CN1252905A - 移动无线应用中的电池寿命扩展技术 - Google Patents
移动无线应用中的电池寿命扩展技术 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
移动无线收发信机中的发射机的功率放大器上加载的工作电压动态地被控制以改善发射机在所有输出功率电平下的效率。实施例之中,发射机中的偏置电流值可变以优化发射机在所有输出功率电平下的效率。在一优选实施例中,由控制电路控制高效开关调节器以调节发射机中功率放大器的工作电压和/或偏置电流。控制电路具有如同其输入一样的多种信号以反应发射机的实际输出功率电平、所需输出功率、或发射机的输出电压辐度。
Description
本发明领域
本发明涉及无线发送器,特别涉及扩展发射机电池寿命的技术。
本发明背景技术
扩展电池的寿命是蜂窝电话和其它便携式发送机用户和制造商关心的问题。无线收发信机的大功率信号的产生和发射比低功率信号的产生和发射要耗用较多的电池功率。因此,某些现有技术用来调整便携式发射机的增益以使发射信号的功率不超过正常通讯所需功率。本文引用的美国专利No4760347,5129098便说明了一些自动调整发射机输出功率的例子。
虽然现有技术有选择性地减少了发射机的输出功率,但现有技术的方法并未改善发射机效率,通常发射机被偏置,且工作电压设定,这样发射机的输出信号将不会最高期望输出信号处反向失真。这些不良情况下的工作状况甚至在无信号发射时也会消耗电池可观的功率。这类不良工作状况在发射机不发射最大信号的情况下是不需要的,因此发射低功率输出信号时发射机的效率较低。低效率等同于浪费电池功率、减少话务时间。因此需要一种技术来扩展移动无线应用中的电池寿命。
本发明概要
本发明所要说明的一种技术可以自动地减少作用于移动无线收发信机中的发射机的功率放大器上的工作电压,这样在发射机不输出其最大输出功率时可以增加发射机的效率。这样比现有技术来说,发射机的总功耗减少了。在另一实施例中发射机中的偏置电压或偏置电流也发生变化以优化发射机在某输入功率电平上的效率。这项控制发射机工作电压和偏置电压/电流的技术可以与传统的自动减少发射机增益的技术联合使用。
在优选实施例之一中,一高效开关调节器由一控制电路控制以调节发射机中的功率放大器的工作电压和偏置电压/电流。该控制电路具有多种信号输入以反应发射机的实际输出或发射机的所需输出功率。
附图说明
图1是使用本发明实施例之一的无线收发信机中的发射机部分的基本部件方框图。
图2-6说明了各种控制器的实施例,以用于控制用于无线收发信机中的功率放大器的电压调节器的输出电压。
图7说明了一种控制器的实施例,以用于控制用于无线收发信机中的接收机的电压调节器的输出电压。
图8和9分别说明了传统的减压型调节器(buck type regulator)和增压型调节器(boost type regulator)。
图10说明了使用本发明后改善了效率的功率放大器的实施例。
优选实施例说明
图1说明其工作电压Vdd由变压调节器12提供的发射机11所采用的功率放大器10。调节器12的输出电压Vdd由用于控制端子13的控制器14发出的信号控制。电池15向调节器12提供功率。
控制器14从输入端子16接收信号,该信号代表功率放大器10的实际输出功率、放大器10的所需输出功率、或输出电压振幅的量值。控制器14之后按该输入信号设定控制器12的输出电压Vdd以使放大器10对于特定输出功率电平工作在最高效情况下。
控制器14还可以有选择地通过线路20向放大器10提供偏置电压或偏置电流控制信号以调节放大器10中的偏置电流或电压值,以获得特定输出功率电平的最佳效率。
当放大器10输出其最大功率电平时,放大器10的输出电压Vpa振幅是最大值且放大器10工作在较高的效率状况下。放大器10中的各种晶体管和其它元件被偏置以及否则被操作,以不向输出信号产生明显的失真。当输出功率减小时,从电池15输出的输出电压振幅和电流减小。按本发明的实施例之一,由于输出电压振幅的减小,由调节器12向放大器10提供的工作电压Vdd减小,不产生失真,且节省功率。
还有,按本发明实施例之一,由于输出功率电平的减少,偏置电压和电流也减少,不产生失真,且节省功率。
功率消耗是来自电池15的RMS电压和电流的乘积。因此,通过减少放大器10的RMS电压,功率消耗被减少到低于现有技术功率消耗的水平。因为蜂窝电话通常工作在低于全功率状态下,使用图1的发明将明显地延长电池的寿命。
一种匹配网络24(例如共振电路)做为放大器10的输出到负载RL的接口。负载RL可以是一天线或其它负载。输入信号发生器26以传统的方式产生RF信号Vin并且可以包括自动增益控制电路。
图2-6说明了一些可由控制器14采用的技术以用于检测放大器10的输出功率或需要输出功率,以合适地控制调节器12以产生用于放大器10的变量Vdd或控制放大器10中的偏置设置。
图2中,功率检测器30通过耦合器31连接到功率放大器10的输出端上,或连至匹配网络24的输出端上,以在放大器10的输出功率相关的引线32处产生电压。耦合器31将小量的输出信号耦合至功率检测器30。功率检测器是公知的并且可以有很多种形式。控制器42将引线32上的信号转化成调节器12的控制信号以调节Vdd以优化放大器10的效率。
控制器42可以耦合至调节器12的反馈端43,其中反馈信号Vfb与引线32上的电压有预定关系。这样,控制器42可以是简单的一个值转换器或合适的放大器。通过合适的功率检测器30的设计,调节器12的反馈端子43还可以直接地连至引线32,这样功率检测器30的作用是一控制器。控制器42的输入和控制器42的输出之间的关系由所用的特定调节器12和功率放大器10来决定。
有些蜂窝电话和其它无线收发信机已经采用输出功率检测器来从事其它目的,这样,本发明便可容易地被结合入这些装置。
调节器12可以是任何传统的高效开关调节器,如众所周知,在反馈信号的基础上提供输出电压。在传统的电压调节器电路中,调节器的反馈端子连至分压调节输出电压。
图3说明了控制器50,用于检测放大器10的输出电压Vpa并且基本作用为一负峰值检测器以在某一时间段上输出电压Vnp,代表放大器10的最大负向输出。通过电阻56,作用于端点52的电池电压Vbatt缓慢地将节点54提升至电池电压。作用于二极管58的阴极的电压,低于节点54处电压一个二极管电压降,将节点54处电压下拉至大约端52处最负电压加上一个二极管电压降,电阻56值和电容59值的选择决定了控制器50的响应。最好设定RC时间常数,这样在周期之间在节点54上无明显的变化。
节点54上的电压加载于放大器60的一个输入端上,以及参电压62加载到另一输入端。放大器60的输出加载到调节器12的反馈端。相应地,调节器12提供一工作电压Vdd至放大器10以使节点54上的电压保持在大约Vref。如果Vref保持固定,则控制器50调节放大器10输出晶体管两端的用于避免反向失真的最小电压,这样,优化了放大器在所有输出功率电平上的效率,图3的技术也可用于控制放大器10所有级上的晶体管两端的最小电压(例如,图10的晶体管Q1和晶体管Q2)。例如,参考图10,允许晶体管Q1和Q2工作在线性区域中的晶体管Q1和Q2两端的最小漏源极电压可以使用图3的电路来调节。还可以在放大器10的输出和控制器50的输入端之间还可能需要使用缓冲器以避免过载。
图4说明了调节器12的控制器70,用于接收由产生指示接收信号强度的电压的通常RSSI电路72提供的接收信号强度指示(RSSI)来做为其输入。接收信号的强度,在某些情况下,指示出用于满足需要的双路通讯所需的发送功率。特别是当已知远程启动发送功率时更是这样。无线收发信机可以已经包括RSSI电路72以用于不同目的。这样较大RSSI信号指示给控制器70以提供反馈信号给调节器12以降低至放大器10的电压Vdd从而改善放大器10在低输出功率上的效率。
图5说明到控制器76中的输入可以是一基带信号78,基带信号78由多路混合器82与调制器80产生的调制RF载波混合。由于放大器10的输出功率随基带信号78的辐度变化,控制器76可以使调节器12将电压Vdd按照基带信号调制进放大器10中。图5中的技术仅适合于具有非恒定包络(envelope)的调制形式。
在另一实施例中,如图6所示,控制器83直接从放大器10的输出或匹配网络24接收信号。控制器83将此信号值转化成用于调节器12的控制信号。
控制器的其它形式可适用于要控制的不同发射机。
图7说明无线收发信机中的接收器85,该接收器85从调节器12接收其工作电压Vdd。控制器87控制调节器12的输出以改善接收器85在低接收信号值上的效率。低强度接收信号由RSSI电路72检测,降低作用于接收器85的Vdd以优化效率。偏置电压/电流值还可以由控制器87通过线路88来调节。
图8和9说明了两类简单开关调节器:图8说明减压型调节器90,和图9说明增压型调节器92。这类调节器也可用于各图中的调节器12。在这些调节器里,开关S1(一般为开关晶体管)的工作周期被控制,在此工作周期(duty cycle)正比于调节器的输出电压Vdd。工作周期控制器94按图1~7所示控制器的任意之一所发出的反馈信号控制S1的切换。参考电压Vref由放大器96与反馈信号比较以用于调节开关S1的工作周期。振荡器98提供开关S1的开关频率。本领域技术人员熟悉图8和图9的调节器的工作。增压减压调节器也可采用,通常是图8图9电路的组合。
图10说明许多合适类型的功率放大器10的一种,可用于本发明。来自发生器26的调制RF输入信号通过电阻R和电容C1提供至场效应管Q1的输入端。可变偏置电压发生器106,在图1所示的控制器14的控制下,向工作晶体管Q1提供一工作点附近电压。电感L1和电容C1构成一晶体管Q1的输入匹配网络。晶体管Q1的漏极产生的信号通过隔直流电容C1提供至晶体管Q2的栅极以进一步放大。电感L2、电感L3和电容C2构成晶体管Q1和Q2之间的匹配电路。
晶体管Q2的漏极提供放大器10的输出Vpa,第二可变偏置电压发生器108,由图1中控制器14控制,向工作晶体管Q2提供工作点附近的偏置电压。晶体管Q2的漏极连接到匹配网络24以便于合适的谐振调谐以改善增益、降低返回消耗、降低失真、增加输出功率、以及增加效率。匹配网络24包括电容C3和C4、电感L5、和晶体管Q2和Vdd2之间连接的电感L4。电压输出Vout之后被加载在负载RL(例如无线)上以发送。
晶体管Q1和Q2的工作条件的设置使得晶体管Q1和Q2的电压值和/或漏极电流不会以不可接受的方式失真。可调节的偏置电压Vbias1和Vbias2以及电压Vdd1和Vdd2因此被动态地控制以防止由晶体管Q1和Q2提供的这种信号的失真。使用本发明的对工作条件的合适的控制实现了各种通路上的较少的电池功率浪费。
电源106和108采用的可变电压源(例如可控调节器)可以是传统的。各种输出功率电平上需要的特定偏置电压依据特定放大器和应用因情况而定。
控制器14(图1)可以控制调节器12的输出以设置Vdd1和Vdd2的值,根据特定输出功率下低失真所需要的晶体管Q1和Q2的最小工作电压,而设置成相同或不同。
图10所述的例子中,晶体管Q1和Q2是金属半导体场效应管(MESFET)。
使用双极技术的功率放大器也可使用本发明,其中放大器晶体管的集电极发射极电压Vce被调节至晶体管在所有输出值下工作不失真的最小值。这种放大器可以用双极型晶体管代替图10中的MESFET晶体管Q1和Q2。也可采用MOSFET晶体管。
这一动态调整放大器的工作状态的技术也可用于许多形式的功率放大器,并且依据合理成本上产生最大电池功率效率的方法来使用特定类型的控制器。在某些蜂窝电话中已经有了许多种产生控制器14(图1)的输入的电路,如图2的功率检测电路30和图4的RSSI电路72。本发明不局限于任何特定的开关调节器(例如PWM,PFM),以及合适的调节器也可以是非开关调节器,如线性调节器。然而,已知的开关调节器是高效的。
本发明将增加蜂窝电话以及其它无线收发信机的电池寿命达50%或更多。在某些应用中,预计本发明至少可以加倍电池的寿命。
如上说明了本发明的一些实施例,本技术领域人员显然明白在不偏离本发明的精神的范围内可以在更广泛的方面上做替换和修改,因此本发明的精神和范围由所附权利要求限定。
Claims (26)
1.一种移动无线装置,包括:
放大器,连接以接收要发送的输入信号,所述放大器具有电源输入端和放大输出端;
可控电压调节器,具有电池输入端和电压控制端,所述调节器具有连接到所述放大器的电源输入端的输出电压端;
控制器,具有一连接至所述调节器的所述控制端的输出端和连接以接收所述放大器输出端的输出电平相关的信号的控制器输入端。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述调节器控制所述放大器中的一个或多个晶体管两端的电压。
3.如权利要求2所述的装置,其中所述一个或多个晶体管是MOSFET晶体管,以及所述调节器控制所述一个或多个晶体管的漏极电压。
4.如权利要求2所述的装置,其中所述一个或多个晶体管是MESFET晶体管,以及所述调节器控制所述一个或多个晶体管的漏极电压。
5.如权利要求2所述的装置,其中所述一个或多个晶体管是二极管,以及所述调节器控制所述一个或多个晶体管的集电发射极电压。
6.如权利要求2所述的装置,其中所述放大器中的一个或多个晶体管包括所述放大器的一个和多个输出晶体管。
7如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述调节器被控制以根据所述放大器输出端的实际输出电平输出电压。
8.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述控制器和所述调节器在所述放大器输出端将最小输出电压保持在预定电平。
9.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述控制器包括连接以接收所述放大器输出端的输出电平相关的信号的电源检测器。
10.如权利要求1所述的装置,还包括一连接在所述放大器输出端和负载间的匹配网络。
11.如权利要求10所述的装置,其中所述负载是一无线。
12.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述控制器包括一最小电压检测器。
13.如权利要求1所述的装置,还包括一基带信号发生器,其中所述控制器接收所述基带信号以及根据所述基带信号控制所述调节器。
14.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述控制器输入端连接到所述放大器输出端。
15.如权利要求1所述的装置,还包括一匹配网络,连接在所述放大器输出端和天线之间,其中所述控制器输入端连接到所述匹配网络输出端。
16.如权利要求1所述的装置,还包括一接收信号强度指示器,其中所述控制器输入端接收对应于所述接收信号强度指示器的输出的信号。
17.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述调节器是一开关调节器。
18.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述调节器的控制端是一反馈端。
19.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述调节器控制所述放大器中的偏置电流。
20.一种控制无线装置的方法,包括:
放大发射信号;
根据所述放大器的输出电平产生控制信号。
由所述控制信号控制电压调节器的电压输出,所述调节器提供电压以使所述放大器工作。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述调节器提供电压至所述放大器的电源端。
22.如权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述调节器控制所述放大器中的一个或多个晶体管的工作点,以改善所述放大器的效率。
23.如权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述调节器控制所述放大器中的一个或多个晶体管两端电压以改善所述放大器的效率。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法,其中所述调节器控制所述放大器中的一个或多个MOSFET晶体管的漏极电压。
25.如权利要求23所述的装置,其中所述调节器控制所述放大器中的一个或多个MESFET晶体管的漏极电压。
26.如权利要求23所述的装置,其中所述调节器控制所述放大器中的一个或多个二极管的集电发射极电压。
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US08/843,107 | 1997-04-25 | ||
US08/843,107 US6148220A (en) | 1997-04-25 | 1997-04-25 | Battery life extending technique for mobile wireless applications |
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CN1252905A true CN1252905A (zh) | 2000-05-10 |
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CN98804378A Pending CN1252905A (zh) | 1997-04-25 | 1998-04-08 | 移动无线应用中的电池寿命扩展技术 |
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US (3) | US6148220A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0978163A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2001522565A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20010006525A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1252905A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9808608A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2285236A1 (zh) |
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WO (1) | WO1998049771A1 (zh) |
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CN101098129B (zh) * | 2006-06-30 | 2012-07-18 | 三星电子株式会社 | 以可变方式将电源电压提供到移动装置的方法和设备 |
US8588727B2 (en) | 2008-03-21 | 2013-11-19 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Adaptive linearity communication device |
CN101978607B (zh) * | 2008-03-21 | 2014-09-03 | 高通股份有限公司 | 自适应线性通信设备 |
CN101888263A (zh) * | 2009-05-13 | 2010-11-17 | 苹果公司 | 具有数据速率相关的功率放大器偏置的电子设备 |
CN101888263B (zh) * | 2009-05-13 | 2013-10-16 | 苹果公司 | 具有数据速率相关的功率放大器偏置的电子设备 |
CN101938258A (zh) * | 2010-08-27 | 2011-01-05 | 华为终端有限公司 | 一种控制射频功率放大器发射信号的方法和装置 |
CN101938258B (zh) * | 2010-08-27 | 2013-06-05 | 华为终端有限公司 | 一种控制射频功率放大器发射信号的方法和装置 |
US8909179B2 (en) | 2010-08-27 | 2014-12-09 | Huawei Device Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for controlling transmit signal of radio frequency power amplifier |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20010006525A (ko) | 2001-01-26 |
US6757526B1 (en) | 2004-06-29 |
US6148220A (en) | 2000-11-14 |
TW374269B (en) | 1999-11-11 |
WO1998049771A1 (en) | 1998-11-05 |
CA2285236A1 (en) | 1998-11-05 |
EP0978163A1 (en) | 2000-02-09 |
US7505742B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 |
BR9808608A (pt) | 2000-05-23 |
JP2001522565A (ja) | 2001-11-13 |
US20040192408A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
IL132512A0 (en) | 2001-03-19 |
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