CN1193867C - 热塑塑料制品的热模塑工艺及其设备 - Google Patents

热塑塑料制品的热模塑工艺及其设备 Download PDF

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CN1193867C
CN1193867C CNB011169362A CN01116936A CN1193867C CN 1193867 C CN1193867 C CN 1193867C CN B011169362 A CNB011169362 A CN B011169362A CN 01116936 A CN01116936 A CN 01116936A CN 1193867 C CN1193867 C CN 1193867C
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injection molding
molding seat
plastic board
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thermoplastic
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CN1323683A (zh
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F·塞萨诺
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/18—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14336—Coating a portion of the article, e.g. the edge of the article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/003—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/18—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C43/183—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles the preformed layer being a lining, e.g. shaped in the mould before compression moulding, or a preformed shell adapted to the shape of the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14836—Preventing damage of inserts during injection, e.g. collapse of hollow inserts, breakage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/40—Removing or ejecting moulded articles
    • B29C45/44—Removing or ejecting moulded articles for undercut articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/021—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles characterised by the shape of the surface
    • B29C2043/026—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles characterised by the shape of the surface having functional projections, e.g. fasteners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C2043/3205—Particular pressure exerting means for making definite articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/34—Feeding the material to the mould or the compression means
    • B29C2043/3444—Feeding the material to the mould or the compression means using pressurising feeding means located in the mould, e.g. plungers or pistons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/36—Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C2043/3665—Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles cores or inserts, e.g. pins, mandrels, sliders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/36—Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/42—Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles for undercut articles
    • B29C2043/425—Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles for undercut articles mould parts or sliders being movable independently from the mould halves for making undercut portions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/50—Removing moulded articles
    • B29C2043/5007—Removing moulded articles using cores, i.e. the cores forming part of the mould cavity
    • B29C2043/5023—Removing moulded articles using cores, i.e. the cores forming part of the mould cavity moving away
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C2045/0093—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor of articles provided with an attaching element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/25—Solid
    • B29K2105/253—Preform
    • B29K2105/256—Sheets, plates, blanks or films
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3005—Body finishings
    • B29L2031/3041—Trim panels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S425/00—Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
    • Y10S425/058—Undercut

Abstract

一种热塑塑料制品(L)的热模塑工艺，包括下列步骤：将至少一块热塑塑料板(L)加热至塑化温度；对两个半模(10、12)彼此相对的两个成型面(14、16)之间的已加热塑料板(L)进行压缩；以及在对所述两个成型面(14、16)之间的塑料板进行压缩同时，采取注射模塑成形法形成至少一个固定在塑料板(L)表面的元件(22)。

Description

热塑塑料制品的热模塑工艺及其设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种热塑塑料制品的热模塑工艺及其设备。
背景技术
本发明专门为热模塑衬在汽车内部的衬板而开发的。生产作为内衬板的常规技术包括将至少一块热塑塑料板加热到塑化温度，并与可能会有的装饰薄板一起设置在热模塑设备的两个半模之间，两个半模各有彼此相对的成型面。热模塑涉及对塑性状态的塑料板的两个相对表面施加压力，由此在塑料板上形成所需的形状。通常，当塑料板进行模制时，还会有一块装饰薄板放在这块塑料板的表面上。当生产作为汽车内衬的衬板时，往往需要在衬板的背面固定一个或更多的插件，形成紧固件(如螺钉、快装销钉等)的固定座。通常，这些插件是由与衬板的热模塑工序分开的注射模塑成形来生产。然后用焊接固定在模制塑料板的背面。也可用另一种方法，由注射模制成的插件可以在塑料板热模塑过程中固定到塑料板上。在这种情况下，先把各个插件在热模塑设备中定位，在塑料板模制过程中用机械方法固定到塑料板上。后一种方法需要一台独立于热模塑设备的注射设备，还包括一道把各个插件固定到模制出的塑料板上的工序，或包括另一道把各个插件定位到热模塑设备中的工序。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种热塑塑料制品的热模塑工艺和设备，它能降低成品的成本和简化生产过程。
根据本发明的一种热塑塑料制品的热模塑方法，包括下列步骤：
将至少一块热塑塑料板加热到塑化温度；以及
对处于两个半模的彼此相对位置的两个成型面之间的所述已加热的热塑塑料板进行压缩；
对所述成型面之间的热塑塑料板压缩的同时，通过将塑性材料在高压下注入与所述成型面之一相连通的注模座，形成至少一个固定在所述热塑塑料板表面的元件，
其特征在于，所述注模座设有一个处在所述元件和所述热塑塑料板之间的狭窄部分，用来降低注入的塑性材料与塑料板的接触压力。
根据本发明的热塑塑料制品的热模塑设备，包括：
第一半模和第二半模，它们在打开位置和闭合位置之间自由移动，并具有各自的成型面，用来将至少一块热塑塑料板热模塑成型；其中至少所述半模之一有至少一个与所述成型面之一相连通的注模座，以及至少有一个注射道用于将塑料注入所述注模座，形成至少一个固定在所述热塑塑料板表面的元件，
其特征在于，上述注模座具有一个处在所述元件和所述热塑塑料板之间的狭窄部分，用来降低注入的塑性材料与热塑塑料板的接触压力。
现在参照附图详细介绍本发明，附图只是提供了非限制性的示例。
附图说明
图1是依照本发明的热模塑设备的示意性局部剖视图；
图2和图3是示意性剖视图，显示图1中设备在工作循环中不同工序的情况；
图4是图3中箭头IV所指部分的示意性透视图；以及
图5是图3中箭头V所指部分的放大详图。
具体实施方式
参照图1至图3，标号10和12分别指代热模塑装置的上半模和下半模。这两个半模10、12分别有自己的成型面14、16，它们处在彼此相对的位置上，随着从开模位置移动到合模位置，对塑料板L施加预定的模塑压力。
图1所示为在塑料板L热模塑过程结束时两个半模处于合模位置的情况。塑料板L首先加热至塑化温度并处于开模位置的两个半模10、11之间。可能会有一块装饰薄板R连同塑料板L一起设置在两个半模之间，当塑料板L热模塑期间这块装饰薄板R就会贴合在塑料板L的表面上。半模10、12通常装有冷却系统，这是为了在热模塑期间确保塑料板L的温度冷却到大大低于热塑塑料的塑化温度。
两个半模之一(在所介绍的示例中是下半模12)设有至少一个注模座18，它与注射道20相通。注模座18设计用来形成插件22，例如，它具有图4所示的形状。图4所示的插件22只是作为一个示例，它包括一个带有孔26的部分24，孔的中心线基本上与塑料板L成正交。部分24通过固定在塑料板L上的三块壁板28与塑料板L相连接，每块壁板沿各自的边缘30进行连接。
图1所示为热模塑设备的结构，它所处的状态是在热模塑工序已完成而在将塑性材料注入注模座18之前。注模座18限定在半模12的一部分和滑块32之间，滑块32可以相对半模12滑动，使在注模座18内形成的插件22脱模。滑块32有构成半模12的热模塑成型表面一部分的表面34。
从图1可以看到，注模座18通过在插件22与塑料板L之间构成连接边30的狭窄部分36与热模塑表面16、34相连通。狭窄部分36的表面大大小于空腔18其余部分的横断面，这样可以显著降低注入注模座18狭窄部分36的塑性材料所需压力。
参看图2，当塑料板L的热模塑完成后以及塑料板L由于与两个半模10、12接触而部分冷却后，将能与塑料板L的热塑性基体相容的塑料注入注模座18内。塑料注射是按照塑料注射模塑成型的典型工艺来完成的。例如，可以采用丙烯基塑性材料，在注射压力在600-1000巴的范围内，温度在180℃的内进行。在注模座18与塑料板L之间接触的狭窄部分36可以降低注入塑料对塑料板L的压力，从而防止注入塑料损坏塑料板L和装饰薄板R。狭窄部分36的尺寸可以根据注射工艺的参数来确定，以便防止损坏塑料板，同时要使插件22与塑料板L之间相互结合的表面足够大，提供牢靠的固定条件。
如图3所示，当通过注射模塑成型得到插件22后，把两个半模10、12打开，同时把滑块32相对半模12按箭头A所指方向移开，插件22可以从注模座18脱模。如图3和图5所示，插件22沿狭窄边缘30固定在塑料板L上。固定到塑料板L上的插件22的数量要根据特定的需要来定。而且，每一插件22的形状和尺寸会与这里所介绍和描述的有很大不同，这里介绍的只不过是为了举个例子。

Claims (4)

1.一种热塑塑料制品的热模塑方法，包括下列步骤：
将至少一块热塑塑料板(L)加热到塑化温度；以及
对处于两个半模(10、12)的彼此相对位置的两个成型面(14、16)之间的所述已加热的热塑塑料板(L)进行压缩；
对所述成型面(14、16)之间的热塑塑料板压缩的同时，通过将塑性材料在高压下注入与所述成型面(14、16)之一相连通的注模座(18)，形成至少一个固定在所述热塑塑料板(L)表面的元件(22)，
其特征在于，所述注模座(18)设有一个处在所述元件(22)和所述热塑塑料板(L)之间的狭窄部分(36)，用来降低注入的塑性材料与塑料板(L)的接触压力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，包括这样一道工序：把限定所述注模座(18)一部分的滑块(32)移开，使已注射成形的元件(22)从相关的注模座(18)中脱出。
3.热塑塑料制品的热模塑设备，包括：
第一半模(10)和第二半模(12)，它们在打开位置和闭合位置之间自由移动，并具有各自的成型面(14、16)，用来将至少一块热塑塑料板(L)热模塑成型；其中至少所述半模(10、12)之一有至少一个与所述成型面(14、16)之一相连通的注模座(18)，以及至少有一个注射道(20)用于将塑料注入所述注模座(18)，形成至少一个固定在所述热塑塑料板(L)表面的元件(22)，
其特征在于，上述注模座(18)具有一个处在所述元件(22)和所述热塑塑料板(L)之间的狭窄部分(36)，用来降低注入的塑性材料与热塑塑料板(L)的接触压力。
4.根据权利要求3所述的设备，其特征在于，带有所述注模座(18)的半模设有一个滑块(32)，它可以在工作位置与非工作位置之间相对所述半模滑动，在工作位置时滑块(32)限定所述注模座(18)的一部分，在非工作位置已注射成形的元件可以从所述注模座(18)脱出。
CNB011169362A 2000-05-12 2001-05-11 热塑塑料制品的热模塑工艺及其设备 Expired - Fee Related CN1193867C (zh)

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