CN1703555B - 具有改进的挺度和松厚度的纸张及其制备方法 - Google Patents

具有改进的挺度和松厚度的纸张及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1703555B
CN1703555B CN038250489A CN03825048A CN1703555B CN 1703555 B CN1703555 B CN 1703555B CN 038250489 A CN038250489 A CN 038250489A CN 03825048 A CN03825048 A CN 03825048A CN 1703555 B CN1703555 B CN 1703555B
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A·斯维林
宋建成
M·赫尔曼
P·F·李
L·贝德纳里克
S·杨
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Abstract

本发明提供了具有改进的强度、挺度和耐卷曲性能的三层复印纸及其制备方法。所述纸具有主要由纤维素制成并用疏松剂如二酰胺盐疏松化的中间芯层(12)。在所述芯层的两侧压印了淀粉基计量施胶压榨涂层，其中的淀粉具有高固含量。涂层(14)形成了具有围绕低密度芯层的高强度外层(14)的工字梁结构的三层型纸。

Description

具有改进的挺度和松厚度的纸张及其制备方法
发明领域
本发明涉及造纸技术并特别涉及纸基材的制造。本发明还涉及从本发明的纸基材制成的制品如印刷纸和纸板制品。
相关申请
本申请要求2002年9月13日提交的美国临时申请No.60/410,666的权益。
发明背景
现代工作和家庭式办公使用大量纸制品，包括但不限于复印纸级产品和纸板，如书写纸、打印纸、复印纸和表格纸。不幸的是，这些纸和纸板产品呈现出一种或多种缺点。例如，这些产品中的一些的纸张定量较低或在弯曲中挺度不够或耐久性不足以承受整个复印机的运转过程。因而，为节约原料并能够提高产率，以较低的纸张定量但具有相同的挺度性能来制备复印纸一直是业内的目标。复印纸的其它重要性能是卷曲度即在纸平面外的运动和吸湿膨胀性即纸张随相对湿度的变化的膨胀和收缩。在纸张在复印机中堆积过程中以及为了正常的进纸，需要低卷曲度。需要低吸湿膨胀性是因为卷曲度是吸湿膨胀性的函数以及纸张中材料分布的函数(参见例如Carlsson，L.：Astudyof the Bending Properties of Paper and their Relation to theLayered Structure，Doctoral thesis，Chalmers University ofTechnology，Department of Polymeric Materials，Gothenburg，Sweden，1980，ISBN 91-7032-003-9)。吸湿膨胀性和卷曲度还是造纸工艺的函数，特别在纤维幅的干燥过程中(参见例如T.Uesaka的Handbook of Physical Testing of Paper，第2版，第1卷，第3章，第115-117页，ISBN 0-8247-0498-3：Dimensional Stabilityand Environmental Effects on Paper Properties)。纸张的弯曲挺度Sb是弹性模量E和厚度t的函数，如Sb正比于Et3。这意味着提高弯曲挺度的最有效方式是提高纸张厚度。然而，通常厚度必须保持在规格范围内。提高弯曲挺度的一个更有效的方式是形成工字梁效果，即高密度的外层和低密度芯层。三层结构的数学表达式表明，如果其它参数保持一致，与均匀结构相比，工字梁效果产生出显著较高的弯曲挺度(参见例如C.Fellers和L.A.Carlsson的Hand bookof physical Testing of Paper，第2版，第1卷，第3章，第233-256页，ISBN 0-8247-0498-3：Bending Stiffness，with SpecialReference to paperboard)。这一认识被应用到多重纸板和低纸张定量的打印纸中，如复印纸(参见例如H
Figure 10003_0
ggblom-Ahnger，U.，1998，Three-ply office paper，Doctoral thesis，
Figure 10003_1
bo AkademiUniversity，Turku，Finland，1998)。
现代造纸机的施胶压榨单元制备通常具有计量施胶的复印纸级产品。这些单元能够向纸张的其它层施用施胶淀粉(和/或其它增强组分)。已出版的文献中示范了这一技术(参见例如Lipponen J.等人：Surface Sizing with Starch Solutions at High Solids Contents，2002 Tappi Metered Size Press Forum，Orlando，FL，May1-4，2002，Tappi Press 2002，ISBN 1-930657-91-9)。作者的结论是与较低的固含量(8，12和15％)相比，在18％固含量下进行淀粉溶液的施胶压榨显著改进了弯曲挺度。
还常用的是溢流压区(也称作液池或液槽)施胶压榨单元。在此情况下，由于在溢流压区内向纸张内的渗透更深，淀粉溶液向外层施涂的潜力与计量施胶压榨单元不同。然而，文献中的结果建议淀粉固含量的提高也会造成渗透作用下降而仍具有改进弯曲挺度的可能(参见例如Bergh，N.O.的：Surface Treatment on Paper with Starchfrom the Viewpoint of Production Increase，XXI EUCEPAInternational Conference，第2卷，Conferencias nos.23a 43，Torremolinos，Spain，第547-页，1984)。然而，相对文献中报告的结果，要在抗弯强度上做出显著改进并获得其它上述益处，仍存有余地。
因此，存在对改进的纸张和纸板制品的需求，所述纸张和纸板制品减少或消除了这些缺点中的一或多种，同时能够在显著较低的纸张定量下，以较高的生产率，并从而以较低的生产成本制备纸板和复印纸级制品。这样的改进是受益于施胶前纸幅松厚度的提高(注：纸张厚度对弯曲挺度的影响巨大)以及包含粘度调节剂和/或交联剂的高固含量淀粉溶液，以提高施胶压榨涂层的强度和提高维持表面对施涂层的附着作用。而且，本发明的目标是在单重纸中提供这些益处，由此消除与多纤维素层纸张所需要的附加机械有关的成本。
发明概述
因此，本发明的目标是提供具有改进的松厚度和挺度的纸或纸板，其具有顶层、中间层和底层的三层化的单重工字梁结构，其中的中间层是纤维素芯层，顶层和底层是淀粉基施胶涂层，其覆盖中间层的上下表面而向中间层的渗透最小，并具有渗透在纤维素芯层内的疏松剂。
本发明的另一个目标是提供具有改进的松厚度和挺度的纸或纸板，其具有顶层、中间层和底层的三层化的单重工字梁结构，其中的中间层是纤维素芯层，顶层和底层是淀粉基施胶涂层，其覆盖中间层的上下表面，所述顶层和底层的淀粉涂层重量为2-10克/平方米，并具有渗透在纤维素芯层内的疏松剂。
本发明的再一个目标是提供制备纸或纸板的方法，包含提供包括纤维素纤维和疏松剂的配料的步骤，由所述造纸配料形成纤维幅，干燥纤维幅形成干燥幅，用高强度淀粉基施胶压榨溶液对该干燥幅进行施胶压榨处理，在纤维幅的顶部和底部侧面上形成顶部和底部涂层，在施胶压榨处理后干燥纤维幅以形成具有工字梁型结构的三层化单重结构。
当结合附图思考对本发明实施方案的描述时，本发明的其它目的、实施方案、特征和优点将变得显而易见，这应以示范而非限制的意味去理解。
附图简述
图1简要说明了本发明的三层化纸，其是通过疏松纸基材并采用包含粘度调节剂/交联剂的高固含量淀粉获得的。
图2简要说明了造纸机工艺。
发明详述
图1中显示了根据本发明的一个实施方案的纸10，其中本文中使用的术语“纸”不仅包括纸及其生产，还包括其它纸幅状产品，如板和纸板及其生产。在平坦、疏松化的纤维素芯层12的两侧涂覆高强度淀粉基施胶压榨涂层14。所述纤维素纤维是由化学纸浆配料形成，其包含硬木和软木纤维与额外的填料如碳酸钙沉淀或本领域已知的其它纤维的混合物。还可以将表面活性剂、助留剂或典型地加入到纸制品中的其它添加剂分散在纤维中。软木与硬木纤维的精确比例可以在本发明的范围内变化。理想地，硬木与软木纤维的比值在3∶1-10∶1之间变化。然而，可以采用其它的硬木/软木比值或其它种类的纤纤，如得自化学纸浆如硫酸盐和亚硫酸盐纸浆，含木纸浆或机械浆如热机械浆、化学-热机械浆、精炼机纸浆和磨木浆的纤维。所述纤维也可以基于回收纤维，任选由脱墨纸浆及其混合物制成。
纤维素芯层12是通过疏松剂疏松化的低密度芯层，由此实现厚度的提高。优选的实施方案采用了二酰胺盐基疏松剂如氨乙基乙醇胺的单-和二硬脂酰胺，商业上称作Reactopaque 100，(Omnova SolutionsInc.，Performance Chemicals，1476 J.A.Cochran By-Pass，Chester，SC 29706，USA and marketed and Sold by Ondeo NalcoCo.，with headquarters at Ondeo Nalco Center，Naperville，IL 60563，USA)，以基于干重为约0.025-约0.25wt％的量使用。然而，可以采用本领域已知的各种化学疏松剂，如季铵化的咪唑啉或微球体，其中所述微球体由选自以下的聚合物材料制成：甲基丙烯酸甲酯、邻氯苯乙烯、聚邻氯苯乙烯、聚乙烯基苄基氯、丙烯腈、偏二氯乙烯、对叔丁基苯乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸、乙烯基苄基氯和上述物质中两或更多种的组合。芯层12可以含有其它材料，如表面活性剂、助留剂和本领域已知的填料。如果将微球体用作疏松剂，通常优选使用助留剂。在采用二酰胺盐的优选实施方案中，不需要助留剂。
在优选实施方案中，淀粉基涂层14覆盖了芯层的两个表面。高密度涂层覆盖了较低密度疏松化的纤维素芯层的上下表面，产生了三层单重纸制品的工字梁效果。在其它实施方案中，可以用淀粉施胶压榨涂层只涂覆纤维素芯层的一个侧面。该高强度涂层是由固含量为6-20％的淀粉基溶液形成的，但优选比典型纸更高的淀粉强度，但仍要足够低，以防止涂层向芯层内过度渗透。本发明的商业实施方案通常采用约6-12％的固含量。然而，在其它优选实施方案中，可以用约18％的固体淀粉含量实现高挺度。
涂层最低程度地或根本不向纤维素芯层渗透。结果，淀粉可以基本上不存在于纤维素芯层中。对渗透作用的控制，理想地利用计量化的施胶压榨涂层来实现，这样，可以严密监控外层膜的厚度。在优选实施方案中，淀粉涂层膜厚度与纸整体厚度的比值为1∶50-1∶1.1。纸的孔隙度也会影响涂层的渗透作用。为产生具有在较低密度芯层周围的高强度外部涂层的工字梁结构的三个相邻的独立层，控制厚度和渗透作用是关键。
用于涂层中的淀粉可以是一般用于涂层中的任何淀粉，优选羟乙基化的淀粉、氧化淀粉、从常规使用的淀粉源如马铃薯、玉米、小麦、大米或木薯制得的阳离子改性或酶转化淀粉。该涂层还可以含有粘性调节剂、交联剂和颜料如聚乙烯醇、碳酸锆铵、硼酸盐化合物、乙二醛、蜜胺甲醛、经研磨和沉淀的碳酸钙、粘土、滑石粉、TiO2和二氧化硅。
完成时，纸10的纸张定量通常为59-410g/m2，涂层的纸张定量为2-10g/m2。
图2展示了配制图1纸张所用方法的一个实施方案的简图。多种造纸机是已知的，许多带有典型的湿部/干部型造纸机的变体。因而，本发明不限于特定类型的造纸机，如图2的简图中所示的种类。
在造纸机的湿部过程中向配料中加入疏松剂20，其中的配料还可以包含的添加剂包括填料、助留剂、表面活性剂和本领域已知的其它典型地加入湿部造纸配料中的物质。在该实施方案中，优选的疏松剂是二酰胺盐基产品(Reactopaque 100)。然而，在本发明的精神内，可以采用其它疏松剂。
所述湿部还包含用来机械处理纸浆的精炼机22、纸机贮浆池32、将配料宽射流排放到网部上以形成纤维纸幅的网前箱24、具有极细网孔移动筛的网部26、压榨部28和包含多个使纤维幅干燥并将其传送至施胶压榨工序的支承辊的干燥部34。
在混合槽30中将淀粉基涂料混合。所用的淀粉优选羟乙基化的淀粉、氧化淀粉、从常规使用的淀粉源如马铃薯、玉米、小麦、大米或木薯制得的阳离子改性或酶转化淀粉。在该实施方案中，将淀粉熬煮并与粘度调节剂、交联剂和颜料如聚乙烯醇、碳酸锆铵、硼酸盐化合物、乙二醛、蜜胺甲醛、经研磨和沉淀的碳酸钙、粘土、滑石粉、TiO2和二氧化硅中的一或多种一起加入混合槽中。在进入混合槽之前，可以将淀粉与硼酸盐化合物一起在淀粉锅38中熬煮。将混合的涂料输送至施胶压榨槽然后施胶压榨到纸幅上，涂覆该纸幅的一或二个侧面。该淀粉基涂料优选具有6-20重量％的淀粉固含量。根据本行业典型采用的两种技术之一，所述涂层可以并联或串联添加。对任何一种技术而言，纸张的厚度、重量、挺度和耐卷曲性基本相同。
所用的施胶压榨处理优选是计量化的施胶压榨施涂。由于计量施胶压榨的本质，可以使淀粉固体的施涂得到控制和标准化。结果，淀粉涂层向纤维素芯层的渗透是最小的，保持了三层单重结构的工字梁效果。即使如此，也可以采用本领域已知的其它施胶压榨工艺，如溢流压区施胶压榨施涂。在该情况下，由于溢流压区中向纸张内更深的渗透，淀粉溶液向外层的施涂潜力与计量施胶压榨单元的不同。
然后将经涂覆的纸幅传送到造纸机干部36中的施胶压榨处理工序，其中的干部一般包含许多在热的狭窄罩盖结构下蒸汽加热的旋转圆网，其接近纸幅行进路线，以便在施胶压榨施涂后进一步干燥纸张。
与不包含结合了粘度调节剂和/或交联剂的疏松剂和/或高固含量施胶压榨淀粉相比，得到的纸基材具有一种或更多改善的性能。例如，对于本发明的一些实施方案而言，该纸基材与不含上述成分的相同纸基材不同，在纸基材的反面和正面上呈现出改进的谢菲尔德光滑度(TAPPI 538 om-88)，因而能够在较低程度下压光而保持松厚度。
而且，该纸张呈现出改进的耐卷曲性能(对复印级产品来说最重要的终端用户性能)、改进的吸湿膨胀性和Lorentzon & Wettre抗弯性能。本发明的其它益处包括更密实的纸张和/或达到一定的纸张孔隙率的概率更高，形成了更高的Gurley数(TAPPI T460om-96)。由于通常采用真空抽吸提升纸张使复印纸经进纸通过复印机，所以这是有益的。
以下的非限制性实施例说明了本发明的其它各个方面。除非另有说明，温度为摄氏度，纸张定量为克/平方米，任何纸浆添加剂或水分的百分数基于材料总量经烘箱干燥的重量。
实施例1
在装有溢流压区施胶机的造纸机上进行了一系列实验。由约9份硬木和1份软木并含有19％填料(沉淀的碳酸钙)的混合物制备纸张。与淀粉溶液一道加入标准AKD胶作为内施胶，向施胶机加入标准表面施胶。随着在精炼前向硬木浆池中加入Reactopaque 100开始实验。添加速率升至0.15％并将具有酶促转化玉米淀粉的施胶涂料改变为含有高固含量(用10％代替标准的8％)并结合5份乙二醛(Sequarez 755，Omnova Solution InC.，SC，USA)和25份碳酸钙粉末(Omyafil，OG，Omya，Inc.，Alpharetta，GA，USA)，份数为基于淀粉计。在这些设定下进行一次运行，然后将施胶涂料变回不含乙二醛和填料但保持较高固含量的淀粉。最后的条件保持这些设定但降低了纸张定量以评估弯曲挺度的影响。表1提供了与不含疏松剂和标准淀粉固体的对比样品相比较的Lorentzon & Wettre耐弯曲性能(弯曲挺度)、纸厚和Bendtsen孔隙率的结果。条件2显示出在厚度和弯曲挺度上比对比样品的提高和孔隙数的降低。条件2还显示出以Bendtsen光滑度指数测定的更光滑的表面，其从225/210ml/分钟(反面/正面)降低至205/195ml/分钟(反面/正面)。条件2的这一降低的孔隙率可以归因于填料贴紧表面并产生出更光滑的表面。最重要的发现是，当将条件2、3和4与条件1(对比样品)比较时。随着Reactopaque的加入，厚度增加，而且厚度增加以及位于表层的淀粉增加的结果是弯曲挺度升高了。作为更开放型纸张(较高的Bendtson孔隙数)的结果，纸张中的淀粉总含量也升高了。与条件1相比，条件4是特别重要的，因为其表明升高的弯曲挺度使纸张定量下降，同时保持了与对比样品几乎相同的挺度。
表1
  条件   处理   纸张定量克/m2   厚度微米   弯曲挺度，mnMD/CD   Bendtsen孔隙率
  1   对比样品   80.3   99.4   104/62   880
  2   提高淀粉固含量加入乙二醛和GCC   80.3   102.3   117/57   715
  3   提高淀粉固含量   79.8   102.5   121/55   980
  4   提高淀粉固含量降低纸张定量   78.3   100.1   107/58   1000
实施例2
在计量施胶压榨实验中评估了一系列纸。制备了90克/平方米不含Reactopaque 100的试验纸基材。对采用该纸基材的对比样品C1提供了2克/m2的施胶涂层为对比样品C2提供了5克/m2的施胶涂层，为对比样品C3提供了8克/m2的施胶涂层。在计量施胶压榨单元上，用一系列在硬木精炼前加入0.18％Reactopaque 100的按88克/m2制备的试验纸张进行并行对比来运行上述对比样品。向试验纸基材以较高固含量(用18％代替标准的8％)提供含有羟乙基化的玉米淀粉(Ethylex 2035，购自A.E.Staley Manufacturing Co.，Decatur，IL，USA)并结合了乙二醛和填料(碳酸钙粉末)的施胶涂料。对施胶涂覆的纸测试其弯曲挺度、光滑度和孔隙率。为了总结结果，以光滑度和在以钢-钢压光之后120的谢菲尔德光滑度下评估的结果的函数形式对弯曲挺度作图。提供未压光纸的Gurley孔隙率和谢菲尔德光滑度指数。采用Varidim吸湿膨胀率测试仪(Techpap，Grenoble，France)在纵向和横向测试纸条的吸湿膨胀系数。在15-90％的相对湿度下测量吸湿膨胀，由此计算吸湿膨胀系数。
由以下列表选择淀粉溶液的不同添加剂：
·在淀粉熬煮前以基于淀粉0.25％的量加入五水合四硼酸钠，硼砂(Neobor from US Borax，CA，USA)。
·以基于淀粉5％的量加入乙二醛(Sequarez 755，OmnovaSolutions Inc.，SC，USA)并结合以基于淀粉50％的量加入的碳酸钙沉淀(Megafil2000，Specialty Minerals PA，USA)。
·聚乙烯醇(Celvol 325，购自Celenese Chemicals，TX，USA)以基于淀粉5％的量加入。
表2显示了结果。高固含量淀粉和粘度调节剂/填料/交联剂的组合使弯曲挺度比对比样品提高了20％。单独的高固含量淀粉也能提供一些益处，但是，令人吃惊的结果是疏松化和施胶压榨施涂对几个重要纸张性能的总体影响。施胶压榨施涂提供出更密实的纸张，从Gurley孔隙率指数可看出，对于高固含量淀粉和粘度调节剂/填料/交联剂组合的条件而言，含有疏松化添加剂的纸基材更为光滑且吸湿膨胀系数显著较低。
表2
  条件   处理  施胶涂覆的涂层重量克/平方米   弯曲挺度MD+CD   相对于对比样品的挺度提高百分数   孔隙率Gurley秒   光滑度   吸湿膨胀系数
  C1   基材纸90g/m2淀粉固体10％  2   164   0％   13
  C2   基材纸90g/m2淀粉固体10％  5   191   0％   17   180   0.01
  C3   基材纸90g/m2淀粉固体10％  8   210   0％   23
  4   疏松化的基材纸88g/m2淀粉固体18％  2   185   13％与C1相比   30
  5   疏松化的基材纸88g/m2淀粉固体18％  5   200   5％与C2相比   35
  6   疏松化的基材纸88g/m2淀粉固体18％  8   215   2％与C3相比   34   148   0.01
  7   疏松化的基材纸88g/m2淀粉固体18％熬煮淀粉前加入基于淀粉0.25份硼砂  2   193   18％与C1相比   34
  8   疏松化的基材纸88g/m2淀粉固体18％熬煮淀粉前加入基于淀粉0.25份硼砂   5   216   13％与C2相比   35
  9   疏松化的基材纸88g/m2淀粉固体18％熬煮淀粉前加入基于淀粉0.25份硼砂   8   223   6％与C3相比   34   157   0.009
  10   疏松化的基材纸88g/m2淀粉固体18％向淀粉涂料中加入25份PCC   2   200   22％与C1相比   30
11 疏松化的基材纸88g/m2淀粉固体18％向淀粉涂料中加入25份PCC 5 212 11％与C2相比 32
  12   疏松化的基材纸88g/m2淀粉固体18％向淀粉涂料中加入25份PCC   8   226   8％与C3相比   37   158   0.009
  13   疏松化的基材纸88g/m2淀粉固体18％向淀粉涂料中   2   192   17％与C1相比   31
  加入5份聚乙烯醇
  14   疏松化的基材纸88g/m2淀粉固体18％向淀粉涂料中加入5份聚乙烯醇  5   213   12％与C2相比   43
  15   疏松化的基材纸88g/m2淀粉固体18％向淀粉涂料中加入5份聚乙烯醇  8   222   6％与C 3相比   52   160   0.009
实施例3
由8份Northern硬木浆和2份Northern软木浆并含有20％填料(得自Specialty Minerals的碳酸钙粉(Megafil2000))的混合物形成一系列纸。将所述纸浆精炼在一起并使之具有约450ml的加拿大标准游离度。在湿部加入得自Hercules的AKD标准胶(Hercon 70)，为纸基材提供50-100秒的Hercules施胶测试指数。在54℃的纸浆温度下精炼前加入0.17wt％的Reactopaque 100以获得疏松化效果。用受让人的国际纸张研究中心研制的专用测量工具测试纸张的加热卷曲性。结果示于表3中。结果表明向纸基材中加入Reactopaque 100显著降低了卷曲指数(5个单位的差别应认为是显著差别)。
表3
  纸样品   处理   加热卷曲，毫米
  1   75克/平方米无Reactopaque 100   42
  2   80克/平方米无Reactopaque 100   32
  3   75克/平方米加Reactopaque 100   25
  4   80克/平方米加Reactopaque 100   20
虽然参考优选实施方案描述了本发明，但本领域的普通技术人员将认识到，根据以上公开，各种改动是可能的。例如，各种类型的疏松剂的最佳用量和纤维素纤维的比值是可以变化的。希望所有这些改变和改良在所附权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围之内。

Claims (32)

1.具有改进的松厚度和挺度的纸或纸板，包含：
具有顶层、中间层和底层的三层化的单重工字梁结构，其中的中间层是纤维素芯层，顶层和底层是淀粉基施胶涂层，其覆盖中间层的上下表面而向中间层的渗透最小，使得纤维素芯层中基本上不存在淀粉，和
渗透在纤维素芯层内的疏松剂。
2.权利要求1的纸或纸板，其中中间层厚度与所述纸或纸板的厚度的比值为1∶50-1∶1.1。
3.权利要求1的纸或纸板，其中所述纸张的纸张定量为59克/m2-410克/m2，顶部和底部涂层的纸张定量分别为2-10克/m2。
4.权利要求1的纸或纸板，其中的顶层和底层具有用计量施胶机控制的淀粉施胶。
5.权利要求1的纸或纸板，其中的顶层和底层由淀粉固含量为6％-20重量％的淀粉涂料溶液形成。
6.权利要求1的纸或纸板，其中的疏松剂是二酰胺盐基产品。
7.权利要求1的纸或纸板，其中的疏松剂由选自以下的物质的材料微球体制成：甲基丙烯酸甲酯、邻氯苯乙烯、聚邻氯苯乙烯、聚乙烯基苄基氯、丙烯腈、偏二氯乙烯、对叔丁基苯乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸、乙烯基苄基氯和上述物质中两或更多种的组合。
8.权利要求7的纸或纸板，其中的中间层还包含助留剂。
9.权利要求1的纸或纸板，其中的中间层还包含选自填料、表面活性剂、施胶剂或其组合的添加剂。
10.权利要求1的纸或纸板，其中的淀粉选自羟乙基化的淀粉、氧化淀粉、从常规使用的淀粉制得的阳离子改性或酶转化淀粉，其中的常规使用的淀粉为马铃薯、玉米、小麦、大米或木薯。
11.权利要求1的纸或纸板，其中的顶层和底层还包含交联剂。
12.权利要求1的纸或纸板，其中的顶层和底层还包含粘度调节剂。
13.权利要求1的纸或纸板，其中的顶层和底层还包含颜料。
14.权利要求1的纸或纸板，其中所述顶层和/或底层还包含选自以下的添加剂：聚乙烯醇、碳酸锆铵、硼酸盐化合物、乙二醛、蜜胺甲醛、经研磨和沉淀的碳酸钙、粘土、滑石粉、TiO2和二氧化硅或其组合。
15.权利要求1的纸或纸板，其中的顶层和底层由具有12-20重量％的淀粉固体的淀粉涂层溶液形成。
16.权利要求1的纸或纸板，其中的顶层和底层由具有12-18重量％的淀粉固体的淀粉涂层溶液形成。
17.具有改进的松厚度和挺度的纸或纸板，包含：
具有顶层、中间层和底层的三层化的单重工字梁结构，其中的中间层是纤维素芯层，顶层和底层是淀粉基施胶涂层，其覆盖中间层的上下表面，所述顶层和底层的淀粉涂层重量分别为2-10克/平方米，其中纤维素芯层中基本上不存在淀粉，和
渗透在纤维素芯层内的疏松剂。
18.权利要求17的纸或纸板，其中的疏松剂由选自以下的物质的材料微球体制成：甲基丙烯酸甲酯、邻氯苯乙烯、聚邻氯苯乙烯、聚乙烯基苄基氯、丙烯腈、偏二氯乙烯、对叔丁基苯乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸、乙烯基苄基氯和上述物质中两或更多种的组合。
19.制备纸或纸板的方法，包含以下步骤：
(a)提供包括纤维素纤维和疏松剂的配料，
(b)由所述造纸配料形成纤维幅，
(c)干燥纤维幅形成干燥幅，
(d)用淀粉基施胶压榨溶液对该干燥幅进行施胶压榨处理，在纤维幅的顶部和底部侧面上形成顶部和底部涂层，
(e)在施胶压榨处理后干燥纤维幅，以形成具有工字梁型结构的三层化单重结构，
其中纤维素芯层中基本上不存在淀粉。
20.权利要求19的方法，其中的疏松剂由选自以下的物质的材料微球体制成：甲基丙烯酸甲酯、邻氯苯乙烯、聚邻氯苯乙烯、聚乙烯基苄基氯、丙烯腈、偏二氯乙烯、对叔丁基苯乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸、乙烯基苄基氯和上述物质中两或更多种的组合。
21.权利要求19的方法，其中纤维幅的厚度与所述纸或纸板厚度的比值为1∶50-1∶1.1。
22.权利要求19的方法，其中所述纸张的纸张定量为59克/m2-410克/m2，顶部和底部涂层的纸张定量分别为2-10克/m2。
23.权利要求19的方法，其中在纤维幅中没有来自顶部和底部涂层的显著量的淀粉。
24.权利要求19的方法，其中的顶部和底部涂层的淀粉固含量低于20重量％。
25.权利要求19的方法，其中的施胶压榨处理采用计量化施胶。
26.权利要求19的方法，其中的疏松剂是二酰胺盐基产品。
27.权利要求19的方法，其中的配料还含有选自填料、表面活性剂或其组合的添加剂。
28.权利要求21的方法，其中的淀粉选自羟乙基化的淀粉、氧化淀粉、从常规使用的淀粉源制得的阳离子改性或酶转化淀粉，其中的常规使用的淀粉源为马铃薯、玉米、小麦、大米或木薯。
29.权利要求19的方法，其中的施胶压榨溶液还含有选自以下的添加剂：聚乙烯醇、碳酸锆铵、硼酸盐化合物、乙二醛、蜜胺甲醛、经研磨和沉淀的碳酸钙、粘土、滑石粉、TiO2和二氧化硅或其组合。
30.权利要求21的方法，其中的淀粉基施胶压榨溶液的淀粉溶液在施胶压榨处理前经过硼酸盐化合物的预熬煮。
31.权利要求19的方法，其中的淀粉基施胶压榨溶液具有12-20重量％的淀粉固体。
32.权利要求19的方法，其中的淀粉基施胶压榨溶液具有12-18重量％的淀粉固体。
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CN1703555A (zh) 2005-11-30
RU2387752C2 (ru) 2010-04-27
WO2004025026A1 (en) 2004-03-25
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AU2003272481A1 (en) 2004-04-30
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US20130255897A1 (en) 2013-10-03
US8460512B2 (en) 2013-06-11
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US8790494B2 (en) 2014-07-29
US20140335333A1 (en) 2014-11-13
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