CN1258673A - 新的咪唑衍生物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及作为毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体的选择性拮抗剂的咪唑衍生物,提供了通式(1)或(2)表示的咪唑衍生物[其中R1是可带有取代基的苯基或者噻吩基,R2是氰基、羧基、CONR7R8基团(其中R7及R8各独立地表示氢原子或低级烷基,或R7及R8可通过亚烷基链(可含杂原子)形成环)或COOR9基(其中R9是低级烷基),R3是氢原子或低级烷基,R4,R5及R6各独立地表示氢原子、可带有取代基的低级烷基或者环烷基,或可在R5及R6位与苯环形成稠环,R10是低级烷基或可带有取代基的芳烷基,m是1~6的整数,而Z为卤原子]。
Description
本发明专利申请是申请日为1994年12月1日,申请号为94194450.6,名称为“新的咪唑衍生物及其制备方法”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
本发明涉及新的咪唑衍生物类治疗药,特别是抗胆碱能药类咪唑衍生物,尤其是毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体的选择性拮抗剂,它们的制备方法,以及含有它们的药物组合物。
抗胆碱能药显示抗痉作用及抗分泌作用,用作肠道、膀胱等功能障碍的治疗药物。目前已知阿托品等生物碱、奥昔布宁和溴丙胺太林等氨基烷醇酯类,它们的季铵盐等是抗胆碱能药,而且它们是毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体的阻滞剂。然而由于它们的拮抗作用器官选择性较差,会引起副作用,这成为它们的问题。因此,临床上要求开发具有高度选择性的抗胆碱能药。
虽然有报告说5-〔1-(咪唑)甲基〕-3,3-二取代-2(3H)-呋喃酮衍生物是毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体的拮抗剂,它们带有咪唑基取代基(日本未审查专利公开号平4-103581),但这些化合物的结构不同于本发明的化合物,且它们也不具有足以令人满意的活性。
本发明提供的药物对于平滑肌的毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体比对心脏毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体具有更高的选择性和更强的拮抗活性。
为了上述目的,本发明者对咪唑衍生物作了精心研究。结果发现通式1表示的咪唑衍生物〔其中R1是可带有取代基的苯基或噻吩基,R2为氰基、羧基、CONR7R8基团(其中R7和R8各独立地表示氢原子或低级烷基,或R7和R8可由亚烷基链(可含有杂原子)形成环)或COOR9基(其中R9是低级烷基),R3是氢原子或低级烷基,R4,R5及R6各独立地表示氢原子、可带有取代基的低级烷基,或者环烷基,或者在R5及R6位可与苯环形成一稠环,而m为1至6的整数〕,或通式2表示的咪唑衍生物〔其中R1是可带有取代基的苯基或者噻吩基,R2是氰基、羧基、CONR7R8基(其中R7和R8各独立地表示氢原子或低级烷基,或R7和R8可由亚烷基链(可含有杂原子)形成环)或COOR9基(其中R9是低级烷基),R3是氢原子或低级烷基,R4,R5及R6各独立地表示氢原子,可带有取代基的低级烷基或者环烷基,或者在R5和R6位可与苯环形成一稠环,R10是低级烷基或可带有取代基的芳烷基,m是1至6的整数,而Z是卤原子〕,具有强抗胆碱能活性,特别对消化道、气管、膀胱等的平滑肌的毒蕈碱型受体具有选择性和强拮抗活性,从而完成了本发明。
因此本发明的化合物可用于治疗消化道运动障碍如过敏性肠综合症、憩室病、功能性腹泻、食管弛缓不能及贲门痉挛,治疗胆道和尿道痉挛、尿失禁等,治疗慢性呼吸道阻塞性疾病等。
本发明中所用的苯基的“取代基”一词系指卤素、低级烷基、低级烷氧基、硝基、苯基等。“卤素”一词系指氟、氯、溴和碘。
“低级烷基”系指碳原子数为1至6的直链或支链烷基,如甲基、乙基和异丙基。
“低级烷氧基”一词系指与氧原子连接的含有1至6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,如甲氧基、乙氧基及异丙氧基。
“低级烷基的取代基”一词系指卤素、低级烷氧基、羟基、苯基等。
“环烷基”一词系指含3至8个碳原子的脂环烃类,如环丙基和环己基。
“芳烷基”一词系指与可带有取代基的苯基连接的含有1至6个碳原子的直链或支链亚烷基,如苄基和苯乙基。
“杂原子”一词系指氧原子、硫原子及氮原子。
在本发明中由通式(3)表示的化合物〔其中R1、R3、R4、R5、R6及m的定义如上〕,可由通式(4)表示的化合物〔其中R1、R3及m的定义如上,X为离去基团〕,与由通式(5)表示的化合物〔其中R4、R5及R6的定义同上〕反应而制备,该反应最好在碱的存在下进行。
在这里,“离去基团”一词系指卤素,甲基磺酰氧基等脂肪族磺酰氧基,甲苯磺酰氧基等芳基磺酰氧基,等等。
该反应可在0~200℃,最好在60~150℃,在有机溶剂如二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N′-二甲基咪唑烷酮、二甲基亚砜或二甲苯中,在无机碱如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙、碳酸钠或碳酸钾、或者有机碱如三乙胺或吡啶的存在下进行。
另外,本发明中由通式(6)表示的化合物〔其中R1、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和m的定义同上〕可由通式(7)表示的化合物〔其中R1、R3、R7、R8和m的定义同上,X为离去基团〕与通式(5)表示的化合物〔其中R4、R5及R6的定义同上〕反应而制备,该反应最好在碱的存在下进行。
该反应可在0~200℃,最好在60~150℃,在有机溶剂如二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N′-二甲基咪唑烷酮、二甲基亚砜或二甲苯中,在无机碱如氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾等碱金属氢氧化物、碳酸钠或碳酸钾等金属碳酸盐,或者有机碱如三乙胺或吡啶中进行。
该反应可在0~150℃,最好在100~150℃,在硫酸或多磷酸等的酸性水溶液或氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾等的碱性水溶液中进行。
该反应可在0~150℃,最好在100~150℃,在含水的醇中,在无机酸如硫酸或有机酸如对甲苯磺酸的存在下进行。
R1-Y (12)〔其中R1的定义同上,Y为锂或卤化镁〕在惰性气体中反应制备。
该反应可在-78~30℃在无水四氢呋喃或乙醚中进行。
通式(2)表示的化合物〔其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R10和m的定义同上,Z为卤原子〕可由通式(1)表示的化合物〔其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6和m的定义同上〕,与通式(13)表示的化合物
R10-Z (13)〔其中R10与Z的定义同上〕反应而制备。
该反应可在0~100℃在有机溶剂如丙酮、乙醇、乙腈或二甲基甲酰胺中进行。
当本发明的咪唑衍生物含有一个或多个不对称碳原子时,将出现光学异构体。本发明包括这些异构体和混合物。
本发明的新化合物可通过常规方法与药学上可接受的无机酸如盐酸、硫酸、氢溴酸和磷酸或有机酸如马来酸、富马酸、乙酸、草酸、酒石酸、苯磺酸等形成酸式加成盐类。
本发明的新化合物可以片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、散剂、吸入剂、糖浆剂等形式口服给药,或者用注射剂或栓剂等形式给药。实现本发明的最佳实施方案
下面将用实施例详细说明本发明。实施例1
4-(2-甲基-1-咪唑基)-2,2-二苯基丁腈·盐酸盐
将4-溴-2,2-二苯基丁腈(3.00g,10.0mmol)、2-甲基咪唑(2.46g,30.0mmol)、三乙胺(1.40ml,10.0mmol)和二甲基甲酰胺(50ml)混合,并在封管中于150℃加热搅拌30小时。将此溶液注入水中,以苯萃取。有机萃取液以无水硫酸钠干燥,然后浓缩。残留物经硅胶色谱纯化(洗脱溶剂:二氯甲烷∶乙醇=10∶1),用氯化氢-乙醚溶液生成盐酸盐。然后用乙酸乙酯重结晶,得到无色粉状的标题化合物2.60g,收率77%。
熔点:157~158.5℃。
元素分析(%):C20H19N3·HCl·H2O
计算值 C 67.50 H6.23 N11.81
测定值 C 67.55 H6.21 N11.99
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ),7.35-7.42(10H,m),6.90(1H,s),6.77(1H,s),3.90-3.94(2H,m),2.75-2.79(2H,m),2.25(3H,s).实施例2至10
按实施例1的方法,制得下列化合物(表1)。
表1
实施例11
实施例 | R4 | R5 | R6 | m | 盐 | 熔点(℃)(沸点) | 分子式 | 元素分析(%)计算值/测定值 |
2 | C2H5 | H | H | 1 | HCl | 140-141.5 | C21H21N3·HCl·1/5H2O | C:70.95 H:6.35 N:1170.80 6.45 11.98 |
3 | i-C3H7 | H | H | 1 | - | (230)0.4mmHg | C22H23N3·1/5H2O | C:79.34 H:7.03 N:12.5279.47 7.04 11.57 |
4 | H | H | H | 1 | - | (220)0.4mmHg | C19H17N3·1/5H2O | C:78.43 H:6.03 N:14.4478.66 6.20 14.23 |
5 | H | CH3 | CH3 | 1 | HCl | 162-165 | C2H21N3·HCl | C:71.68 H:6.30 N:11.9471.34 6.35 11.89 |
6 | H | -CH=CH-CH=CH- | 1 | HCl | 166-169 | C23H19N3·HCl·1/10H2O | C:73.53 H:5.42 N:11.1973.44 5.57 11.16 | |
7 | CH3 | H | H | 2 | - | 123-124 | C21H21N3 | C:79.97 H:6.71 N:13.3280.09 6.78 13.15 |
8 | CH3 | H | H | 3 | HCl | 156-167 | C23H23N3·HCl·1/2H2O | C:70.48 H:6.72 N:11.2170.19 6.61 11.22 |
9 | c-C3H5 | H | H | 1 | - | (250)0.7mmHg | C22H21N3·1/10H2O | C:80.26 H:6.49 N:12.7680.17 6.56 12.67 |
10 | CH3OCH2- | H | H | 1 | - | 124-126 | C21H21N3O | C:76.11 H:6.39 N 12.6876.11 6.40 12.29 |
4-(2-甲基-1-咪唑基)-2,2-二苯基丁酰胺
将4-(2-甲基-1-咪唑基)-2,2-二苯基丁腈(7.83g,26.0mmol)和70%硫酸(50ml)混合,于140~150℃搅拌40分钟。将该溶液调节至碱性,并用氯仿与乙醇的混合溶剂(5∶1)萃取。有机萃取液用无水硫酸钠干燥,然后浓缩。残留物用乙酸乙酯-乙醇重结晶,得无色针状结晶的标题化合物2.02g,收率32%。
熔点:189~190℃
元素分析(%):C20H21N3O
计算值 C 75.21 H6.63 N13.16
测定值 C 74.98 H6.80 N13.00
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ),7.31-7.42(10H,m),6.85(1H,s),6.73(1H,s),5.49(1H,s),5.33(1H,s),3.77-3.82(2H,m),2.69-2.74(2H,m),2.23(3H,s).实施例12至20
按实施例11的方法,制备下列化合物(表2)。
表2
实施例21
实施例 | R4 | R5 | R6 | m | 熔点(℃) | 分子式 | 元素分析(%)计算值/测定值 |
12 | C2H5 | H | H | 1 | 144-146 | C21H23N3O | C:75.65 H:6.95 N:12.675.42 7.88 12.43 |
13 | H-C3H7 | H | H | 1 | 150-152 | C22H25N3O | C:76.05 H:7.25 N:12.0975.98 7.25 12.03 |
14 | i-C3H7 | H | H | 1 | 176-178 | C22H25N3O·1/10H2O | C:75.66 H:7.27 N:12.0375.67 7.30 12.04 |
15 | H | H | H | 1 | 172-175 | C19H19N3O·3/5H2O | C:72.13 H:6.44 N:13.2972.20 6.32 12.89 |
16 | H | -CH=CH-CH=CH- | 1 | 197-199 | C23H21N3O·1/5H2O | C:75.80 H:6.08 N:11.5375.90 5.95 11.27 | |
17 | H | CH3 | CH3 | 1 | 163-164.5 | C21H23N3O | C:75.65 H:6.95 N:12.6075.37 7.05 12.43 |
18 | H | C2H5 | C2H5 | 1 | 194-196 | C23H27N3O | C:76.42 H:7.53 N:11.6275.25 7.64 11.48 |
19 | CH3 | H | H | 3 | 154-156 | C22H25N3O | C:76.05 H:7.25 N:12.0975.96 7.22 11.91 |
20 | 1-C1H3 | H | H | 1 | 136-138 | C2H27N3O·1/2H2O | C:74.56 H:7.62 N: 11.3474.60 7.46 11.10 |
4-(2-异丙基-3-甲基-1-咪唑基)-2,2-二苯基丁酰胺·碘化物
在封管中将4-(2-异丙基-1-咪唑基)-2,2-二苯基丁酰胺(250mg,0.720mmol)、甲基碘(5.0ml)、丙酮(100ml)和乙醇(1.0ml)的混合物加热搅拌10小时。将溶液浓缩后,残留物以乙酸乙酯/乙醇重结晶,得到标题化合物的浅黄色针状结晶0.35g,收率99%。
熔点:238~239℃
元素分析(%):C23H28IN3O
计算值 C 56.45 H5.77 N8.59
测定值 C 56.35 H5.64 N8.73
1H-NMR(d6-DMSO,δ),7.64(1H,s),7.61(1H,s),7.46(1H,s),7.31-7.43(10H,m),6.88(1H,s),3.81-3.88(5H,m),3.24-3.30(1H,m),2.73-2.78(2H,m),1.16(6H,d,J=7.3Hz).实施例22至26
按实施例21的方法,合成下列化合物(表3)。
3-(2-甲基-1-咪唑基)-1,1-二苯基丙醇
在200ml二颈烧瓶中,在氩气氛下,于0℃将3-(2-甲基-1-咪唑基)丙酸乙酯(3.37g,18.5mmol)在无水四氢呋喃中的溶液加入至50ml1.8M苯基锂溶液中。于10℃搅拌3.5小时后,将混合物于室温放置过夜。将溶液注入水中,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。用饱和盐水溶液洗涤该有机萃取液,用无水硫酸钠干燥,然后浓缩。残留物用硅胶色谱纯化(洗脱溶剂:乙酸乙酯/乙醇=10∶1),然后用正己烷/乙酸乙酯重结晶,再用乙醇/苯进一步重结晶,得到标题化合物白色针状结晶320mg,收率6%。
熔点:212~214℃
元素分析(%):C19H20N2O·1/10H2O
计算值 C 77.57 H6.92 N9.52
测定值 C 77.66 H6.87 N9.24
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ),7.22-7.44(10H,m),6.80(1H,s),6.72(1H,2),3.79-3.84(2H,m),2.90(1H,brs),2.64-2.69(2H,m),2.18(3H,s).实施例28
3-(2-甲基-1-咪唑基)-1,1-二苯基丁醇
与实施例24类似,但用3.60g(18.3mmol)3-(2-甲基-1-咪唑基)丁酸乙酯代替3-(2-甲基-1-咪唑基)丙酸乙酯,得到标题化合物白色结晶600mg,收率11%。
熔点:168~169℃
元素分析(%):C20H22N2O·1/5H2O
计算值 C 77.49 H7.28 N9.04
测定值 C 77.21 H7.18 N8.90
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ),7.19-7.42(10H,m),6.87(1H,d,J=2.0Hz),6.85(1H,s),4.25(1H,sextet,J=6.2Hz),2.75(2H,d,J=5.9Hz),2.52(1H,brs),2.00(3H,s),1.34(3H,d,J=6.9Hz).实施例29
按实施例1的方法合成下列化合物(表4)。
按实施例11的方法,合成下列化合物(表5)。
按实施例21的方法,合成下列化合物(表6,表7)。
表7实验例
1.对豚鼠回肠和心房的抗胆碱能作用
雄性Hartley豚鼠经打击头部并放血处死。
在32℃将回肠片(约3cm长)悬挂在含有以95%O2和5%CO2的混合物平衡的Tyrode氏溶液的器官浴槽中。
在张力为1g时等张地记录对累积加入浴液中的乙酰胆碱(ACh)的效应。在不加供试化合物,以及在加入ACh前5分钟浴中不同浓度的供试化合物存在时测定ACh的剂量一效应曲线。
根据Schild法(Arunlakshana,O.及Schild,H.O.(1959),Brit.J.Pharmacol.,14;48~58)测定供试化合物对毒蕈碱型受体的亲和力(pA2)。
在32℃于含以95%O2和5%CO2处理的Tyrode氏溶液的器官浴槽中在0.5g张力下悬挂离体心房。
在累积加入ACh的过程中得到剂量一效应曲线,然后在不同浓度的供试化合物存在下重复测定,平衡时间为10分钟。
如上所述,测定供试化合物的亲和性。结果列于表8。
表8
实施例编号 | 抗胆碱能活性(pA2) | |
回肠 | 心房 | |
7 | 8.95 | 8.21 |
8 | 8.17 | 7.08 |
11 | 10.16 | 8.88 |
14 | 9.17 | 7.73 |
阿托品 | 8.67 | 8.91 |
奥昔布宁 | 8.44 | 8.39 |
本发明的化合物对豚鼠回肠的毒蕈碱受体具有高亲和性,而对心脏受体则亲和性要低得多。
特别是实施例8、11和14的化合物对回肠受体的亲和性与对心脏受体的亲和性相比要大10倍。
2.对膀胱节律性收缩的作用
在氟烷麻醉下将雄性Wistar大鼠固定于仰卧位,通过沿中线开口于下腹尖端的小切口将带气球尖端的导管插入膀胱,然后用荷包口缝术缝口。导管从缝合的腹部切口的上端引出,与压力换能器连接。
气球中灌以约0.1~0.3ml的水。在膀胱的节律性收缩稳定于膀胱内压阈值之后,于十二指肠内给予供试化合物。由膀胱收缩幅度的减小估计其抑制作用。本发明的化合物在剂量为0.03mg/kg或更大时能使膀胱的收缩幅度减小。
3.对氨基甲酰甲基胆碱诱导的腹泻的作用
给雄性ICR小鼠口服供试化合物,30分钟后皮下注射氨基甲酰甲基胆碱20mg/kg。自给予氨基甲酰甲基胆碱直至给药后0.5小时,观察腹泻的发生。
本发明的化合物在剂量为0.06mg/kg或更大时显示抑制作用。
4.对豚鼠气管的抗胆碱能作用
用打击头部和放血的方法处死雄性Hartley豚鼠。
在器官浴槽中充满Tyrode氏溶液,保持在37℃并用95%O2和5%CO2的混合物处理,将气管环片悬挂在浴液中。
在张力为1g时等长地记录对ACh的效应。累积加入ACh得出浓度—效应曲线,并在存在不同浓度的供试化合物时重复进行,平衡时间为10分钟。
供试化合物对毒蕈碱型受体的亲和性(pA2)按Schild法(Arun-lakshana,O.及Schild,H.O.(1959),Brit.J.Pharmacol.,14:48~58)或van Rossum法(van Rossum,J.M.(1963),Arch,Int,Pharmacodyn,Ther.,143,299-330)测定。结果列于表9。
表9
实施例编号 | 抗胆碱能活性(pA2) | |
气管 | 心房 | |
44 | 8.28 | 7.54 |
50 | 8.34 | 7.52 |
51 | 8.34 | 7.70 |
异丙托溴铵 | 8.85 | 8.82 |
本发明的化合物对气管毒蕈碱型受体的亲和性(pA2)显著大于对心脏受体的亲和性。
本发明的实用性
如上所述,本发明的化合物在临床上可用于治疗过敏性肠道综合症、排尿困难如尿频及尿失禁,以及慢性呼吸道阻塞性疾病。
Claims (6)
3.一种用作胆碱能受体拮抗剂的药物组合物,它含有通式(2)表示的咪唑衍生物其中R1是可带有取代基的苯基,R2是氰基、羧基、CONR7R8基团,其中R7及R8各独立地表示氢原子或低级烷基,或COOR9基,其中R9是低级烷基,R3是氢原子或低级烷基,R4、R5及R6各独立地表示氢原子、可带有取代基的低级烷基或者环烷基,R10是低级烷基或可带有取代基的芳烷基,m是1至6的整数,而Z是卤原子,其药学上可接受的盐类以及药学上可接受的赋形剂。
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CN112774569A (zh) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-11 | 江门市华熊新材料有限公司 | 含氟咪唑表面活性剂及其制备方法与应用 |
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CN100364990C (zh) * | 2002-10-30 | 2008-01-30 | 施万制药 | 取代的4-氨基-1-(吡啶甲基)哌啶和相关化合物 |
CN112774569A (zh) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-11 | 江门市华熊新材料有限公司 | 含氟咪唑表面活性剂及其制备方法与应用 |
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JP3294961B2 (ja) | 2002-06-24 |
CA2178604C (en) | 2004-06-29 |
CA2178604A1 (en) | 1995-06-15 |
DE69430636T2 (de) | 2003-01-02 |
EP0733621B1 (en) | 2002-05-15 |
HU221950B1 (hu) | 2003-03-28 |
DK0733621T3 (da) | 2002-09-09 |
KR100362794B1 (ko) | 2003-01-29 |
EP0733621A4 (en) | 1997-04-02 |
US5932607A (en) | 1999-08-03 |
HUT74182A (en) | 1996-11-28 |
ATE217614T1 (de) | 2002-06-15 |
JPH07215943A (ja) | 1995-08-15 |
AU680572B2 (en) | 1997-07-31 |
WO1995015951A1 (fr) | 1995-06-15 |
TW304193B (zh) | 1997-05-01 |
CN1069098C (zh) | 2001-08-01 |
ES2176311T3 (es) | 2002-12-01 |
US6103747A (en) | 2000-08-15 |
CN1137270A (zh) | 1996-12-04 |
KR960706477A (ko) | 1996-12-09 |
CN1109674C (zh) | 2003-05-28 |
EP0733621A1 (en) | 1996-09-25 |
HU9601505D0 (en) | 1996-07-29 |
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