CN1535152A - 二膦酸类化合物在治疗疼痛方面的应用 - Google Patents
二膦酸类化合物在治疗疼痛方面的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1535152A CN1535152A CNA018197841A CN01819784A CN1535152A CN 1535152 A CN1535152 A CN 1535152A CN A018197841 A CNA018197841 A CN A018197841A CN 01819784 A CN01819784 A CN 01819784A CN 1535152 A CN1535152 A CN 1535152A
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- Prior art keywords
- acid
- phosphonic acid
- ethylhexyl phosphonic
- diphosphonic acids
- treatment
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Abstract
本发明公开了疼痛治疗方法,尤其是抗伤害感受或抗异常性疼痛的疼痛治疗方法,其包括给需要此治疗的患者,如骨质疏松或骨质减少患者、肿瘤患者或炎症疾病患者施用有效量的二膦酸类化合物,如唑来膦酸或其盐或水合物。
Description
本发明涉及药物组合物及其应用,尤其是包含二膦酸类化合物的药物组合物和二膦酸类化合物的新医疗用途。
二膦酸类化合物在涉及过度或不适当骨重吸收的各种良性和恶性疾病中广泛用于抑制破骨细胞的活动。这些焦磷酸盐类似物不仅减少了骨骼相关疾病的出现,而且带给患者临床益处,提高了患者的生存机会。二膦酸类化合物能抑制体内骨重吸收;二膦酸类化合物的疗效在骨质疏松症,骨质减少,佩吉特氏骨病,肿瘤诱导的高血钙症(TIH)的治疗上已经得到了证实,近期,二膦酸类化合物用于治疗骨转移(BM)和多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的疗效也已经得到证实(其综述参见Fleisch H 1997年的临床二膦酸类化合物,《Bisphosphonates in Bone Disease.From the Laboratory to thePatient》,编:The Parthenon Publishing Group,纽约/伦敦68-163页)。二膦酸类化合物抑制骨重吸收的机理目前仍不完全清楚,似乎不同的二膦酸类化合物有不同的机理。现已证明二膦酸类化合物能与骨骼中的羟基磷灰石晶体进行强结合,减少骨骼更新和重吸收,降低血液中羟基脯氨酸或碱性磷酸酶的水平,另外,还能抑制破骨细胞的形成、募集、激活及其活性。最近,胆固醇生物合成的甲羟戊酸途径中的一种酶——二磷酸法尼酯合成酶已经被确认是含氮二膦酸类化合物的分子靶标(参见RogersMJ,Gordon S,Benford HL,Coxon FP,Luckman SP,Monkkonen J,FrithJC.2000.二膦酸类化合物作用的细胞和分子机制,Cancer 88(suppl):2961-2978)。
由结构破坏、骨膜刺激和神经压迫所导致的骨骼疼痛是良性骨病和转移性骨疾病最常见的并发症,这种骨骼疼痛对医院治疗和社会活动都是一个严重的问题(Coleman,1997,Cancer 80;1588-1594)。
MM是一种浆细胞恶性肿瘤,其特征是恶性浆细胞在骨髓内的增殖和聚积。主要的临床后果是与病理性骨折和骨疼痛相关的溶骨性损伤。这些损伤是由过度的骨骼重吸收造成的,从而常常导致高血钙症。二膦酸类化合物与传统的化疗相结合已被用于MM的长期治疗。最近的研究表明,二膦酸类化合物如氯屈膦酸盐和氨羟二膦酸盐能减少诸如溶骨性损伤和病理性骨折等与骨骼相关的事件的发生,并能缓解相关骨骼疼痛,提高患者的生活质量(参见Laktinen等Lancet 1992,340,1049-1052;McCloskey等B.J.Haematol.,1998,100,317-325;和Berenson等N.Eng.J.Med.1996,Vol.334,No.8,488-493)。有报道说将二膦酸类化合物用于乳腺癌患者的治疗也有类似作用(参见Hortobagyi GN,Theriault RL,Porter L,Blayney D,Lipton A,Sinoff C,Wheeler H,Simeone JF,Seaman J,KnightRD.氨羟二膦酸盐在减少乳腺癌和溶骨性转移患者的骨骼并发症方面的作用。Protocol 19 Aredia Breast Cancer Study Group.N Engl J Med.1996;335:1785-91;Kanis JA,Powles T,Paterson AHG,McCloskey EV,Ashley S.氯屈膦酸盐降低女性乳腺癌患者体内的骨转移频率Bone 1996;19:663-7.)。
目前,让人惊奇的发现是在体内动物模型中某些二膦酸类化合物具有显著的且明显的直接止痛作用。例如,在慢性炎性和神经病变性疼痛大鼠模型中发现唑来膦酸能够逆转机械性痛觉过敏症,不仅起效迅速而且疗效高达约100%。另外,在大鼠骨癌疼痛模型中还发现唑来膦酸(zoledronicacid)能减轻机械性异常性疼痛和后肢轻瘫(sparing)。这些结果表明唑来膦酸和类似的二膦酸类化合物对疼痛可能有直接的、起效迅速的、抗伤害感受(anti-nociceptive)和抗异常性疼痛作用。
因此,本发明为有此治疗需要的患者提供了一种治疗疼痛的方法,该方法包括给患者施用有效量的二膦酸类化合物。
本发明还提供了二膦酸类化合物在制备用于疼痛治疗的药物中的用途。
本发明还进一步提供了二膦酸类化合物在治疗哺乳动物的疾病或病理状况相关疼痛方面的用途。
本发明尤其适用于减轻疼痛,也就是说,直接减轻疼痛和通过对导致疼痛的疾病或医学状况的改善来减轻疼痛。因此,本发明有利地提供了直接止痛或疼痛的急性治疗的方法和应用。
本发明优选用于那些用二膦酸类化合物抑制破骨细胞活性的疾病和医学状况下的疼痛的直接治疗。例如,本发明可用于直接治疗涉及过度或不适当骨损失(如由不适当的破骨细胞活动引起)的疾病或医学状况下的疼痛。此类疾病和病况的例子包括良性疾病和病况,如各种起因的骨质疏松症、佩吉特氏病、骨关节炎,RA,牙周病;以及尤其是恶性疾病如MM及与乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肺癌、肾癌、卵巢癌或骨肉瘤等各种癌症相关的TIH和骨转移(BM)。一般来讲,本发明也可以在使用二膦酸类化合物并有疼痛出现的其他情况下,例如,在二膦酸类化合物用于骨折愈合、骨坏死或治疗假肢松动的情况下应用以治疗疼痛。
对于目前通过用二膦酸类化合物预防或抑制骨转移或过度骨重吸收发生来治疗恶性疾病的方法来说,本发明的使用和方法是一种改进,而且其也是对治疗类风湿性关节炎和骨关节炎等炎性疾病以及各种形式的骨质疏松症和骨质减少症的方法的一种改进。
因此,在本说明书中,术语“治疗”指对疼痛的预防性或防止性治疗以及治愈性或缓解性治疗,尤其是对疼痛的抗伤害感受和抗异常性疼痛治疗,更尤其指骨骼疼痛的治疗。
因此,在具体实施案中,本发明提供:
一种治疗骨疼痛的方法,其包括给需要此治疗的患者施用有效量的二膦酸类化合物;
二膦酸类化合物在制备治疗骨疼痛的药物中的应用;或
二膦酸类化合物作为骨疼痛治疗剂的应用。
典型地,本发明中所用的二膦酸类化合物是指那些可以减轻疼痛的二膦酸类化合物,特别是那些具有抗伤害感受或抗异常性疼痛活性并优选能迅速起效的二膦酸类化合物。
所以,例如,适用于本发明的二膦酸类化合物可以包括以下化合物或其可药用盐或其任何水合物:3-氨基-1-羟基丙烷-1,1-二膦酸(氨羟二膦酸),例如氨羟二膦酸盐(APD);3-(N,N-二甲基氨基)-1-羟基丙烷-1,1-二膦酸,例如二甲基-APD;4-氨基-1-羟基丁烷-1,1-二膦酸(阿仑膦酸,alendronic acid),例如阿仑特罗;1-羟基-亚乙基-二膦酸,例如羟乙二膦酸盐;1-羟基-3-(甲基戊基氨基)-亚丙基-二膦酸,宜保膦酸(ibandronic acid),例如宜保膦酸盐;6-氨基-1-羟基己烷-1,1-二膦酸,例如氨基-己基-BP;3-(N-甲基-N-正戊基氨基)-1-羟基丙烷-1,1-二膦酸,例如甲基-戊基-APD(=BM 21.0955);1-羟基-2-(咪唑-1-基)乙烷-1,1-二膦酸,例如唑来膦酸;1-羟基-2-(3-吡啶基)乙烷-1,1-二膦酸(利塞膦酸,risedronic acid),例如利塞膦酸盐,包括其N-甲基吡啶鎓盐,例如碘化N-甲基吡啶鎓如NE-10244或NE-10446;1-(4-氯苯基硫基)甲烷-1,1-二膦酸(替鲁罗酸,tiludronic acid),例如替鲁罗酸盐;3-[N-(2-苯基硫基乙基)-N-甲基氨基]-1-羟基丙烷-1,1-二膦酸;1-羟基-3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙烷-1,1-二膦酸,例如EB 1053(Leo);1-(N-苯基氨基硫代羰基)甲烷-1,1-二膦酸,例如FR 78844(Fujisawa);5-苯甲酰基-3,4-二氢-2H-吡唑-3,3-二膦酸四乙基酯,例如U-81581(Upjohn);1-羟基-2-(咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)乙烷-1,1-二膦酸,例如YM 529;和1,1-二氯甲烷-1,1-二膦酸(氯屈膦酸),例如氯屈膦酸盐。
本发明中使用的二膦酸类化合物优选是含氮二膦酸类化合物。对于本说明书来说,含氮二膦酸类化合物是除具有特征性孪位二磷酸(P-C-P)部份之外还具有含氮的侧链的化合物,如式I化合物,和其可药用盐或其任何水合物,
式中
X是氢、羟基、氨基、烷酰基或有C1-C4烷基或烷酰基取代基的氨基基团;
R是氢或C1-C4烷基;且
Rx是含有任选被取代的氨基基团或含氮杂环(包括芳族含氮杂环)的侧链。
特别优选的含氮二膦酸类化合物是那些具有包含含氮杂环的侧链的二膦酸类化合物,最尤其是侧链上含有芳族含氮杂环的二膦酸类化合物。
所以在一个实施方案中尤其优选用于本发明的二膦酸类化合物包括式I’化合物及其可药用盐,
式中
Het是咪唑,噁唑,异噁唑,噁二唑,噻唑,噻二唑,吡啶,1,2,3-三唑,1,2,4-三唑,或苯并咪唑基团,其任选地被以下基团取代:烷基、烷氧基、卤素、羟基、羧基、任选地被烷基或烷酰基取代的氨基基团、或任选地被烷基、硝基、氨基或氨基烷基取代的苄基基团;
A是含有1-8个碳原子的直链或支链,饱和或不饱和烃部份;
X是氢原子,任选被烷酰基取代,或是任选被烷基或烷酰基取代的氨基基团;且
R是氢原子或C1-C4烷基基团。
在再一实施方案中,尤其优选用于本发明的二膦酸类化合物包括式II所示的化合物及其可药用盐和异构体
式中
Het’是取代的或未取代的杂芳族五元环,选自:咪唑基,咪唑啉基,异噁唑基,噁唑基,噁唑啉基,噻唑基,噻唑啉基,三唑基,噁二唑基和噻二唑基,其中,所述环可以部分被氢化,所述取代基选自以下基团中的至少一个基团:C1-C4烷基,C1-C4烷氧基,苯基,环己基,环己基甲基,卤素和氨基,而且Het的两个相邻的烷基取代基可以共同形成第二个环;
Y是氢或者C1-C4烷基;
X”是氢,羟基,氨基,或者被C1-C4烷基取代的氨基基团;且
R是氢或C1-C4烷基。
在再一实施方案中,尤其优选用于本发明中的二膦酸类化合物包括式III所示的化合物或其可药用盐,
式中
Het”是咪唑基,2H-1,2,3-,1H-1,2,4-或4H-1,2,4-三唑基,四唑基,噁唑基,异噁唑基,噁二唑基,噻唑基或噻二唑基,其是未取代的或是被以下基团作C-单-或双-取代:低级烷基,低级烷氧基,苯基(苯基又可以被低级烷基,低级烷氧基和/或卤素进行单-或双-取代),羟基,二低级烷基氨基,低级烷硫基和/或卤素,并在可取代的N原子上被低级烷基或苯基-低级烷基(苯基-低级烷基又可以在苯基部份上被低级烷基,低级烷氧基和/或卤素进行单-或双-取代)进行N-取代;且
R2是氢,羟基,氨基,低级烷硫基或卤素,
上述低级基团含有不超过7个(包括7个)碳原子。
尤其优选用于本发明中的二膦酸类化合物的例子有:
2-(1-甲基咪唑-2-基)-1-羟基乙烷-1,1-二膦酸;
2-(1-苄基咪唑-2-基)-1-羟基乙烷-1,1-二膦酸;
2-(1-甲基咪唑-4-基)-1-羟基乙烷-1,1-二膦酸;
1-氨基-2-(1-甲基咪唑-4-基)乙烷-1,1-二膦酸;
1-氨基-2-(1-苄基咪唑-4-基)乙烷-1,1-二膦酸;
2-(1-甲基咪唑-2-基)乙烷-1,1-二膦酸;
2-(1-苄基咪唑-2-基)乙烷-1,1-二膦酸;
2-(咪唑-1-基)-1-羟基乙烷-1,1-二膦酸;
2-(咪唑-1-基)乙烷-1,1-二膦酸;
2-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-1-羟基乙烷-1,1-二膦酸;
2-(噻唑-2-基)乙烷-1,1-二膦酸;
2-(咪唑-2-基)乙烷-1,1-二膦酸;
2-(2-甲基咪唑-4(5)-基)乙烷-1,1-二膦酸;
2-(2-苯基咪唑-4(5)-基)乙烷-1,1-二膦酸;
2-(4,5-二甲基咪唑-1-基)-1-羟基乙烷-1,1-二膦酸;
2-(2-甲基咪唑-4(5)-基)-1-羟基乙烷-1,1-二膦酸;及其可药用盐。
本发明中最优选的二膦酸类化合物是2-(咪唑-1-基)-1-羟基乙烷-1,1-二膦酸(唑来膦酸)或其可药用的盐或其任何水合物。
可药用盐优选指与碱的盐,适宜的是来自元素周期表第Ia,Ib,IIa和IIb族元素的金属盐,包括碱金属盐,例如钾盐,尤其是钠盐,或碱土金属盐,优选钙或镁盐,以及与氨或有机胺的铵盐。
尤其优选的可药用盐是二膦酸中的一个、两个、三个或四个,尤其是一或两个酸性氢被可药用的阳离子(尤其是钠,钾或铵,首选钠)替代的那些二膦酸类化合物。
一组非常优选的可药用盐的特征在于,在每个膦酸基团里都有一个酸性氢和一个可药用阳离子,尤其是钠。
以上提及的所有二膦酸衍生物都有很多文献报道。这也包括它们的制备(参见:例如EP-A-513760,pp.13-48)。例如,美国专利3,962,432描述了3-氨基-1-羟基丙烷-1,1-二膦酸的制备,美国专利4,639,338和4,711,880描述了其二钠盐的制备,美国专利4,939,130描述了1-羟基-2-(咪唑-1-基)乙烷-1,1-二膦酸的制备。也参见美国专利4,777,163和4,687,767。
二膦酸类化合物(自此以后在文中称为本发明药剂)可以以一种异构体或适当时异构体混合物的形式使用,典型地以旋光异构体例如对映异构体或非对映异构体或几何异构体,典型地顺-反异构体的形式使用。旋光异构体可以以纯对映体和/或外消旋物的形式获得。
本发明药剂也可以以水合物的形式使用或含有其它结晶用溶剂。
本发明药剂(二膦酸类化合物)优选以药物组合物的形式使用,该药物组合物可含有治疗有效量的活性成分,任选地以及与之组合或混合的适于给药的无机或有机、固体或液体可药用载体。
例如,药物组合物可以是用于肠道如口服给药,直肠给药,气雾剂吸入或鼻腔给药的组合物,也可以是用于胃肠外如静脉给药或皮下给药的组合物,还可以是用于经皮给药(如被动或离子渗透给药)的组合物。
适于口服或胃肠外(尤其是静脉内、动脉内或经皮)给药的药物组合物是优选的。静脉给药和口服给药,特别静脉给药被认为尤其重要。二膦酸类化合物活性成分优选采取胃肠外给药的形式,最优选采取静脉给药的形式。
给药的具体方式和剂量可以由主治医生考虑患者的具体情况,尤其是年龄,体重,生活方式,活动水平,激素状况(例如更年期后)和适当地骨骼的矿物质密度来选择。但是,二膦酸类化合物最优选通过静脉内途径给药。
本发明药剂的使用剂量取决于各种因素,如活性成分的有效性和作用持续时间,给药方式,恒温动物的种类,和/或恒温动物的性别,年龄,体重及个体状况。
一般情况下,对于一个体重约75公斤的恒温动物,二膦酸类化合物活性成分的单次给药量为0.002-20.0毫克/千克,尤其是0.01-10.0毫克/千克,如果需要,也可以把此给药量分成任选地平均的几份服用。
″毫克/千克″的意思是按待治疗的哺乳动物(包括人)的每公斤体重计给药的毫克数。
以上提及的剂量——不管是作为一个单剂量给药(优选使用)还是分成几份给药——可以重复施用,例如,每天一次,每周一次,每月一次,三个月一次,六个月一次或每年一次。换句话说,药物组合物的给药方案可以从每天持续治疗到间歇的周期性治疗。
优选二膦酸类化合物的给药量与治疗佩吉特氏病,肿瘤诱发的高血钙症或骨质疏松等传统使用二膦酸衍生物治疗的疾病时使用的给药量在同一数量级上。换言之,优选二膦酸衍生物的给药量对于佩吉特氏病,肿瘤诱发的高血钙症或骨质疏松的治疗同样有效,即优选其给药量同样可以有效地抑制骨重吸收。例如,对于优选的含氮二膦酸类化合物,如唑来膦酸和其盐,使用二膦酸类化合物治疗人类患者的剂量可以是约0.5mg至约20mg,优选约1至约10mg。
单剂量单位形式的制剂中优选含1%左右至90%左右的活性成分,而非单剂量单位形式的制剂中优选含0.1%左右至20%左右的活性成分。例如,胶囊、片或糖衣丸等单次给药的单位剂型可含有约1mg至约500mg的活性成分。
例如,肠道和非胃肠道给药的药物制剂的单位剂型有糖衣丸,片或胶囊及安瓿剂。它们都可以以本身已知的方法制备,例如使用传统的混合、制粒、制糖膏、溶解或冻干工艺来制备。
例如,可以通过混合活性成分和固体载体,适当时将所获混合物制成颗粒,并把混合物或制好的颗粒加工成片或糖衣丸芯(如期望或需要,这可在加入合适的辅料后进行),制成口服制剂。适合的载体特别指填充剂如糖(例如乳糖、蔗糖)、甘露醇或山梨醇、纤维素制品和/或磷酸钙(如磷酸三钙或磷酸氢钙),和粘合剂如淀粉糊(例如用玉米、小麦、水稻或土豆淀粉制的淀粉糊)、明胶、黄芪胶、甲基纤维素和/或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,如需要也指崩解剂如上面提到的淀粉、羧甲基淀粉、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、琼脂或海藻酸或其盐(如海藻酸钠)。辅料特别指流速调节剂和润滑剂,例如硅酸、滑石粉、硬脂酸或其盐(如硬脂酸镁或硬脂酸钙)、和/或聚乙二醇。给糖衣丸芯包上可以抵制胃液的合适包衣层,这尤其可以使用任选含有阿拉伯胶、滑石粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙二醇和/或二氧化钛的浓糖溶液,或溶于适宜的有机溶剂或溶剂混合物的紫胶漆(lacquer)溶液或(为了制备抗胃液的包衣)适宜的纤维素制剂如邻苯二甲酸乙酰纤维素或邻苯二甲酸羟丙甲基纤维素的溶液。为了起识别作用或表示活性成分的不同剂量等目的,可以在片或糖衣丸包衣中添加着色物质或色素。
其他的可口服给药的药物制剂有干法填充的明胶胶囊和用明胶和甘油或山梨醇等增塑剂制成的密封软胶囊。干法填充的胶囊包含的活性成分可以是颗粒的形式,例如和以下成分的混合物:乳糖等填充剂、淀粉等粘合剂、和/或诸如滑石粉或硬脂酸镁等助流剂,适当时还可以加入稳定剂。在软胶囊中,活性成分优选溶解或悬浮在适宜的液体,例如脂肪油,石蜡油或液体聚乙二醇中,同样也可以加入稳定剂。
非胃肠给药制剂尤其指可有效用于多种给药方式的注射用液体,所述给药方式为例如动脉内、肌肉内、腹腔内、鼻腔内、皮内、皮下,优选静脉内。这种液体优选是可以在用前从例如冻干制剂制成的等渗水溶液或混悬液,这些冻干制剂中可以只含活性成分或者可以包含活性成分和可药用载体。此药物制剂可以是无菌的和/或含有辅料,比如防腐剂,稳定剂,润湿剂和/或乳化剂,增溶剂,调节渗透压的盐和/或缓冲剂。
适合经皮给药的制剂包括有效量的活性成分和载体。优良的载体包括可吸收的药用溶剂,以帮助活性成分透过用药者的皮肤。经皮给药装置的典型形式是绷带,其中包含背衬层、含化合物和载体(任选)的贮库、任选的控释屏障和确保此装置固定在皮肤上的工具,其中控释屏障使活性成分可以在一段长时间内以受控的预定速度释放到用药者的皮肤上。
以下实施例对上文描述的本发明进行举例说明。
在下面的实施例中,术语“活性成分”应理解为是以上提及的任何一种适用于本发明的二膦酸衍生物。
实施例
实施例1:含有活性成分包衣小丸的胶囊,以五水合氨羟二膦酸二钠作为活性成分为例:
丸芯:
活性成分(磨碎的) 197.3mg
微晶纤维素 52.7mg
(AvicelPH 105) ---------
250.0mg
+内包衣层:
纤维素HP-M 603 10.0mg
聚乙二醇 2.0mg
滑石粉 8.0mg
--------
270.0mg
+抗胃液的外包衣层:
EudragitL 30D(固体) 90.0mg
柠檬酸三乙基酯 21.0mg
AntifoamAF 2.0mg
水
滑石粉 7.0mg
---------
390.0mg
将氨羟二膦酸二钠和AvicelPH 105混合,加水润湿,揉制,挤出成球。小丸干燥后,在流化床中相续加上内层包衣(由纤维素HP-M 603,聚乙二醇(PEG)8000和滑石粉组成)和抗胃液的水性包衣(由EudragitL 30D,柠檬酸三乙基酯和AntifoamAF组成)。将加包衣的小丸和滑石粉一起粉末化,用市售胶囊填充机(如Hfliger和Karg填充机)充填入胶囊(0号胶囊)中。
实施例2:整块的粘性经皮给药系统,其中包含例如,1-羟基-2-(咪唑-1-基)-乙烷-1,1-二膦酸作为活性成分:
组成:
聚异丁烯(PIB)300 5.0g
(Oppanol B1,BASF)
PIB 35000 3.0g
(Oppanol B10,BASF)
PIB 1200000 9.0g
(Oppanol B100,BASF)
氢化烃树脂 43.0g
(Escorez 5320,Exxon)
1-十二烷基氮杂环庚-2-酮 20.0g
(氮酮,Nelson Res.,Irvine/CA)
活性成分
20.0g
总计 100.0g
制备方法:
通过在辊道上辊轧,将以上各成分一起溶于150克特殊沸点石油馏分100-125中,用300毫米的医用刀片借助铺展器将此溶液铺在聚酯膜(Hostaphan,Kalle)上,得到约75g/m2的涂层。60℃干燥15分钟后,使用经硅氧烷处理的聚酯膜(厚度75毫米,Laufenberg)作为剥离膜。用打孔器对制备好的系统打孔,制成面积为5至30平方厘米的所需形状。完工的系统分别装入铝箔小袋密封。
实施例3:含有1.0毫克冻干的1-羟基-2-(咪唑-1-基)乙烷-1,1-二膦酸(其混合的钠盐)的小瓶。用1毫升水稀释后,得到用于静脉内输注的溶液(浓度1mg/ml)。
组成:
活性成分(游离二膦酸) 1.0mg
甘露醇 46.0mg
二水合柠檬酸三钠 约3.0mg
水 1ml
注射用水 1ml.
在1毫升水中,活性成分用二水合柠檬酸三钠滴定至pH6.0,然后,加入甘露醇,将溶液冻干并将冻干物装入小瓶。
实施例4:含有溶解于水中的活性成分(以五水氨羟二膦酸二钠为例)的安瓿剂。此溶液(浓度为3mg/ml)稀释后用于静脉内输注。
组成:
活性成分 19.73mg5.0mg无水活性成分)
甘露醇 250mg
注射用水 5ml.
实施例5:大鼠炎性和神经病变性疼痛模型中二膦酸类化合物的作用方法
炎性痛觉过敏
用大鼠的炎性疼痛模型测定机械性痛觉过敏。按Randal-Sellito方法利用analgesymeter(Ugo Basile,Milan),测定首次用于实验的动物在不断增加的压力刺激下的缩爪阈值,然后在左后足底内注射弗氏完全佐剂(FCA),24小时后再次于给药前测定缩爪阈值,之后于给药或给予赋形剂后10分钟到6小时测定缩爪阈值。根据下列公式计算同侧足的痛觉过敏的逆转:%痛觉过敏逆转=(给药后阈值-给药前阈值)/(首次实验时阈值-给药前阈值)×100
神经病变性痛觉过敏
用由左坐骨神经部分结扎诱导的神经病变性疼痛大鼠模型测定机械性痛觉过敏。手术后约14天,于给药前以及给药或给赋形剂后10分钟到6小时测定结扎(身体同侧)和未结扎(身体对侧)足的机械性缩爪阈值。根据下列公式计算每个时间点的痛觉过敏逆转:
%痛觉过敏逆转=(给药后同侧阈值-给药前同侧阈值)/(给药前对侧阈值-给药前同侧阈值)×100
所有实验均用每组6只动物的实验组进行。将贮存浓度的药物溶解在蒸馏水中,随后用0.9%的生理盐水稀释,4ml/kg皮下给药。所有的药物均在塑料瓶中配制,避光保存。
对重复测量值进行ANOVA分析之后进行Tukey氏HSD检验以完成对缩爪阈值读数(g)的统计分析。效力指在所用剂量下观察到的最大程度的痛觉过敏逆转。
结果
1.在单侧后足注射弗氏完全佐剂诱导的炎性痛觉过敏模型中,唑来膦酸盐(0.003-0.1毫克/千克皮下给药)对机械性痛觉过敏产生了剂量依赖性逆转。它起效迅速,30分钟内达到100%的最大逆转,但持续时间短,用药后3小时没有显著的活性。在最高剂量下,观察到一些对侧活性。
2.氨羟二膦酸盐(0.03-1毫克/千克皮下给药)和氯屈膦酸盐(0.3-10毫克/千克皮下给药)都不能有效逆转炎性机械性痛觉过敏,而是在测试的最高剂量下造成了缩爪阈值略微降低。
3.在单侧坐骨神经部分结扎诱导的慢性神经病变性疼痛模型中,唑来膦酸盐(0.003-0.1毫克/千克皮下给药)对机械性痛觉过敏产生了40%的中度逆转,并在给药30分钟内达到最大。但是,在最高剂量下,对侧缩爪阈值也有显著下降。
4.在神经病变性疼痛模型中,氨羟二膦酸盐(0.03-1毫克/千克皮下给药)仅呈现出较弱活性,造成最大为20%的痛觉过敏逆转,而氯屈膦酸盐(0.3-10毫克/千克皮下给药)没有活性。这两种药物均再次导致对侧缩爪阈值的一定程度的下降。
5.这些数据表明在慢性炎性和神经病变性疼痛大鼠模型中,唑来膦酸盐能逆转机械性痛觉过敏。
例6二膦酸类化合物在大鼠骨癌疼痛模型中的作用
给成年雌性大鼠胫骨内注射MRMZ-1大鼠乳腺癌细胞(3微升,107个细胞/毫升)。注射细胞后12-14天开始,这些动物逐渐出现机械性痛觉过敏、机械性异常性疼痛(皮肤对无害性刺激敏感)和后肢轻瘫(sparing)。从注射癌细胞的当天开始,每周施用唑来膦酸(ZOL)(10和30微克/千克,皮下)三次,对后肢轻瘫(sparing)和机械性异常性疼痛产生明显的抑制作用。赋形剂处理对照组到胫骨内注射癌细胞后的第19天产生了最大程度的后肢轻瘫(sparing),相比之下,给予了高剂量ZOL的大鼠在此19天内没有出现任何后肢轻瘫(sparing)的迹象。然而,如果在第19天进行一次给药注射(100微克/千克,皮下注射),ZOL并没有急性效果。相比之下,用吗啡(1-10毫克/千克,皮下)进行急性处理,造成了机械性异常性疼痛出现剂量依赖性下降,而且还造成后肢轻瘫(sparing)显著下降(只有在最大剂量下)。
Claims (10)
1.治疗疼痛的方法,包括给需要此治疗的患者施用有效量的二膦酸类化合物。
2.二膦酸类化合物在制备用于治疗疼痛的药物中的用途。
3.二膦酸类化合物在治疗哺乳动物的与疾病或病理状况有关的疼痛中的用途。
4.用于抗伤害感受或抗异常性疼痛的疼痛治疗方法,包括给需要此治疗的患者施用有效量的二膦酸类化合物;
二膦酸类化合物在制备用于抗伤害感受或抗异常性疼痛的疼痛治疗药物中的用途;或
二膦酸类化合物作为抗伤害感受剂或抗异常性疼痛剂的用途。
5.治疗骨疼痛的方法,包括给需要此治疗的患者施用有效量的二膦酸类化合物;
二膦酸类化合物在制备用于治疗骨疼痛的药物中的用途;或
二膦酸类化合物作为骨疼痛治疗剂的用途。
6.权利要求1的方法或权利要求2或3的用途,用于治疗与骨质疏松、类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎和肿瘤形成,如肿瘤生长、侵袭或转移有关的疼痛。
7.权利要求1的方法或权利要求2或3的用途,其中二膦酸类化合物选自如下化合物或其可药用盐或其任何水合物:3-氨基-1-羟基丙烷-1,1-二膦酸(氨羟二膦酸),例如氨羟二膦酸盐(APD);3-(N,N-二甲基氨基)-1-羟基丙烷-1,1-二膦酸,例如二甲基-APD;4-氨基-1-羟基丁烷-1,1-二膦酸(阿仑膦酸),例如阿仑特罗;1-羟基-亚乙基-二膦酸,例如羟乙二膦酸盐;1-羟基-3-(甲基戊基氨基)-亚丙基-二膦酸,宜保膦酸,例如宜保膦酸盐;6-氨基-1-羟基己烷-1,1-二膦酸,例如氨基-己基-BP;3-(N-甲基-N-正戊基氨基)-1-羟基丙烷-1,1-二膦酸,例如甲基-戊基-APD(=BM21.0955);1-羟基-2-(咪唑-1-基)乙烷-1,1-二膦酸;1-羟基-2-(3-吡啶基)乙烷-1,1-二膦酸(利塞膦酸),例如利塞膦酸盐,包括其N-甲基吡啶鎓盐,例如碘化N-甲基吡啶鎓如NE-10244或NE-10446;1-(4-氯苯基硫基)甲烷-1,1-二膦酸(替鲁罗酸),例如替鲁罗酸盐;3-[N-(2-苯基硫基乙基)-N-甲基氨基]-1-羟基丙烷-1,1-二膦酸;1-羟基-3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙烷-1,1-二膦酸,例如EB 1053(Leo);1-(N-苯基氨基硫代羰基)甲烷-1,1-二膦酸,例如FR 78844(Fujisawa);5-苯甲酰基-3,4-二氢-2H-吡唑-3,3-二膦酸四乙基酯,例如U-81581(Upjohn);1-羟基-2-(咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)乙烷-1,1-二膦酸,例如YM 529;和1,1-二氯甲烷-1,1-二膦酸(氯屈膦酸),例如氯屈膦酸盐。
8.权利要求1的方法或权利要求2或3的用途,其中二膦酸类化合物是式III所示的化合物或其可药用盐,
式中
Het”是咪唑基、2H-1,2,3-,1H-1,2,4-或4H-1,2,4-三唑基、四唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噁二唑基、噻唑基或噻二唑基,其是未取代的或是被以下基团C-单-或双-取代:低级烷基、低级烷氧基、又可以被低级烷基,低级烷氧基和/或卤素进行单-或双-取代的苯基、羟基、二低级烷基氨基、低级烷硫基和/或卤素,并在可取代的N原子上被低级烷基或苯基-低级烷基进行N-取代,其中苯基-低级烷基的苯基部分上又可以被低级烷基、低级烷氧基和/或卤素进行单-或双-取代;且
R2是氢,羟基,氨基,低级烷硫基或卤素,
上述低级基团含有不超过7个但包括7个的碳原子。
9.权利要求1的方法或权利要求2或3的用途,其中二膦酸类化合物是唑来膦酸或其可药用盐或其任何水合物。
10.在具体参考实施例下基本上如前述的所有新化合物、新工艺、新方法、新用途。
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HU (1) | HUP0302556A3 (zh) |
IL (2) | IL155363A0 (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA03004815A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO20032405D0 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ525871A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL204001B1 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT1339411E (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2325913C2 (zh) |
SK (1) | SK287501B6 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI275393B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2002043738A2 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA200303247B (zh) |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102961785A (zh) * | 2012-11-09 | 2013-03-13 | 于秀淳 | 一种用于治疗骨巨细胞瘤的瘤腔填充物及其制备方法 |
CN105324113B (zh) * | 2013-03-08 | 2018-07-03 | 莱沃尔特制药股份有限公司 | 共同施用类固醇和唑来膦酸以预防和治疗骨关节炎 |
CN107011380A (zh) * | 2016-01-28 | 2017-08-04 | 臧伟 | 一种二膦酸衍生物及含二膦酸衍生物的组合物治疗骨折的应用 |
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