CN1222258C - 无窗的框架供给的敷料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
无窗的框架供给的敷料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1222258C CN1222258C CNB941915050A CN94191505A CN1222258C CN 1222258 C CN1222258 C CN 1222258C CN B941915050 A CNB941915050 A CN B941915050A CN 94191505 A CN94191505 A CN 94191505A CN 1222258 C CN1222258 C CN 1222258C
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Abstract
本发明揭示了一种无窗的框架供给敷料,它有一平顺的背衬,压敏粘合剂涂在底面,低粘涂料涂在顶面。在放置和处理时通过与粘合剂相连的衬里和与背衬顶面相连的可除去热封框架支撑背衬。本发明的方法揭示了在载体材料中形成和除去窗的步骤,以及将载体热封到背衬上以形成本发明无窗的框架供给敷料的步骤。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及压敏胶涂覆的复合敷料,包括一个可移除的架框支撑的压敏胶涂复的薄膜背衬。本发明也涉及制备这类压敏胶复合膜的方法。
发明背景
透明的膜被广泛地用作湿润环境中治伤保护膜,因它们是防止液体和细菌污染的屏障。由于敷膜具有屏障性能它们也可用作外科手术中的盖布。适用于上述应用的敷料和盖布的商品有TEGADERMTM(3M公司,美国MN)、BIOCLUSIVETM(Johnson&Johnson公司,美国NJ)、OP-SITETM(T.J.Smith&Nephew,英国Hull)和UNIF EXTM(HOW Medica,美国FL)。
用作这些敷膜和盖布(下面称为敷料)的聚合膜是,即这些膜相当薄且柔顺,典型的作法是将压敏胶敷膜表面用转移保护衬覆盖。当衬里除去时,粘合剂涂覆的膜会变皱并自身粘合,这样妨碍了将它平滑地贴到病人的皮肤上,起到防腐的作用。为了解决该问题已提出了各种敷盖系统。
美国专利4,485,809述及已知的敷盖系统中的一种,其中的敷膜和转移衬粘结在一起。在转移衬的中心部份移除后,其余的衬里材料作为框架支撑敷料放置。在敷膜固定后,通过撕去中间周围一圈穿有小孔的衬膜,从而从覆盖物上除去了框架,但是由于是中间起到衬里的作用,需要敷膜放在病人皮肤上以前不久才能撕去。此外,由于框架必须从敷膜的周边除去,皮肤和敷膜间的粘合剂常会被损坏,导致过早脱落,或被床单物和其它物质拉掉。
美国专利4,600,001也揭示了一种包括一对相反方而剥离条及热层压到基膜上的敷料的敷料系统。在使用时,从敷料上除去转移基衬,将敷膜放置在病人皮肤上,然后去除贴在剥离料上的衬膜皮肤上。此装置中,敷膜最好是透明的或半透明的,以便在放置时可以观综到敷料下面,在撕去衬膜除掉一对反相的剥离条时会损坏皮肤和敷膜间的粘合剂,也将导致过早脱落。
框架型敷料系统提供了另一种用于与基膜相一致的敷料系统,使用可去除的框架在放在病人皮肤上后不需要撕去基膜,从而避免了上述问题。此外,通过暴露在框架内的膜可以看到连接点还保证敷膜准确地放在皮肤上。
EPO公开号0051935揭示了聚合物薄膜型敷料的框架的可除去的敷料系统。在此系统中,框架材料和膜间的连接是机械性的,膜在框架材料上挤出时就成。根据该文献制得的敷料具有中央窗,它是在框架材料中用来控制深度模头切割的。在使用时,首先从框架的中部除去模头切割窗,然后从粘合层上除去转移衬,并将敷膜放在病人皮肤上,然后从膜上除去框架,将敷膜留下放在病人皮肤上。
根据EPO公开0051935号制得的敷料的一个缺点是在将敷膜覆盖在病人皮肤以前,有除去窗子的附加步骤,虽然在将敷料覆在病人皮肤上以前不必须除去窗子,但有利的是这样做,覆盖敷料的人可以看到覆盖的地方。已试图在包装这料敷料前除去窗子。将敷膜通过尖利的物件,拉去窗子使之从背衬上松开,破坏窗材料和背衬间的连接。但是,该方法也有两个另外的问题。第一,工艺的最大速度太慢、第二,破坏了框架与覆盖敷膜的连接,导致了敷复的失败。
美国专利Re 33,727也揭示了一种框架型敷料系统,包括聚合物薄膜和涂覆在聚合物薄膜上的压敏粘合剂的复合物,转移衬与膜的粘合剂涂覆的表面相连,框架连于相背于已涂有粘合剂表面的暴露表面上。施用时,首先从粘合剂涂覆表面上除去转移衬,将膜和框架覆盖在病人皮肤上,然后从膜上除去框架而将膜留在皮肤上。
美国专利Re 33,727没有讨论框架连接到膜上的机构,也没有讨论有关除去中央窗而不损坏框架和膜连接的问题。但是,在Re 33,727的专利权人根据其结构,使用了压敏粘合剂或辐射固化膜而将复合材料各层连在一起。就此而言,根据上述文献用框架覆盖敷膜中采用薄膜挤出或辐照将膜直接固化在载体材料上。
在敷料顶部涂上低粘涂料使敷料上具有施加和除去胶带和其它器件的能力,从而使敷膜成了这些胶带和其它器件的基台。低粘涂料使胶带和其它器件在除去中不会干扰下面的基膜,且不让进一步的污染物抵达伤口。这类敷料的一个例子是TEGADERMTM1620号敷膜,3M公司(美国MN)出售。
发明概述
本发明的粘合复合材料(和它的制备方法)通过提供一种无窗框覆盖的敷料来解决上述问题,该无窗框覆盖敷料的底面有涂有压敏胶的平顺背衬,顶面上可选择涂复低粘涂料,它通过连接背衬顶面的可移动框来支撑。更特定的是,本发明通过将框架热封到背衬上,需要时并将与热封相区配的低粘涂料涂在背衬的顶面,来克服上述讨论的问题。此外,本发明的方法和装置提供了这样的框架覆盖敷膜,其中在使用前就除去窗子,从而使覆盖敷料的必要步骤最少,并使废弃物减少到消费水准。
在一个优选方法中,本发明也提供了工艺步骤数减少,结果进一步降低了本发明生产的成本。此外,在背衬上使用与框背衬间的热封连接相配的低粘涂料提供了一种产物,其中敷膜和床单或其它表面之间的摩擦力降低,它们不致于导致敷膜的意外脱落,结果使伤口污染,而需要更替敷膜。
特定的是,本发明提供了一种粘合复合敷料,包括(a)一种有顶面和底面的平顺背衬,(b)一种涂在至少背衬的部分底面的压敏粘合剂;(c)可松驰地粘在与衬底背面的压敏粘合剂上的内衬,以及(d)连接可松移并覆盖在低粘涂料和背衬的部分顶面的框架,该框架被热封到低粘涂层的背衬上,基本框定背衬顶面近中心处暴露部分作为窗,框架用比背衬更硬的材料来形成以使粘合复合物有刚性。复合敷料也可选择性地包括在框和背衬顶面间的背衬的顶面上的低粘涂料。
本发明也提供制备粘合复合敷料的方法,包括步骤:
(a)提供一种有顶面和底面平顺的背衬,在至少部分背衬底面上的压敏粘合剂以及在压敏粘合剂上的衬里;
(b)将载体热封到背衬的顶面,载体和背衬顶面的连接比衬里与压敏粘合剂的连接强;和
(c)从背衬顶部除去部分载体,从而在背衬顶部上的载体形成框架。
在所附的权利要求书中特别指出了作为本发明的特征的其它优点和新颖性特征。但是为了便于理解本发明,结合附图和对本优选技术方案的阐述说明来展示它的优点及其达到的目的。
附图简述
本发明将结合附图作进一步的阐述,其中:
图1是本发明敷料一个较好技术方案的顶部透视图。
图2A是本发明敷料另一个较好技术方案的顶部透视图。
图2B是图2A敷料除去衬里后的底部透视图。
图3是本发明制得敷料的另一个较好技术方案的部分剖面图。
图4是本发明制备敷料的一个较好方法的流程。
图5A和5B是在本发明制备方法中提供背衬/压敏粘合剂/衬里复合的另一种较好方法的流程图。
图6是本发明制备敷料方法的图解流程。
图7是本发明制备另一种较好方法的图解流程。
图8是本发明制备敷料的再一种方法的图解流程。
发明实施方式的详述
图1~3显示了根据本发明制得的敷料的优选技术方案。本发明的粘合复合物结构在连接任何用压敏粘合剂涂复在平顺的背衬上中是用的。代表性的背衬包括无纺纤维网、纺织纤维网、编织物和其它熟知的背衬材料、较好的背衬材料是透明或半透明的聚合物膜。
本发明在高湿蒸汽可渗膜背衬的压敏粘合剂复合物中尤为有用。已颁美国专利3,645,835和4,595,001中揭示了制备这类膜的方法及测试它们渗透能力的方法。较好的是,膜/粘合剂复合物应以等于或大于人体皮肤的速率透过潮湿蒸气较好的是,粘合剂涂覆膜透渗率以至少300g/m2/24小时/37℃/100~10%相对湿度,更好的至少700g/m2/24小时/37℃/100~10%相对湿度,最好的至少2000g/m2/24小时/100-10%相对湿度,用美国专利4,595,001所述的反转杯方法转运潮湿蒸汽。
背衬较好地与解剖结构表面一致。这样当背衬施加于动物的解剖结构表面上时,即使表面移除它也平顺地处于表面上,较好的背衬也与动物解剖关节一致。当关节弯曲然后再回复至不弯曲位置时,背衬随着关节弯曲,但当关节回复至不弯曲位置时,背衬有足够的回弹性再与关节平顺一致。
在美国已颁专利5,088,483和5,160,315中可以发现较好地用于本发明的背衬特征的叙述。正如所讨论的,特别优选的背衬是挠性聚氨基甲酸酯、聚酯或聚醚嵌段酰胺膜或它们的结合。这些膜兼备较好背衬应有的回弹性、高湿蒸汽渗透性和透明性。
可用于本发明粘合复合物的较好压敏粘合剂是可用于皮肤的一般粘合剂,如美国专利RE 24,906中所述的丙烯酸酯共聚物,特别是97∶3丙烯酸异辛酯∶丙烯酰胺共聚物。也可以是美国专利4,737,410(实施例31)所述的70∶15∶15丙烯酸异辛酯∶丙烯酸乙烯辛酯∶丙烯酸三聚物。其它有用的粘合剂如美国专利3,389,827、4,112,213、4,310,509和4,323,557中所述的包含于粘合剂的药物或抗生素也可以从美国专利4,310,509和4,323,527中得知。
上述的较好压敏粘合剂以大于或等于人体皮肤穿透潮湿蒸汽的速度传递潮湿蒸汽。虽然通过选择合适的粘合剂可以得到这类特征,但在本发明中用其它方法,如美国专利4,595,001中所述的在背衬上涂覆粘合剂的方法,也可以得到相对快速的潮湿蒸汽透过速度。
适用于本发明粘合组合物的衬里可用牛皮纸、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯或这些材料的复合物来制得。衬里较好地用诸如氟代化学品或(聚)硅氧烷的松开剂涂覆。例如,美国专利4,472,480阐述了低表面能的全氟代化学品衬里。优选的衬里是用(聚)硅氧烷松开材料涂覆的纸、聚烯烃膜或聚酯膜。市售的(聚)硅氧烷涂覆的转移纸是POLYSLIKTM(聚)硅氧烷松开纸(从James RiverCo.,H.P.Smith分支,美国IL得到)和Daubert Chemical Co.(美国Il)提供的(聚)硅氧烷隔离纸。最好的衬里是Daubert得到的1-60BKG-157纸衬里,这是具有水基(聚)硅氧烷转移表面的高级牛皮纸。
其它的粘合剂和衬里的结合可以根据本发明的技术方案来推出。该技术领域的人员会熟悉新的粘合剂相对于不同的衬里或新的衬里相对于不同粘合剂以得到最终所需产品性质的测试方法。关于对(聚)硅氧烷转移衬的选择可见《压敏粘合剂技术手册》第18章,Van Nostramd-Reinhold,1982,384~403页。美国专利4,473,480也述及对全氟代聚醚转移衬里的选择。
在本发明的优选技术方案中,粘合剂是选择限于人体皮肤使用安全的那类,较好的是“低过敏”那类,优选的丙烯酸酯共聚物是这类粘合剂。衬里可从各种制造商那里得到各种性质的配方。该技术领域的人员将模拟使用条件对为了得到所需转移特征的产物再选择的粘合剂进行一般的试验。
用来提供本发明制得的敷料框架的载体材料较好地比背衬更硬以防止使用时背衬皱缩。背衬材料为了制得优选的敷料也须要热封于背衬上,有或没有上述的低粘涂料。一般来说,优选的载体材料可以包括,但不限于,聚乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物涂覆的纸和聚酯膜。较好的载体材料的一个例子是聚乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物涂覆超平整的牛皮纸(1-80BKG-157PE;DaubertChemical Co.,)。
本发明的粘合复合物较好地包括涂在背衬顶面上的低粘涂料,它作为聚乙烯基N-十八烷基氨甲酸酯的溶液和(聚)硅氧烷混合物进行涂覆,这在下面实施例1中作进一步的阐述、较好的低粘涂料与框架和背衬间的热封连接相匹配,在热封后也能保留它的低粘特征。虽然本发明粘合剂的顶面较好地包括低粘涂料,但没有这类具有框架载体材料的涂料的粘合剂复合物也在本发明范围内。
美国专利2,532,011揭示了较好的低粘涂料,聚乙烯基N-十八烷基氨基甲酸酯。如该专利中所述,具有本发明中有用性质的聚乙烯基氨基甲酸酯具有氨基甲酸酯侧链,多于5个碳原子长度烷基作为终端,通过使聚乙烯醇和有终端烷基的适当异氰酸酯反应来制得。较好的聚乙烯基N-十八烷基氨基甲酸酯通过使聚乙烯醇和十八烷基异氰酸酯反应来制得,这在氮连接的测链烷基有18个碳原子。这里所用的术语“异氰酸酯是单个-N=C=O基团,不包括二异氰酸酯。
也应明白能提供优选涂料低粘特征的其它涂料也可以采用。选择本发明任何低粘涂料最初考虑它们的转移特征及与框架和背衬热封连接的相配性。
因为背衬上的低粘涂料极薄,热封连接物使来自载体材料、低粘涂料和背衬的所有三层材料混合。结果,载体材料、低粘涂料和背衬的选择必须是能提供适当热封特征的结合。在下列实施例中提供了能提供适当热封连接的合并例子,但许多其它的结合也会满足本发明设备和方法的要求。
较好的敷料
参见图1,一种较好的粘合剂复合型敷料10包括较好是如上所述平顺的背衬14;在背衬14顶面上的低粘涂料13;与背衬14的顶面相连,在低粘涂层13上的框架12;在背衬14底面上的压敏粘合剂16;以及与压敏粘合剂16的暴露表面相连的衬里18。
在较好的技术方案中,框架12通过热封连接与背衬14(在低粘涂料13上)连接。在衬里18除去后,框架12给背衬14提供刚性,较好的是在其中部开口形成一个窗15,这暴露了背衬14的部分顶面。如上所述,低粘涂料13与框架12和背衬14间的热封连接相匹配。
衬里18和框架12较好地都包括延伸至背衬14周边下的小拉手17和19,以提供使用背衬/框架/粘合剂复合物时不接触粘合剂16的装置。
在较好技术方案中,框架12和背衬14间的热封连接比粘合剂16和衬里18间的连接更强。这个不同保证了衬里18从粘合剂复合敷料10中除去时背衬14仍与框架12连接。
如图所示敷料10具有框架12,该框架包括开口20,这样框架12不完全沿背衬14的周边延伸。该特征允许敷料10放在导管或其它器件上,同时仍连在框架12上以使操作背衬14更方便。
在使用时,首先从粘合剂复合敷料10上除去衬里18,使框架12/背衬14/压敏粘合剂接触。使用者然后可用在框架12上的小拉手17操作粘合剂复合敷料10,同时观察敷膜(10)将通过窗15连接的区域,因为优选的背衬14是透明的或半透明的。
除去在制备时覆盖在窗15上的载体材料是本发明制备敷膜10的重要进展。它消除了以前已知的窗式敷膜的方法(即,在从敷膜10的剩余物上除去衬里18前从窗15上除去载体材料的步骤),也使废弃物减少到消费者水平。
在可取的技术方案中,背衬14上的低粘涂料13在其它胶带或器件放在敷膜10上并除去时也减少了由于除去不要用的覆盖物而引起变化。低粘涂料13也减少了在床单或其它织物上敷料10的表面摩擦力,从而对意外敷料膜10的情况有了附加的保护。关于这点,应当评价的是,由背衬14上的低粘涂料、载体材料框架12下的热封所提供的特征使在使用前不必从窗15上除去载体材料。但是,在制备时除去这类载体以暴露出窗15是制备本发明粘合剂复合敷料可取的方法。
参见图2A和2B,它图示了本发明一个敷膜21的变换技术方案。如图所示,敷料21是一种粘合复合物,包括框架22、背衬24、粘合剂26和衬里28。衬里28较好地有一对反相的小拉把29供操作,框架22也有供操作的小拉把27。
如同图1中的敷料10,敷料21也包括框架22中的开口区域或窗25,这暴露了背衬24的部分顶面。框架22较好地绕背衬24的整个周边沿伸,较好地包括控制深度模头切割23从而使在敷膜21用到病人皮肤上以后能从背衬24上除去框架22。
图2B是敷料21的底视图,其中衬里28已除去,暴露出粘合剂层26和放置在敷料21近中部的吸收垫29。吸收垫29可用许多材料制备,包括,但不限于,纺织或编织模或人造丝、棉花人造丝、无纺布、水性胶体、泡沫或它们的结合。吸收垫29对含许多物质,包括抗菌素、透皮吸收药物、监测病人激素或其它物质的化学指示剂或它们的结合是有用的。此外,虽然显示的吸收垫29在敷膜21的中央,但它可以按需做成任何形状和/或可放在离开敷膜21中央部位。
应当注意从敷料的窗区域25上除去框材料22是本发明该技术方案中尤为有利的,因若垫29放在敷料21上时有该材料存在,吸收垫29会造成背衬24变形,使窗25中框材料22层间脱胶。
参见图3,它显示了根据本发明制备的另一种优选的的技术方案,如图所示,敷料30包括框架32、背衬材料34、粘合剂36和衬里38。如上述的技术方案所述,框架32绕于背衬34的周边且从敷料30的中部35除去以提供一个窗,暴露出敷膜30的背衬34的部分顶面。
本发明的这个技术方案对于过敏试验尤为有用,将带有放置过敏原的多孔(37)的批试验系统放在病人的皮肤上测定特定过敏原发生的过敏反应。
用如图3所示的更对的覆盖物,可以用复窗,在每个窗间有载体材料支撑(未显示),从而使给病人皮肤的覆盖敷料的装置更安全(如硬性),这些载体材料的支持区域有助于保证在复敷中不会叠在一起或本身粘在一起。另外,本发明的敷料可以包括额外增添的条带或其它有用的保证病人安全的设置(例如,小拉手、导管)(如美国专利5,160,315所述)。这些确保安全的条带在包括低粘涂料的本发明敷料中尤为有用。特别是,在背衬顶面的低粘涂料使得可以放置和重新放置这类敷料中,当需要另一种安全结构时排除更替敷料的需要。
较好的制备方法
现在来看根据本发明制备敷料的较好的和变换的方法,可取的基本方法如图4的流程所示,这里所示的步骤40可取地包括提供一种在背衬/背衬(压敏)粘合剂/衬里上形成的粘合复合物。每个复合物中每个组份的可取的材料如上所述。
可取方法中的步骤42包括在背衬的顶面提供低粘涂层的得到贴盖的(tape-over)特征,并且将由于床单的表面摩擦力减至最小,床单也就减少了敷料比意外脱落。
在可取的方法中,载体材料是模头切割44以形成在更好的敷料框架中部的窗。在可取技术方案中,模头切割可用该技术领域已知的旋转模头切割设备。在窗已被模头切割后,切割下来的载体材料在步骤46中除去。窗的除去围定了绕于敷料周边的载体材料框架的内部边缘。
可以用该技术领域已知的许多方法除去窗模头切割掉的载体材料。这些方法可以包括使用真空、空气压、重力、有直径小的夹辊从而使窗从框架的载体材料上除去。
如上所讨论的,形成窗的载体材料(要被除去)不应像构成每个敷膜框架的剩余载体材料那样,热封到背衬上。
在低粘涂覆步骤42、模头切割44和窗除去步骤46完成后,(已除去窗)的载体材料被热封48至背衬顶面低粘覆盖物上。
应当明白,虽然在图4中显示了步骤42、44和46的顺序,但它们可以同时进行,显示出顺序只为表述方便。
另一种较好的方法是在模头切割和窗除去步骤44和46前进行热封步骤48。在该方法中,热封区域不应延伸到背衬10窗区域以防止将窗材料热封到背衬上从而难以除去窗。另外,模头切割步骤44是控制深度模头切割以避免当窗被割除载体材料时割穿背衬。
控制热封可以有许多方法,包括热封中使用的热辊中加空腔或其它装置,如在夹辊上形成结构,在加工时压缩粘合剂复合物网。这些方法在下面将作更详细的阐述。
在窗于步骤44和46除去且已进行热封步骤48后,仅剩的步骤50是将粘合剂复合物网转化成最终产物。在优选的方法中,网由热封到背衬上的框架材料构成,在背衬上已被粘合剂,在反面有衬里。另外,围定每个敷料中心的窗已从载体材料上除去。该网较好地是直接进入旋转模头片台上,它能割除敷料的网并拉掉赘物或废物。较好的是每个敷料直接送于包装台来包装消毒的敷料并分发给顾客。
图5A和5B显示了两种步骤40,即提供背衬/背衬(压敏)粘合剂/衬里复合物的替换方法。图5A显示的方法包括步骤52,包括在废载体上背衬的挤出或涂覆。步骤54包括在衬里上涂覆背衬粘合剂以形成背衬粘合剂/衬里复合物。在步骤56中背衬粘合剂/衬里复合物与背衬/废载体复合物成层形成废载体/背衬/背衬粘合剂/衬里复合物,最后从背衬上除去废载体得到包括背衬/背衬(压敏)粘合剂/衬里复合物材料的复合物,然后按图4所述加工。
参见图5B,在替换的技术方案中,在步骤60中背衬粘合剂被涂覆在衬里上,步骤62中,背衬材料被直接挤出或涂覆在压敏粘合剂上,得到背衬/背衬(压敏)粘合剂/衬里复合物材料。图5B所述的方法比图5A稍有进步,因它避免使用废载体,从而降低了产物成本和加工步骤。但是两种方法都是根据本发明方法的方案。
图6~8显示了用来生产根据本发明可取的方法得到敷料的网进料旋转加工设备的图示流程。这类设备的细节是该技术领域人员公知的。用来实现本发明方法的。市售的控制深度模头切割系统可从,如the Mark Andy Comany(美国MO)和Bernal RotarySystem(美国MI)得到。
参见图6,辊72较好地包括如上述的可热封载体材料(也称为72),其热封面图示为73。如图示载体材料72绕在加热辊82上。第二输入辊70包括本发明的低粘涂料/背衬/背衬(压敏)粘合剂/衬里复合物(也指定为70)。低粘涂料/背衬部分74如图所示绕在辊向里的一面,而衬里78绕在向外的一面。来自输入辊70的网在由夹辊80和加热辊82形成的夹层间穿过,在所示的较好技术方案中,加热辊82包括在其周边上的空腔83,该空腔在加热辊夹层81中使丝网从夹层81送出中避开热封区84。
在下游,模头切割辊86和砧辊87控制深度模头切割载体材料72形成网中的窗。窗88然后用上述讨论的种种装置除去。拉辊90提供恒定压力区,成片辊92从网上除去最终产物,废料94绕于辊96上,然后弃去。
在图7所示的另一种技术方案中,载体材料辊102绕有热封片103向外的材料。载体材料(也是102)穿过模头切割辊116和砧辊114间的夹层105,在此处,窗118被割下并从载体材料102的网上除去。
载体材料102穿过由加热辊112和夹辊110形成的层压夹层111。同时也穿过成层站的是本发明的低粘覆盖物/背衬/背衬(压敏)粘合剂/衬里复合物,离开进料辊100时将低粘涂料/背衬部分104绕于外面,衬里108绕于里面。在图7所示的技术方案中,加热辊112不需要图6中加热辊82的空腔,因为在热成层步骤前,载体102中的窗材料已被除去,拉辊120为生产敷料10及绕在辊126上废料的成片模覆提供恒定的拉伸区。
参见图8,显示了另一种替换方法,载体材料132以可热封面133按图示穿过在此方法中,在与加热成层相同的地方进行控制深度模头切割。辊142是加热辊,146是模头切割辊,它使窗材料148从载体材料132中除去。
将低粘涂料/背衬/背衬(压敏)粘合剂/衬里复合物130绕入辊140和加热辊142间形成的夹层141。复合物130较好的是将低粘涂料/背衬部分134绕于朝外的一面,衬里138绕于朝里一面。在载体132和复合物130已成层并进入给成片模头152提供恒定压力区的拉辊150,从成片模头52处形成覆盖物10和绕于辊156上的废物154。
该技术领域人员应当明白,图6~8仅代表可能的设备构成的流程示意图,不能用来限制本发明的方法。
本发明方法的热封部分应小心控制,因为背衬和(在低粘涂层上)的框架材料间的热封连接的相对强度较之于病人皮肤和背衬粘合剂的连接是重要的。如上所讨论的,框架和背衬间的热封连接必须比背衬粘合剂和衬里间的连接更强,这样的关系可以防止在将覆盖物用于病人前除去衬里时框架从背衬上脱层。
优选的也是那些必须在加工的某点除去的窗中的载体材料不可以热封到背衬上,因为若它被热封到背衬上就难以除去窗,可替换的是,若窗材料被热封到背衬上,较好的是该热封连接的强度比框架和背衬间热封连接的强度弱,这样在除去窗时不会对框和背衬的连接产生负作用。
应当明白,在制备热封部分控制连接步骤受许多变动的影响,包括热封的材料、加热辊的温度、网的速度以及加热辊和夹辊之间的压力。
此外,应当明白对所得产品的消毒也会影响连接强度。特别已知的是较好的背衬粘合剂与病人皮肤的结合会被γ-消毒所影响。γ消毒也大用本发明产的热封粘连的强度有增强影响,但比背衬粘合剂/皮肤粘连强度的影响小得多。
将由上述热封工艺连接区域控制的加热辊的变化包括在加热辊中空腔的形成,或可替代的是夹辊,以产生几乎没有或没有热封连接的区域(如见图6,在网上的具有空腔83的辊82和未连接区84)。图7和8显示了在热封前就除去窗材料的方法,以避免在窗区域控制热封的问题(见图7,窗118和图8窗148)。
另一种控制网热封到背衬上的方法是使用如上所述的与加热辊相配的结构形夹辊。该结构可用来控制夹辊和加热辊间受压区域,并对辊间的总压缩力有作用。该结构层可以覆复于辊的整个表面或只限于相应于连接强度较好地更强或更弱的网上区域的辊上。
辊面结构可以是许多形式,包括但不限于,对于网上的中心线或辊上形成的凸图案呈平行槽或任何角度的交叉槽。最终考虑是控制或减少夹辊和加热辊间的接触面积,从而控制粘接强度。
可取的结构型夹辊具有在(聚)硅氧烷涂覆辊中印上的交叉槽图案,其硬度为约85 Shore A。槽设置的角度从沿辊表面的机加工方向来算约45°,不压缩时,槽减少了约50%夹辊的接触表面。
可替换是,应当明白加热辊筒能给予结构以附加地控制热封过程。
另一种控制热封粘接的变体是使用由不同硬度材料形成的弹性夹辊,从而在夹层区域中有不同的压缩率,进而影响了热封粘结强度。该特征变化在于改变压缩力以控制粘结强度,在一些例子中可用于与织品结构相配。
下列非限定实施例进一步说明了本发明的物品和方法,除非另作说明,所有的份数和百分数都以重量为基。
实施例1
用标准水平刀涂布器将根据美国专利Re.24,906制得的包括96%单元丙烯酸异辛酯和4%单元丙烯酰胺共聚物的25克/m2压敏剂施加于78磅漂白的转移衬里,一面涂复聚乙烯(聚)硅氧烷纸(POLYSLIK S-8053,H.P.Smith,美国IL州)
将1.1密耳(28微米)ESTANE 58309NAT 022聚氨基甲酸乙酯膜(B.F.Goodrich美国OH州)在粘合剂表面上成层形成敷料的背料。此时,完成了背衬/背衬(压敏)粘合剂/衬里复合物。
下一步是地背衬上涂上低粘层以得到本发明的贴复(tape-pvre)性质。在一个Gravure站上,将6%固体溶液(20份(聚)硅氧烷和80份聚乙烯基N-十八烷基氨基甲酸酯)用200行尖突起(line PyramidKnurl)涂在复合物的聚氨基甲酸乙酯(非-粘合)面。溶液包括:
1)95%单元SS4300和5%单元SR-0545的(聚)硅氧烷树脂。General Electric(美国NY州)提供90%(重量)的甲苯中的以上溶液;和
2)根据美国专利2,532,001,包括5%聚乙烯基N-十八烷基氨基甲酸酯固体在二甲苯-甲苯[22%-78%(重量)]中。
然后将低粘涂层/背衬/背衬(压敏)粘合剂/衬里复合物网切成适当的敷料所需的宽度。然后模头切割载体材料(1-80BKG-157&PE;Daubert Chemical Co.)形成将被除去的窗。
载体材料的PE面加热在上述复合物背衬(低粘涂层上)成层。用相似于模头切割/印刷机的旋转设备(Mark Andy生产美国MO)除去POLYSIK S-8053,并用更宽的衬里(2-60BKG-175-99AM:DaubertChemicsl Co.)代替以得到适当的敷料尺寸。供热封的地方是使用Tokuden Ltd.(日本东京)制造的加热辊。
实施例2
除了载体材料(1-80BKG-157和PE)模头切割成窗,然后在热封和衬里交换后除去嵌片外,其它按实施例1的过程。在此例中在Tokuden加热辊上铣加工形成空腔,这不会在窗部分热封。
实施例3
除了在背衬上不使用低粘涂料外按实施例1的步骤,这表明本发明的粘合剂复合物可以在背衬的横部设有低粘涂层。就此来说,用下列方法比较实施例1的低粘涂复合物和实施例3未涂覆复合物的载体和膜背衬的粘连剥离力。
在Instron试验机(型号:1122;Instron Corp.美国MA州)上用90°旋转剥离粘结试验来测量每个复合物的剥离力。将2.54cm宽双面胶带粘在装在Instron机有低爪上的可旋转金属轮上。将2.54cm宽的聚酯(聚)硅氧烷粘合带(8402号带,3M公司,美国MN)粘到双面胶带上,粘胶面向外。将样品复合敷料用模具切割成2.54×10.2cm的带,每个放在盖住轮的(聚)硅氧烷带上,载体材料面对着轮子,压敏粘合剂表面面对操作者。试验前,将膜/粘合剂部分一端拉离载体以形成小拉手,将该小拉手夹在Instron机的上爪上。然后以90°角度和300mm/分钟的十字接头速度拉下膜/粘合剂复合物。所记录的剥离力是每2.54cm宽的克数。
用上述的方法对实施例1和实施例3复合物的样品进行试验。该技术领域人员认为当材料成层时线速度、夹层温度和材料选择是三个被考虑的主要变量。其它的变量包括网拉力强度、夹辊压力和用于加热成层台处橡胶辊的硬度。这些变量的效应证明是重要的。就此来说,表1中显示了制造线速度(m/分钟)和热封温度℃对实施例1和3敷料复合物载体材料和背膜衬间剥离力(g/2.54cm宽)的影响。
表1
制造线速度和热封温度对实施例1和3敷料复合物的载体材料和膜背衬间的剥离力的影响 | |||
实施例号 | 线速度(m/分钟) | 热封温度(℃) | 剥离力(g/2.54cm宽) |
1 | 1.5 | 93 | 65 |
1 | 1.5 | 116 | 113 |
1 | 10.7 | 93 | 29 |
1 | 10.7 | 116 | 48 |
3 | 1.5 | 93 | 76 |
3 | 1.5 | 116 | 142 |
3 | 10.7 | 93 | 10 |
3 | 10.7 | 116 | 46 |
令人惊奇的是实施例1复合敷料的载体材料和膜背衬间的热封粘合力是可以与实施例3复合物的粘合力相比较,尽管实施例1在热封前已涂上了低粘涂料。事实上,高线速度和低热封速度使在背衬和载体材料间不含低粘合剂的实施例3复合物有优良的粘合力。
实施例4
除了以厚度1.1密耳(28微米)将PE-44聚氨基甲酸乙酯树脂(Morten International Seabrook,美国NH州)直接挤出到较好衬里(2-60BKG-157-99AM;Doubert chemical Co.)涂在易转移面(即99AM面)上的压敏粘合剂上,涂料溶液包括70%丙烯酸异辛酯单元、15%丙烯酸乙烯辛酯单元和15%丙烯酸单元的共聚物,并以3g/m2的涂料重量进行涂覆。
实施例5
使用实施例4的背衬和粘合结构与载体材料SCOTCHPAK呫1220膜——一种澄清、可热封的聚酯膜成层物(3M公司,美国MN州)相配,用实施例1的相同设备和方法形成产物。
鉴于前面的说明,应当明白本发明的方法和复合敷料不为为了阐述目的的细节所限定,其它的变动但不背离本发明的精神和所附权利要求书范围的是与所述的是等价的。
Claims (20)
1.一种粘合复合敷料,包括(a)一种有顶面和底面的平顺背衬;
(b)一种涂在至少背衬的部分底面的压敏粘合剂;
(c)可松脱地粘在背衬底面的压敏粘合剂上的衬里;以及
(d)可松脱地连结并覆盖了背衬的顶面的载体,该载体被可松开地热封到背衬上,所述载体在背衬顶面中心处的切割处围成了窗子,当窗子除去时,暴露出背衬顶面中心部分,载体用比背衬更硬的材料来形成以使粘合复合敷料有刚性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的粘合复合敷料,其中在背衬的顶面上涂有低粘涂料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的粘合复合敷料,其中载体和低粘涂料和背衬间的热封粘接比压敏粘合剂和衬里的粘接更强。
4.根据权利要求2所述的粘合复合敷料,其中低粘涂料是聚乙烯基氨基甲酸酯低粘涂料。
5.根据权利要求2所述的粘合复合敷料,其中低粘涂料是聚乙烯基N-十八烷基氨基甲酸酯。
6.根据权利要求1所述的粘合复合敷料,其中背衬选自聚氨基甲酸酯膜、聚酯膜、聚醚嵌段酰胺膜以及它们的结合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的粘合复合敷料,其中背衬和压敏粘合剂对湿蒸气的透过速度至少300g/m2/24小时/37℃/100-10%相对湿度。
8.根据权利要求7所述的粘合复合敷料,其中复合敷料包括吸收垫。
9.根据权利要求8所述的粘合复合敷料,其中吸收垫的材料选自棉花、无纺材料、水性胶体、泡沫和它们的结合。
10.根据权利要求8所述的粘合复合敷料,其中吸收垫的材料含有一种或多种选自抗菌剂、化学指示剂或它们结合的物质。
11.一种制备粘合复合敷料的方法,包括步骤:
(a)提供一种有顶面和底面的平顺背衬;在至少部分背衬底面上的压敏粘合剂以及在压敏粘合剂上的衬里;
(b)将载体可松开地热封到背衬的顶面,载体和背衬顶面的连接比衬里与压敏粘合剂的连结强;载体在背衬顶面中心处有切割处,围成了窗,所述的载体材料是比背衬更硬的材料。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中从背衬顶面上除去的载体部分没有热封到背衬上。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法,进一步包括在将载体热封到背衬顶面上的步骤以前用低粘涂料涂覆背衬顶面的步骤,其中载体和背衬间的热封粘接还包括低粘涂料。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中涂覆低粘涂料的步骤是用聚乙烯基N-十八烷基氨基甲酸酯涂覆背衬的顶面。
15.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述提供背衬、压敏粘合剂和衬里的步骤(a)包括:
1)提供在衬里上的压敏粘合剂;和
2)形成有粘合剂涂覆的衬里上的背衬。
16.根据权利要求11的方法,其中所述提供背衬、压敏粘合剂和衬里的步骤(a)进一步包括:
1)在废载体上形成背衬,这样废载体在背衬的顶面;
2)在衬里上提供压敏粘合剂;
3)在背衬的底面层压上粘合剂涂覆的衬里;和
4)从背衬的顶面除去废载体。
17.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中热封步骤包括采用辊筒上有结构的夹辊热封以控制载体和背衬顶面的粘接强度。
18.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中热封步骤进一步包括用硬度不同的弹性体的弹性夹辊热封以控制载体和背衬顶面间的粘接强度。
19.根据权利要求11所述的方法,进一步包括在窗围出的切割处除去部分载体。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中在将载体热封到背衬顶面上以前进行模头切割载体中的窗并除去窗。
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-
1994
- 1994-02-08 BR BR9405902A patent/BR9405902A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-02-08 ES ES94909573T patent/ES2150984T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-08 DE DE69426230T patent/DE69426230T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-08 KR KR1019950703981A patent/KR100355857B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-02-08 EP EP94909573A patent/EP0690706B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-08 CN CNB941915050A patent/CN1222258C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-08 DK DK94909573T patent/DK0690706T3/da active
- 1994-02-08 AU AU62374/94A patent/AU682853B2/en not_active Expired
- 1994-02-08 CA CA002157040A patent/CA2157040C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-08 WO PCT/US1994/001407 patent/WO1994021207A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-06-13 US US08/258,789 patent/US5531855A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-06-05 US US08/463,788 patent/US5738642A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-01-21 US US09/010,104 patent/US6169224B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1994021207A2 (en) | 1994-09-29 |
WO1994021207A3 (en) | 1995-02-02 |
KR100355857B1 (ko) | 2003-03-31 |
JP3522757B2 (ja) | 2004-04-26 |
US5531855A (en) | 1996-07-02 |
CA2157040C (en) | 2007-12-11 |
EP0690706A1 (en) | 1996-01-10 |
ES2150984T3 (es) | 2000-12-16 |
AU682853B2 (en) | 1997-10-23 |
DE69426230T2 (de) | 2001-03-01 |
DE69426230D1 (de) | 2000-12-07 |
DK0690706T3 (da) | 2001-01-08 |
CA2157040A1 (en) | 1994-09-29 |
JPH08508417A (ja) | 1996-09-10 |
BR9405902A (pt) | 1995-12-26 |
US5738642A (en) | 1998-04-14 |
AU6237494A (en) | 1994-10-11 |
US6169224B1 (en) | 2001-01-02 |
EP0690706B1 (en) | 2000-11-02 |
CN1121309A (zh) | 1996-04-24 |
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