CN1642714A - 激光焊接的组件 - Google Patents

激光焊接的组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1642714A
CN1642714A CNA038061759A CN03806175A CN1642714A CN 1642714 A CN1642714 A CN 1642714A CN A038061759 A CNA038061759 A CN A038061759A CN 03806175 A CN03806175 A CN 03806175A CN 1642714 A CN1642714 A CN 1642714A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
matrix
laser
assembly
laser beam
sleeve pipe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CNA038061759A
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English (en)
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CN100408317C (zh
Inventor
山吹文康
中村秀生
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of CN1642714A publication Critical patent/CN1642714A/zh
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Publication of CN100408317C publication Critical patent/CN100408317C/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/36—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition including a pilot valve responding to an electromagnetic force
    • B60T8/3615—Electromagnetic valves specially adapted for anti-lock brake and traction control systems
    • B60T8/3675—Electromagnetic valves specially adapted for anti-lock brake and traction control systems integrated in modulator units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1677—Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1677—Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • B29C65/168—Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier placed at the interface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1687—Laser beams making use of light guides
    • B29C65/169—Laser beams making use of light guides being a part of the joined article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1687—Laser beams making use of light guides
    • B29C65/169—Laser beams making use of light guides being a part of the joined article
    • B29C65/1693—Laser beams making use of light guides being a part of the joined article in the form of a cavity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/345—Progressively making the joint, e.g. starting from the middle
    • B29C66/3452—Making complete joints by combining partial joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5346—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B29C66/53461—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat joining substantially flat covers and/or substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5346—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B29C66/53461—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat joining substantially flat covers and/or substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • B29C66/53462—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat joining substantially flat covers and/or substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies joining substantially flat covers and substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/65—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool
    • B29C66/652—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool moving the welding tool around the fixed article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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    • B29C66/7334—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being glossy or matt, reflective or refractive
    • B29C66/73341—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being glossy or matt, reflective or refractive at least one of the parts to be joined being glossy or reflective
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/733—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence
    • B29C66/7334—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being glossy or matt, reflective or refractive
    • B29C66/73343—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being glossy or matt, reflective or refractive at least one of the parts to be joined being matt or refractive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B29C66/7422—Aluminium or alloys of aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9241—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/934—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed
    • B29C66/93431—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed the speed being kept constant over time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/16—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C65/1612—Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
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    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/1661—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined scanning repeatedly, e.g. quasi-simultaneous laser welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/7805—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring the parts to be joined comprising positioning features
    • B29C65/7814—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring the parts to be joined comprising positioning features in the form of inter-cooperating positioning features, e.g. tenons and mortises
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/242—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
    • B29C66/2422—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being circular, oval or elliptical
    • B29C66/24221—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being circular, oval or elliptical being circular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/242—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
    • B29C66/2424—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain
    • B29C66/24243—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain forming a quadrilateral
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/733—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence
    • B29C66/7332—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being coloured
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B29C66/7428—Transition metals or their alloys
    • B29C66/74283—Iron or alloys of iron, e.g. steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • B29C66/91931—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • B29C66/91931—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/91935—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined lower than said fusion temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/939—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed characterised by specific speed values or ranges
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Abstract

本发明通过将金属件和树脂件或两树脂件在其由激光束照射加热的焊接或接合表面液密式焊接或接合而提供一种组件。激光束透过一种激光透过性树脂，与其接触的激光吸收性材料受照射被加热，使这两种树脂受热熔化。移动光束光点使各树脂件待加热熔化部分移动，树脂材料熔化然后固化。套管202包括吸收性树脂制成的上面部分216和透过性树脂制成的下面部分218。套管202固定到吸收性树脂制成的壳体200上，用来自套管202外部的光束照射使来自壳体200上侧的光束斜射在接触部分268上。同时光束照射位置沿着并遍及套管202壁206的周边恒速移动，使套管202和壳体200焊接或接合。透过性材料制成的盖204固定在套管202上，且盖204和套管202由来自接触部分272上方的激光束焊接或接合。

Description

激光焊接的组件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种组件，它包括一个基体，一个或多个设置在基体的一侧(侧面)上的功能元件，和一个封闭件，该封闭件固定到位于上述基体一侧的基体表面上，以便封闭件封闭该一个或多个功能元件；或者涉及一种组件，所述组件包括一个基体，一个固定到基体的一个表面上的第一构件(部件)，和一个固定到第一构件上的第二构件。本发明还涉及一种生产这些组件的方法。
背景技术
这些组件的其中一个例子包括一种液压控制装置，所述液压控制装置用于一种车辆用液压操纵制动系统。该液压控制装置一般包括多个电磁阀。多个电磁阀集中式设置在一个基体上，其中形成有流体通路，通过上述流体通路各电磁阀相互连接，或者各电磁阀连接到其它元件上。在这种情况下，如JP-A-2000-264192中所公开的，该多个电磁阀集中式设置在基体的一侧上，并将一个罩固定到位于基体该侧上的基体表面上，以便上述罩封闭各电磁阀。这种液压控制装置是按照本发明所述组件的一个例子。
在上述液压控制装置中，从加工方便性、所需机械强度等的观点来看，基体一般用一种金属制成，而罩一般用一种合成树脂材料制成。罩通过多个螺栓固定到基体上。然而，在常规设置中，必需在基体和罩中分别形成若干螺栓用的内螺孔和通孔，这在加工时花费大量劳动力。另外，元件数目不合理地增加，同时在库存控制和制造或装配上要花费大量劳动力。在将一个密封件插入罩和基体之间，用于在基体和罩的固定部分处保持密封性(液密性)时，这造成在上述加工，库存控制和制造或装配方面花大量劳动力。
尽管上述说明是关于用于车辆液压操纵制动系统的液压控制装置，但在与液压控制装置有类似结构的其它装置如一种车辆悬架的流体控制装置中，也发现存在与上述情况类似的问题。
在上述液压控制装置中，通过其中基体和封闭件相互固定的一种结构提供一种壳体(housing)。在该意义上，可以认为该壳体是一种包括一个基体和一个第二构件的组件。另外，在上述液压控制装置中，罩由一个空心件和一个闭合该空心件的一个开口的封闭件构成。在该意义上，可以认为壳体是一种包括一个基体，一个第一构件和一个第二构件的组件。这些组件容易产生与上述那些情况类似的问题。
发明内容
本发明在上述背景技术中形成。因此本发明的目的是降低一种包括一个基体、一个或多个设置在基体的一侧上的功能元件、和一个固定到位于上述基体一侧上的基体表面上的封闭件的组件，和一种包括一个基体、一个固定到基体的一个表面上的第一构件、和一个固定到第一构件上的第二构件的组件二者的制造成本。本发明提供一些组件及一些按照下列方式生产组件的方法。为了更容易理解本发明，当需要时，每种方式都象权利要求书那样编号并从属于其它一种或多种方式。应该理解，本发明不限于本说明书中所公开的技术特征或它们的任何组合。还应该理解，在本发明下列方式的其中任一方式中所包括的多个要素或特征不一定全都在一起提供，并且本发明可以用对同一方式说明的要素或特征其中选定的一个或多个实施。
(1)一种组件，它包括一个基体，至少一个设置在该基体的一侧上的功能元件，和一个封闭件，上述封闭件固定到位于上述基体一侧上的基体的一个表面上，以便封闭件封闭所述至少一个功能元件，其中该封闭件用一种激光透过性材料制成，该基体用一种激光不透过性材料制成，该基体和封闭件的至少其中之一用一种热塑性树脂制成，该基体和封闭件相互焊接。
在封闭件用激光透过性材料制成和基体用激光不透过性材料制成时，基体用一透过封闭件的激光束照射。因为基体用激光不透过性材料制成，所以在基体用激光束照射的一部分处产生热量。所产生的热量从其经过激光照射的部分传播到基体的其它部分，并传播到封闭件上。因此，如果基体和封闭件的至少其中之一是用热塑性树脂制成，则上述基体和封闭件的至少其中之一的一部分熔化或熔融，因此上述基体和封闭件的至少其中之一接合或焊接到基体和封闭件的其中另一个上。因此，封闭件可以很容易固定到基体上，因而降低了组件的制造成本。
通过焊接操作以使基体和密封件的接合部分是不透液体式接合而提供的组件可被利用，例如，作为一种车辆制动系统用液压控制装置或一种流体控制装置如车辆悬架的车辆高度调节装置的体部组件，或是作为用于容纳一种电子控制装置的印刷电路板的盒状体，上述焊接操作这样进行。上述组件也可用于一种其中能用热塑性树脂的结构，如在车辆内部元件中使用的一种盒状体，如车辆的一种音响系统和一种导航系统。
在可以采用热塑性树脂的地方，所述组件可以用作家用电器(如电视机，录像机，TV游戏机，玩具，空调，电话机，传真机，蜂窝式电话)，机床用的控制装置，和例如办公自动化(OA)机(如个人计算机)中用的盒状体。另外，该组件可以用作一种用于容纳上述那些装置中某些功能元件和装置的盒状体。
至少一个功能元件中的每个都可以设置在上述基体的表面上，或者功能元件的其中至少一部分可以安装在上述基体表面中所形成的凹槽中。功能元件可以安装到在基体表面上所形成的突起上，或者通过一个固定到基体表面上的固定件安装到基体上。另外，功能元件可以安装到封闭件上。在这种情况下，功能元件通过封闭件安装到基体上。
功能元件的一些例子是：电子控制装置，传感器，电磁阀，致动器如电机，机械结构，盒状体中的结构增强元件。
(2)按照上述方式(1)所述的组件，其中基体用一种金属制成。
基体可以用除金属之外的各种材料制成。例如，基体可以用一种合成树脂材料制成。然而，为了确保高机械强度，基体理想的是用按照这种方式(2)所述的金属制成。
(3)按照上述方式(2)所述的组件，其中上述基体的表面经受一种用于增加对封闭件热塑性树脂的亲和力或附着性的表面处理。
用金属制成的基体和用热塑性树脂制的封闭件可在使基体和封闭件的焊接表面清洁时以高接合强度焊接或接合。在上述基体表面已经受了用于增加对热塑性树脂的亲和力或附着性的表面处理时，基体和封闭件焊接或接合所具有的接合强度可显著增加，从而产生一种改善的组件可靠性。
(4)按照上述方式(1)-(3)中任一项所述的组件，其中封闭件具有一种容器状形并且是一种覆盖罩(cover)，所述覆盖罩在其中封闭件焊接到基体上的状态下，覆盖住该至少一个功能元件，使得所述基体和封闭件的接合部分是流体密封式接合。
封闭件可以是一种构件，所述构件具有一个包围或封闭功能元件的空心包围部分。尤其是封闭件具有一种容器状形状，所述容器状形状具有一个闭合所述包围部分相对的两个开口的其中之一并且是一个罩的闭合部分，所述罩盖住功能元件，并在另一个开口处接合或焊接到基体上，以使基体和罩的接合部分是不透液体式接合时，按照这个方式(4)，可有利地得到本发明的效果。这种设置允许用一种简化方式使罩的内部空间用高稳定性与罩的一个外部空间隔离。罩的内部空间可以充填一种气体如空气和氮气，或者充填一种液体如油或水。
(5)按照上述方式(1)-(4)中任一项所述的组件，其中所述至少一个功能元件包括至少一个车辆用液压操纵制动系统的液压控制装置的电磁阀，所述基体具有至少一个流体通路，所述流体通路形成在基体中并与所述至少一个电磁阀连通。
优选的是，将车辆用液压操纵制动系统的液压控制装置的一个电磁阀封闭在罩的内部空间中，所述罩的内部空间与罩的外部空间隔离，以使电磁阀防水。如果应用这种方式(5)，则可以降低的成本满足上述要求。
(6)按照上述方式(5)所述的阻件，其中所述液压操纵制动系统包括一个用于产生制动力以便调节所述车辆的一个车轮的旋转的制动缸，所述基体设置有作为所述至少一个功能元件的一个增压阀和一个减压阀，所述增压阀用于供给一种工作流体以增加制动缸中的压力，所述减压阀用于允许工作流体从制动缸中排出以减小制动缸中的压力，所述基体还设置有一个贮罐和一个泵的至少其中之一，所述贮罐用于贮存从该制动缸排出的工作流体，而所述泵用于将贮罐中的工作流体输送到增压阀。
为了降低制造成本，理想情况是，贮罐的工作流体存放室或用于液压泵的泵室由在基体中所形成的一个凹槽提供。换句话说，从降低制造成本的观点来看，优选的是，基体起起贮罐或液压泵的一个壳室其中一部分的作用。在这种情况下，贮罐或泵设置在与功能元件设置于其上的基体一侧不同的基体的另一侧上。
(7)一种组件，它包括一个基体，一个固定到该基体的一个表面上的第一构件和一个固定到该第一构件上的第二构件，其中该基体用一种激光不透过性材料制成，第一构件的靠近基体的一部分用一种具有激光透过性能的热塑性树脂制成，而第一构件的靠近第二构件的一部分用一种激光不透过性材料制成，该第二构件用一种具有激光透过性能的热塑性树脂制成，该第一构件和第二构件分别焊接到基体和第一构件上。
在生产按照这种方式所述的组件时，基体用一个激光束照射，所述激光束透过第一构件的靠近基体(第一构件的基体侧部分)并具有激光透过性能的其中一部分，以便在基体由激光照射的一部分处产生热量。第一构件靠近第二构件(第一构件的第二构件侧)并用激光不透过性材料制成的这部分用透过第二构件的激光束照射，所述第二构件具有激光透过性能，因此在第一构件用激光束照射的第二构件侧部分处产生热量。因为第一构件的基体侧部分和第二构件都是用热塑性树脂制成，所以至少与基体经过激光照射的加热部分接触的第一构件的基体侧部分的接触部分中的一部分、以及与第一构件的第二构件侧部分的经过激光照射的加热部分接触的第二构件的接触部分中的一部分都熔化，因此分别在相应的接触部分处，第一构件焊接或接合到基体上，和第二构件焊接或接合到第一构件上。
按照上述设置，在将第一构件焊接或接合到基体上和将第二构件焊接或接合到第一构件上的两种焊接操作中，可以使激光束的照射(入射)方向具有一个从第一和第二构件朝向基体的分量。这种设置在上述两种焊接操作中，省去了改变包括基体，第一构件和第二构件的预接合组件的姿势的必要。例如，预接合组件在焊接操作期间不需要翻转。另外，在焊接操作中，因为可以使待发射的激光束照射方向具有上述分量，所以不需要很大地改变焊接操作中所用的激光束发射装置的位置。因此，本设置能很方便地在接合第一构件和基体及接合第一构件和第二构件二者时利用一单个激光束发射装置。可供选择地，本设置可以通过采用多个激光束发射装置同时进行第一构件和基体的焊接操作及第一构件和第二构件的焊接操作。
关于上述方式(1)-(6)所述的特征可以适用于按照方式(7)所述的组件。
(8)一种组件，它包括一个基体，一个固定到基体的一个表面上的第一构件和一个固定到第一构件上的第二构件，其中该基体用一种激光不透过性材料制成，而第一和第二构件用一种具有激光透过性能的热塑性树脂制成，第一构件焊接到基体上，而第二构件焊接到第一构件上并在它们之间插置有一激光不透过性材料层。
在生产按照上述方式(8)所述的组件时，将激光不透过性材料制成的基体用一个透过具有激光透过性能的第一构件的激光束照射，以便在用激光束照射的基体其中一部分处产生热量。插在第一和第二构件之间的激光不透过性材料层用一个透过具有激光透过性能的第二构件的激光束照射，以在经过激光照射的该层中产生热量。因为第一和第二构件都用热塑性树脂制成，所以第一构件的部分和第二构件的一部分熔化，因此把第一构件焊接或接合到基体上，和把第二构件焊接到第一构件上。按照这个方式(8)所述的组件享有与关于上述方式(7)所述那些相同的优点。
上面关于上述方式(1)-(6)所述的特征可以应用于按照这个方式(8)所述的组件。
(9)一种生产一种组件的方法，所述组件包括一个基体，至少一个设置在该基体的一侧上的功能元件，和一个封闭件，所述封闭件固定到位于所述基体的一侧上的基体的一个表面上，以使封闭件封闭所述至少一个功能元件，其中该基体用一种金属制成，该封闭件用一种具有激光透过性能的热塑性树脂形成，基体用一透过该封闭件的激光束照射，以使得在基体中产生热量由此把封闭件焊接到基体上。
上面关于上述方式(1)和(2)所述的说明对这个方式(9)也正确。另外，上面关于上述方式(3)-(6)所述的特征可以适用于按照这个方式(9)所述的组件。
(10)一种生产一种组件的方法，所述组件包括一个基体，一个固定到该基体的一个表面上的第一构件和一个固定到该第一构件上的第二构件，其中该基体用一种激光不透过性材料制成，第一构件的靠近基体的一部分用一种具有激光透过性能的热塑性树脂制成，而第一构件的靠近第二构件的一部分用一种激光不透过性材料制成，第二构件用一种具有激光透过性能的热塑性树脂制成，基体用一透过第一构件的靠近基体的所述一部分的激光束照射，以由此使第一构件和基体相互焊接，而第一构件的靠近第二构件的所述一部分用一透过第二构件的激光束照射，以由此使第二构件和第一构件相互焊接。
上面关于上述方式(7)所述的说明对这个方式(10)也正确。另外，如果用术语“第一构件”代替术语“封闭件”，则上面关于方式(2)-(6)所述的特征例如可以适用于按照这个方式(10)所述的生产方法。
(11)一种生产一种组件的方法，所述组件包括一个基体，一个固定到基体的一个表面上的第一构件和一个固定到第一构件上的第二构件，其中该基体用一种激光不透过性材料制成，该第一和第二构件用一种具有激光透过性能的热塑性树脂制成，基体用一透过第一构件的激光束照射，以由此使第一构件和基体相互焊接，而将插置在第一和第二构件之间的一激光不透光性材料层用一透过第二构件的激光束照射，以由此使第一和第二构件相互焊接。
上面关于上述方式(8)的说明对这个方式(11)也正确。另外，如果用术语“第一构件”代替术语“封闭件”，则关于上述方式(2)-(6)的上述特征，例如可以适用于按照这个方式(11)所述的生产方法。
附图说明
图1是示出一种防抱死制动系统电路图的视图，所述防抱死制动系统包括一种按照本发明所述的液压控制装置；
图2是示出该液压控制装置外观的视图；
图3是示出该液压控制装置的局部剖视的前视图；
图4是示出该在生产液压控制装置中所用的一种工件保持和移动装置的平面图；
图5是示出在套管(casing)的不同位置处，透过套管的激光束的不同光程长度的示意图；
图6是示出按照本发明另一种液压控制装置的局部剖视的前视图；
图7是示出按照本发明另一种液压控制装置的局部剖视的前视图；
图8是示出按照本发明另一种液压控制装置的局部剖视的前视图；
图9是示出按照本发明另一种液压控制装置的局部剖视的前视图。
具体实施方式
按照本发明所述的液压控制装置具有一个体部组件，其中设置了多个用于增加和减少液压的功能元件和其它元件。首先将简要说明一种包括液压控制装置的汽车防抱死制动系统。然后，将详细说明液压控制装置的体部组件。
在图1中，标号10代表一个刹车踏板，所述刹车踏板10通过一个助力器12连接到一个主缸14上。主缸14属于串联型，具有两个串联安装的加压室，在上述两个加压室中产生相等的制动压力。
本制动系统属于一种X-管道型，其中相互独立的两个管道系统安装成“X”状形式。在第一管道系统中，将主缸14其中一个压力室连接到一个制动缸26上，以用于通过一个流体通路20、一个常开电磁阀22和一个流体通路24制动左后轮RL，并且还连接到一个制动缸36上，以用于通过流体通路20、一个流体通路30、一个常开电磁阀32和一个流体通路34制动前右轮FR。在第二管道系统中，将主缸14的另一个压力室连接到一个制动缸46上，以用于通过一个流体通路40、一个常开电磁阀42和一个流体通路44制动左前轮FL，并且还连接到一个制动缸54上，以用于通过流体通路40、一个流体通路48、一个常开电磁阀50和一个流体通路52制动右后轮RR。
在第一管道系统中，流体通路24和流体通路34分别通过一个常闭电磁阀60和一个常闭电磁阀62连接到一个贮罐64上。贮罐64连接到泵66的吸入口上，同时泵66的输出口连接到流体通路20上。在第二管道系统中，流体通路44和流体通路52分别通过一个常闭电磁阀68和一个常闭电磁阀70连接到一个贮罐72上。贮罐72连接到泵74的吸入口上，同时泵74的输出口连接到流体通路40上。两个泵66、74用一个共同的驱动电机76驱动。
在上述本制动系统中，例如用于左后轮RL的制动压力，当电磁阀22、60二者置于非通电状态时(该压力)增加，当只有电磁阀22置于通电状态时保持在恒定水平，而当电磁阀22、60二者都置于通电状态时减少。用于其它车轮的制动压力用同样方法控制。也就是说，根据合适的两个电磁阀各种工作状态的组合，选择性地形成用于每个车轮的制动压力的压力增加、压力保持和压力降低状态的其中合适的一种。为了简化说明起见，分别把为形成制动压力的压力增加、压力保持和压力降低状态而供给到相应电磁阀螺线管上的电流状态以后分别称之为“供给增压电流状态”、“供给保持压力(保压)电流状态”和“供给减压电流状态”。
用于实施防抱死控制的本制动系统部分在该技术中是已知的，因而这里只作简要说明。本制动系统包括一个电子控制装置80，所述电子控制装置80对由4个车轮转速传感器100、102、104、106输入的信号进行处理，以便监测4个车轮的转速。当制动灯开关110接通并检测到刹车踏板10被压下时，判断4个车轮之中每个是否在该车轮中产生一种抱死趋势。当检测出在一个车轮中有抱死趋势时，将用于控制该车轮制动压力的两个阀置于供给减压电流状态，以便进行上述两个阀的打开和闭合来降低用于该车轮的制动缸的制动压力，由此消除该车轮的抱死趋势。当判断该车轮的抱死趋势消除时，在解除制动压力的减压状态之后，将两个阀置于供给保压电流状态，以便车轮的转速继续降低，而同时使制动压力保持在保压状态。如果判断制动力不足，则将两个阀置于供给增压电流状态，以便使制动压力逐渐增加直至达到制动力最佳的程度。上述控制是在踩下刹车踏板10的一段时间里进行，以便控制车轮不发生车轮抱死，而同时通过将控制制动压力选择性地置于增压、保压和减压状态的其中之一而防止制动力减少。
<复合套管型组件>
接着，将说明按照本发明所述构造的液压控制装置，该装置在图1中用标号190表示。液压控制装置190取一个单元的形式，其中安装了若干功能元件如电磁阀、流体通路等(包括在图1中用点划线封闭的区域中)。如图2的示意图中所示，液压控制装置190具有一个体部组件192，所述体部组件192包括一个作为基体的壳体200；一个作为封闭件或第一构件的套管202；及一个作为第二构件的盖204。在用一种金属如钢或铝合金制成的壳体200中，形成有多个流体通路，并将若干功能元件设置在壳体200的合适部分处。电子控制装置80安装在由壳体200、套管202和盖204所限定的一个内部空间中。在这种情况下，可以认为，套管202和盖204的整体相当于封闭件。
图2示意地示出液压控制装置190的外观。壳体200的上表面已经受一种表面处理，以用于增加对树脂的亲和力或附着性。将用一种热塑性树脂制成并具有4个壁206和两个轴向上相对的开口的套管202焊接或接合到壳体200的上表面上。将用一种热塑性树脂制成的盖204焊接或接合到套管202上，以便盖住套管202两个开口中远离壳体200的其中之一整个开口(上面开口)。位于壳体200上方的一个空间用一个由套管202和盖204组成的覆盖罩盖住，以便使壳体200和覆盖罩相互接合，使得壳体200和覆盖罩的接合部分是液密性接合在一起。在说明中，尽管把如图2和3中所看到的上侧称之为液压控制装置190的上侧，但装置190不必以在如图2和3所示的姿势使用。
电磁阀这样安装在壳体200上，以使每个阀的一个阀部分设置在壳体200内，和一个螺线管部分从壳体200向上突出。在图3中，示出两个电磁阀22、60作为代表性例子。在相应电磁阀22、60的上端上，设置了若干连接到阀22、60电磁线圈上的接线端子210。各接线端子210焊接到各连接件212上。电磁阀22、60的接线端子210通过连接件212连接到电子控制装置80上，上述连接件212固定到套管202壁的内表面上。
盖204用一种激光透过性树脂制成。在接合或焊接盖204和套管202时，从盖204上侧发射的激光束透过盖204，以便套管202的上表面用激光束照射。套管202包括一个上面部分216和一个下面部分218，上述上面部分216和下面部分218具有相互不同的激光透过性能。套管202用双层注塑法生产，其中首先注塑具有相互不同的激光透过性能的两种树脂材料的其中之一，和随后注塑另一种树脂材料。套管202的上面部分206用一种激光吸收性树脂制成，并吸收入射于其上的激光束，因此在上面部分216的经过激光照射的部分中产生热量，并且该部分被熔化或熔融。在上面部分216的经过激光照射的部分中所产生的热量传播到盖204，因此盖204与套管202上面部分216的激光照射加热部分接触的一部分接触部分熔化，因而使盖204和套管202相互焊接在一起。套管202的下面部分218由激光透过性树脂形成。在接合或焊接套管202和壳体200时，一个相对于壳体200上表面斜着入射的激光束透过套管202的下面部分218，以便用激光束照射壳体200位于套管202下方的上表面。因此，热量在壳体200的激光照射的上表面中产生，并且产生的热量传播到下面部分218上，因此使套管202下面部分218与壳体200经过激光照射加热的上表面接触的其中一部分接触部分熔化。因为壳体200的上表面已经受过用于增加对树脂的亲和力或附着性的表面处理，所以已经熔化的下面部分218的上述接触部分固化，并牢牢地固定到壳体200的上表面上。因此，套管202和壳体200相互焊接或接合成具有足够高的接合强度。
下面参见图4，将说明一种工件保持和移动装置220，上述工件保持和移动装置220包括一个用于保持液压控制装置190的体部组件192的工件保持装置和一个用于移动和旋转上述体部组件192的工件移动装置。设置在供X轴工作台226用的一个导向件224上的X轴工作台226通过一个X轴工作台移动装置228在X轴方向上移动，而设置在X轴工作台226上的一个Y轴工作台230通过一个Y轴工作台移动装置232在Y轴方向上移动，因而Y轴工作台230在X-Y方向上移动。X轴工作台226、导向件224、X轴工作台移动装置228、Y轴工作台230和Y轴工作台移动装置232协同操作而构成一个X-Y方向移动装置。设置在Y轴工作台230上的一个工件工作台234通过工件工作台旋转装置236绕该工件工作台234的轴线旋转。工件工作台234和工件工作台旋转装置236协同操作构成一个工件旋转装置。X-Y方向移动装置和工件旋转装置协同操作构成用于移动和旋转液压控制装置190的体部组件192的工件移动装置。在工件工作台234上，设置了4个定位突起(突起部)238作为一种定位装置。壳体200这样相对于工件工作台234的中心定位，以便壳体200被4个定位突起238包围。代替定位突起238，在工件工作台234中可以设置一个壳体200可装配到其中的凹槽。另外，代替工件工作台234，可以设置一个夹盘装置，壳体200可通过上述夹盘装置夹紧和保持。
在Y轴工作台203上，设置一个工件固定装置240，并通过工件固定装置240把置于工件工作台234上的液压控制装置190体部组件192的盖204上表面向下压紧，以便盖204和套管202相对于壳体200固定式定位，而不相对于壳体200移动。将工件固定装置240的一个臂驱动装置242固定在Y轴工作台上。臂驱动装置242允许一个朝向工件工作台234中心延伸的臂244在一垂直方向上移动，并可绕臂驱动装置242的一个垂直延伸的轴线枢轴旋转。臂244在它的前端处设置一个保持轴246，以使保持轴246可在一垂直方向上向上移动，和使保持轴246通过一个压缩盘簧在垂直方向上向下偏移。通过一个轴承用保持轴246将一个旋转板248保持，以便旋转板248可绕其轴线平稳地旋转。液压控制装置190体部组件192的盖204的上表面在旋转板248与工件工作台234的旋转轴相互对准的情况下通过旋转板248向下压。当体部组件192与工件工作台234一起旋转时，旋转板248也旋转。作为一种定位装置的4个定位突起238与工件固定装置240协同操作构成工件保持装置，所述工件保持装置使体部组件192相对于工件工作台234定位，并将体部组件192保持在适当位置。优选的是，壳体200和套管202具有相互接合部分，在所述相互接合部分处，壳体200和套管202被保持相互接合，以使壳体200和套管202彼此相对定位。同样，优选的是，套管202和盖204具有相互接合部分，在所述相互接合部分处，套管202和盖204被保持相互接合，以便套管202和盖204彼此相对定位。在本设置中，体部组件192保持处于其中盖204，套管202和壳体200在垂直方向上叠置的姿势/状态，使得盖204位于体部组件192的最上面位置处，而壳体200位于最下面位置处，如图2和3中所示。保持成上述姿势的体部组件192通过工件移动装置移动。体部组件192不一定被保持处于其中盖204位于其最上面位置的姿势。在使用与上述不同的一种工件保持和移动装置时，焊接操作可以在保持这样一种姿势的体部组件192上进行，在上述姿势中盖204，套管202和壳体200在横向或水平方向上设置。焊接操作可以在保持其中体部组件192是倾斜的姿势或者是在保持其中盖204位于体部组件192最下面位置处的姿势的体部组件192上进行。
在体部组件192上的焊接操作例如用下述方式进行。各种功能元件设置于其中的壳体200通过各定位突起238，相对于如图4所示的工件保持和移动装置的工件工作台234定位，以使壳体200位于工件工作台234的中央部分处。在放于工件保持和移动装置上的壳体200上，套管202和盖204按这个顺序放置，并通过工件固定装置240压到壳体200上。在这种状态下，通过支承件214设置在套管202上的多个连接件212和设置在壳体200上的多个电磁阀22、60等的接线端子210保持相互接触(如图3所示)。
首先，将说明用于焊接或接合套管202和壳体200的焊接操作。如图3所示，激光束发射装置250位于套管202的外部，使得激光束发射装置250朝套管202的每个壁206的一个外表面256和壳体200上表面的一个交叉线处发射激光束。若详细说明，激光束发射装置250这样设置，即待发射的激光束与该交叉线260垂直，并且由激光束光轴264和壳体200上表面所限定的角度是例如60°。激光发射装置250的位置和激光束照射的方向调节如下：激光束发射装置250的焦点位于壳体200的上表面上。从激光束发射装置250所发射的激光束照射区域是一种预定的椭圆形形状，并且该椭圆形区域，亦即激光束的光点主轴的长度相当于套管202壁206厚度的40-80％。激光束光点主轴的长度根据用于接合套管202和壳体200所需的强度、激光束发射装置250的输出等确定。当希望时，可以将套管202和壳体200焊接表面的其中一部分焊接在一起或者可以焊接整个焊接表面。
套管202的下面部分218用激光透过性树脂制成。因为激光透过性树脂具有某种程度的激光吸收性能，所以透过激光透过性树脂的激光束衰减。由于这个原因，将壳体200的上表面与激光束的光轴264交叉点266的位置确定，以便减轻或减少由透过激光透过性树脂的光束光程长不同所引起的激光束衰减的影响。图5示意示出壳体200的上述接触部分268和激光束。当激光束从大气入射到树脂上并进入树脂时，激光束在套管202的壁206外表面256处折射，上述外表面是空气和树脂之间的边界。如图5中所示，激光束从壳体200的上侧发射，并相对于套管202的壁206外表面256成一个斜角入射。因此，透过壁206的激光束光程长度在靠近其处表面256的壁206的右手侧(如在图3和5中所看到的)处比在最接近壁206的一个内表面270的壁206左手侧处短。因此，壳体200上表面的接触部分268，在其相应于壁206右手侧的外面部分和在其相应于壁206左手侧的内部部分处，受到所产生热量变化的影响。亦即，所产生的热量在接触部分268的外侧部分处比在其内侧部分处大。为了减轻或补偿在上述接触部分268上所产生的热量变化的影响，当需要时，控制工件保持和移动装置220的运动，以便激光束的光轴264和接触部分268的交叉点266位于接触部分268上一个位置处，所述位置比接触部分268的一个宽度上中间位置(在图5中用“M”表示)更靠近套管202壁206的内表面270。
因为套管202的下面部分218用一种激光透过性树脂制成，所以激光束很少有可能在下面部分218处被吸收。因此，大部分发射的激光束都透过套管202的壁206，并到达壳体200上表面的接触部分268(如图3和5中所示)，因此激光束在接触部分268处被吸收，因而相应于激光束光点的接触部分268经过激光照射的部分和位于该经过激光照射的部分附近的一部分被加热。因为壳体200用金属制成并且热导率高，所以有相当大一部分所产生的热量朝激光束光点的周围部分扩散。然而，其中一部分产生的热量传播到套管202的下表面，以致套管202的下表面熔化。当激光束的光点以一恒速移动时，接触壳体200上表面的熔化树脂冷却，并在壳体200的上表面上固化。随着壳体200和套管202通过工件保持和移动装置220沿着交叉线260以恒定速度运动，而同时壳体200和套管202用激光束照射，套管202和壳体200待用激光束加热的部分以恒速运动，以便套管202处于加热状态的部分熔化，和然后套管202处于熔化状态的部分冷却和固化。待加热和熔化的套管202部分随着激光束光点的运动而移位。工件保持和移动装置220和激光束光点的相对运动，根据预定的控制程序，通过控制X轴工作台移动装置228，Y轴工作台移动装置232和工作台旋转装置236进行。当激光束的光点沿着并遍及壳体200上表面的接触部分268上的一个闭合线移动时，将套管202焊接或接合到壳体200上的焊接操作完成。
下面，将说明用于焊接或接合套管202和盖204的焊接操作。将盖204置于焊到壳体200上的套管202上，所述壳体200固定地定位在工件保持和移动装置220上，并通过工件固定装置240压到套管202上。激光束发射装置250位于盖204的上方，以使激光束朝向下的方向发射，并且使激光束入射在套管202每个壁206上表面的接触部分272的一个宽度方向中间部分上，上述套管202每个壁206上表面的接触部分272与盖204下表面的接触部分274接触，并在该处将套管202焊接到盖204上。激光束发射装置250与接触部分272之间的距离和激光束的焦距通过移动激光束发射装置250调节，以使激光束光点的直径等于一个对壁206上表面所确定的值(比如，壁206厚度的40％-80％)。当激光束从装置250朝接触部分272发射时，激光束透过或者穿过用激光透过性树脂制成的盖204，并到达由激光不透过性树脂所形成的接触部分272。激光束在接触部分272经过激光照射的部分中被吸收，并将经过激光照射的部分和位于该经过激光照射的部分附近的周边部分加热。产生的热量传播到盖204，以使一部分套管202的接触部分272和一部分盖204的接触部分274熔化，并使熔化的树脂混合在一起。当激光束的光点以恒速沿着接触部分272的纵向方向移动时，熔化的树脂温度降低，因此熔化的树脂固化。当激光束的光点沿着并遍及接触部分272上的一个闭合线移动时，用于焊接盖204和套管202的焊接操作完成。此后，将工件固定装置240从盖204上撤回，并对接线端子210和连接件214进行激光焊接。用于焊接接线端子210和连接件214的焊接操作与本发明的原理没有直接关系，因而其详细说明略去。然而，应该注意，从盖204的上侧朝向下方向发射的激光束透过盖204，并到达处接线端子210和连接件214焊接在一起的焊接部分，而同时没有显著衰减，因为盖204用激光透过性树脂制成。
<吸收层插置式组件>
下面参见图6，将说明也按照本发明所述构造的吸收层插入式组件。这种包括壳体200和一些功能元件的组件结构与上述复合套管型组件的相同，只是这个组件具有一个其整体用一激光透过性树脂形成的套管300，及只是用一种激光吸收性树脂膜304使盖204和套管300相互焊接或接合在一起，上述激光吸收性树脂膜304插在盖204和套管300之间并且具有一种与套管300横向剖面形状相同的形状，因此树脂膜304起一种激光吸收层的作用。盖204经由激光吸收性树脂膜304安置在套管300上，并通过工件固定装置240被向下压。激光吸收性树脂膜304的厚度优选的是保持在0.1mm-1mm范围内，更优选的是保持在0.3mm-0.7mm范围内。在膜304具有1mm厚度的地方，激光吸收性树脂膜304的激光束吸收率优选的是不小于40％，更优选的是不小于60％，最优选的是80％或更多。
用于焊接或接合壳体200和套管300的焊接操作与上述复合套管式组件的操作相同，并将其详细说明略去。下面将说明用于焊接或接合盖204和套管300的焊接操作。在一种与上述类似的方法中，激光束从激光束发射装置250发射，所述激光束发射装置位于套管300上表面的接触部分272的正上方。激光束透过用激光透过性树脂形成的盖204并到达激光吸收性树脂膜304。对应于激光束光点的一部分激光吸收性树脂膜304和在激光束光点附近的一部分膜304被加热并熔化，而与膜304经过加热部分接触的套管300接触部分272和盖204接触部分274的相应部分熔化到某种程度。盖204、套管300和膜304的熔化树脂混合在一起。随着激光束的光点的移动，熔化树脂的温度降低，并因此该熔化树脂固化。因为对图6组件的上述说明之外的组件说明与对复合套管型组件的上述说明相同，所以不再进一步说明。
<盖套管整体型组件>
下面参见图7，将说明一种也按照本发明构造的盖-套管整体型组件。这种包括壳体200和若干功能元件的组件结构与上述复合套管型组件的结构相同，只是在这个组件中，将其中一个盖和一个套管作为一个整体构件设置并用一种激光透过性树脂制成的一个覆盖罩310焊接或接合到壳体200上。覆盖罩310安放在壳体200上，并通过工件固定装置240压靠着壳体200。一种在其中通过用激光发射装置250使壳体200和覆盖罩310相互焊接或接合的方式与上面对复合套管型组件所述的方式相同，因此其详细说明略去。在覆盖罩310接合到壳体200上之后，从覆盖罩310撤回工件固定装置240，并通过激光束将若干接线端子210和连接件212焊接在一起。在这种情况下，激光束从位于覆盖罩310上方的发射装置250垂直向下朝覆盖罩310方向发射。因为覆盖罩310是用激光透过性树脂制成，所以激光束在覆盖罩310中很少会衰减，因而激光束透过覆盖罩310，并到达各接线端子210和连接件212所焊接在一起的部分处。
<焊接条件、材料等>
在上述三种组件中所应用的焊接条件、材料等如下所述。
在焊接套管202、300和壳体200，覆盖罩310和壳体200，及套管202、300和盖204中所用的激光束是例如半导体激光器或者YAG(钇铝石榴石)—钕激光器。激光器照射条件例如根据激光束用于焊接于其上的对象材料、将各对象焊接在一起所希望的强度、激光透过性树脂的透射率、激光在激光透过性树脂中的光程长及其它因素决定。在上述各组件中，采用其波长保持在800nm-940nm范围内的半导体激光器。例如，在焊接盖204和套管202、300时，激光束的输出为200W，和激光束的移动速度为4m/min。在焊接套管202、300或覆盖罩310和壳体200时，例如，激光束的输出为500W，和激光束的移动速度为4m/min。
在焊接套管202和壳体200时，激光束例如相对于套管202下表面的入射角优选的是比一全反射角小，更优选的是接近0°。如果假定，树脂相对于激光束的折射率，与空气相对于激光束的折射率二者的比值(树脂折射率/空气折射率)为1.3，则在激光束从树脂内部进入树脂和空气之间边界面的情况下，全反射角约为50°。因此，在上述假定下，在树脂内部由激光束和套管202下表面所限定的角度大于约40°。同样，例如在焊接或接合盖204和套管202时，激光束相对于盖204下表面的入射角优选的是比全反射角小，更优选的是接近0°。
盖204、套管202的下面部分218、套管300和覆盖罩310的激光透过性树脂(或者简称之为透过性树脂)，例如优选的是一种热塑性树脂，所述热塑性树脂具有高激光(束)透过性能，并且例如是从聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(以后称之为PBT)，聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(以后称之为PET)，和聚酰胺中选定。也可以应用上述那些树脂之外的一些热塑性树脂。另外，可以应用其中加入一种增强纤维如玻璃纤维或碳纤维、一种填料如无机粉料、或一种着色剂的热塑性树脂。激光透过性树脂优选的是当激光束到达焊接表面时测量到的透射率不小于10％，更优选的是不小于15％，而最优选的是20％或更大。在上述组件中，采用加30％玻璃纤维的热塑性树脂PBT作为激光透过性树脂。
作为套管202上面部分216的激光吸收性树脂(或者简称之为吸收性树脂)，例如，优选的是应用其中加入碳黑或一种着色剂如染料或颜料的上述激光透过性树脂，以便增加激光束的吸收率。另外，可以另外加入增强纤维如玻璃纤维或碳纤维，和填料如无机粉料。在上述组件中，采用加入30％玻璃纤维和碳黑的PBT作为激光吸收性树脂。在激光吸收性层的厚度为1mm时，激光吸收性树脂优选的是具有吸收率为不小于30％，更优选的是不小于50％，和最优选的是70％或更多。尽管激光吸收性树脂膜304优选的是一种与上述激光吸收性树脂相同种类的树脂，但材料的量和种类可以改变，或者可以应用一种不同种类的激光吸收性树脂，只要盖204和套管202能通过膜304相互焊接或接合就行。
在上述组件中，壳体200用铝合金制成，并且至少其上表面的接触部分268优选的是经受电化学处理，如用三嗪类化合物如三嗪硫醇衍生物电镀。可供选择地，壳体200可以用不锈钢或镀镍钢形成，并且至少其上表面的接触部分268优选的是经受上述用三嗪类化合物如三嗪硫醇衍生物进行电化学处理。另外，壳体200可以用铝合金制成，并且至少其上表面的接触部分268优选的是经受一种铬酸盐处理、一种使用磷酸铬处理，或一种使用磷酸锌的处理。而且，壳体200可以用钢形成，并且至少其上表面的接触部分268优选的是经受使用磷酸锌的处理或使用磷酸钙锌的处理。在壳体200用铝合金或不锈钢制成、并且至少其上表面的接触部分268经受用一种硅烷偶合剂如γ-缩水甘油氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷进行表面处理时，壳体200显示改善的耐水性。这种壳体200可以在本发明中优选采用。
<其它组件>
下面参见图8，图8示出了另一种组件，所述组件的结构与图3中组件的结构相同，只是图8的组件具有的套管320与图3的套管202不同之处在于在下面部分326上形成一个凸缘321，以使凸缘321从下面部分326的外表面向外伸出。由于提供了凸缘321，所以可以使激光束和壳体200上表面的接触部分268所限定的角度变大。本发明中所用的热塑性树脂具有比空气大的折射率，并且由透过该树脂的入射光束和接触部分268所限定的角度如图5所示，由于折射，而变得比当光束不透过树脂时该入射光束照射接触部分268时入射光束和接触部分268所限定的角度小。如果凸缘321具有一个入射表面322，激光束入射在上述入射表面322上，并且入射表面322由一个相对于套管的壁206外表面256的垂直平面倾斜的斜面构成，入射光束在入射表面322处不折射，或者在入射表面322处光束的折射角可以变小。另外，根据激光束的入射角或者入射表面322的倾斜角(尽管入射表面322可以是水平的)，可以使由透过树脂的入射光束和壳体200上表面的接触部分268所限定的角度比当光束不透过树脂时该入射光束照射接触部分268时入射光束和接触部分268所限定的角度大。
套管320和壳体200这样保持在适当位置，以使套管320的下表面和壳体200上表面的接触部分268保持相互压紧接触。然而，在一种显微观点下，套管320的下表面和壳体200上表面的接触部分268不完全光滑，而是具有微小不均匀性或不规则性。因此，在相应表面的界面之间，存在有些部分其表面保持处于紧密接触，而有些部分形成空间，在上述空间中存在空气。如果假定树脂相对于激光束的折射率与空气相对于激光束的折射率二者的比值为1.3，则在光束从树脂内部透射到大气中时的全反射角约为50°(当由光束和接触部分268所限定的角度为约40°时)。在理论上，如果入射角大于全反射角，则入射光束被全反射。如果入射角大于全反射角(当由光束和接触部分268所限定的角度小于约40°时)，则由于全反射，在上述套管320的下表面和壳体200的接触部分268的相应表面不保持紧密接触的部分处，造成了激光束的能量损失。尽管可以认为，由于全反射所产生的影响随着熔化的树脂充填套管320的下表面和壳体200的接触部分268之间的空间而减少，但如果使入射角变得小于全反射角，则可以改善的效率加热壳体200。尤其是在套管320下表面和壳体200上表面的接触部分268二者的不均匀性程度比较大，并因此这些表面在其许多局部部分不相互接触的地方，或是希望在不显著增加激光束发射装置250的输出情况下增加加热效率时，使入射角变得小于全反射角是有效的。
入射表面322相对于壁206外表面256的垂直平面的倾斜角适当地根据待用激光束照射的位置，相对于壳体200上表面的接触部分268的照射角等确定。入射表面322的宽度尺寸优选的是通过考虑激光束的直径确定。代替通过形成凸缘321提供入射表面322，可以在套管330中形成一个凹槽336，如图9的一个组件中所示，上述图9中的组件也按照本发明所述构造。入射表面322不限于平表面，而且可以是一种弯曲表面。图9的套管330相应于上述套管300。套管330的整体用激光透过性树脂制成。套管330和盖204在激光吸收性树脂膜304插入它们之间的情况下相互焊接或接合。
通过形成突起如上述凸缘321或凹槽336，来设置由平的或弯曲的表面所构成的入射表面322，可以应用于如上所述构造的所有套管，覆盖罩和盖。根据待生产的组件结构和构形，适当地设置入射表面322作为一种导入光束部分用于调节光束的前进方向，以便增加在确定激光束照射位置和照射角时的自由度，同时能在具有各种结构和构形的组件上进行激光焊接或接合。
设置如上所述形成的凸缘321对增加套管320下面表面的面积(亦即焊接面积)是有效的，在上述面积处将套管320接合到壳体200的上表面上。焊接面积的增加可确保套管320和壳体200相互接合具有一高接合强度。图8的组件的套管320相应于上述套管202，并具有一个用激光吸收性树脂制成的上面部分324和一个用激光透过性树脂制成的下面部分326。从增加焊接面积的观点来看，套管202、300等可以在其待接合到盖204上的一部分处，设置一个与凸缘321相同的凸缘或者一个在套管壁内表面上形成的向内凸缘。另外，覆盖罩310在其待接合到壳体200的一部分处可以设置一个与凸缘321相同的凸缘。在那些设置中，焊接操作可以用与上述相同的方式进行。在单一激光束的光点面积不足以接合盖204或壳体200和套管时，可以通过改变照射角或照射位置进行两次焊接操作。
在上述各组件中，套管202、300和覆盖罩310在横截面上具有一种四边形形状。套管和覆盖罩可以具有一个其横截面4个角倒角的四边形形状或者任何其它形状如圆形形状。另外，套管和覆盖罩可以具有一种横截面形状，其中套管和覆盖罩的部分可以形成空心或向内凹，或向外突出或延伸。倘若激光束以一种其中激光束保持有效能量的状态下，到达壳体200上表面接触套管202等下表面的接触部分268，则套管和覆盖罩可以具有任何横截面形状。另外，套管的壁206可以不垂直于壳体200的上表面。尽管在生产上述组件时激光束是入射在套管每个壁的外表面上，但如果套管内的内部空间具有一个能让激光束入射在套管壁的内表面上的空间，则激光束可以入射在套管壁的内表面上。盖204不限于简单的平面形状，而可以是任何其它形状如碟状形状。在盖204具有上述其它各种形状时，可以提供具有凸缘的盖。
在用于上述三种组件的焊接或接合壳体200和套管202等，及焊接盖204和套管202等的焊接操作中，液压控制装置190的体部组件192相对于激光束发射装置250移动。激光束发射装置250可以相对于体部组件192移动，或者体部组件192和激光发射装置250二者可以彼此相对移动。在这些情况下，移动包括转移(或移动或移位)和旋转的至少其中之一。换句话说，焊接操作可以用这样一种装置进行，所述装置在三维空间中允许体部组件192和发射装置250彼此相对进行转移和旋转的至少其中之一。
尽管详细说明了本发明的一些优选实施例仅用于举例说明的目的，但应该理解，本发明可以用各种改变，如在发明内容中所述的那些改变实施，上述改变对该技术的技术人员来说都可以进行。

Claims (11)

1.一种组件，它包括一个基体，至少一个设置在该基体的一侧上的功能元件，和一个封闭件，所述封闭件固定到位于该基体的所述一侧上的该基体的一个表面上，以便封闭件封闭所述至少一个功能元件，其中
该封闭件用一种激光透过性材料制成，该基体用一种激光不透过性材料制成，该基体和该封闭件的至少其中之一用一种热塑性树脂制成，该基体和该封闭件相互焊接。
2.按照权利要求1所述的组件，其特征在于，所述基体用一种金属制成。
3.按照权利要求2所述的组件，其特征在于，所述基体的表面经受一种用于增加对所述封闭件的热塑性树脂的亲和力或附着性的表面处理。
4.按照权利要求1-3中任一项所述的组件，其特征在于，所述封闭件具有一种容器状形状并且是一种覆盖罩，所述覆盖罩在该封闭件焊接到所述基体上的状态下，覆盖住所述至少一个功能元件，使得所述基体和所述封闭件的接合部分是流体密封式接合。
5.按照权利要求1-4中任一项所述的组件，其特征在于，所述至少一个功能元件包括至少一个车辆用液压操纵制动系统的液压控制装置的电磁阀，所述基体具有至少一个流体通路，所述流体通路形成在所述基体中并与所述至少一个电磁阀连通。
6.按照权利要求5所述的组件，其特征在于，所述液压操纵制动系统包括一个用于产生制动力以便调节所述车辆的一个车轮的旋转的制动缸，所述基体设置有作为所述至少一个功能元件的一个增压阀和一个减压阀，所述增压阀用于供给一种工作流体以增加所述制动缸中的压力，所述减压阀用于允许所述工作流体从所述制动缸中排出以减小所述制动缸中的压力，所述基体还设置有一个贮罐和一个泵的至少其中之一，所述贮罐用于贮存从所述制动缸排出的工作流体，而所述泵用于将所述贮罐中的工作流体输送到所述增压阀。
7.一种组件，它包括一个基体，一个固定到该基体的一个表面上的第一构件和一个固定到该第一构件上的第二构件，其中
该基体用一种激光不透过性材料制成，该第一构件的靠近该基体的一部分用一种具有激光透过性能的热塑性树脂制成，而该第一构件的靠近该第二构件的一部分用一种激光不透过性材料制成，该第二构件用一种具有激光透过性能的热塑性树脂制成，该第一构件和该第二构件分别焊接到该基体和该第一构件上。
8.一种组件，它包括一个基体，一个固定到该基体的一个表面上的第一构件和一个固定到该第一构件上的第二构件，其中
该基体用一种激光不透过性材料制成，而该第一和该第二构件用一种具有激光透过性能的热塑性树脂制成，该第一构件焊接到该基体上，而该第二构件焊接到该第一构件上并在它们之间插置有一激光不透过性材料层。
9.一种用于生产一种组件的方法，所述组件包括一个基体，至少一个设置在该基体的一侧上的功能元件，和一个封闭件，所述封闭件固定到位于该基体的所述一侧上的该基体的一个表面上，以使该封闭件封闭所述至少一个功能元件，其中
该基体用一种金属制成，该封闭件用一种具有激光透过性能的热塑性树脂制成，该基体用一透过该封闭件的激光束照射，以使得在该基体中产生热量由此把该封闭件焊接到该基体上。
10.一种生产一种组件的方法，所述组件包括一个基体，一个固定到该基体的一个表面上的第一构件和一个固定到该第一构件上的第二构件，其中
该基体用一种激光不透过性材料制成，该第一构件的靠近该基体的一部分用一种具有激光透过性能的热塑性树脂制成，而该第一构件的靠近该第二构件的一部分用一种激光不透过性材料制成，该第二构件用一种具有激光透过性能的热塑性树脂制成，该基体用一透过该第一构件的靠近该基体的所述一部分的激光束照射，以由此使该第一构件和该基体相互焊接，而该第二构件的靠近该第一构件的所述一部分用一透过该第二构件的激光束照射，以由此使该第二构件和该第一构件相互焊接。
11.一种生产一种组件的方法，所述组件包括一个基体，一个固定到该基体的一个表面上的第一构件和一个固定到该第一构件上的第二构件，其中该基体用一种激光不透过性材料制成，该第一和该第二构件用一种具有激光透过性能的热塑性树脂制成，基体用一透过第一构件的激光束照射，以由此使第一构件和基体相互焊接，而将一层插置在该第一和该第二构件之间的一激光不透光性材料层用一透过该第二构件的激光束照射，以由此使该第一和该第二构件相互焊接。
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