的前述数据单元相连(例如经由图1中的布线16a连接到数据单元7a)。第三个端口连至集成在插座30内部的处理单元36。处理单元36提供了数据单元(例如图1中的数据单元7a)的基本功能，它主要包括具有存储的地址39的地址单元37，其中所述地址在网络内部是唯一的。例如，在使用了依照IEEE802.3的接口10BaseT或100BaseTX的以太网中，处理单元36可以包括MAC(介质访问控制)地址或IP(网际协议)地址，以此作为地址39。这样一来，插座30变成了网络内部的可寻址实体，并且能够响应带有地址39的消息或是作为信源而传送包含地址39的消息。由于插座30是网络中的可寻址实体，因此可以通过执行远程诊断来确定插座30的状态和健康。例如，可以将要求应答的消息发送到插座30。通过接收来自该插座的应答，可以确认所述插座在网络中的存在以及插座的基本功能和接收应答所经由的任何与该插座的连接。此外，在插座中通常可以集成一个或多个状态设备，并且可以采用逐个或是作为一个整体的方式来对这些状态设备进行寻址，由此提供与插座状态以及网络状况有关的有价值数据。典型的状态设备是电压传感器、连续性检测器、集线器活动指示器、转换器(transducer)等等。网络状态包括但不局限于下列因素，例如布线连续性、连接器状态、相连设备、拓扑结构、信号延迟、等待时间以及路由模式。虽然在上文中将插座30描述为具有单个数据联网接口38，但其也能支持多个接口，其中每一个接口都与集线器11的不同端口相连。处理单元36还能对接收的消息进行分析，以便执行对之响应的操作，此外，所述处理单元还可以编发用于发送的消息，以便对接收的消息做出响应或是向网络上的其他设备发出消息。例如，处理单元36可以检测异常状态或紧急情况，并可能因此通过发送消息来告知网络上的其他设备。
在现有技术中，诸如可管理的集线器、可管理的交换机和路由器之类的可管理设备都是已知的。也可以将插座30视为是收容在插座内部的可管理设备。
图4示出了依照本发明的局域网(LAN)40。网络40的架构与现有技术网络10的架构(图1)基本上是相同的，其中，集线器11以“星形”拓扑经由(在图1中)分别连接到插座15a和15b的网络布线13a和13b连接到不同的末端单元。然而，依照本发明，现有技术网络10的插座15a和15b分别由插座30a和30b所取代，这些插座包含了先前参照图3所描述的可寻址处理单元36a和36b。例如，插座30a具有内置的处理单元36a、寻址单元37a以及地址39a。插座30a允许经由连接器38a通过布线16a而与数据单元7a连接。同样，插座30b允许数据单元7b经由到连接器38b的布线16b与网络相连。分别集成在插座30a和30b内部的寻址单元37a和37b允许使用地址39a和39b唯一标识插座30a和30b。
网络40提供了能够逐一寻址各个插座的优点，由此允许执行远程诊断。现在，网络40的插座30a和30b可以便于故障定位。例如，服务器12使用插座30a的地址向插座30a传送消息，其后跟随的则是传送到数据单元7a的消息。当插座30a对服务器12做出响应并且数据单元7a没有做出响应的时候，最有可能出现的情况是数据单元与插座30a之间的连接出现故障，或者没有数据单元与插座30a相连。因此，假设数据单元7a是相连的，那么很容易将故障仅限制于连接器38a、布线16a或数据单元7a。同样，如果没有接收到来自插座30a的应答，则将故障定位在电缆13a、连接器31a或插座30a。
可以通过将电源连接到各个插座在本地为插座30进行供电，但是优选地，也可以经由网络本身来为插座30供电。在以“LAN供电”著称的后一种情况下，可以通过使用众所周知的幻象结构(phantomconfiguration)的附加线对或通过FDM(频分/域复用)方法而将电力传送到插座。后者通常使用的是直流馈送，在频率上，它与频谱中的高频部分所传送的数据是隔离的。
在另一个实施例中，本发明使用在通过建筑物内电话线的数据网络上，在所述电话线上，模拟电话服务信号是在频谱的低频部分传送的，数据通信信号是在高频部分传送的。图5示出了依照本发明的插座50，它能够分离和组合不同频谱部分的信号。插座50经由连接器22与电话布线相连，其中所述连接器22最好处于插座50的后部，而插座50则以机械方式固定在建筑物的内壁上。低通滤波器(LPF)23隔离频谱中的模拟电话服务部分，以便经由插口56而与模拟电话服务相连。优选地，插口56是标准的电话插口，例如北美使用的RJ-11。数据通信信号是由高通滤波器(HPF)24隔离的，该滤波器24与数据通信设备(DCE)单元25相连，该数据通信设备单元25充当调制解调器，用于通过电话线路介质的数据通信。集成的集线器11允许在包含带有地址39的地址单元37的处理单元36与用于通过DCE单元25而将外部设备连接到网络的数据插口38之间共享数据。集成了地址单元37的处理单元36允许唯一地路由那些指向或来自插座的消息。此外，插座50既支持模拟电话服务(经由插口56)，也支持经由插口38的数据通信。
图6以图形方式描述了依照本发明的电话插座50的前面板，其中所述插座既具有电话连接器56，又具有数据连接器38。
图7示出了在电话线路5a、5b和5c上运作并使用了依照本发明的插座50a和50b的网络70。网络70支持通过分别与插座50a和50b的电话连接器连接的模拟电话机26a和26b的常规PSTN电话服务。同时，可以借助数据单元7a和7b完成数据联网。插座50a和50b中每一个都可以由网络中的其他插座或数据单元使用专用地址39a和39b来寻址，其中所述专用地址分别是用地址单元37a以及37b传送的。同样，插座50a和50b可以对网络中的任何其他实体进行寻址，这样则可以对插座和不同网络分段进行如上所述的故障隔离。
虽然迄今为止都是针对电话布线和电话插座而对本发明进行论证的，但是本发明同样可以应用于建筑物内部的任何一种有线网络，例如CATV或电力线。图8描述了作为本发明的一般实施例的插座80。在整体布局上，插座80与图5所示的插座50相类似。插座80经由连接器81与相关布线相连，并且包含集成的数据服务分离器/组合器单元82，该单元82将布线上传送的数据与主服务信号相隔离。对电话服务而言，单元82包含了低通滤波器(例如图7所示的LPF 23a)和高通滤波器(例如图7所示的HPF 24a)。对电力布线而言，交流电源由单元82进行划分并被馈送到插槽84，从而像常规方式那样为该插座供应电力。在这种情况下，作为电力线载体(PLC)调制解调器的调制解调器83将集线器11对接到集成的数据/服务分离器/组合器单元82，以便允许通过电力线进行数据通信。同样，对于将CATV布线用做网络基础实施的CATV应用而言，调制解调器83是同轴电缆调制解调器，并且单元82会将CATV信号与数据信号相隔离。
虽然迄今为止都是针对基于以太网/IP的数据网络而对本发明进行描述的，但是本发明同样适用于任何类型的数据网络。此外，虽然分组网络对局域网而言是最为普及的，但是本发明并不局限于分组网络，它也可以应用于任何使用地址来唯一标识网络实体的数字数据网络。
此外，虽然是针对基于连续导电介质(电话、CATV或电力)的网络而对本发明进行描述的，并且相关的调制解调器和相关电路是并行连接到有线架构的，但是本发明同样可以应用于布线处于离散分段而并不连续的情况。在WO 0007322中公开了上述结构，其是在2000年2月10日以本发明人的名义公开的并且已经转让给了本申请人，该文献的名称是“Local Area Network of Serial Intelligent Cells”。
虽然在上文中将各个插座30、50和80都描述成具有单个数据连接，但是应该理解，在一个插座中也可以包括多个数据网络接口，其中每一个接口都与相应集线器(例如图7所示的集线器11a)的不同端口相连。
此外，虽然是针对与各个插座相关联的单个地址而对本发明进行描述的，但是应该了解，也可以将多个地址分配给一个插座。不同地址可以与不同数据端口和/或不同插座功能相关联，由此可以通过单独寻址这些可寻址数据端口或功能来提高故障隔离度，直到对诊断消息的响应信号的缺失表明被寻址插座的端口和/或功能存在故障或者所涉及的连接中存在中断。
虽然是针对在本地定位故障的局域网来对本发明进行描述的，但是应该了解，通过将地址分配给插座，可以为远程诊断和故障定位提供便利。在图9中对这种网络90进行了描述。网络90包括与上述网络40相类似的局域网部分(同样可以使用基于电话线、CATV或电源线的网络)。然而，将外部连接添加到了外部网络92中。该连接使用了桥接在外部WAN和内部LAN之间的网关93，该网关即为通常所说的综合接入设备(IAD)、家庭或住宅网关(RG)。举例来说，该外部网络可以是有线或无线的广域网(WAN)。并且举例来说，外部网络92可以是因特网。所述连接可以通过不同的接入技术，例如基于CATV(使用电缆调制解调器或机顶盒)的、或是无线方式(卫星或陆地)的xDSL(使用xDSL调制解调器)。远程服务器91是远程连接到WAN 92的数据单元，由此可以与局域网及其组件、数据单元7a、7b以及插座30a和30b进行通信。在这种结构中，故障隔离可以远程地执行并且由服务器91来管理。通过与插座30a和30b以及数据单元7a和7b进行通信，服务器91可以将故障定位确定到上述分段水平。此外，即使没有与数据单元相连或是没有数据单元进行操作，远程服务器91也可以检查上至插座水平的系统完整性。在这种情况下，电话公司(通过xDSL连接)或CATV供应商(借助电缆调制解调器或机顶盒)可以在远程测试并确认住宅内部的网络状态。

Claims (10)

1.一种插座(30)，用于通过建筑物中的布线(13)而将数据单元(7)耦合到数据网络，所述插座包括：
可以连接到所述布线的第一连接器(22，31)，
可以连接到所述数据单元的第二连接器(38)，以及
与所述第一连接器和所述第二连接器相耦合的集线器(11)，
其特征在于：
处理单元(36)，与所述集线器相耦合，并包含了用于存储在网络中识别的地址(39)的地址单元(37)，所述处理单元(36)可以被操作用于在网络上识别并编发与所述地址相关联的消息。
2.根据权利要求1所述的插座，还包括耦合在所述集线器(11)和第一连接器(22，81)之间的调制解调器(25，83)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的插座，其中所述布线是电话布线，并且还包括：
与第一连接器(22)相耦合、用于隔离电话服务信号的低通滤波器(23)，以及
与所述低通滤波器相耦合并且可以连接到电话机的电话连接器(56)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的插座，其中所述布线是电力布线，并且还包括：
与连接器(81)相耦合、用于隔离电力信号的分离器/组合器(82)，以及
与所述分离器/组合器相耦合并且可以连接到耗电设备的电力连接器(84)。
5.根据权利要求2所述的插座，其中所述布线为有线电视布线，并且还包括：
与连接器(81)相耦合、用于隔离有线电视信号的分离器/组合器(82)，以及
与所述分离器/组合器相耦合并且可以连接到有线电视设备的有线电视连接器(84)。
6.一种安装建筑物中的布线，其中包含了根据权利要求1到5中任何一个权利要求的插座。
7.一种数据网络，其中包含了根据权利要求1到5中任何一个权利要求的插座。
8.一种用于隔离安装在建筑物中的布线中的故障的方法，其中所安装的布线包含了多个插座以及将所述插座与数据单元互连、以形成信号路径的布线分段，所述方法包括：发送寻址到所述网络实体的询问消息，所述消息包含了要求确认消息的请求；以及通过分析返回的消息来隔离故障位置；
其特征在于：
至少一个所述插座是可寻址的，并且可以用于应答所述询问消息。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中所述故障隔离是从与所安装的布线相耦合的远程位置执行的。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中所安装的布线是从电话布线、电力布线以及有线电视布线中选出的。
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US20070286232A1 (en) 2007-12-13
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US20080175256A1 (en) 2008-07-24
IL152824A0 (en) 2003-06-24
US8295185B2 (en) 2012-10-23
US20050025162A1 (en) 2005-02-03
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AU2003282347A1 (en) 2004-06-03
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US20080198777A1 (en) 2008-08-21
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US20080205606A1 (en) 2008-08-28
US7522615B2 (en) 2009-04-21
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