CN1308712A - 具有侧向排油道的增压喷油嘴 - Google Patents

具有侧向排油道的增压喷油嘴 Download PDF

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CN1308712A
CN1308712A CN99808234A CN99808234A CN1308712A CN 1308712 A CN1308712 A CN 1308712A CN 99808234 A CN99808234 A CN 99808234A CN 99808234 A CN99808234 A CN 99808234A CN 1308712 A CN1308712 A CN 1308712A
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pressurized machine
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CN1110632C (zh
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奥德E·斯特曼
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
    • F02M59/10—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by the piston-drive
    • F02M59/105—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by the piston-drive hydraulic drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/02—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps
    • F02M57/022—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps characterised by the pump drive
    • F02M57/025—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps characterised by the pump drive hydraulic, e.g. with pressure amplification

Abstract

一种喷油嘴(100),具有至少一个横面或侧向排油道(136)。该喷油嘴可包含一具有纵轴线的阀体(106)。该阀体可有一个与一供油道及至少一喷孔(112)液力连通的燃料腔(104)。一增压器(102)在燃料腔内移动。该增压器与一增压器腔(28)液力连通,并与一偏压弹簧(24)连接。该弹簧处在与排油道液力连通的弹簧腔(134)内。该排油道可沿基本上垂直于阀体纵轴线的方向穿过阀体。排油道的取向和位置由于省去了现有技术喷油嘴中通常遇到的纵向通道而使喷油嘴直径或横截面积最小。

Description

具有侧向排油道的增压喷油嘴
                     发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及喷油嘴。
发明背景
图1表示一种在授予Sturman的美国专利No.5,460,329中公开的喷油嘴。该Sturman喷油嘴包含一液压驱动增压器1，能将燃油腔2内的燃料增压。该增压燃料经一个或多个在喷嘴尖端4的喷孔3喷出。经喷孔3的燃料流受弹簧偏压针阀或止回阀5的控制。
增压器1的头部6处于增压器腔7内。增压器腔7与一控制阀8液力连通，后者能控制进入腔7的液压流体的流量。控制阀8通常是一种三通阀，能有选择地使腔7或与高压干道(未示)或与低压排油管道(未示)液力连通。当液力连通于高压干道时，该高压液压流体流入增压器腔7，并向下或沿泵压方向推动增压器1。增压器1的向下移动提示了燃料腔2内的燃料压力。增压的燃料将针阀5(向上)推入开启位置，从而使燃料经喷孔3喷射或喷雾。
该喷嘴包含一回归弹簧9，当控制阀8将腔7液力连通于排油管道时，它将增压器1(向上)推回到其原始位置。增压器1的向上移动还将燃料吸入燃料腔2内，因而喷油过程得以重复。弹簧偏压针阀5也被(向下)推回到其关阀位置。
回归弹簧9位于弹簧腔10内。增压器腔7内的液压流体可经头部6的外周面漏入弹簧腔10。弹簧腔10内的流体可建立液静压力，它阻止或防止增压器1的向下移动。为防止液静压力的建立，喷嘴1可包含一排油道11，它与弹簧腔10液力连通。排油道11允许漏入弹簧腔10内的液压流体自该喷嘴流出。排油道11沿喷嘴的纵轴线延伸到邻近控制阀8的输出口12。
该喷油嘴通常装配到内燃机中。作为例子，该喷油嘴可将柴油喷入柴油机内。希望缩小喷油嘴的尺寸，以使发动机的总体尺寸和重量减至最小。该纵向排油道的存在限制了喷油嘴的最小直径或横截面积。除了直径或横截面外，该排油道还需要一外壁，这增加了喷油嘴的尺寸。因此，希望提供一种设有纵向排油道的喷油嘴。
发明概述
本发明的一个实施例是一种具有一侧向排油道的强化喷油嘴。该喷油嘴可包含一个具有纵轴线的阀体。该阀体可有一燃料腔，与一供油口和一喷孔液力连通。一增压器在该燃料腔内移动。该增压器和一增压器腔液力连通，并与一偏压弹簧连接。该弹簧处在与该排油道液力连通的弹簧腔内。该排油道沿基本上垂直于该阀体纵轴线的方向穿过该阀体。
附图简述
图1是现有技术喷油嘴的横剖视图；
图2是本发明喷油嘴的一个实施例的横剖视图；
图3是沿图2中的3-3线所取的局部放大横剖视图，表示该喷油嘴的控制阀；
图4是类似于图2的视图，表示该喷油嘴。
发明详述
本发明的一个实施例是一种具有一侧向排油道的强化喷油嘴。该喷油嘴可包含一个具有纵轴线的阀体。该阀体可有一个与一供油口和一喷孔液力连通的燃料腔。一增压器在该燃料腔内移动。该增压器与一增压器腔液力连通，还与一偏压弹簧连接。该弹簧处在与该排油道液力连通的一弹簧腔内。该排油道可沿基本垂直于该阀体纵轴线方向穿过该阀体。该排油道的取向和位置由于省去了在现有技术喷油嘴中通常遇到的纵向通道而使该喷油嘴的直径或横截面积缩至最小。
借助于标号更详细地参照各附图，图2表示喷油嘴100的一个实施例。喷油嘴100包含一增压器102，它可在收缩和延伸位置之间移动，能对喷嘴体106的燃料腔104内的燃料增压。燃料腔104与运动至针阀或止回阀110的油道108连通。针阀110控制流经处于喷嘴106尖端114内一个或多个喷孔112燃料流量。针阀110可与将其偏量(向下)到关闭位置的一回归弹簧116联接。在关闭位置上，针阀110阻止燃料流经喷孔112。燃料腔104也可经供油道118和单向止回阀120与燃料管道117连通。
增压器102可包含一活塞122，它可相对于喷嘴体106移动，或减少或增大燃料腔104的容积。减少燃料腔104容积的活塞122的移动使腔104内的燃料增压。增压后的燃料将针阀110(向上)推到开启位置，从而将燃料自喷孔112内喷出。增加燃料腔104容积的活塞122的移动将燃料经油道118并通过止回阀120抽入腔104内。
活塞122可联接于由罩帽126罩住的一回归弹簧124。弹簧124可将活塞122偏压到一上方或收缩位置。罩帽126处在增压器腔128内，后者与一对通道130和132液力连通。液压流体可经通道130和132流入腔128内。液压流体流入腔128将增压器102向下沿泵压方向驱动，对燃料腔104内的燃料加压。罩帽126的有效面积大于燃料腔104内活塞122的有效面积，因此，燃料腔104内的燃料压力大于驱动该增压器102的液压液体压力。液压流体流出增压器腔128允许弹簧124将活塞122复位到其原始或收缩位置，这样，这种循环得以重复。
弹簧124处于弹簧腔134内。一些液压流体可自增压器128沿罩盖126的外周面漏入弹簧腔134。为排空任何流体泄漏，喷嘴100可包含至少一条排油道136，它与弹簧腔134直接液力连接。如图所示，排油道136可沿基本上垂直于喷嘴体106的纵轴线方向穿过喷嘴体106。排油道136的取向和位置减少了喷嘴100内纵向通道的数量。纵向通道的减少有利地使喷嘴100的直径或横截面积减小。
阀体106可包含部件138、140、142，它们都处于喷嘴外壳体144内。该喷嘴外壳体144可拧入阀壳体146内。壳体144可有一条第一外周密封槽148和一条第二外周密封槽150。该阀壳体146可包含一条第三外周密封槽152和一条第四外周密封槽154。密封槽148、150、152和154通常包含一些O型环(未示)，它们将喷嘴100密封于内燃机(未示)的气缸盖内。
供油道118可处在第一和第二密封槽148、150之间。排油道136可处在第二和第三密封槽150、152之间。一个或多个液压流体供应道156可处在阀壳体148的第三和第四密封槽152、154之间。阀体146还可具有至少一条排油道158。供油道156可连通到一外部高压干道157。排油道158可连通到一外部排油管道159。
图3表示一控制阀160，它控制流经通道130和132的液压流体流量。该阀160包含一柱塞162，后者在位于第一线圈166和第二线圈168之间的柱塞腔164内移动。阀160电连接于电子控制器170，后者能有选择地对线圈166和168中的一个提供电流，以便柱塞162移入两相反位置中的一个。
柱塞162具有一些外槽172，当柱塞162处在一个(左侧)位置时，它们将通道130和132跟供油道156液力连通。当柱塞162处在另一(右侧)位置时，通道130和132和排油道158液力连接。柱塞162和阀体146用4140钢制成，这种钢会保留足够的剩磁，即使在不对线圈166和168提供电流时也能保持柱塞162的位置。因此，控制器170通过对线圈166和168中的一个提供数字脉冲可变换柱塞162的位置。控制阀160可类似于授与Sturman的美国专利No.5,640,987中公开的阀，在本文中引用作为参考。
如图4中所示，在工作时，控制阀160由控制器170变换，使通道130和132跟供油道156液力连通。随后，液压流体流入增压器腔128，将增压器102向下或沿泵压方向驱动。增压器102的移动便对燃料腔104内的燃料加压。该增压后的燃料使针阀110开启，因此，燃料自喷孔112中喷出。
然后，控制器170变变阀160，使通道130和132与排油道158连通。通道130和132跟排油道158的连通降低了增压器腔104内的压力，这样，回归弹簧124将增压器102推回到其原始或收缩位置。增压器102的向上移动还减小了燃料腔104内的压力，而将燃料抽到腔104内。腔104内燃料力的减小允许回归弹簧116将针阀110移回到其原始关闭(下方)位置，这样喷油循环得以重复。
排油道136将可能存在于弹簧腔134内的任何液压流体泄漏量自喷嘴体106直接侧向排出。
虽然已说明和用附图表示了一些示例性实施例，然而应当理解，这些实施例对于本宽广的发明仅仅是示例性的而非限制性的，因此，本发明并不限于所说明和图示的特定构造和布置，因为对于一般熟悉该技术的人们来说，可以进行各种其他的修改。

Claims (13)

1.一种喷油嘴，包括
一个具有纵轴线的喷嘴体，所述喷嘴体有一弹簧腔，一增压器腔和一与供油道和至少一喷孔液力连通的燃料腔，所述喷嘴体还有一条与所述弹簧腔液力连通的且沿基本上垂直于所述喷嘴体纵轴线方向穿过所述喷嘴体的排油道；
一个与所述增压器室液力连通的并在所述燃料腔内于收缩位置和延伸位置之间移动的增压器；
一个处在所述弹簧腔内将所述增压器向其收缩位置偏压的弹簧。
2.按权利要求1所述的喷油嘴，其特征在于还包括一控制阀，能控制液压流体流入和流出所述增压器腔。
3.按权利要求2所述的喷油嘴，其特征在于所述控制阀是一个三通阀。
4.按权利要求3所述的喷油嘴，其特征在于所述控制阀包含一个在第一位置和第二位置之间移动的柱塞。
5.按权利要求4所述的喷油嘴，其特征在于所述柱塞由所述控制阀的剩磁保持在二个位置中的一个位置上。
6.按权利要求1所述的喷油嘴，其特征在于还包括一个处在所述喷孔邻近的止回阀。
7.按权利要求1所述的喷油嘴，其特征在于所述供油道处在所述喷嘴体的第一密封槽和第二密封槽之间，所述排油道处在所述阀体的第二密封槽和第三密封槽之间。
8.一种喷油嘴，包括：
一个具有一第一密封槽、一第二密封槽和一第三密封槽的喷嘴体，所述喷嘴体有一弹簧腔、一增压器腔和一与供油道及至少一喷孔液力连通的燃料腔，所述喷嘴体至少有一条与所述弹簧腔成流体连通且处在所述第二和第三密封槽之间的排油道；
一个与所述增压器腔液力连通并可在所述燃料腔内于一收缩位置和一延伸位置之间移动的增压器；
一个处在所述弹簧腔内将所述增压器向其收缩位置偏压的弹簧。
9.按权利要求8所述的喷油嘴，其特征在于还包括一个控制阀，能控制液压流体流入和流出所述增压器腔。
10.按权利要求9所述的喷油嘴，其特征在于所述控制阀是一个三通阀。
11.按权利要求10所述的喷油嘴，其特征在于所述控制阀包括一个能在一第一位置和一第二位置之间移动的柱塞。
12.按权利要求11所述的喷油嘴，其特征在于所述柱塞由所述控制阀的剩磁保持在二个位置中的一个位置上。
13.按权利要求8所述的喷油嘴，其特征在于还包括一个处在所述喷孔邻近的止回阀。
CN99808234A 1998-05-14 1999-05-13 具有侧向排油道的增压喷油嘴 Expired - Fee Related CN1110632C (zh)

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US09/078,845 US6085991A (en) 1998-05-14 1998-05-14 Intensified fuel injector having a lateral drain passage

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CN102943726A (zh) * 2012-10-22 2013-02-27 安徽中鼎动力有限公司 一种设有分配泵的燃油喷射系统及包括该系统的柴油机

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US6085991A (en) 2000-07-11
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EP1078159A1 (en) 2001-02-28

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