CN1497044A - 润滑油组合物 - Google Patents
润滑油组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1497044A CN1497044A CNA2003101025027A CN200310102502A CN1497044A CN 1497044 A CN1497044 A CN 1497044A CN A2003101025027 A CNA2003101025027 A CN A2003101025027A CN 200310102502 A CN200310102502 A CN 200310102502A CN 1497044 A CN1497044 A CN 1497044A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- lubricating oil
- weight
- oil composition
- acid
- boron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005885 boration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithiophosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=S NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- -1 phosphorus compound Chemical class 0.000 description 78
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 37
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 35
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 30
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 29
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 29
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 29
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 25
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 24
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 13
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229960002645 boric acid Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 108010011222 cyclo(Arg-Pro) Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 7
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical class O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Substances C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 6
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CUBCNYWQJHBXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid;2-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O CUBCNYWQJHBXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+) tetracarbamodithioate Chemical compound C(N)([S-])=S.[Mo+4].C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanoic acid group Chemical group C(CCCC)(=O)O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamodithioic acid Chemical compound NC(S)=S DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydromaleimide Natural products O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 3
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)O1 RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- CIRMGZKUSBCWRL-LHLOQNFPSA-N (e)-10-[2-(7-carboxyheptyl)-5,6-dihexylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]dec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC1C=CC(CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C(\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C1CCCCCC CIRMGZKUSBCWRL-LHLOQNFPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BELBBZDIHDAJOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenolsulfonephthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)O1 BELBBZDIHDAJOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- TVJORGWKNPGCDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoboron Chemical compound N[B] TVJORGWKNPGCDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron tribromide Chemical compound BrB(Br)Br ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
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- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004646 sulfenyl group Chemical group S(*)* 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- JZALLXAUNPOCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 JZALLXAUNPOCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001149 thermolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- PIZNQHDTOZMVBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionylimide Chemical compound N=S=O PIZNQHDTOZMVBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
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- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M141/02 - C10M141/10
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- C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
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- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
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- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/043—Mannich bases
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- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
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- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/38—Catalyst protection, e.g. in exhaust gas converters
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/52—Base number [TBN]
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- C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
- C10N2060/14—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition by boron or a compound containing boron
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
一种总碱值至少约8的润滑油组合物,包括主要量的润滑粘度油,引入润滑油组合物的一或多种二烃基二硫代磷酸金属盐的量不超过0.06重量%的磷,至少1.2重量%的受阻酚抗氧剂,和能为润滑油组合物提供至少200ppm(重)硼量的硼或者含硼化合物或多种含硼化合物,所有重量百分比都是基于润滑油组合物总重量计算的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及润滑油组合物。更具体地说,本发明针对用于重型柴油发动机的可满足API-CI-4等级标准同时能改进与催化后处理装置、特别是含氧化和/或还原催化剂的后处理装置兼容性的润滑油组合物。
背景技术
对环境问题的关注使得人们在不断努力来降低压缩点火式(柴油机)内燃机的CO、烃和氮氧化合物(NOx)的排放量。重型柴油机(HDD)原件设备制造厂商(OEM)依赖于两项技术之一或将两项技术相结合来满足最新和未来标准的要求,用来减少柴油发动机NOx排放量的一个方法是所谓的废气再循环(EGR)或称EGR法。EGR法能通过在导入发动机燃烧室的外进空气-燃料供料中引入不燃性组分(废气)的方法来降低NOx的排放量。这种方法能降低最高火焰温度和NOx的产生。除EGR的简单稀释效应外,通过在废气返回发动机之前将其冷却的方法,能更大程度地降低NOx的排放量。较冷的进气得以更好地充填汽缸,这样就能提高动力产生量。此外,由于EGR组分的比热值要比外进空气和燃料混合物的比热值高,EGR气能进一步将燃烧混合物冷却,得以在固定的NOx产生水平上有更大动力和更好的燃料经济性。
装配EGR的发动机、特别是装配冷却式EGR的发动机会因有大量基于NOx和硫氧化物(SOx)的酸(后者主要是柴油燃料燃烧所引入的硫形成的)和经此类发动机循环的颗粒物而对润滑油组合物造成恶劣环境。API-CI-4油等级标准就是特别针对装配冷却式EGR的HDD发动机用润滑油组合物所建立的。
减少HDD排放量所依赖的另一项技术,特别是用于CaterpillarInc.(USA)所生产的“A CERT”型发动机的技术包括调整发动机时间控制装置来提供更早地关闭发动机废气阀、在主燃料喷射器的上游使用先导喷射器来减少NOx的产生量、燃烧速率形成波形来降低最高燃烧温度和减少NOx的产生量、强制过量空气进入燃烧室(例如通过使用一或多个涡轮增压器)来提供所需的功率输出和催化剂后处理装置如含氧化催化剂的装置来减少发动机废气中未燃烧烃、一氧化碳、氮氧化物和可溶性颗粒物成分的量。这类氧化催化剂可因置于发动机废气所存在的某些元素/化合物、特别是置于因含磷润滑油添加剂变质而引入废气的磷和磷化合物中而中毒并使其效力降低。而且,发动机可装配含还原催化剂的后处理装置,该类催化剂对硫和硫化合物敏感。
内燃机润滑油组合物所用的最有效抗氧剂和抗磨剂之一(从性能和成本效益两方面考虑)包括二烃基二硫代磷酸金属盐。金属可以是碱金属或碱土金属或是铝、铅、锡、钼、锰、镍或铜。其中最常用的是二烃基二硫代锌盐(ZDDP)。尽管该类化合物是特别有效的抗氧剂和抗磨剂,能够提供使用于装配冷却式EGR发动机的润滑油组合物满足API CI-4要求的性能,但这类化合物确实会将磷引入发动机而使前述发动机后处理装置所用的催化剂中毒。
因此,最好是确认一些能在装配冷却式EGR系统的发动机中使用的低磷API CI-4重型柴油机润滑油组合物,该润滑油组合物也适用于装配含氧化和/或还原催化剂后处理装置的发动机。
发明内容
按照本发明的第一方面,提供一种总碱值至少约9的润滑油组合物,包括主要量的润滑粘度油,引入润滑油组合物的一或多种二烃基二硫代磷酸金属盐的量不超过0.06重量%的磷,至少1.2重量%的受阻酚抗氧剂,和能为润滑油组合物提供至少200ppm(重)硼量的硼或者含硼化合物或多种含硼化合物,所有重量百分比都是基于润滑油组合物总重量计算的。
按本发明的第二方面,提供一种如第一方面所述的润滑油组合物,满足API CI-4等级标准。
按本发明的第三方面,提供一种如第一方面所述的润滑油组合物,其中所述的引入润滑油组合物的一或多种二烃基二硫代磷酸金属盐的量不超过0.12重量%的硫。
按本发明的第四方面,提供一种装配含氧化和/或还原催化剂后处理装置的重型柴油发动机,该发动机用第一、第二或第三方面的润滑油组合物进行润滑。
按照本发明的第五方面,提供一种装配含氧化和/或还原催化剂后处理装置的重型柴油发动机的运转方法,该方法包括将所述发动机用第一、第二或第三的润滑油组合物进行润滑。
参看以下说明书,将了解本发明的其它和更进一步的目标、优点和特点。
具体实施方式
如上所述,本发明的一个目标是提供装配EGR系统或依赖于含氧化催化剂后处理装置、含还原催化剂后处理装置或二者兼备的系统的重型柴油发动机所用的润滑油组合物。装配EGR系统、特别是冷却式EGR系统的重型柴油发动机所用的润滑油组合物必须能提供足以通过美国石油学会(API)CI-4合格证所需全部试验的性能。为避免催化剂中毒并使润滑油组合物适用于装配含氧化催化剂后处理装置、含还原催化剂后处理装置或二者兼备的重型柴油发动机,这些润滑油组合物中所含的能使这类催化剂中毒的物质、特别是磷和硫的量也必须最少化。
类属API CI-4的润滑油组合物的标准是本领域技术人员公知的,使用EGR、特别是冷却式EGR系统的重型柴油发动机的运行方式同样是公知的。含氧化催化剂的后处理装置和/或含还原催化剂的后处理装置以及这类催化剂的组合物的运行方式也是本领域普通技术人员公知的。装配这类后处理装置的重型柴油发动机的实例包括CaterpillarInc.所提供的“A CERT”型发动机。因此,所述润滑油组合物的分类、发动机系统和后处理装置无须赘述。
适用于本发明实际操作的润滑粘度油可以是粘度从轻质馏出矿物油到重质润滑油范围的润滑油如汽油发动机油、矿物润滑油和重型柴油机油。100℃下测定油的粘度范围一般从约2mm2/秒(厘沲)到约40mm2/秒、特别是从约3mm2/秒到约20mm2/秒、最优选从约4mm2/秒到约10mm2/秒。
天然油包括动物油和植物油(如蓖麻油、猪油),煤油,及加氢精制、溶剂处理和酸处理的链烷属、环烷属和链烷-环烷属混合型矿物油。由煤或页岩得到的润滑粘度油也可作为基础油使用。
合成润滑油包括烃油和卤代烃油如聚合和共聚的烯烃(如聚丁烯、聚丙烯、丙烯-异丁烯共聚物、氯化聚丁烯、聚(1-己烯)、聚(1-辛烯)、聚(1-癸烯)、烷基苯(如十二烷基苯、十四烷基苯、二壬基苯、二(2-乙基己基)苯)、聚苯(如联苯、三苯、烷基化聚苯)和烷基化二苯醚及烷基化二苯硫醚,以及它们的衍生物、类似物和同系物。
环氧烷聚合物和共聚物及其末端羟基经酯化、醚化等反应改性的衍生物构成另一类已知的合成润滑油。它们例如是经环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷聚合反应制成的聚氧亚烷基聚合物、聚氧亚烷基聚合物的烷基和芳基醚(如分子量1000的甲基·聚异丙二醇醚或分子量1000-1500的聚乙二醇·二苯基醚),和它们的一元和二元羧酸酯,例如四甘醇的乙酸酯、C3-C8混合脂肪酸酯和C13含氧酸酯。
另一类适用的合成润滑油包括二元羧酸(例如邻苯二甲酸、琥珀酸、烷基琥珀酸和链烯基琥珀酸、马来酸、壬二酸、辛二酸、癸二酸、富马酸、己二酸、亚油酸二聚物、丙二酸、烷基丙二酸、链烯基丙二酸)与各种醇(例如丁醇、己醇、癸醇、2-乙基己醇、乙二醇、二乙二醇单醚、丙二醇)的酯。这些酯的具体例子包括己二酸二丁酯、辛二酸二(2-乙基己醇)酯、富马酸二正己酯、癸二酸二辛酯、壬二酸二异辛酯、壬二酸二异癸酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二癸酯、癸二酸二(二十烷醇)酯、亚油酸二聚物的2-乙基己酯、一摩尔癸二酸与二摩尔四乙二醇和二摩尔2-乙基己酸反应生成的混合酯。
适合用作合成基础油的酯还包括那些由C5-C12一元羧酸与多元醇和多元醇醚例如新戊二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、三季戊四醇制得的酯。
诸如聚烷基、聚芳基、聚烷氧基或聚芳氧基硅氧烷油和硅酸酯油的硅基油属于另一类适用的合成润滑油,这类油包括硅酸四乙酯、硅酸四异丙酯、硅酸四(2-乙基己酯)、硅酸四(4-甲基-2-乙基己酯)、硅酸四(对叔丁基苯酯)、六(4-甲基-2-乙基己基)二硅氧烷、聚(甲基)硅氧烷和聚(甲基苯基)硅氧烷。其它合成润滑油包括液体含磷酸的酯(如磷酸三邻甲苯酯、磷酸三辛酯、癸基磷酸的二乙酯)和聚合的四氢呋喃。
润滑粘度油可包括I类、II类、III类、IV类或V类基料或上述基料的调合基础油,优选润滑粘度油是II类、III类、IV类或V类基料或其混合物,或者是I类基料与一或多种II类、III类、IV类或V类基料的混合物。优选基料或调合基料的饱和烃含量至少为65重量%、更优选至少为75重量%如至少85重量%,最优选基料或调合基料的饱和烃含量大于90重量%。优选油或调合油的硫含量低于1重量%、优选低于0.6重量%、最优选低于0.3重量%。
油或调合油的挥发性(按NOACK试验(ASTM D5880)测定)优选小于或等于30重量%、优选小于或等于25重量%、更优选小于或等于20重量%、最优选小于或等于16重量%,且粘度指数(VI)至少为85、优选至少100、最优选从约105到140。还优选油或调合油的硫含量不大于0.8重量%、优选不大于0.5重量%、更优选不大于0.3重量%。
本发明的基料和基础油的定义与1996年12月颁布的美国石油学会(API)出版物“发动机油许可和认证体系(Engine Oil Licensing andCertification System)”,工业服务部(Industry Services Department),第十四版,附录1中所述的定义相同。所述公开文献将基料分类如下:
(a)用下表1所规定的试验方法测定,I类基料含有小于90%饱和烃和/或大于或等于0.03%硫,其粘度指数大于或等于80且小于120。
(b)用下表1所规定的试验方法测定,II类基料含有大于或等于90%饱和烃和小于或等于0.03%硫,其粘度指数大于或等于80且小于120。
(c)用下表1所规定的试验方法测定,III类基料含有大于或等于90%饱和烃和小于或等于0.03%硫,其粘度指数大于或等于120。
(d)IV类基料为聚α-烯烃(PAO)。
(e)V类基料包括所有未在I、II、III或IV类之内的其它基料。
表1基料分析方法
性质 | 试验方法 |
饱和烃 | ASTM D2007 |
粘度指数 | ASTM D2270 |
硫 | ASTM D4294 |
用作抗磨剂和抗氧剂的二烃基二硫代磷酸金属盐包括那些金属为碱金属或碱土金属或是铝、铅、锡、钼、锰、镍或铜的盐。它们可按已知技术制备,通常是将一或多种醇或酚与P2S5反应,首先形成二烃基二硫代磷酸(DDPA),然后将形成的DDPA用锌化合物中和。例如,可通过伯醇和仲醇混合物的反应制成二硫代磷酸。或者,可制备其中一种所连烃基完全是仲烃基性质而其它种所连烃基完全是伯烃基性质的多种二硫代磷酸。为制备锌盐,可使用任何中性或碱性锌化合物,但最常用的是氧化物、氢氧化物和碳酸盐。市购添加剂通常含过量锌,因为在中和反应中使用了过量的碱性锌化合物。
优选的二烃基二硫代磷酸锌是油溶性的二烃基二硫代磷酸盐,可用下式表示:
其中R和R’可以是相同或不同的含1-18、优选2-12个碳原子的烃基,包括诸如链烷基、链烯基、芳基、芳烷基、烷芳基和环脂族基的基团。特别优选的作为R和R’的基团是2-8个碳原子的烷基。例如这些基团可以是乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、戊基、正己基、异己基、正辛基、癸基、十二烷基、十八烷基、2-乙基己基、苯基、丁苯基、环己基、甲基环戊基、丙烯基、丁烯基。为获得油溶性,二硫代磷酸盐中的总碳原子数(即R和R’)通常约为5或更高。因此,二烃基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)可包括二烷基二硫代磷酸锌。ZDDP是内燃机润滑油组合物中最常用的抗氧剂/抗磨剂,且在常规配制成满足API CI-4等级标准的重型柴油机用润滑油组合物中,以润滑油组合物总重量计算,润滑油中存在的ZDDP量从约1-1.5重量%。这样量的ZDDP会在润滑油组合物中引入从约0.1-0.14重量%的磷。相反,本发明的润滑油组合物所含的ZDDP量将在润滑油组合物中引入0到小于约0.06重量%如0.02-0.06重量%、优选到小于0.05重量%如0.02-0.05重量%、更优选0到小于0.04重量%如0.02-0.04重量%的磷。润滑油组合物中的磷含量是按ASTM D5185方法测定的。优选ZDDP还将在润滑油组合物中引入0到小于约0.12重量%如0.04-0.12重量%、优选0到小于0.10重量%如0.004-0.10重量%、更优选0到小于0.08重量%如0.04-0.08重量%的硫。
本发明的润滑油组合物含至少200ppm的硼、优选至少300ppm的硼、更优选至少400ppm的硼。在本发明的低磷润滑油组合物中也可提供超过500ppm的硼,但正常情况下不需要这么大的量,以满足API CI-4等级标准。可通过将硼酸化分散剂或其它含硼添加剂或其混合物引入润滑油组合物的方法或是通过加入元素硼或其它硼化合物的方法将硼引入润滑油组合物。
分散剂能将使用过程中因氧化作用形成的不溶于油的物质保持悬浮状态,因此而避免淤泥凝聚和沉积或金属表面的沉积物。适用于本发明内容的分散剂包括范围为已知的含氮无灰(无金属)分散剂,当其加入润滑油时能有效减少汽油和柴油发动机使用过程中沉积物的形成。本发明的无灰分散剂包括一个带有能有助于颗粒分散的官能团的油溶性聚合物长链骨架。这类分散剂一般有胺、胺-醇或酰胺极性部分连接到聚合物骨架上,通常是借助桥基连接。无灰分散剂例如可选自长链烃取代的一元和多元羧酸或酸酐的油溶性盐、酯、氨基酯、酰胺、亚酰胺和噁唑啉,长链烃的硫代羧酸盐衍生物,直接连有多胺部分的长链脂族烃,以及通过长链取代酚与甲醛和聚亚烷基多胺缩合形成的曼尼期缩合产物。
一般来说,每个一元或二元羧酸形成部分将与亲核基团(氨基或酰氨基)反应,聚链烯基取代的羧酸酰化试剂中官能团的数目将决定最终分散剂中的亲核基团的数目。
本发明分散剂的聚链烯基部分的数均分子量从约至少1500、优选1800到3000之间如2000到2800之间、更优选从约2100-2500且最优选从约2150-2400。由于分散剂的准确分子量范围取决于若干参数,包括形成分散剂所用的聚合物的类型、官能团数目和所用亲核基团的类型,因而分散剂的分子量通常用聚链烯基部分的分子量表示。优选所用全部分散剂或多个分散剂(包括全部含氮分散剂和任何无氮分散剂)都是由数均分子量(Mn)约1500-2500、优选从约1800-2400、更优选从约2000-2300的烃聚合物衍生得到的。
可衍生本发明分散剂的聚链烯基部分具有窄分子量分布(MWD),也称多分散系数,是按重均分子量(Mw)与数均分子量(Mn)之比确定的。具体地说,可衍生本发明分散剂的聚合物的Mw/Mn从约1.5到2.0、优选从约1.5到约1.9、最优选从约1.6到约1.8。
适合用来形成本发明分散剂的烃或聚合物包括均聚物、共聚物或低分子量烃。一类这些聚合物包括乙烯与至少一种式H2C=CHR1的C3-C28α-烯烃,其中R1为1-26个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,且其中的聚合物含碳-碳不饱和点、优选末端亚乙烯基不饱和点,优选这类聚合物包括乙烯与至少一种上式α-烯烃的共聚物,其中R1为1-18个碳原子、优选1-8个碳原子且更优选1-2个碳原子的烷基。因此,适用的α-烯烃单体和共聚单体例如包括丙烯、丁烯-1、己烯-1、辛烯-1、4-甲基戊烯-1、癸烯-1、十二碳烯-1、十三碳烯-1、十四碳烯-1、十五碳烯-1、十六碳烯-1、十七碳烯-1、十八碳烯-1、十九碳烯-1及其混合物(例如丙烯与丁烯-1的混合物等)。这类聚合物的实例是丙烯均聚物、丁烯-1均聚物、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、乙烯-丁烯-1共聚物、丙烯-丁烯共聚物等,其中聚合物含至少一些末端和中间不饱和点。优选的聚合物是乙烯与丙烯和乙烯与丁烯-1的不饱和共聚物。本发明的共聚物可含少量如0.5-5%(mol)的C4-C18非共轭二烯烃共聚单体。但是,优选本发明聚合物仅包括α-烯烃均聚物、α-烯烃共聚单体的共聚物和乙烯与α-烯烃共聚单体的共聚物。本发明所用聚合物中乙烯的摩尔含量优选在0-80%且更优选0-60%范围。当丙烯和/或丁烯-1作为共聚单体与乙烯一起使用时,这类共聚物的乙烯含量最优选在15-50%之间,虽然所存在的乙烯含量也可更高或更低。
这些聚合物是通过α-烯烃单体或是α-烯烃单体混合物或包括乙烯和至少一种C3-C28α-烯烃单体在内的混合物在包括至少一种金属茂(例如环戊二烯基-过渡金属化合物)和铝氧烷化合物的催化体系存在下进行聚合制成的。采用此方法可提供其中95%或更高比例的聚合物链具有末端亚乙烯基类不饱和点的聚合物。具有末端亚乙烯基不饱和点的聚合物链的百分比可用FTIR光谱分析法、滴定法或C13NMR法确定。后一类的共聚物可用式POLY-C(R1)=CH2表示,其中R1是C1-C26烷基、优选C1-C18烷基、更优选C1-C8烷基且最优选C1-C2烷基(如甲基或乙基),其中POLY代表聚合物链。R1烷基的链长将根据所选用于聚合反应的共聚单体不同而变动。少量聚合物链可含末端乙烯基不饱和点即POLY-CH=CH2,且一部分聚合物可含中间单不饱和点如POLY-CH=CH(R1),其中R1的定义同上。这些末端不饱和的共聚物可采用已知的金属茂化学来制备,也可按US专利5498809、5663130、5705577、5814715、6022929和6030930中所述方法制备。
另一类适用的聚合物是通过异丁烯、苯乙烯和类似物的阳离子聚合技术制备的聚合物。常见的此类聚合物包括通过将丁烯含量约35-75重量%和异丁烯含量约30-60重量%的炼厂C4料流在路易斯酸催化剂如三氯化铝或三氟化硼存在下进行聚合得到的聚异丁烯。制备聚正丁烯的优选单体源是石油供料如抽余油II。这些原料在本领域已有报道,例如参见US专利4952739。聚异丁烯是本发明最优选的骨架,因为它很容易由丁烯料流的阳离子聚合得到(例如用AlCl3或BF3催化剂)。这些聚异丁烯通常在聚合物链的某一位置上含残留不饱和点,数量约为每个聚合物链一个烯属双键。优选方案采用由纯异丁烯制成的聚异丁烯或是用抽余油I来制备带末端亚乙烯基烯烃的活性异丁烯聚合物。这些称为高活性聚异丁烯(HR-PIB)的聚合物优选含有至少65%如70%、更优选至少80%、最优选至少85%的末端亚乙烯基。这类聚合物的制备方法例如描述于US专利4152499中。HR-PIB是公知的且可在商品名GlissopalTM(来自BASF公司)和UltravisTM(来自BP-Amoco公司)下购得。
可采用的聚异丁烯通常以从约1800到3000的烃链为基础。制备聚异丁烯的方法是公知的。聚异丁烯可通过如下所述的卤化反应(如氯化反应)、热“烯”反应或通过使用催化剂(如过氧化物)的自由基接枝反应而被官能化。
烃或聚合物骨架例如可与羧酸形成部分(优选酸或酸酐部分)在聚合物或烃链的碳-碳不饱和点处或是聚合物链的任意位置,采用上述三种方法或其组合,以任何次序进行选择性官能化反应。
聚合物烃与不饱和羧酸、酸酐或酯的反应过程和制备该化合物的衍生物的方法公开于US专利3087936、3172892、3215707、3231587、3272746、3275554、3381022、3442808、3565804、3912764、4110349、4234435、5777025、5891953以及EP 0382450B1、CA-1335895和GB-A-1440219。聚合物或烃例如可用羧酸形成部分(优选酸或酸酐)进行官能化,是采用卤辅助的官能化(如卤化)反应或热“烯”反应,在能将官能团部分或试剂即酸、酸酐、酯部分等加成到主要是聚合物或烃链的碳-碳不饱和点(也称为烯属或烯不饱和)处的条件下使聚合物或烃进行反应。
选择性官能化反应可通过将氯或溴在60-250℃、优选110-160℃如120-140℃的温度下流经聚合物约0.5-10、优选1-7小时,将不饱和α-烯烃卤化如氯化或溴化成约1-8重量%、优选3-7重量%的氯或溴(以聚合物或烃重量计算)的方法来实现。然后将卤化的聚合物或烃(下文称骨架)与能将所需数目的官能团部分加成到骨架上的足量单不饱和反应试剂如单不饱和羧酸类反应物在100-250℃、通常约180-235℃下反应约0.5到10小时如3-8小时,这样得到的产物中每摩尔卤化骨架将含有预期摩尔数的单不饱和羧酸类反应物。或者,将骨架和单不饱和羧酸类反应物混合并加热,同时将氯加入热的物料中。
尽管氯化反应通常有助于提高起始烯烃聚合物与单不饱和官能化试剂的反应活性,但对于某些聚合物或骨架、特别是那些具有高末端键和高活性的优选聚合物来说,本发明中不需要用此方法。因此优选将骨架与单不饱和官能度的反应试剂如羧酸类反应物在升温条件下进行接触,引发最初的热烯”反应。烯反应是公知的。
烃或聚合物骨架可通过各种方法将官能团部分任意连接到聚合物链上。例如,可在自由基引发剂存在下,将溶液或固体形式的聚合物用如上所述的单不饱和羧酸类反应物进行接枝。溶液法操作时,接枝反应在升温至约100到260℃范围、优选120-240℃的条件下进行。自由基引发的接枝反应优选在含例如1-50重量%、优选5-30重量%聚合物(以最初的总油溶液重量计算)的矿物润滑油溶液中实施。
可用的自由基引发剂是过氧化物、氢过氧化物和偶氮化合物,优选沸点大于约100℃且能在接枝反应温度范围内热分解来提供自由基的化合物。这些自由基引发剂的代表性例子是偶氮丁腈、过氧化2,5-二甲基己-3-烯-2,5-二叔丁基和过氧化二枯烯。引发剂(当使用时)的典型用量为0.005%到1%(重)之间(以反应混合物溶液的重量计)。上述单不饱和羧酸类反应物和自由基引发剂使用时的重量比范围一般从约1.0∶1到30∶1、优选3∶1到6∶1。接枝反应优选在惰性气氛中如氮气覆盖层下进行。得到的接枝聚合物的特征是羧酸(或酯或酸酐)部分随机连接到聚合物链上。当然,应该理解的一点是某些聚合物链并未接枝。上述自由基接枝反应可用于本发明另一些聚合物和烃。
优选用来将骨架官能化的单不饱和试剂包括一元和二元羧酸物质即酸、酸酐或羧酸酯物质,包括(i)单不饱和的C4-C10二元羧酸,其中(a)羧基是邻位基(即位于相邻碳原子上)和(b)上述相邻碳原子中的一个、优选两个是所述的单不饱和部分;(ii)(i)的衍生物如酸酐或C1-C5醇衍生的(i)的单或二酯;(iii)单不饱和的C3-C10一元羧酸,其中碳-碳双键与羧基共轭,即结构-C=C-CO-的化合物;和(iv)(iii)的衍生物如C1-C5醇衍生的(iii)的单或二酯。也可使用单不饱和羧酸类物质(i)-(iv)的混合物。当与骨架反应时,单不饱和羧酸类反应物的不饱和点变饱和。例如马来酸酐变为骨架取代的琥珀酸酐,丙烯酸变为骨架取代的丙酸。这类单不饱和羧酸类反应物的实例是富马酸、衣康酸、马来酸、马来酸酐、氯代马来酸、氯代马来酸酐、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、肉桂酸和上述酸的低碳烷醇(如C1-C4烷醇)酯如马来酸甲酯、富马酸乙酯和富马酸甲酯。
为提供所需的官能度,单不饱和羧酸类反应物、优选马来酸酐的用量一般从等摩尔量到约100重量%过量、优选5-50重量%过量(以聚合物或烃的摩尔数计)。若需要的话,未反应的过量单不饱和羧酸类反应物例如可通过汽提法、通常是在真空条件下汽提的方法从最终的分散剂产品中移出。
然后将官能化的油溶性聚合物烃骨架与含氮亲核试剂如胺、氨基-醇、酰胺或其混合物进行衍生化反应,形成相应的衍生物。优选胺混合物。适合用来将官能化聚合物衍生化的胺化合物包括至少一种胺,且可包括一或多种另外的胺或其它活性或极性基团。这些胺可以是烃基胺,或可以主要是烃基胺,但其中的烃基包括其它基团如羟基、烷氧基、酰氨基、硝基、咪唑啉基等。特别适用的胺化合物包括单胺或多胺,如总碳原子数约2-60如2-40(例如3-20)的聚亚烷基和聚氧亚烷基多胺,其每分子所含的氮原子数约1-12个如3-12、优选3-9、最优选约6-7个。最好是使用胺化合物的混合物,如通过亚烷基二卤化物与氨的反应制成的胺。优选的胺是脂族饱和胺,例如包括1,2-乙二胺、1,3-丙二胺、1,4-丁二胺、1,6-己二胺,聚亚乙基胺如二乙三胺、三乙四胺、四乙五胺,和聚亚丙基胺如1,2-丙二胺,和二-(1,2-亚丙基)三胺。这类称为PAM的多胺混合物可市购。特别优选的多胺混合物是通过将PAM产物中轻馏分蒸馏出后得到的混合物。得到的称为“重”PAM或HPAM的混合物也可市购。PAM和/或HPAM的性质和特征例如参见US专利4938881、4927551、5230714、5241003、5565128、5756431、5792730和5854186中的描述。
其它适用的胺化合物包括脂环族二胺如1,4-二(氨基甲基)环己烷和杂环氮化合物如咪唑啉。另一类适用的胺是US专利4857217、4956107、4963275和5229022中所披露的聚酰胺和相关酰氨基-胺。另一适用的胺是US专利4102798、4113639、4116876和UK989409所述的三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷(TAM)。也可使用树枝型、星型胺和梳状结构的胺。类似地,也可使用如US专利5053152中所述的缩合型胺。官能化聚合物与胺化合物的反应可采用如US专利4234435和5229022以及EP-A-208560所述的常规技术进行。
优选的分散剂组合物包括至少一种聚链烯基琥珀酰亚胺,它是偶联比约从0.65到1.25、优选约从0.8到1.1、最优选约从0.9到1的聚链烯基取代琥珀酸酐(如PIBSA)与多胺(PAM)的反应产物。在本说明书中,“偶联比”的定义是PIBSA中琥珀酰基数与多胺反应物中伯胺基团数之比。
另一类高分子量无灰分散剂包括曼尼期碱缩合产物。这些产物通常是通过将约1mol长链烷基取代的单或多羟基苯与约1-2.5mol羰基化合物(如甲醛和多聚甲醛)和约0.5-2mol聚亚烷基多胺进行缩合反应制成的,例如参见US专利3442808的公开内容。这类曼尼期碱缩合产物可包括金属茂催化的聚合成苯基上取代基的聚合产物,或者可按类似US专利3442808所述方法与含有取代在琥珀酸酐上的这类聚合物的化合物进行反应。使用金属茂催化剂合成的官能化和/或衍生化烯烃聚合物的实例描述于上面同一公开文献中。
本发明的分散剂优选是非聚合物型(例如是单或二琥珀酰亚胺类)。进一步优选分散剂或多种分散剂能为润滑油组合物提供总量从约0.10-0.20重量%、优选从约0.115-0.18重量%、最优选从约0.12-0.16重量%的氮。
分散剂可采用如US专利3087936、3254025和5430105中所概述的常规方法进行硼酸化。硼酸化过程很容易通过将酰基含氮分散剂用其量足以为每摩尔酰基含氮组合物提供从约0.1-20原子比硼的硼化合物如氧化硼、卤化硼、硼酸和硼酸酯处理的方法来实施。
据信在产物中似乎是以脱水硼酸聚合物(主要是(HBO2)3)形式存在的硼是以胺盐形式连接到分散剂酰亚胺和二酰亚胺上如二酰亚胺的偏硼酸盐。硼酸化的实施过程是将足量的硼化合物、优选硼酸、通常是以淤浆形式加入到酰基氮化合物中并搅拌下于从约135℃-190℃如140℃-170℃的温度加热约1-5小时,然后汽提出氮。或者,硼处理过程可通过将硼酸加入到二羧酸物质和胺的热反应混合物中同时移出水的方法来实施。也可采用其它已知的后反应过程。
可通过将硼化合物与油溶性或油分散性添加剂或化合物反应的方法来制备非分散剂硼源。硼化合物包括氧化硼、氧化硼水合物、三氧化硼、四氟化硼、三溴化硼、三氯化硼、硼的酸如正硼酸(boronic acid)、硼酸(boric acid)、四硼酸和偏硼酸、氢化硼、氨基硼和硼酸的各种酯。适用的“非分散剂硼源”可包括任何油溶性的含硼化合物,但优选包括一或多种已知的能使润滑油组合物性能提高的含硼添加剂。这类含硼添加剂例如包括硼酸化分散剂VI改进剂,碱金属、混合的碱金属或碱土金属硼酸盐,硼酸化高碱性金属清净剂,硼酸化环氧化物和氨基硼。
碱金属和碱土金属硼酸盐通常是水合的特定金属硼酸盐。是本领域所公知的。碱金属硼酸盐包括混合的碱金属和碱土金属硼酸盐。这些金属硼酸盐可市购。描述碱金属和碱土金属硼酸盐及其制备方法的代表性专利包括US专利3997454、3819521、3853772、3907601、3997454和4089790。
硼酸化胺的制备方法可以是将一或多种上述硼化合物与一或多种脂肪族胺如有从4-18个碳原子的胺进行反应。可通过将胺与硼化合物在从50-300、优选从100-250℃的温度下按从约3∶1到1∶3的胺与硼化合物当量比进行反应来制备它们。
硼酸化脂肪族环氧化物通常是一或多种上述硼化合物与至少一种环氧化物的反应产物。环氧化物一般是有从8-30、优选从10-24、更优选从12-20个碳原子的脂族环氧化物。适用的脂族环氧化物的实例包括环氧庚烷和环氧辛烷。也可使用环氧化物的混合物,例如是市购的有从14-16个碳原子和有从14-18个碳原子的环氧化物的混合物。硼酸化脂肪族环氧化物一般是公知的,且在US专利4584115中有所描述。
硼酸酯的制备方法可以是将一或多种上述硼化合物与一或多种适当亲油性的醇进行反应。一般来说,醇含有从6-30或从8-24个碳原子。制备这类硼酸酯的方法是本领域公知的。
硼酸酯可以是硼酸化磷脂。这类化合物及这类化合物的制备方法描述于EP-A-0684298。硼酸化高碱性金属清净剂是本领域公知的,其中的硼酸根部分或全部取代了核内的碳酸根。
氧化抑制剂或称抗氧剂能减少矿物油在使用中变质的倾向。氧化变质可用润滑油中的淤泥和在金属表面产生漆状沉积物以及用粘度增加来证实。这类抗氧剂包括受阻酚类,优选有C5-C12烷基侧链的烷基酚硫代酯的碱土金属盐,硫化壬基酚钙,油溶性酚盐和硫化酚盐,硫磷化或硫化烃或酯,磷酯,硫代氨基甲酸金属盐,和U.S.4867890中所述的油溶性铜化合物,和含钼化合物。
按照本发明,润滑油组合物中含有至少1.2重量%如1.2-5重量%、优选从1.3-5.0重量%、重要性从约1.4-2.0重量%的受阻酚抗氧剂(以润滑油组合物总重量计)。一般来说,受阻酚是在一个位置或两个邻位取代的油溶性酚。适宜的化合物包括单羟基和单核受阻酚如2,6-二叔烷基苯酚(例如2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚、2-叔丁基苯酚、4-烷基-2,6-叔丁基苯酚、2,6-二异丙基苯酚和2,6-二甲基-1,4-叔丁基苯酚)。其它适宜的受阻酚包括多羟基和多核酚如亚烷基桥联受阻酚(4,4-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基邻甲酚)、4,4’-亚甲基双(2-叔戊基邻甲酚)和2,2’-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚))。受阻酚可以进行硼酸化处理,在此情况下受阻酚将对润滑油组合物的硼含量有所贡献,或者进行硫化处理。优选的受阻酚具有很好的油溶性和较低的挥发性。
可将另外的添加剂引入本发明的组合物中,以满足实际操作的需要。可包括在本发明润滑油组合物中的添加剂的实例是辅助的无磷抗氧剂、清净剂、金属防锈剂、粘度指数改进剂、防腐剂、消泡剂、倾点下降剂。下文对一些添加剂将进一步详细讨论。
适用于本发明的非前述受阻酚型抗氧剂的无磷辅助抗氧剂包括优选有C5-C12烷基侧链的烷基酚硫代酯的碱土金属盐、硫化壬基酚钙、无灰油溶性酚盐和硫化酚盐及硫磷化或硫化烃。
至少有两个芳基直接连在氮上的芳胺构成另一类常用来抗氧化的化合物。尽管可少量使用这些物质,但本发明的优选方案不含这些化合物。典型的至少有两个芳基直接连在一个胺的氮上的油溶性芳胺含从6-16个碳原子。胺可含两个以上的芳基。总芳基数至少3个,其中两个通过共价键或通过一个原子或基团(如氧或硫,或-CO-、-SO2-或亚烷基)键连和两个直接连到一个胺的氮上的化合物也看成是至少有两个芳基直接连在氮上的芳胺。芳环一般可被一或多个选自烷基、环烷基、烷氧基、芳氧基、酰基、酰氨基、羟基和硝基的取代基所取代。当需要时,优选使用至少一种受阻酚和芳胺抗氧剂或是组合使用。
含金属或成灰清净剂的作用是减少或脱除沉积物并起酸中和剂或防锈剂作用,从而减少磨损和腐蚀,延长发动机寿命。清净剂包括一个极性头和长链憎水尾,极性头包括酸性有机化合物的金属盐。盐可含有基本按化学计量的金属,在此情况下,它们通常被描述为中式盐或中性盐,且其总碱值(TBN)(可通过ASTM D2896方法测定)一般从0到80。可通过过量金属化合物如氧化物或氢氧化物与酸性气体如二氧化碳反应来引入大量金属碱。得到的高碱性清净剂包括作为金属碱(如碳酸盐)胶束外层的中和清净剂。这类高碱性清净剂的TBN为150或更高,一般从250-450或更高。
可用的清净剂包括油溶性中性或高碱性的金属、特别是碱金属或碱土金属如钡、钠、钾、锂、钙和镁的磺酸盐、酚盐、硫化酚盐、硫代磷酸盐、水杨酸盐和环烷酸盐及其它油溶性羧酸盐。最常用的金属是钙和镁,二者都可在润滑剂所用的清净剂中存在,以及钙和/或镁与钠的混合物。特别方便的金属清净剂是TBN从20-450的中性和高碱性磺酸钙、TBN从50-450的中性或高碱性酚钙和硫酸化酚钙,和TBN从20到450的中性和高碱性水杨酸镁或钙。在一个优选润滑油组合物中,可组合使用多种清净剂,无论是高碱性或中性或二者兼有均可。
磺酸盐通常由磺酸来制备的,一般是通过例如来自石油分馏过程或通过芳烃的烷基化反应获得的烷基取代芳烃的磺化反应得到的,实例包括由苯、甲苯、二甲苯、萘、联苯或其卤代衍生物如氯苯和氯萘的烷基化反应获得的烷基取代芳烃。烷基化反应可在催化剂与烷基化试剂如3到70个以上碳原子的烯烃存在下进行。烷芳基磺酸盐中每个烷基取代芳基部分通常含从约9到80个或更多的碳原子,优选从约16到60个碳原子。
油溶性磺酸盐或烷芳基磺酸可用金属的氧化物、氢氧化物、烷氧化物、碳酸盐、羧酸盐、硫化物、氢硫化物、硝酸盐、硼酸盐和醚来中和。金属化合物的量要依据所期望的最终产品TBN来选定,但典型范围为所需化学计量值的约100到220重量%(优选至少125重量%)。
酚和硫化酚的金属盐是通过与适当金属化合物如氧化物或氢氧化物进行反应来制备的,且可通过本领域公知的方法得到中性或高碱性产品。硫化酚可通过酚与硫或含硫化合物如硫化氢、一卤化硫或二卤化硫的反应来制备,所形成的产物通常是混合型化合物,其中两或多种酚通过含硫桥基桥联。
羧酸盐清净剂如水杨酸盐可通过芳族羧酸与适当金属化合物如氧化物或氢氧化物进行反应来制备,且可通过本领域公知的方法得到中性或高碱性产品。芳族羧酸的芳基部分可含有杂原子如氮和氧,优选该部分仅含碳原子,更优选该部分含6个或更多碳原子,例如该部分优选为苯。芳族羧酸可含一或多个芳基部分如一个或多个稠合或是通过亚烷基桥连的苯环,羧基可直接或间接与芳基部分连接。优选羧基直接连到芳基部分的碳原子上,如苯环的碳原子上。更优选芳基部分还含有第二种官能团如羟基或磺酰基,它们可直接或间接与芳基部分上的碳原子连接。
芳族羧酸的优选实例是水杨酸及其硫化衍生物,如烃基取代的水杨酸及其衍生物。例如烃基取代水杨酸的硫化方法是本领域技术人员已知的。水杨酸一般是通过酚盐的羧化反应例如采用Kolbe-Schmitt法制备的,在此情况下,一般所得产物通常是在稀释剂中的与未羧化酚的混合物形式。
油溶性水杨酸中的优选取代基是烷基取代基。在烷基取代水杨酸中,烷基最好包含5-100、优选9-30、尤其是14-20个碳原子。如果超过一个烷基,所有烷基中的平均碳原子数优选至少为9以保证足够的油溶性。
通常用于本发明润滑油组合物配方的清净剂还包括与混合表面活性剂体系形成的“混合”型清净剂,如酚盐/水杨酸盐、磺酸盐/酚盐、磺酸盐/水杨酸盐、磺酸盐/酚盐/水杨酸盐,例如参见美国待审专利申请号09/180435和09/180436及US专利6153565和6281179。
为用于重型柴油机而配制的润滑油组合物需要较高的酸中和能力,因此按本发明的润滑油组合物将含一或多种清净剂,其含量应足以为润滑油组合物提供大于约8、如8-14、优选大于9如约9-14、更优选大于10如约10-14的TBN值。
常常会将清净剂或其它添加剂加入润滑油或有稀释剂的添加剂浓缩液中,这样所加重量仅有一部分代表活性成分(A.I.)。例如,添加剂可与等量稀释剂一起加入,此时,“添加剂”是50%A.I.清净剂。本文所用术语重量百分比[重量%],在应用于清净剂或其它添加剂时是指活性成分的重量。为向润滑油组合物提供所需的TBN值,在为用于重型柴油发动机而配制润滑油组合物中清净剂可占约0.5-5重量%、优选约0.8-3.8重量%、最优选约1.2-3重量%。
粘度改进剂(VM)起赋予润滑油高温和低温操作性的作用。VM可为单功能的或多功能的。适用的粘度改进剂的代表性实例是聚异丁烯,乙烯与丙烯共聚物,聚甲基丙烯酸酯,甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物,不饱和二元羧酸和乙烯基化合物的共聚物,苯乙烯与丙烯酸酯的共聚物,和部分氢化的苯乙烯/异戊二烯、苯乙烯/丁二烯和异戊二烯/丁二烯共聚物,以及部分氢化的丁二烯和异戊二烯均聚物。还另起分散剂作用的多功能粘度改进剂也是已知的。
粘度指数改进分散剂同时起粘度指数改进剂和分散剂的作用。粘度指数改进分散剂的实例包括胺如多胺与烃基取代的一元或二元羧酸的反应产物,其中烃基取代基包括长度足以赋予化合物粘度改进性能的链。一般来说,粘度指数改进分散剂例如可以是乙烯基醇的C4-C24不饱和酯或C3-C10不饱和一元羧酸或C4-C10不饱和二元羧酸与4-20个碳原子的不饱和含氮单体的聚合物,C2-C20烯烃与用胺、羟胺或醇中和的C3-C10不饱和一元或二元羧酸的聚合物,或是乙烯与C3-C20烯烃聚合并进一步接枝上C4-C20不饱和含氮单体或将不饱和酸接枝到聚合物骨架上然后接枝酸的羧基与胺、羟胺或醇反应所得到聚合物。
倾点下降剂又称润滑油流动改进剂,能使流体可流动或倾倒的最低温度降低。这类添加剂是众所周知的。能改进流体低温流动性的添加剂的典型代表是富马酸C8-C18二烷醇酯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸烷醇酯等。
可包括一些能与成品油其它成分相容的摩擦改进剂和燃料经济性助剂。这类材料的实例包括高级脂肪酸的甘油单酯如甘油单油酸酯,长链多元羧酸与二元醇的酯如二聚的不饱和脂肪酸的丁二醇酯,噁唑啉化合物,和烷氧基化的烷基取代单胺、二胺和烷基醚胺,例如乙氧基化牛脂胺和乙氧基化牛脂醚胺。
其它已知的摩擦改进剂包括油溶性有机钼化合物。这些有机钼摩擦改进剂也能作为润滑油组合物的抗氧剂和抗磨剂。这类油溶性有机钼化合物可举出的实例是二硫代氨基甲酸盐、二硫代磷酸盐、二硫代亚膦酸盐、黄原酸盐、黄原酸盐、硫代黄原酸盐、硫化物等,以及它们的混合物。特别优选的是二硫代氨基甲酸钼、二烷基二硫代磷酸钼、烷基黄原酸钼和烷基硫代黄原酸钼。
另外,钼化合物可以是酸性钼化合物。这些化合物将与按ASTM试验D-664或D2896滴定法测定的碱性含氮化合物反应,且一般为六价。包括钼酸、钼酸铵、钼酸钠、钼酸钾和其它碱金属钼酸盐和其它钼酸盐如钼酸氢钠、MoOCl4、MoO2Br2、Mo2O3Cl6、三氧化钼或类似的酸性钼化合物。
钼化合物中,适用于本发明组合物的是下式的有机钼化合物:
Mo(ROCS2)4和
Mo(RSCS2)4
其中R是选自通常为1-30个碳原子且优选2-12个碳原子的烷基、芳基、芳烷基和烷氧烷基的有机基团,且最优选是2-12个碳原子的烷基。特别优选的是二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼。
适用于本发明润滑油组合物的另一类有机钼化合物是三核钼化合物,特别是分子式Mo3SkLnQz的钼化合物和它们的混合物,其中L独立选自带有机基团的配体,其中的有机基团有足以使化合物溶于或分散于油中的碳原子数,n为1-4,k在4-7间变动,Q选自中性供电子化合物,例如水、胺类、醇类、膦类和醚类,且z的范围为0-5并包括非化学计量值。在所有配体的有机基团中,应有总计至少21个碳原子,例如至少25个、至少30个或至少35个碳原子。
配体独立选自以下基团及其混合物:
-X-R 1,
和
式中X、X1、X2和Y独立选自氧和硫基,R1、R2和R独立选自氢和相同的或不同的有机基团。有机基团优选为烃基,例如烷基(例如其中连接配体残基的碳原子为伯或仲碳原子)、芳基、取代芳基和醚基。更优选每一个配体有相同的烃基。
术语“烃基”是指带有直接与配体残基相连碳原子的取代基,并在本发明中主要为烃基特性。这样的取代基包括如下取代基:
1.烃取代基,即脂族(例如链烷基或链烯基)、脂环族(例如环烷基或环烯基)取代基,芳族、脂族和脂环族取代的芳核等,以及其中的环是通过与另一部分配体共构的环状取代基(即任两个所示的取代基一起形成脂环基)。
2.取代的烃取代基,即包含那些不会改变本发明中取代基主要烃基特性的非烃类基团。本专业技术人员知道这些适合的基团(例如卤特别是氯和氟、氨基、烷氧基、巯基、烷基巯基、硝基、亚硝基、硫氧基等)。
3.杂取代基,即在本应由碳组成的链或环中存在非碳原子同时在本发明中主要是烃基性质的取代基。
重要的是,配体的有机基团有足够数目的碳原子,以便使化合物能溶于或分散于油中。例如,在每一基团中的碳原子数通常为约1至约100、优选约1至约30且更优选约4至约20之间。优选的配体包括二烷基二硫代磷酸根、烷基黄原酸根和二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸根,二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸根是最优选的。含两个或多个上述官能团的有机配体也能作为配体并键接一或多个核。本专业技术人员应认识到,本发明化合物的形成需要选择有适当电荷的配体,以便平衡核的电荷。
式Mo3SkLnQz的化合物具有被阴离子配体包围的阳离子核,其中阳离子核用如下结构式表示:
和
其净电荷为+4。因此,为增溶这些核芯,全部配体的总电荷必需为-4,优选4个单阴离子配体。尽管不希望受任何理论的束缚,但据信两个或两个以上的三核核芯可通过一个或多个配体键连或相互连接,且配体可为多齿化合物。这类结构属于本发明范围。这包括具有多个连接点到一个核上的多齿化合物。据信氧和/或硒可替代核芯中的硫。
油溶性或分散性三核钼化合物可通过在适当的液体/溶剂中将钼源例如(NH4)2Mo3S13·n(H2O)(n在0-2之间变动且包括非化学计量值)与适宜配体源例如二硫化四烷基秋兰姆反应来制备。其它油溶性或分散性三核钼化合物可以在适当溶剂中将钼源例如(NH4)2Mo3S13·n(H2O)、诸如二硫化四烷基秋兰姆、二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸盐或二烷基二硫代磷酸盐的配体源和诸如氰根离子、亚硫酸离子或取代膦的夺硫剂进行反应来形成。或者,三核钼-硫卤化物盐例如[M′]2[Mo3S7A6](M′为反离子,A为卤素例如Cl、Br或I)可与配体源例如二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸盐或二烷基二硫代瞵酸盐在适当液体/溶剂中反应,生成油溶性或分散性三核钼化合物。适当的液体/溶剂例如可为水溶液或有机溶液。
化合物的油溶性或分散性可受配体的有机基团中碳原子数的影响。在本发明的化合物中,在所有配体的有机基团中,应有总计至少21个碳原子存在。优选所选配体源在其有机基团中有足够的碳原子数以使润滑油组合物中的该化合物具有油溶性或分散性。
本文所用术语“油溶性”或“分散性”不一定指化合物或添加剂可以任何比例易溶、溶解、混溶或能悬浮于油中,而是指它们在油中能溶解或稳定分散成足以使其在油使用环境中能发挥预期效果的程度。并且,若需要的话,另外并入的其它添加剂也可允许并入更高含量的特种添加剂。
钼化合物优选是一种有机钼化合物。并且,钼化合物优选自二硫代氨基甲酸钼(MoDTC)、二硫代磷酸钼、二硫代亚膦酸钼、黄原酸钼和硫代黄原酸钼、硫化钼及其混合物。最优选钼化合物以二硫代氨基甲酸钼的形式存在。钼化合物也可是三核钼化合物。
可使用选自非离子型聚(氧化烯)多醇及其酯、聚(氧化烯)酚和阴离子型磺酸烷醇酯的防锈剂。
可使用阻止铜和铅轴承腐蚀的添加剂,但本发明的配方中一般不需要用。这类化合物一般是含5-50个碳原子的噻二唑多硫化物、它们的衍生物及其聚合物。1,3,4噻二唑的衍生物如描述于US专利2719125、2719126和3087932的化合物就是典型的例子。其它类似的物质描述于US专利3821236、3904537、4097387、4107059、4136043、4188299和4193882。其它添加剂是噻二唑的硫代和多硫代亚磺酰胺,如描述于UK专利说明书1560830的化合物。苯并三唑衍生物也属于这类添加剂。当润滑油组合物中包括这些化合物时,优选其存在量不超过0.2重量%活性成分。
可使用少量的破乳剂组分。特别适用的破乳剂组分描述于EP330522,是通过将环氧烷与一种双环氧化物与多元醇反应得到的加合物进行反应获得的。破乳剂应按不超过0.1质量%活性成分的量使用。常规的处理比率为0.001-0.05质量%活性成分。
包括聚硅氧烷类消泡剂在内的许多化合物可提供抑制泡沫的作用,如硅油或聚二甲基硅氧烷。
在本发明中,必须要包括维持调合品粘度稳定性的添加剂。因此,尽管含极性基团的添加剂在预调合阶段能达到适宜的低粘度,但已发现,某些组合物长期储存时粘度会增加。能有效控制粘度增加的添加剂包括通过与制备前文所述无灰分散剂所用一元或二元羧酸或酸酐的反应而官能化的长链烃。
可用任何方便的方式将各单种添加剂引入。例如,每种组分都可通过将其以所需的浓度分散或溶于基料或调合基础油中的方法直接加到基料或调合基础油中。这样的调合过程可在常温下或在升温下进行。
优选将除粘度改进剂和倾点下降剂外的所有添加剂在本文称作添加剂包的浓缩液或添加剂包中进行调合,然后再调合到基料中,制成成品润滑油。一般是配制含有适当量添加剂的浓缩液,以便当浓缩液与预定数量的基础润滑油合并时能在最终的配方中提供所需的浓度。
浓缩液优选按US4,938,880中描述的方法制备。该专利描述了制备无灰分散剂和金属清净剂的预混物,它可至少约100℃下预掺混。随后,将预混物冷却到至少85℃并加入另外的组分。
最终的曲轴箱润滑油配方可使用2-20质量%、优选4-18质量%、最优选约5-17质量%的浓缩液或添加剂包,其余为基础油。优选本发明的润滑油组合物将含0到小于1重量%如0.1-0.8重量%、优选0到小于0.6重量%如0.1-0.6重量%、更优选0到小于0.4重量%如0.1-0.4重量%的硫。还优选完全配好的润滑油组合物(润滑粘度油+全部添加剂)的NOACK挥发性不大于17如不大于15、优选不大于13。
参照以下实施例将能更进一步理解本发明,除非另有注明,其中所有百分比均为活性成分重量,且这些实施例包括本发明优选实施方案。
实施例
使用同一基料、清净剂和消泡剂以及表2所示的抗氧剂、分散剂和ZDDP形成15W 40等级润滑油组合物。分散剂的量调整到能为每种样品提供大致相当的分散性。实施例C1代表含较高含量磷的APICI-4润滑油。实施例C2代表与C1成分相同,但所含的ZDDP量只在润滑油组合物中引入了0.60重量%的磷。实施例I1代表本发明的低磷(0.06重量%)润滑油组合物。
表2
实施例C1 | 实施例C2 | 实施例I1 | |
非硼酸化分散剂 | 9.200重量% | 9.200重量% | 8.364重量% |
硼酸化分散剂 | … | … | 2.300重量% |
二苯胺抗氧剂 | 0.389重量% | 0.389重量% | … |
受阻酚抗氧剂 | 0.440重量% | 0.440重量% | 1.400重量% |
ZDDP | 1.650重量% | 0.750重量% | 0.750重量% |
磷含量 | 0.132重量% | 0.060重量% | 0.060重量% |
硼含量 | … | … | 300ppm |
硼含量 | … | … | 0.030重量% |
硫酸化灰分含量 | 1.31 | 1.16 | 1.07 |
润滑油TBN | 11.1 | 11.0 | 10.1 |
将上述每种润滑油组合物进行API CI-4合格证所需特性的试验。润滑油组合物C1提供了CI-4合格证所需要的所有性能,但C1中的磷含量将使所述润滑油组合物对氧化和还原催化剂有不利影响。润滑油组合物C2减少了ZDDP的用量,因而使磷含量降低而不能通过APICI-4所需的抗磨试验(Mack T10)和十字头磨损试验(Cummins M11EGR)。相反,实施例I1的润滑油组合物所含ZDDP量与C2相同,但加入了受阻酚抗氧剂来代替二苯胺抗氧剂,使组合物含大于1.2重量%的受阻酚抗氧剂并加入了300ppm硼,就通过了API CI-4所需的全部试验,其磷含量使所述组合物适用于装配含氧化和/或还原催化剂后处理装置的重型柴油机。
将上述润滑油组合物进一步进行Cummins Bench腐蚀试验或HTCBCT(ASTM D 5968)。结果列于下表3。
表3
实施例C1 | 实施例C2 | 实施例I1 | 通过值 | |
铜 | 5 | 6 | 8 | <20 |
铅 | 39 | 165 | 48 | <120 |
锡 | 0 | -2 | 3 | <50 |
同样,含标准量ZDDP的实施例C1能通过试验。ZDDP量减少并组合使用二苯胺和受阻酚抗氧剂的实施例C2不能提供所需水平的防铅腐蚀性。相反,实施例I1的润滑油组合物所含ZDDP量与C2相同,但加入了受阻酚抗氧剂来代替二苯胺抗氧剂,使组合物含大于1.2重量%的受阻酚抗氧剂,并加入了300硼,就能够通过HTCBT试验,其磷含量使所述组合物适用于装配含氧化和/或还原催化剂后处理装置的重型柴油机。
本文所述的所有专利、文章和其它资料的全部内容都引入本说明书作为参考。以“包括”多种所定义组分形式描述的“组合物”应解释为包括通过将所定义的多种所定义组分混合而形成的组合物。上面的说明书中已描述了本发明的原理、优选实施方案和操作模式。但是,不能认为本申请人所提交的发明只限于所公开的具体实施方案,因为所公开的具体实施方案应视为例示性而非限定性方案。在不背离本发明精神实质的前提下,本领域技术人员可做各种改动。
Claims (10)
1.一种总碱值至少约8的润滑油组合物,所述组合物包括
(a)主要量的润滑粘度油;
(b)引入润滑油组合物的一或多种二烃基二硫代磷酸金属盐的量不超过0.06重量%的磷;
(c)至少1.2重量%的受阻酚抗氧剂;和
(d)能为润滑油组合物提供至少200ppm(重)硼量的硼或者含硼化合物或多种含硼化合物。
2.权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其中所述润滑油组合物是APICI-4润滑油。
3.权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其中所述受阻酚抗氧剂的量至少为1.4重量%。
4.权利要求1的润滑油组合物,含不超过0.05重量%的磷。
5.权利要求4的润滑油组合物,含从约0.02-0.05重量%的磷。
6.权利要求1的润滑油组合物,硫含量小于约1.0重量%。
7.权利要求6的润滑油组合物,硫含量小于约0.06重量%的硫。
8.权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其中由至少一种选自硼酸化分散剂、硼酸化清净剂和硼酸化抗氧剂的硼酸化添加剂来提供所述的硼。
9.一种装配含氧化和/或还原催化剂后处理装置的重型柴油发动机,该发动机用权利要求1的润滑油组合物进行润滑。
10.一种装配含氧化和/或还原催化剂后处理装置的重型柴油发动机的运转方法,该方法包括将所述发动机用权利要求1的润滑油组合物进行润滑。
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