CN1352594A - 超声熔接装置 - Google Patents

超声熔接装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1352594A
CN1352594A CN99811867A CN99811867A CN1352594A CN 1352594 A CN1352594 A CN 1352594A CN 99811867 A CN99811867 A CN 99811867A CN 99811867 A CN99811867 A CN 99811867A CN 1352594 A CN1352594 A CN 1352594A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
packaging bag
ultrasonic
utmost point
welding
gap
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Granted
Application number
CN99811867A
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English (en)
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CN1184065C (zh
Inventor
丹尼尔·布兰查德
帕特里克·福尔
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Mars Inc
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MASTFORDS PARTNER CO Ltd
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Publication of CN1352594A publication Critical patent/CN1352594A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B29C65/7443—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc by means of ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242—Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7234—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
    • B29C66/72341—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer for gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81415—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81415—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled
    • B29C66/81417—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled being V-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/922—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9231—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the displacement of the joining tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/9241—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/9517—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools characterised by specific vibration amplitude values or ranges
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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Abstract

本发明关于超声熔接装置(100),用于将沿确定路线(F)连续运行的至少两块迭层塑料板(1,2)熔接在一起,该装置(100)包括一个超声极(101)和一个砧座(102),它们相互面对,使它们的面对的表面(101′,102′)确定一通过间隙(103),迭层板(1,2)穿过该间隙,该间隙具有入口部分(104)和出口部分(105),超声极高频振动以发射超声波。按照本发明,砧座是固定的,上述超声极和砧座的面对的表面通常是平面,并相互聚合使上述通过间隙在入口部分和出口部分之间连续减小。

Description

超声熔接装置
本发明关于用超声波将至少沿连续的确定的路线运行的两块迭合的塑料板熔接在一起的装置。
本发明尤其关于一种类型的装置，它包括一个超声极和砧座，它们面对面放置，使它们面对的表面确定待熔接在一起的迭层板穿过的间隙，该间隙具有入口部分和出口部分，超声极在高频上振动以发射超声波。
本发明还关于用上述超声熔接装置熔接封闭柔性包装袋的方法，特别是封闭充填和封闭后进行保藏处理的包装袋，每个包装袋具有由它们的侧边缘连在一起的两个侧部，每个侧部具有塑料的内侧面和外侧面，一个轻金属的中间层夹在内、外侧面之间。
本发明还关于一种柔性包装袋，特别一种是在充填和封闭后进行保藏处理的包装袋，该包装袋包括由它们的侧边连在一起的两个侧部，每个侧部具有塑料的内侧面和外侧面，一层轻金属的中间层夹在内、外侧面之间，其中包装袋是由一种特殊方法封闭的。
本发明可特别有利地用于小袋或香袋上，用以包装食品、特别是动物食品，这种小袋设计成能密封封装、并在充填和封闭后进行热处理。
目前，这种包装袋具有各种形式。
它们可以是扁平的，具有三或四条熔接线，它们也可是风箱形的，具有三个热熔接的侧边和一个风箱形热熔接的底。
这种包装袋可具有两个侧部风箱、或相应放置顶和底部的两个风箱，它们的侧边缘均是热熔接的。
这些包装袋在湿润的大气和压力下，通过加热灭菌。
为了能经受热处理，它们用一层或多层特殊结构的薄膜制成。
特别之处是，它们由一层或多层薄膜制成，每个薄膜包括一个顶层和一个底层，它们构成上述塑料包装袋的外侧和内侧面，在上述顶层和底层之间夹有一中间层，该中间层由轻金属制成。
顶层通常是聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯层，有选择地与一层聚酰胺结合在一起。
中间层由铝制成，底层是一层聚丙烯，有选择地与一层聚酰胺结合在一起。
在这些层之间，涂有相应的胶层，从而将各层粘在一起。
另外，聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯层可以印在内侧面上，用以装饰上述包装袋的外侧。
作为一个通则，该聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯层用作印刷介质，由它确定包装袋的外观。
铝制中间层形成气体、特别是氧气和水蒸汽的阻挡层，从而使包装袋内的材料与外部隔离。
聚酰胺层构成抗穿刺层，这在以后包装袋的应用中是必须的，聚丙烯层用作组装该包装袋的熔接介质，它提供了包装袋的基本机械强度，还在上述包装袋的熔接线上提供了防漏密封。
这种包装袋可装湿润的固体、液体或固体和液体装在一起。
起初充填打开的包装袋，然后用夹子封闭使它们的横向边缘压在一起，从而使它们的侧部的顶边缘相互朝向移动。
这种包装袋通常由下列方法封闭，通过对中间的铝层加热使每个包装袋侧部封闭在一起的顶部边缘与每个侧部上的聚丙烯内层熔接。
在熔接后，再进行冷却以增强以这种方法提供的熔接。
以这种方法提供的熔接线通常至少为6mm宽(在垂直方向)，以此保证足够的强度，在以后的消毒上述小包装的步骤中能密封防漏。
上述进行加热的方法能在生产线上以一步接一步地运行方式来封闭包装袋，其速度为每分钟120个包装袋(该速度对应于95mm的包装袋，两个包装袋之间的距离为125mm)。
这个速度是用这种方法可能达到的最大速度。因此，如果需要增加产量，就必须提供多条生产线，这是很费钱的。
事实上，由于采用了一步接一步的熔接技术，采用静态热爪来进行熔接对产量加上了特殊限制，即使每一步同时送入两个包装袋，由于在熔接台前后必须对包装袋先减速、再加速，所以这种方法在操作上必然遇到机械限制，因此该系统有一定的极限量。
为了增加这种包装袋或小包装的密封速度，比如从120个/分钟增加到500个/分钟，人们已力图在连续运行的包装袋上采用超声熔接装置。
在这一方面，人们从GB-A-952581、EP 084903、和EP 333390等文件中已经知道了超声熔接装置，这些装置宜将沿确定路线连续运行的至少两个迭层的塑料连接在一起。
在上述文件中描述的超声熔接装置有一个共同的特征即有一个间隙，两个将熔接在一起的迭层穿过该间隙，该间隙是由超声极和砧座相面向的表面之间确定的，它有一部分减小，然后从它的入口向出口增大。
在文件EP 0333390中，通过的间隙部分的构形做成，由超声极和砧座加在将熔接的表面的压力，在熔接间隙的整个长度上是均匀的。
此外，在这些装置中，尤其在文件EP 084903和GB-A-952581描述的装置中，砧座具有圆柱的形状它绕着自己的轴转动，由此来限制砧座和超声极在熔接台上与迭层的薄膜接触的时间。因此在高速产出时，会产生不能完全防漏的产品。
与先有技术相比，本发明建议了一种新的、引言中限定的超声熔接装置，它能在塑料制的迭层板之间进行高速的防漏熔接，而在迭层板穿过熔接装置的超声极和砧座之间的间隙时不会产生对上述板的任何损坏危险。
尤其是，在本发明的熔接装置中，该砧座是固定的，上述超声极和砧座的面向的表面通常是平面，且相互聚合，使上述通过的间隙从入口部分到出口部分连续地减小。
有利的是，由超声极和砧座限定的通过间隙的入口部分大于上述间隙的出口部分，约为1.2～2倍。
通过间隙的入口部分的高度稍大于将熔接在一起的迭层板的厚度。
这就能有利于整个迭层板进入上述通过间隙。
在本发明的装置中，对按预定速度运行的、将熔接在一起的迭层板来说，按由超声极和砧座之间限定的通过间隙的优选特征采取措施，使确定的长度作为上述确定速度的函数，从而使振动的超声极和砧座与上述板的接触时间选择成能使该板在已知熔接宽度上防漏地熔接在一起。
按照本发明的熔接装置的另一个有利的、但不是限制性的特征，朝向超声极的砧座的表面呈现由两个倾斜的平面形成的点状构形，在两个平面之间形成钝角。
在两块板之间熔接所产生的线的宽度约为1mm。
在本发明的熔接装置中，提供一个作动器或配重块，它与超声电极结合在将熔接在一起的板上加上压力，压力的范围为0.2×105Pa～6×105Pa。
超声极的振动频率范围为20KHz～40KHz。振辐范围约为10μm～100μm、最好约等于70μm。
将熔接在一起的板的运行速度在50m/分钟～150m/分钟的范围内、最好在60m/分钟～80m/分钟。
本发明还提供了一种用熔接来封闭柔性包装袋、尤其是在充填和封闭后要进行保藏处理的包装袋的方法，每个包装袋具有由它们的侧边缘连在一起的两个侧部，每个侧部具有一个塑料的内侧面和外侧面，一个轻金属的中间层夹在内、外侧面之间，该方法的特征在于：本发明的熔接装置用于进行超声熔接，使每个包装袋的侧部的内侧面以预定速度运行时，沿至少在每个包装袋宽度的主要部分上延伸的一条线熔接在一起。
每条熔接线最好在每个包装袋的整个宽度上延伸。
按照本发明的方法，当在每个包装袋上产生上述熔接线时，采用宜做这项工作的超声电极和砧座，能同时产生一条切割线。
此外，按照本发明的一个特别有利的特征，在用超声熔接封闭每个包装袋之前，先加热每个包装袋的上述侧部，从而软化每个包装袋的侧部上的内侧表面。
该加热可由如输送或喷射蒸汽等方法来进行。
在本发明的方法中，每个包装袋的每个侧部的中间层是铝制的，每个包装袋的每个侧部的内侧面具有一层聚丙烯、或实际上是一层聚酰胺和一层聚丙烯。
最后，本发明提供了用本发明方法封闭的如上所述的包装袋。
下面将参照附图描述非限定性的例子，由此可更好地理解本发明是如何构成和如何实施的。
在附图中：
图1是本发明的超声熔接装置的超声极和砧座的概略透视图，
图2是一个概略剖视图，它表示本发明的超声熔接装置的超声极和砧座的细节，
图3和4是本发明的超声熔接装置的概略的侧视和平面视图。
在附图中，示出一超声熔接装置100，它用于将至少两层迭层板1和2熔接在一起，这些迭层板由如聚丙烯那样的塑料制成，它们沿预定的路线F运行。
超声极101和砧座102放置成相互面对，从而使它们的相对的表面101′和102′确定一个用于待熔接的两块迭层板1、2的通过间隙103。上述通过间隙具有入口部分104和出口部分105。
在图示的例子中(见图3和图4)，超声极101和砧座102通常在水平面内延伸，将熔接在一起的迭层板拟在一个垂直的平面内运行。
当然，对于超声极和砧座在水平方向的运行待熔接在一起的迭层板垂直放置，可以进行改型。
通过间隙103的入口部分104的宽度稍大于待熔接在一起的迭层板1和2的厚度，在此情况下，待熔接在一起的迭层板厚度约200μm，入口部分104的宽度约等于220μm。这能使待熔接在一起的板容易进入由超声熔接装置的超声极和砧座之间提供的通过间隙。
按照该超声熔接装置100的特别有利的特征，砧座102是固定的，超声极101和砧座102的相面对的面101′和102′通常是平面，朝相互的面聚合，这样上述通过间隙103部分从入口部分104到出口部分105连续减小。
在所述的特例中，通过间隙103的入口部分104约是上述间隙103的出口部分105的1.3倍。
因此，上述间隙103的出口部分105的宽度约为170μm，在此情况下，该170μm的宽度使由熔接装置产生的熔接线的厚度约为135μm。
对按预定速度运行的迭层板1和2来说，在超声极101和砧座102之间确定的通过间隙103的长度L被确定为上述板运行的恒定或可变的确定速度的函数，从而使振动的超声极和砧座与板1和2接触的时间选择成能在预定熔接宽度上的板之间产生防漏熔接。
在所示的例子中，上述板的运行速度是常数，约62.5m/分钟，因此使通过约75mm的通过间隙长度的接触时间约为72ms，熔接线约为1mm宽。
正如图3特别示出的，面向超声极101的砧座102的表面102′有利地具有点式构形，它由两个倾斜的平面102a和102b在相互之间形成钝角。在此情况下，倾斜表面102a和102b之间形成的角度约为140°。
此外，砧座的每个平面102a和102b与超声极的面向的表面形成约20°角。
因此，采用这样的熔接装置，在两块塑料迭层板上形成的熔接线的厚度约135μm，宽度约为1mm。
按照该超声熔接装置的另一个特征，正如在图3和4中特别示出的，超声极101安装在一个支撑件106上，支撑件106与作动器107合作作用在超声极101上，从而在板上加一预定的压力，使它们熔接在一起，该压力的范围约为0.2×105Pa～6×105Pa。
超声极的振动频率范围约20KHz～40KHz，振辐范围约为10μm～100μm，最好等于70μm。
为了在水平平面内调节超声极相对于砧座的位置，提供了调节螺钉110。还提供一个比较器113，它能调节砧座102和超声极101之间的间隙。
此外，调节螺钉105能调节超声极101和砧座102之间的角度。
这个调节系统能使超声极和砧座的相对位置调节成待熔接的板厚的函数、亦即能为上述板来调节通过间隙的入口部分和出口部分的宽度。
这种超声熔接装置100还可有利地将运行速度在50m/分钟～100m/分钟、最好为60m/分钟～80m/分钟的迭层塑料板熔接在一起。
在本发明的另一个方面中，上述超声熔接装置用于封闭柔性包装袋的方法中，用该方法来封闭将进行保藏处理、特别是在充填和封闭后进行保藏处理的特殊的包装袋，每个包装袋具有用它们的侧边缘连接在一起的两个侧部，每个侧部具有塑料的内侧面和外侧面，一个轻金属的中间层夹在内、外侧面之间。
这种柔性包装袋最好是装食品、尤其是动物食品的小袋。
在这种用熔接来封闭的方法中，包装袋沿一台架运行，包装袋垂直地一个接一个地放置，这就是说，超声极和砧座呈水平位置，如图3和4所示。
采用上述熔接装置100，每个包装袋的侧部的内侧面在以预定的均匀或变化的速度运行，由该包装袋侧部顶边缘附近的超声波熔接在一起。该熔接操作沿一根线延伸，该线至少包括每个包装袋宽度的主要部分，特别是沿每个包装袋的整个宽度部分。
在这种情况下所用的包装袋、它的每个侧部的中间层用铝制成，每个侧部的内侧面具有一层聚丙烯、或一层聚酰胺和一层聚丙烯，每个侧部的外侧面包括一层聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯层，有选择性地涂覆附加的聚酰胺层。
该外层设计成用作装饰的介质。
参照图1～4描述的超声熔接装置能够通过外侧面和中间层使每个包装袋侧部的内侧面熔接在一起。
聚丙烯的熔化温度低于外侧面层的温度，在超声极的振动作用下，构成内侧层的微粒受到激励并熔化。
如上所述，每个包装袋的熔接线的厚度约为135μm，长度约为1mm。
有利的是，由于超声极贴靠着待熔接的板振动，这就可能有选择地除去可能残留在要进行熔接的位置的食品颗粒，因此可确保上述包装袋以防漏方式熔接在一起。
这种装置还能封闭高速通过熔接台的每个包装袋，并不会损坏它的外侧和中间层。
按照本发明方法的一个有利的特征，为了加速每个包装袋的侧部熔接在一起的过程，可在用超声熔接来封闭每个包装袋之前，将每个包装袋的侧部加热，从而使每个包装袋的侧部内侧面软化。这就使砧座和超声极的相对位置具有较大的机动性，来获得薄膜的密封焊接。
作为例子，该加热可由输送或喷射蒸汽来进行。
另外，还可调节砧座和超声极之间的间隙、以及调节超声极和砧座之间加在每个拟熔接的包装袋的侧部上的压力，这样当在每个包装袋产生熔接线时，就可同时产生切割线。
在上述方法中，还可设想采用两台如图1～4所示的熔接装置，它们均放置在包装袋的运行通路上，它们相隔某一距离，并放置在相同或不同的高度上，从而在每个包装袋侧部之间形成单根熔接线或两根迭合的熔接线(两根线时一根在另一根的下方)。
采用这种超声熔接装置，还可通过探测熔接装置消耗的能量，将该能耗用作探测信号，可以探测熔接的质量或每个包装袋熔接区的不希望有的颗粒存在情况。
采集这样的信号可处理成识别和剔出有缺陷的包装袋、即以不能防漏方式熔接的包装袋。
采用本方法，每分钟可封闭约500个小袋，这就大大节省了这种袋的制造成本。
采用本发明装置的方法还能确保移动过程中袋侧部之间的熔接是防漏的。这如表1所示，表1给出采用本发明装置的各种实施例的本发明方法在袋进行熔接后的生物试验的结果。
    袋子速度(m/分钟)←→500个袋/分钟 本发明装置的熔接间隙的长度(mm) 本发明装置的超声极和砧座的接触时间(ms) 生物试验结果抗菌色的％
    62.5     25     24     73％
    62.5     35     34     92％
    62.5     75     72     100％
本发明不仅限于上述所示的实施例，本专业技术人员可在本发明精神内进行变化。

Claims (23)

1.一种超声熔接装置(100)，用以将至少两块迭层的、沿确定路线(F)连续运行的塑料板熔接在一起，这种类型的装置(100)包括超声极(101)和砧座(102)，它们放置成相互面对，从而使它们的相互面对的表面(101′，102′)确定一个间隙(103)，两块将熔接在一起的迭层板(1，2)穿过该间隙，该间隙具有入口部分(104)和出口部分(105)，高频振动的超声极(101)发射超声波，该装置的特征在于：砧座(102)是固定的，上述超声极(101)和砧座(102)的上述面对的表面(101′，102′)通常是平面并相互朝向聚合，使上述通过间隙(103)部分在它的入口部分(104)和它的出口部分(105)之间连续减小。
2.按照权利要求1的熔接装置，其特征在于：在超声极(101)和砧座(102)之间确定的通过间隙(103)的入口部分(104)比上述间隙的出口部分(105)要大大约是1.2～2倍。
3.按照权利要求1或2的熔接装置，其特征在于：通过间隙(103)的入口部分(104)的高度稍大于待熔接的迭层板(1，2)的厚度。
4.按照权利要求1～3中任何一个的熔接装置，其特征在于：对于以确定速度运行的待熔接在一起的迭层板来说，在超声极(101)和砧座(102)之间确定的通过间隙(103)的长度(L)被确定为上述确定速度的函数，这样振动的超声极(101)和砧座(102)与上述板(1，2)的接触时间选择成可在已知熔接宽度上将板防漏地熔接在一起。
5.按照权利要求4的熔接装置，其特征在于：对约为62.5m/分钟的均匀速度而言，通过间隙的长度约等于75mm，接触时间约为72ms，熔接线约为1mm宽。
6.按照前面权利要求任何一个的熔接装置，其特征在于：砧座(102)面对超声极(101)的表面(102′)呈点状构形，它由两个倾斜的平面(102a、102b)形成，该两个平面之间形成一钝角。
7.按照权利要求6的熔接装置，其特征在于：砧座(102)的点状构形的倾斜的平面(102a，102b)形成约140°的角度。
8.按照权利要求6或7的熔接装置，其特征在于：每个砧座(102)的倾斜平面(102a，102b)相对于超声极(101)的面形成约20°的夹角α。
9.按照前面任何一个权利要求的熔接装置，其特征在于：提供一个作动器(107)或配重，它与超声极(101)一起在待熔接的板(1，2)上加上一个确定的压力，该压力的范围在0.2×105Pa～6×105Pa。
10.按照前面任何一个权利要求的熔接装置，其特征在于：超声极(101)的振动频率范围约在20KHz～40KHz，振辐范围为10μm～100μm、最好约为70μm。
11.按照前面任何一个权利要求的熔接装置，其特征在于：待熔接的板的运行速度范围为50m/分钟～150m/分钟，最好为60m/分钟～80m/分钟。
12.一种通过熔接来封闭柔性包装袋的方法，该特殊的包装袋将进行保藏处理、特别是在包装袋充填和封闭后进行保藏处理，每个包装袋具有通过它们的边缘连在一起的两个侧部，每个侧部具有塑料的内侧面和外侧面，一个轻金属的中间层夹在内、外侧面之间，该方法的特征在于：按照权利要求1～11的任何一个的熔接装置用来在每个包装袋以确定的速度运行时将每个包装袋侧部的内侧面超声熔接在一起，该熔接操作沿至少在每个包装袋宽度的主要部分来延伸的一条线进行。
13.按照权利要求12的方法，其特征在于：产生的熔接线在每个包装袋的整个宽度上延伸。
14.按照权利要求12或13的方法，其特征在于：当在每个包装袋上产生熔接线时，同时产生切割线。
15.按照权利要求12～14的任何一个的方法，其特征在于：在用超声熔接来封闭每个包装袋之前，加热每个包装袋的上述侧部，从而软化每个包装袋侧部的内侧面。
16.按照权利要求12～15的任何一个的方法，其特征在于：上述运行的包装袋沿单根熔接线或另一根熔接线熔接，另一根熔接线位于第一根熔接线的下方，它由按照权利要求1～11的任何一个的另一熔接装置产生，该熔接装置装在第一个熔接装置的、上述包装袋运行路线的下游。
17.按照权利要求12～16的任何一个的方法，其特征在于：包装袋一个接一个地以均匀的运行速度运行，速度范围在20m/分钟～150m/分钟，最好为60m/分钟～80m/分钟。
18.按照权利要求12～17的任何一个的方法，其特征在于：每个包装袋侧部的中间层由铝制成。
19.按照权利要求12～18的任何一个的方法，其特征在于：每个包装袋侧部的内侧面具有一层聚丙烯。
20.按照权利要求12～19的任何一个的方法，其特征在于：每个包装袋的侧部的内侧面具有一层聚酰胺和一层聚丙烯。
21.按照权利要求12～20的任何一个的方法，其特征在于：每个包装袋侧部的外侧面包括一层聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯。
22.按照权利要求21的方法，其特征在于：每个包装袋侧部的外侧面包括一个聚酰胺的附加层。
23.一种柔性包装袋，尤其是拟经受保藏处理、特别是在充填和封闭后进行包装处理的包装袋，该包装袋具有两个通过它们的侧部边缘连在一起的侧部，每个侧部包括塑料的内侧面和外侧面，一个轻金属的中间层夹在内、外侧面之间，该包装袋的特征在于：它是用如权利要求12～22的任何一个的方法来封闭的。
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ZA200102803B (en) 2002-02-27
NZ510968A (en) 2003-03-28
AU758519B2 (en) 2003-03-20
EP1154892B1 (en) 2005-05-25
CN1184065C (zh) 2005-01-12
EP1154892A1 (en) 2001-11-21
AU5995499A (en) 2000-04-26
FR2784051B1 (fr) 2000-12-22
JP4524919B2 (ja) 2010-08-18
CA2346446C (en) 2007-02-06
WO2000020191A1 (en) 2000-04-13
JP2002526283A (ja) 2002-08-20
DE69925513D1 (de) 2005-06-30
CA2346446A1 (en) 2000-04-13
US6554931B1 (en) 2003-04-29
DE69925513T2 (de) 2006-01-26
FR2784051A1 (fr) 2000-04-07

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