CN1181077A - 苯并吡喃类化合物及其使用方法 - Google Patents

苯并吡喃类化合物及其使用方法 Download PDF

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CN1181077A
CN1181077A CN96193239A CN96193239A CN1181077A CN 1181077 A CN1181077 A CN 1181077A CN 96193239 A CN96193239 A CN 96193239A CN 96193239 A CN96193239 A CN 96193239A CN 1181077 A CN1181077 A CN 1181077A
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compound
salt
hydroxyl
phenyl
solution
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CN1158274C (zh
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F·拉布里
Y·梅兰德
S·高思尔
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Endorecherche Inc
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Endorecherche Inc
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Abstract

本发明公开了一些用于治疗雌激素敏感疾病如乳腺癌的苯并吡喃类抗雌激素剂。本发明还提供了容易制备的前药形式,这些前药具有良好的贮藏期和生物利用率。并且优选的立体异构体比外消旋混合物更有效。

Description

苯并吡喃类化合物及其使用方法
发明领域
本发明涉及新的甾类性激素活性抑制剂,如具有有效拮抗能力且基本上无兴奋作用的抗雌激素化合物。更具体讲,本发明一些优选的实施方案涉及某些取代苯并吡喃化合物,尤其是一些药物前体物质和一些立体有择物质,并还涉及它们在治疗雌激素敏感疾病方面的应用。发明背景
在某些甾类性激素依赖病症的治疗过程中,重要的是大大降低或者(如果可能的话)消除某些甾类性激素诱发的作用。为此目的,最好是不仅要阻断甾类性激素刺激的受体部位,还要降低可以在这些部位作用的甾类性激素的量。例如,施用抗雌激素剂的交替或同时疗法包括设法阻断雌激素产生(如通过卵巢切除术),使得仅有较少量雌激素可到达激活受体部位。然而,阻断雌激素产生的现有方法不能完全抑制雌激素诱发的作用。实际上,即使在完全缺乏性激素的情况下,一些受体也可能被激活。参见Simard和Labrite,“Keoxifene在垂体促性腺细胞中显示完全抗雌激素活性”(Keoxifene shows pure antiestrogenic activity inpituitary gonadotrophs),分子细胞内分泌学(Mol.Cell.Endocrinol.),39:141-144,(1985),尤其是第144页。
因此,与仅抑制性激素产生的疗法相比,施用性激素拮抗剂能产生更好的治疗效果。然而,现有的拮抗剂常常对受体具有不足的亲和性,并且某些拮抗剂尽管能与受体结合,但它们本身起兴奋剂作用,并且不合需要地激活特定受体,而这种受体是它们要保护使不被激活的。因此,本领域需要能有效阻断雌激素受体且具有最小的或者完全不具有兴奋作用的抗雌激素剂。化合物的净效力不仅受其兴奋活性(不希望的)影响,还受拮抗活性(所希望的)的影响。在Wakeling和Bowler的“类固醇类纯抗雌激素剂”(steroidao Pure Antioestrogens),《内分泌学杂志》(J.Endocrinol.),112:R7-R10(1987)中,据说一些类固醇衍生物可用作抗雌激素剂。
美国专利4,094,994中公开了使用某些抗雌激素剂能抑制某些人乳腺肿瘤细胞。
H.Mouridsen等人在《癌症治疗评论》(Cancer Treatm.Rev.)5:131-141(1978)中公开了抗雌激素剂三苯氧胺能够有效缓解大约30%受治疗的妇女患者的恶性乳腺癌。
联合使用抗雌激素剂三苯氧胺和促黄体素释放激素兴奋剂布舍瑞林治疗乳腺肿瘤也是公知的。参见,例如,Klijn等人《甾类生物化学》(J.Steroid Biochem)420:no.6B,1381(1984)。然而,这种肿瘤的真实缓解仍保持在不能接受的低水平上。
业已发现,一些7α-取代的雌二醇衍生物,例如7α-(CH2)10CONMeBu取代的雌二醇,具有抗雌激素活性(Bowler等人,1985;欧洲专利申请0138504;Wakeling和Bowler,《甾类生物化学》,30:141-147(1988))。还可以参见美国专利4,659,516。也可以使用取代基(CH2)9SOC5H6F5(Wakeling等人,《癌研究》,51:3867-3873,1991)。
美国专利4,732,912中还公开了一些-(CH2)10CONMeBu取代化合物(参见如实施例5和16)。还可参见EP专利166,509,EP专利124369,EP专利160508,EP专利163416,美国专利4760061,美国专利4751240以及Wakeling A.E..和Bowler,.J.《内分泌学杂志》,112:R7-R10(1987)。
Von Angerer等人在《医药化学杂志》(J.Med.Chem.)1990;33:2653-2640页的题为“新的纯雌激素拮抗剂1-(氨基烷基)-2-苯基吲哚类化合物”(1-(aminoalkyl)-2-phenylindoles as Novel Pure EtrogenAntagonists)论文中讨论了其它抗雌激素剂。其中据说一些抗雌激素剂能抑制某些人乳腺肿瘤细胞。同样可参见DE3821148。
A.Saeed等人在《医药化学杂志》(J.Med.Chem.),33:32103216,1990;A.P.Sharma等人在《医药化学杂志》(J.Med.Chem),33:3216-3222和3222-3229(1990)中描述了一些具有下述分子结构的2,3-二芳基-2H-1-苯并吡喃类似物的合成和生物活性:它们用作抗雌激素剂。N.Durani等人在《医药化学杂志》(J.Med.Chem.),32:1700-1707(1989)中描述了用作抗雌激素剂的苯并呋喃和三芳基呋喃类似物的合成和生物活性。
在本申请人的与此有关的在先申请中(PCT申请公开WO93/10741),公开了一类改进的雌激素活性抑制剂,包括抑制剂EM-343,即7-羟基-3-(4′-羟基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″(2-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基-2H-苯并吡喃及其前药。本发明部分涉及特定种类的苯并吡喃抗雌激素剂以及某些修饰的苯并吡喃抗雌激素剂,所有这些进一步提供了改进特性。现已发现,某些EM-343的前药能提供特别有效的优点。EM-343能以两种对映体中的任一种形式或以两种对映体的混合物形式施用。现已发现,两种对映体中的一种比另一种更有效。这种更有效的对映体及其前药也构成了本发明的主题。
在体内通过酶促或自发反应能转化成活性药物的活性药物衍生物是已知的(参见H.Bundgaard,药物前体的设计和应用,见《药物设计和研制》教科书,P.krogsgaard-Larsen和H.Bundgaard编辑;Harwood科学出版社,GmfH,Chur,Switzerland,1991,第113-191页)。就类固醇系列而言,例如,Druzgala等人(《甾类生物化学·分子生物学》(J.Steroid Biochem.Molec.Biol.),38,149-154,1991)业已描述了糖皮质素前药。Bodor等人在美国专利申请4,213,978号和德国专利申请公开DE2948733中公开了使用孕酮的噻唑烷衍生物作为局部药物。FriendDR在《治疗药物载体体系的临界评论》(Critical Reviews in TherapeuticDrug Carrier Systems),Vol.7(2),第149-186页(1990)中报道了雌激素和孕酮的前药衍生物的经皮吸收。发明目的
本发明的目的之一是提供能减少雌激素受体激活的化合物和组合物,包括一些前药和旋光物质。
本发明的另一目的是提供了非甾类抗雌激素剂,它们对雌激素受体具有良好的亲和性,且基本上对这些受体无不希望的兴奋活性以及基本上无激素活性。
本发明的再一目的是提供了可用于治疗雌激素相关疾病(如疾病的发作或进展受雌激素受体激活促进的疾病)的治疗化合物和组合物。这些疾病包括(但不限于)乳腺癌,子宫癌,卵巢癌,子宫内膜移位,子宫纤维瘤,性早熟和良性前列腺增生。
本发明的又一目的是提供易合成和纯化的前药,它们具有良好的生物利用率,并具有良好的贮存稳定性,同时在体内容易进行转化,产生所需的活性成分。发明概述
本发明的上述和其它目的可由这里所述的化合物、它们的药物组合物达到以及通过在类固醇性激素依赖病的治疗中利用本发明化合物(或含有它们的药物组合物)达到。例如,当采用本发明的化合物和组合物进行治疗时,乳腺癌,子宫内膜瘤以及其它雌激素依赖病(它们的发作或进展受雌激素活性促进)都具有良好的反应。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了化合物或其可药用盐,所述化合物具有下述分子结构:
其中R1和R2独立地选自羟基和在体内能转化成羟基的基团;
其中R3为-CH2-或-CH2CH2-;和
其中所述化合物或盐包括大于50%(重量比,按全部立体异构体重量计)这样的立体异构体,它们在编号2的手性碳原子上具有与EM-652中编号2的手性碳原子相同的绝对构型。
优选的化合物在其编号2的碳原子上具有与EM652((+)-7-羟基-3-(4′-羟基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″-(2-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃)中编号2的碳原子相同的绝对构型。
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供了化合物或其可药用的其它盐,所述化合物具有下述分子结构:
Figure A9619323900121
其中A-为可药用酸的阴离子;
其中R1和R2独立地选自羟基和在体内能转化成羟基的基团;和
其中R3为-CH2-或-CH2CH2-。
在再一实施方案中,本发明提供了化合物或其可药用盐,所述抑制剂具有下述分子结构:
其中R3为-CH2-或-CH2CH2-;并且其中R1或R2至少一个为在体内能转化成羟基的基团。
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供了具有下述分子结构的旋光化合物或其可药用盐:
Figure A9619323900132
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供了具有下述分子结构的旋光化合物或其可药用盐:
Figure A9619323900133
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供了具有下述分子结构的旋光化合物或其可药用的盐:
在另一实施方案中,这里所述的任一化合物与可药用的稀释剂或载体一起被配制成含有本发明活性化合物的药物组合物。
在另一实施方案中,提供了治疗乳腺癌,子宫内膜癌或其它雌激素敏感疾病(这种疾病的发作或进展由雌激素活性引起或加重)的方法,包括对患者施用本发明化合物或药物组合物。
“在体内能转化成羟基的基团”是指通过体内的化学或酶促过程被裂解或被羟基或相应的阴离子置换的基团。许多这类基团是本领域公知的(参见,如《药物基础和发展教科书》(Textbook of drug Basics andDevelopment)(P-Krogrgaard-Garsen和H.Bundgaard编辑),Harwood科学出版社,GmfH,Chur,Switzerland,1991,尤其是第154页)。这类基团的非限制性实例有烷氧基,链烯氧基,芳氧基,烷基羧基,烷氧基羧基,二烷基氨基羧基和甲硅烷氧基,它们(当按本发明化合物中所示连接时)能被转化成羟基。
本发明优选外消旋体EM-343((±)-7-羟基-3-(4′-羟基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″-(2-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃)的前药,尤其是在这里被称作“EM-652”,((+)-7-羟基-3-(4′-羟基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″-(2-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃)的EM-343的右旋对映体,但本发明并不局限于这些物质。
本发明涉及这里所述的化合物的盐(包括配盐)和前药形式。除非另有说明,下述规定适用于这里所提出的所有分子结构和通式。取代基可具有R或S立体化学。任何多于两个原子的基团部分可以是直链或支链的,另有说明除外。
这里所述的化合物可以外消旋混合物形式或以旋光物质形式存在,另有说明除外。当使用术语“抗雌激素剂”描述本发明化合物时,并不是指这些化合物除拮抗活性(如抑制如上所述的酶)外不提供其它有益作用,此术语还包括生物活性化合物和其在体内能转化成生物活性物质的前药形式。
勿受理论束缚,据认为本发明的新化合物和药物组合物能用于治疗雌激素相关疾病,这是由于它们具有抑制雌激素受体激活的能力。据认为,本发明化合物的活性形式可以通过各种机理减少雌激素受体的激活。一种可能的机理为“抗雌激素”作用,其中本发明化合物与雌激素受体结合并阻断雌激素接近这些受体。还认为,本发明化合物实质上缺乏内在的雌激素活性。也就是说,认为本发明化合物具有较低的(如果有的话)激活它们所结合的雌激素受体的内在能力,并且不容易在体内转化成具有显著内在雌激素活性的化合物。许多本发明化合物起作用的另一种机理是抑制酶的作用,这些酶能产生性激素或其前体。本发明化合物可抑制的这类酶的实例包括(但不限于)芳香酶,17β-羟甾类脱氢酶,3β-羟甾类脱氢酶等。附图简述
图1说明了递增浓度的EM-343
Figure A9619323900151
和其右旋对映体EM-652对ZR-75-1人乳腺癌细胞中雌二醇诱导的细胞增殖的对比抑制活性。对于EM-343,计算得到的IC50值为2.4×10-10M,而对于EM-652则为1.1×10-10M,这表明,EM-652的活性要比EM-343高2倍。这里所用的术语“EM-343”(除明确说明为外消旋混合物外)包括任何具有上述分子结构的对映体并包括它们的混合物(包括外消旋混合物)。术语“EM-651”和“EM-652”分别专指左旋或右旋对映体浓度高的EM-343旋光体。
图2说明了递增浓度的外消旋体EM-612(EM343的二苯甲酸酯),具有下述结构:与EM-661(旋光并富集EM-612的右旋对映体)和EM-658(旋光并富集EM-612的左旋对映体)对ZR-75-1人乳腺癌细胞中雌二醇诱导的细胞增殖的对比抑制活性。计算各自的IC50值,EM-612的为5.76×10-10M,EM-661的为4.37×10-10M以及EM-658的为3.01×10-8M,这表明右旋对映体EM-661的活性要比左旋对映体EM-658高69倍。
图3说明了递增浓度的外消旋体EM-762(EM343的二新戊酸酯),具有下述结构:
Figure A9619323900162
与EM-800(旋光并富集EM-762的右旋对映体)和EM-776(旋光并富集EM-762的左旋对映体)对ZR-75-1人乳腺癌细胞中雌二醇诱导的细胞增殖的对比抑制活性。计算各自的IC50值,EM-762的为6.47×10-10M,EM-800的为4.37×10-10M以及EM-776的为1.9×10-8M,这表明右旋对映体EM-800的活性要比左旋对映体EM-776高43倍。
图4也同样说明了在指定的有或无用雌酮同时处理(0.06μg,每天两次,卵巢摘除后的第6天至第11天)的情况下,以指定方式和剂量分别施用(每天一次)外消旋体EM-343和其左旋对映体EM-651以及其右旋对映体EM-652,在连续施用9天(卵巢摘除后的第3天至第11天)处理卵巢摘除的成年雌性Balb/C小鼠之后,比较它们对小鼠子宫重量(mg)的影响。雌酮为强有效的雌激素雌二醇的前体。因此所示数据表示出化合物阻断雌激素受体的能力(即作为抗雌激素剂的能力),也可以表示出化合物抑制雌酮转化成雌二醇的能力。
图5说明了在指定的有或无用雌酮同时处理(0.06μg,s.c.,每天两次,卵巢摘除后的第6天至第11天)的情况下,每天一次经口分别施用指定剂量具有下述分子结构的EM-762(EM-343的二新戊酯):和其左旋对映体EM-776及其右旋对映体EM-800,在连续施用9天(卵巢摘除后的第3天至第11天)处理卵巢摘除的成年雌性Balb/C小鼠之后,比较它们对小鼠子宫重量(mg)的影响。
本发明通过下面详述的优选实施方案进一步说明,它们仅用来说明本发明,并且本发明并不局限于这些优选的实施方案。优选实施方案的详细说明
优选的本发明前药包括这些前药,其中活性物质的苯并吡喃和苯基基团上的羟基取代基(如EM-343或其右旋对映体EM-652中的羟基)中至少一个被能在体内转化成羟基的取代基置换。许多这类在体内能转化成羟基的基团是本领域公知的(参见,Bundgaard H.的“前药的设计和应用”,药物基础和发展教科书(A.Textbook of drug Desygn &Development)(Bundgaard & Krogsgaard-Larsen编辑),Harwood科学出版社,GmfH,Chur,Switzerland,1991,第154页)。本申请人现已研制开发出前药,其:(1)具有良好的结晶性,因此更容易合成和纯化;(2)具有良好贮存稳定性,但在体内又具有足够的不稳定性,从而容易转化成优选的活性化合物;(3)良好的生物利用度(如在施用后穿过膜的能力或到达所希望位置的能力);和(4)低代谢物毒性。
申请人现已发现,能提供上述特性良好结果的最好组合的前药为这样一些前药,其中在前药体中,活性化合物的一个或多个羟基被酰氧基置换,优选脂族或芳族酰氧基,最优选位阻(如支链或脂环族)脂族酰氧基,尤其是新戊酰氧基。在其它实施方案中,活性物质的羟基取代基可特别被选自下述的官能团置换:
其中X为硫或氧;
R4选自烷基,链烯基,炔基,和芳基;
R5和R6独立地选自氢,烷基,链烯基,炔基,芳基和阳离子;和
R7选自氨基,烷基氨基,氨基烷基,和alkylsulfanyl。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了化合物或其可药用盐(有或无稀释剂或载体),所示化合物具有下述下述分子结构:其中R3为-CH2-或-CH2CH2-;以及其中的R1和R2独立地选自羟基,酰氧基,
Figure A9619323900192
(R4为烷基,链烯基,炔基,或芳基;以及R7为氨基,烷基氨基,氨基烷基,或alkylsulfanyl),
以及其中R1或R2中至少一个不为羟基。
当这里所述的分子结构的绝对构型未指明时,这些分子结构可包括由所存在的任何手性中心产生的一个或多个对映体,可包括外消旋混合物,或者可以为旋光的。本发明人现已发现,在治疗雌激素相关疾病时,最好是在抑制雌激素受体激活时,本发明化合物的一些对映体比另一些更有效。相对于效力低的对映体,本发明通过选择性增高效力高的对映体的浓度,和通过由此提供的用于治疗雌激素相关疾病的旋光产物来改善效价。在优选的实施方案中,本发明的旋光抗雌激素剂包括至少90%效力高的对映体,并优选基本纯净的效力高的对映体。
本文中所述的所有化合物在其编号为2的碳原子上具有手性中心。业已发现,本发明抗雌激素剂中的最有效立体异构体为这些,它们在其编号2的手性碳原子上具有与EM652相同的绝对构型,EM-652为下式抗雌激素剂的右旋对映体:
Figure A9619323900201
(+)-7-羟基-3-(4′-羟基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″-(2
-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃
优选的立体异构体总是在其编号为2的碳原子上具有与EM-652相同的绝对构型,但当其分子结构中的其它部位还存在其它手性中心时,它们不一定为右旋的。然而,当仅存在一个手性中心时,优选的对映体将是右旋的。在体内能被除去的分子结构部分包含有其它手性中心的优选前药在其编号为2的碳原子上仍具有与EM-652相同的优选的绝对构型。因此,前药在体内转化形成的活性体不包含有其它手性中心并且是右旋的(虽然在前药形式下,由于其暂时的其它手性中心,它们可能为左旋的)。为证明特定的旋光物质具有优选的绝对构型,可采用本领域公知的技术测定物质的偏振光平面的旋光性。当本发明的前药体中存在其它手性中心时,在测量所产生的活性化合物的偏振光的旋光性之前,应首先采用本领域公知的不外消旋化或翻转活性物质的剩余手性中心的温和技术将这些前药转化成活性物质(参见,如实施例8),或者解除非编号2的其它手性中心。如果旋光性表明为右旋旋光化合物(在除去前药体中可能存在的任何其它手性中心之后),则前药体和所得的活性体在碳2上均具有优选的绝对构型。
本发明化合物包括氮杂环。在一些但非全部的实施方案中,本发明涉及盐,其中杂环的氮为结合有可药用酸阴离子的荷电季氮。本发明还涉及配盐,其中杂环的氮在全部分子结构中并不是唯一的荷电“盐”位置。优选的实施方案为旋光的并在碳2上具有EM-652的绝对构型(可通过在碱性条件下消去盐,由此得到仅含碳原子2一个手性中心的游离碱来证实,其中游离碱的绝对立体化学可随后通过校验所期望的右旋旋光性确定)。
当系统施用时,本发明的药物组合物和化合物的优选用途包括但不局限于治疗乳腺癌,子宫内膜癌,子宫癌,卵巢癌,子宫内膜炎,子宫纤维瘤,性早熟和良性前列腺增生。其它雌激素敏感病症(它们的发作或进展受雌激素活性促进)对按照本发明的治疗都具有良好的反应。
尤其是在治疗的早期阶段,优选采取随机血样(occasional bloodsamples)或者根据需要改变剂量以维持本发明活性化合物的血清浓度或各活性化合物的总血清浓度(施用多于一种活性化合物时)在约0.2μg/ml和10μg/ml之间。依据所观察到的病人反应,主治医师可以选择改变此目标浓度。
根据本发明施用的化合物,当口服施用时,优选以0.01至10mg/kg体重/天(优选0.05至1.0mg/kg)剂量范围施用,对于平均体重患者,剂量为5mg/天,尤其是10mg/天,优选以两个等量的分剂量给药;或者当肠胃外给药时(即肌内,皮下或经皮给药),优选以0.003至3.0mg/kg体重/天(优选0.015至0.3mg/kg)剂量范围施用,对于平均体重患者,剂量为1.5mg/天,尤其是3.0mg/天,优选以两个等量的分剂量形式施用。优选本发明化合物与如下所述的可药用稀释剂或载体一同施用。
优选的药物组合物包括治疗有效量至少一种本发明化合物,其中包括可药用稀释剂或载体和活性化合物。稀释剂或载体中的活性化合物的浓度(此术语包括本发明所述的前药)可按照已知技术改变,这取决于药物组合物的施用方式。
适于口服施用的组合物可优选包括至少一种这里所述的甾类性激素活性抑制剂,其中所述药物组合物中所有这类抑制剂的总浓度为组合物总重量的约0.2%至大约95%,并优选约1%至约10%。优选包括可药用稀释剂,例如,含有或不含酒石黄的淀粉或乳糖。
当制备肠道外注射剂时,甾类性激素活性抑制剂优选以大约0.5mg/ml至大约100mg/ml(优选约1mg/ml至5mg/ml)浓度加到载体中,这种载体优选包括至少一种盐水,水,含水乙醇,含水二甲亚砜,和油。
适于连续肠胃外给药的组合物优选含有载体和本发明的抗雌激素剂,其中抗雌激素剂的浓度在所用体积流速下应足以输入大约0.5mg至大约500(优选2.5至50)mg抗雌激素剂/50kg体重/天。因此体积流量应随浓度而改变,以获得所希望的结果。浓度越高,则需要的体积流量就越少,反之浓度越低,则需要的体积流量就越大。
在某些可供选择的实施方案中,本发明的药物组合物可采用已知技术配制成持续释放制剂。这些持续释放制剂优选制备成适合口服,肌内,或皮下给药的适当形式。化合物也可根据公知技术以经皮斑贴形式施用。根据本发明,这些持续释放制剂必须配制成能够输入大约0.5mg至500mg(优选2.5至50mg)抗雌激素剂/50kg体重/天的形式。
下面所述的为本发明一些优选化合物的一些优选合成设计的流程图,说明和例证。下述各步仅通过实例方式说明。本领域技术人员很容易认识到能够产生各种有用的本发明化合物的别种合成途径和变化。优选的甾类性激素活性抑制剂的合成实施例仪器
本发明中的IR光谱采用Perkin-Elmer 1600 Series FT-IR光谱仪测定。质子NMR光谱用Brucker AC-F300型仪器测定。本文中所用了下述缩写:s,单峰;d,双峰;dd,双二重峰;t,三重峰;q,四重峰;和m,复峰。化学位移(δ)以氯仿定位(对于1H,为7.26ppm,而对于13C,则为77.00ppm)并用ppm表示。旋光度是在室温下用Jasco DIP360旋光仪测量。质谱(MS)用V.G.Micromass 16F仪测定。薄层色谱(TLC)用0.25mm Kiesel凝胶60 F254板(E.Merck,Darmstadt,FRG)进行。对于快速色谱,则使用Merck-Kiseslgel 60(230-400目A.S.T.M.)。除非另有说明,起始原料和反应物均从市场购得并直接使用或通过常规方式纯化。所有纯化和干燥过的溶剂和反应物均在氩气氛下贮藏。无水反应在惰性气氛中进行,并且装置的装配和冷却也在氩气氛下进行。有机溶液用硫酸镁干燥,并利用旋转蒸发仪在减压下蒸发。缩写说明
DHP    3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃
EDTA   乙二胺四乙酸
HPLC   高压液相色谱
PTSA   对-甲苯磺酸
THF    四氢呋喃
THP    四氢吡喃基
TMS    四甲基硅烷基
                   实施例17-羟基-3-(4′-羟基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″-(2-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃(EM-343)的合成合成A(此合成见下面流程1中所述)
                流程1
前述合成按下所述进行:三酚3
将间苯二酚1(89.2mg.0.810mol)和酸2(135.4mg,0.890mol)(这两种化合物均购自Aldrich化学有限公司.,Milwaukee,Wis.)在乙醚合三氟化硼(300ml)和甲苯(240ml)中的悬浮液在100℃加热3小时,然后冷却至室温。所得悬浮液与12%乙酸钠水溶液(400ml)一起搅拌过夜。滤出所产生的沉淀,用蒸馏水(2×1L)和12%乙酸钠水溶液(400ml)洗涤。随后将固体与12%乙酸钠水溶液(1.2L)一同搅拌过夜。滤出沉淀,用蒸馏水(500ml)洗涤并重结晶(乙醇∶水;0.75∶3L),得到三酚3(160.2g,81%),将其真空干燥一周(mp.180-185℃)。二-四氢吡喃基醚4
0℃下,将三酚3(164g,0.672mol)的3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃(600ml)(购自Aldrich化学有限公司.,Milwaukee,Wis.)悬浮液用对-甲苯磺酸一水合物(2×10mg)处理。反应混合物在0℃搅拌1.5小时,然后移去冰浴并搅拌1小时(反应利用TLC监测;加入对-甲苯磺酸一水合物直至起始物质和单四氢吡喃基醚消失)。然后用饱和碳酸氢钠(250mL)和乙酸乙酯(1L)处理混合物。有机相用饱和碳酸氢钠(250ml)和盐水(250ml)洗涤,硫酸镁干燥并减压蒸发。粗混合物与己烷(2L)一起搅拌研磨3小时。所得悬浮液在0℃放置5小时,然后于-20℃放置18小时。滤出固体并再用己烷(1L)搅拌处理1小时,得到化合物4,将其过滤并干燥(190g,69%),mp 109-112℃:1H-NMR δ(300MHz,:CDCl3),1.5-2.1(12H,m,O-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-O),3.55-3.65(2H,m,O-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-O),3.75-3.95(2H,m,O-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-O),4.16(2H,s,Ph-CH2C=O),5.40(1H,t,J=3Hz,O-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-O),5.49(1H,t,J=3Hz,O-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-O),6.55(1H,dd,J=2.5Hz和8.5Hz,CH苯基),6.61(1H,d,J=2.5Hz,CH苯基),7.03和7.17(2H,AB系统,J=8.5Hz,CH苯基),7.77(1H,d,J=8.5Hz,CH苯基),12.60(1H,s,PhOH)。胺7
利用Dean-Stark装置,将二-四氢吡喃基醚4(150g,0.364mol),4-羟基苯甲醛5(46g,0.377mol,购自Aldrich化学有限公司,Milwaukee,Wis.)(4-羟基苯甲醛用木炭处理并用蒸馏水重结晶)和哌啶(11ml)在苯(3.7L)中的溶液搅拌回流60小时。减压除去溶剂。将粗中间体,1-(2-氯乙基)哌啶单盐酸盐6(80g,0.435mol),碳酸铯(282g,0.866mol)和蒸馏水(50ml)在丙酮(3.7L)中机械搅拌回流19小时,然后冷却至室温。过滤混合物并用丙酮(100ml)洗涤。然后减压除去滤液,得到一残留物,用硅胶(10L)快速色谱纯化(先用乙酸乙酯,再用乙酸乙酯∶甲醇;9∶1洗脱),得到化合物7(148g,65%)。EM-343
在-78℃及氩气氛下,于45分钟内向胺7(200g,0.319mol)的无水四氢呋喃(3L)溶液内加入甲基锂(1.4M乙醚溶液,685ml,0.959mol,购自Aldrich化学有限公司,Milwaukee,Wis.)。移去冷却浴并在3小时内温热反应混合物至室温。将混合物再冷却至-78℃,并用饱和氯化铵溶液(1L)处理。水溶液用乙酸乙酯(2×1L)提取。合并的有机相用盐水(1L)洗涤,硫酸镁干燥并减压蒸发。将残留物分成两份并按下所述进行处理:将残留物溶于乙酸(1.6L)和蒸馏水(0.2L)的混合物中并在氩气流下于90℃加热30分钟,尔后冷却至室温,减压蒸发,得到一残留物,将其用15%碳酸钠水溶液(900ml)碱化。滗析得到粗产物,然后将此粗产物与15%碳酸钠水溶液(300ml)和乙酸乙酯(500ml)的混合物一同搅拌30分钟。分出水相并用乙酸乙酯(500ml)提取。合并的有机相用15%碳酸钠水溶液(300ml)和盐水(500ml)洗涤两次,硫酸镁干燥并减压蒸发,得到一产物,通过硅胶(6L)快速色谱纯化(二氯甲烷∶乙醇;9∶1),得到EM-343(7-羟基-3-(4′-羟基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″-(2-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃)(44g,60%):1H-NMR δ(300MHz:CD3OD),1.46(2H,m,环-N-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2),1.60(4H,m,环-N-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-),2.02(3H,s,CH3-C=C),2.56(4H,m,环-N-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-),2.76(2H,t,J=5Hz,O-CH2-CH2-N),4.06(2H,t,J=5Hz,O-CH2-CH2-N),5.77(1H,s,O-CH-Ph),6.12(1H,d,J=2.5Hz,CH苯基),6.35(1H,dd,J=2.5Hz,8Hz,CH苯基),6.70(2H,d,J=8.5Hz,CH苯基),6.77(2H,d,J=8.5Hz,CH苯基),6.98(2H,d,J=8.5Hz,CH苯基),7.12(1H,d,J=8Hz,CH苯基),7.19(2H,d,J=8.5Hz,CH苯基).13C NMRδ(75Mhz,:CD3OD),160.0,159.3,157.5,154.6,133.2,131.6,130.5,125.8,118.7,116.1,115.2,109.2,104.5,81.5,66.1,58.8,55.8,26.3,24.9,和14.9;IR(CHCl3maxcm-1:3330,1607,1508和1231.质谱:M+457.合成B,EM-343的另一合成法(此合成在下述流程2和3中描述)
上述合成按下所述进行:醛9
该化合物的制备见下面流程2中描述。
将4-羟基苯甲醛5(10.0g,0.0819mol),碳酸钾(22.6g,0.164mol),和1-(2-氯乙基)哌啶8(18.1g,0.123mol)(由100g 1-(2-氯乙基)哌啶一水合物6制备,产率65%)在无水DMF(40ml)中的悬浮液在60℃加热16小时。冷却反应混合物至室温,倾入蒸馏水(200ml)中,并用乙酸乙酯(3×150ml)提取。合并的有机相用饱和碳酸氢钠(2×100ml)和盐水(3×100ml)洗涤,并用硫酸镁干燥。真空蒸馏粗油状物(18g)[文献(Hugues等人,医药化学,7,511,1964);bp 147-148℃(0.05mm)],得到黄色油状物(15.7g,82%),放置后变为橙色。
                         流程3胺7和10的混合物(此制备见上流程3中所述)
利用Dean-Stark装置,在氩气气氛下搅拌回流二-四氢吡喃基醚4(5.00g,0.0121mol),醛9(2.92g,0.0125mol)和哌啶(0.36ml,0.0036mol)的甲苯(120ml)溶液48小时。减压除去溶剂。将粗中间体溶于甲醇(400ml),用乙酸钠(49g,0.60mol)处理,搅拌并回流18小时,然后冷却至室温。减压除去溶剂。混合物用乙酸乙酯(500ml)和蒸馏水(500ml)处理。水相用乙酸乙酯(2×100ml)提取,并将合并的有机相用蒸馏水(2×100ml)洗涤,硫酸镁干燥,并减压蒸发。粗产物用硅胶快速色谱纯化(先用乙酸乙酯,后用乙酸乙酯∶甲醇=9∶1洗脱),得到胺7和10的混合物(6.8g,97%)(mp 78-85℃)。EM-343(此化合物的制备见上流程3中描述)
在-40℃及氩气氛下,5分钟内向胺7和10混合物(73.0g,126mmol)的无水四氢呋喃(1.5L)溶液中加入溴化甲基镁溶液(3.0M乙醚溶液,210mL,630mmol)(略微有沉淀形成)。移去冷却浴并在3小时内将反应混合物温热至室温。将混合物再冷却至-40℃,用饱和氯化铵(1L)和蒸馏水(500ml)处理。水溶液用乙酸乙酯(2×1L)提取。合并的有机相用盐水(1L)洗涤,硫酸镁干燥,并减压蒸发。残留物溶于乙酸(1.05L)和蒸馏水(117mL)的混合物中,并在氩气流中于45分钟内从23℃加热至80℃。然后在室温下冷却混合物并减压蒸发(蒸发至起始体积的1/4),得到残留物,将其用饱和碳酸钠水溶液(550ml)处理(有胶状物形成)。滗析得到粗产物,然后与饱和碳酸钠水溶液(400ml)和乙酸乙酯(600ml)一同搅拌15分钟,至完全溶解为止。分出水相并用乙酸乙酯(500ml)提取。合并的有机相用饱和碳酸钠水溶液(200ml)和盐水(300ml)洗涤两次,硫酸镁干燥,减压蒸发,得到产物,用硅胶快速色谱纯化(二氯甲烷∶乙醇;9∶1),得到EM-343,产率62.5%。
                     实施例2分离(+)-7-羟基-3-(4′-羟基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″-(2-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃(EM-652)
EM-343(209g)的对映体的分离(参见下面流程4)是在室温下用10×50cm Daicel Chiralpark ADTM柱(购自Chiral Technologies,Inc.Extons,P.A.)进行数次。洗脱剂为己烷/乙醇/二乙胺:80/20/0.02(体积比)。最终产物于40℃真空蒸发干燥。室温下,利用Daicel ChiralparkADTM柱(购自Chiral Technologies,Inc Extons,P.A.),通过分析用HPLC检测对映体纯度,UV检测:254nm。洗脱剂为己烷/乙醇/二乙胺:80/20/0.02,流速1.0ml/min.,得到以下顺序洗脱液:馏分1(最先洗脱出的馏分)(+)-7-羟基-3-(4′-羟基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″(2-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃(EM-652)(92g,99.4%ee)。1HNMR δ(300MHz:DM5O-d6),1.33(2H,m,cyclo-N-CH2-CH2-CH2CH2-CH2),1.44(4H,m,环-N-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-),2.00(3H,s,CH3-C=C),2.35(4H,m,环-N-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-),2.56(2H,t,J=5.8Hz,O-CH2-CH2-N),3.94(2H,t,J=5.8Hz,O-CH2-CH2-N),5.87(1H,s,O-CH-Ph),6.06(1H,d,J=2.4Hz,CH苯基),6.31(1H,dd,J=2.4Hz and8.5Hz,CH苯基),6.69(2H,d,J=8.3Hz,CH苯基),6.77(2H,d,J=8.6Hz,CH苯基),7.04(2H,d,J=8.5Hz,CH苯基),7.09(1H,d,J=8.5Hz,CH苯基),7.17(2H,d,J=8.6Hz,CH苯基);13C NMR δ(75MHz,DMSO-d6),158.4,158.1,156.3,152.5,131.0,1303,129.3,128.9,128.2,124.8,124.4,116.6,115.0,114.3,108.1,103.1,78.7,65.4,57.3,54.4,30.6,25.5和23.9;IR(CHCl3max cm-1:3372,1609,1508和1238;[α]D 28+129°(c=1.46 THF).馏分2(-)-7-羟基-3-(4′-羟基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″-(2-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃(EM-651)(96g,98.4%ee)[α]D 26-127°(c 1.08,THF).
                       流程4
Figure A9619323900291
外消旋EM-343
                      实施例3化学拆分分离EM-343的对映体
向EM-343(918mg,2.00mmol)的甲醇(5ml)溶液内加入(1S)-(+)-10-樟脑磺酸(466mg,2.00mmol)的甲醇(20mL)溶液。所得溶液在室温下放置一天,然后于-20℃下放置两天。不时刮擦以助结晶。滤出结晶,用最少量甲醇洗涤,干燥并测定旋光率([α]D 25+41°,甲醇),得到507mg盐。如果需要的话,将结晶用最少量热甲醇在与上述相同的条件下重结晶一次或两次,得到100mg盐([α]D 25+99°,甲醇)。母液另外给出129mg盐([α]D 25+115°)。
                       实施例4合成(+)-7-新戊酰氧基-3-(4′-新戊酰氧基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″-(2-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃(EM-800)
                        流程5
Figure A9619323900292
上述合成按下所述进行:
0℃及氩气氛下,将EM-652(按流程4制得)((+)-7-羟基-3-(4′-羟基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″-(2-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃)(30.8g,67.3mmol)和三乙胺(23.3ml,0.168mol)在二氯甲烷(685ml)中的溶液用三甲基乙酰氯(18.1ml,0.147mol,购自Aldrich化学有限公司,Milwaukee,Wis.)处理。移去冷却浴并在2小时内将反应混合物温热至室温。混合物用饱和碳酸氢钠(1L)处理。水溶液用二氯甲烷(2×1L)提取。合并的有机相用硫酸镁干燥并减压蒸发,得到产物,将其通过硅胶(3L)快速色谱纯化(乙酸乙酯∶己烷 1∶1至乙酸乙酯),重结晶(异丙醇2.5L)后,得到EM-800(37.6g,79%)。m.p.167-169℃,[α]D 25+87.0°(c=1.0,CH2Cl2);1H NMR δ(300 MHz:CDCl3):1.31和1.34(18H,2s,t-Bu),1.42(2H,m,环-N-(CH2)2-CH2-(CH2)2-),1.58(4H,m,环-N-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-),2.07(3H,s,CH3),2.47(4H,t def,环-N-CH2-(CH2)3-CH2-),2.72(2H,t,J=6.0Hz,-N-CH2-CH2-O-),4.03(2H,t,J=6.0Hz,-N-CH2-CH2-O-),5.85(1H,s,OCH),6.48(1H,d,J=2.3Hz,CH苯基),6.64(1H,dd,J=2.2,8.2Hz,CH苯基),6.75(2H,d,J=8.6Hz,CH苯基),6.99(2H,d,J=8.4Hz,CH苯基),7.14(2H,d,J=8.6Hz,CH苯基),7.20(2H,d,J=8.6Hz,CH苯基),7.28(1H,d,J=8.2Hz,CH苯基);13CNMR δ(75 MHz:CDCl3):177.0,176.7,159.0,152.8,151.6,150.1,136.0,130.8,130.7,130.2,129.3,125.8,124.3,122.1,121.3,114.5,113.9,109.9,80.1,77.2,65.9,57.9,55.0,39.1,27.1,26.0,24.2,14.7;IR(CHCl3max cm-1:2938,1746,1608,1508,1125;元素分析C39H47NO6
计算值:C,74.85;H,7.57;N,2.24;
实测值:C,74.67;H,7.58;N,2.34。
                  实施例5合成7-新戊酰氧基-3-(4′-新戊酰氧基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″-(2-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃(EM-762)
该合成步骤与实施例4中所述的EM-800的合成相同,只是用EM-343的外消旋体代替EM-652代表的光学纯旋光体。
                    实施例6合成7-新戊酰氧基-3-(4′-新戊酰氧基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″-(2-吡咯烷子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃(EM-810)
该合成步骤与实施例1和5中所述的EM-762的合成相同,只是用1-(2-氯乙基)吡咯烷一盐酸盐代替化合物6。
                   实施例7合成(+)-7-酰氧基-3-(4′-酰氧基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″-(2-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃
该合成步骤与实施例4中所述的EM-800的合成相同,只是用不同的酰卤(根据所需产物的7和4′-取代基选择)代替三甲基乙酰氯。
                   实施例8EM-661转换成EM-652。(转换前药成其活性形式(即在体内形成的形式)的实施例,并且对于所需的手性碳2的绝对构型的本征旋光性(+),可以随后用如旋光仪测试活性体)。
-78℃及氩气气氛下,向EM-661(22.5mg,0.034mmol)的无水THF(1.0ml)溶液内加入1.5M甲基锂的乙醚溶液(0.155ml,0.24mmol),并搅拌混合物40分钟。然后用饱和氯化铵(2ml)处理反应混合物,温热至室温并用水(2ml)和乙酸乙酯(5ml)处理。水相用乙酸乙酯(2×5ml)提取,并将合并的有机相用盐水洗涤,干燥,过滤并蒸发至干。残留物用硅胶层析,使用乙醇和二氯甲烷(0∶100至1∶9)的混合物作为洗脱剂,得到EM-652(15.5mg),产率100%。以类似方式,可以转换其它羧酸酯前药。
                   实施例9制备EM-343的单新戊酸酯。
这些化合物的制备见流程6和7中描述。EM-343的单新戊酸酯的混合物
-78℃及氩气氛下,将EM-343(按流程1制得)(7-羟基-3-(4′-羟基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″-(2-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃)(114.4mg,0.25mmol)和三乙胺(43.6μl,0.313mmol)在二氯甲烷(3.0ml)中的悬浮液用三甲基乙酰氯(33.9μl,0.275mmol,购自Aldrich化学有限公司,Milwaukee,Wis)处理20分钟。然后移去冷却浴,并在90分钟内温热反应混合物至室温。混合物用饱和碳酸氢钠(5ml)和二氯甲烷(10ml)处理。有机相用饱和碳酸氢钠(5ml)洗涤。水溶液用乙酸乙酯(10ml)提取。合并的有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液(10ml)洗涤,硫酸镁干燥并减压蒸发,得到一残留物,将其通过硅胶快速色谱纯化(二氯甲烷至70%甲醇/二氯甲烷),得到52mg(34%产率)化合物11和12的混合物。甲硅烷基化EM-343的单新戊酸酯的混合物
氩气氛下,室温搅拌化合物11和12的混合物(50.2mg,0.093mmol),咪唑(7.6mg,0.11mmol)和氯化叔丁基二甲基硅(15.4mg,0.102mmol,购自Aldrich化学有限公司,Milwaukee,Wis.)在无水DMF(1.0ml)中的溶液。在3小时及20小时后,加入咪唑(22.9mg)和氯化叔丁基二甲基硅(46.2mg)。24小时后,用蒸馏水(10ml)和乙酸乙酯(10ml)处理混合物。水溶液用乙酸乙酯(5ml)提取。合并的有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤(3×5ml),硫酸镁干燥并减压蒸发,得到的残留物用硅胶快速色谱纯化(二氯甲烷至3%甲醇/二氯甲烷),得到化合物13和14的混合物(50mg,82%产率)。采用C-18NOVA-PAK柱6μm,60A(40×100mm,购自Watters,Mississauga,Ont.Canada)和UV检测器(214nm),通过制备HPLC分离此混合物。洗脱剂为(90∶10)溶液A(10mM乙酸铵的甲醇溶液)和溶液B(10mM乙酸铵水溶液)的混合物,流速为13.0mL/min.。蒸除溶剂后,第一洗脱峰为化合物14,第二峰为化合物13。
                      流程7
Figure A9619323900331
EM-829(此化合物的制备见上面流程7中所述)
将化合物14(8.4mg)在10%HCl/THF(1ml)中的溶液搅拌4小时,并将混合物用10%碳酸钠溶液(4ml)和乙酸乙酯(4ml)处理。水溶液用乙酸乙酯(4ml)提取。合并的有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液(4ml)洗涤,硫酸镁干燥并减压蒸发,得到的残留物通过硅胶快速色谱纯化(洗脱剂为二氯甲烷至50%甲醇/二氯甲烷),得到EM-829(7-羟基-3-(4′-新戊酰氧基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″-(2-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃)(2.7mg)。1H NMR δ(300MHz:CD3OD):1.32(9H,s,t-Bu),1.47(2H,m,环-N-(CH2)2-CH2-(CH2)2-),1.61(4H,m,环-N-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-),2.05(3H,s,CH3),2.54(4H,t def,环-N-CH2-(CH2)3-CH2-),2.75(2H,dd,J=5.5和5.7Hz,-N-CH2-CH2-O-),4.06(2H,dd,l=5.5和5.7Hz,-N-CH2-CH2-O-),5.82(1H,s,OCH),6.13(1H,d,J=2.5Hz,CH苯基),6.36(1H,dd,J=2.5和8.5Hz,CH苯基),6.78(2H,d,J=8.6Hz,CH,苯基),6.98(2H,d,J=8.5Hz,CH苯基),7.18(5H,m,CH苯基)。EM-830
以类似方式,由化合物13制得EM-830(7-新戊酰氧基-3-(4′-羟基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″-(2-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃)(3mg)。1H NMR δ(300MHz:CD3OD):1.30(9H,s,t-Bu),1.47(2H,m,环-N-(CH2)2-CH2-(CH2)2-),1.61(4H,m,
环-N-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-),2.08(3H,d,J=0.8Hz,CH3),2.54(4H,m,环-N-CH2-(CH2)3-CH2-),2.75(2H,t,J=5.6Hz,-N-CH2-CH2-O-),4.06(2H,t,J=5.6Hz,-N-CH2-CH2-O-),5.87(1H,s,OCH),6.37(1H,d,J=2.1Hz,CH苯基),6.61(1H,dd,J=2.5和8.5Hz,CH苯基),6.72(2H,d,J=8.6Hz,CH苯基),6.78(2H,d,J=8.8 Hz,CH苯基),7.02(2H,d,J=8.6Hz,CH苯基),7.21(2H,d,J=8.6Hz,CH苯基),7.32(1H,d,J=8.3Hz,CH苯基)。
                     实施例10合成7-乙氧基羰氧基-3-(4′-乙氧羰基氧基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″-(2-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃(CS 119)
按照已知方法(F.Reber和T.Reichstein,《杂环化学学报》(Helv.Chim.Acta),28,1164,1945),在30分钟内向搅拌的EM-343(250mg,0.55mmol)在二氯甲烷(5ml)和吡啶(130μl)的溶液中滴加120μl氯甲酸乙酯。搅拌24小时后,再加入氯甲酸乙酯(120μl)和吡啶(130μl)以完成反应,然后将反应混合物用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤并用二氯甲烷提取。有机相用盐水洗涤,干燥,蒸发至干。残留物经硅胶柱色谱纯化,使用二氯甲烷∶乙醇(9.75∶0.25)混合物为洗脱剂。
                    实施例11合成7-甲磺酰氧基-3-(4′-甲磺酰氧基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″-(2-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃(CS 120)
此合成步骤与实施例4中所述的EM-800的合成相同,只是用甲磺酰氯代替三甲基乙酰氯并用外消旋EM-343代替旋光的EM-652。
                    实施例12合成7-羟基-3-(4′-乙氧基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″-(2-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃
此化合物的合成与实施例1中所述的步骤相似,只是使用4-乙氧基苯乙酸(购自Aldrich化学有限公司,Milwaukee,Wis)代替酸2。
                    实施例13优选的抗雌激素剂化合物的盐的合成实施例
按照下述方法合成具有下述结构的化合物:
参照下述图表,将游离胺(leq)和酸(leq)在指定溶剂中的溶液室温搅拌过夜。蒸发反应混合物并重结晶,得到所需盐。
  盐 游离胺(用量,mg) R′1 溶剂 胺的浓度(mmol/L)  重结晶溶剂   产率(%)
EM-769   EM-661(99.9)   A   b 丙酮∶二氯甲烷(1∶1)    0.050    -   100
EM-767   EM-661(33.3)   B   b 丙酮∶二氯甲烷(1∶1)    0.050    -   100
EM-778   EM-661(33,3)   C   b 丙酮∶二氯甲烷(1∶1)    0.050    -   100
EM-792   EM-800(150)   B   c   丙酮    0.034 乙酸乙酯    33
EM-793   EM-800(150)   C   c   丙酮    0.050 异丙醇    27
CS-143   EM-652(150)   C   a   丙酮    0.050 乙醇    66
EM-796   EM-652(150)   B   a   丙酮    0.050    -   100
A  (1R)-(-)-10-樟脑磺酸B  L-酒石酸C  (1S)-(+)-10-樟脑磺酸a  Hb  C6H6COc  t-BuCO
                     实施例14合成(+)-7-羟基-3-(4′-羟基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″-(2-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃-4′,7-硫酸酯钠盐
室温、氩气氛下,向三氧化硫的吡啶溶液(由0.4ml SO3和20ml吡啶在-20℃混合制得)中加入EM-652(1.9g,4mmol)的吡啶(10ml)溶液。搅拌混合物7小时,然后加入水(0.8ml)和甲醇(45ml)。加入甲醇钠的甲醇溶液,使pH达到10.5,然后再搅拌反应混合物7小时,用HCl/甲醇溶液中和,过滤并于55℃蒸发。残留物溶于吡啶中,加醚沉淀,得到EM-652的硫酸酯钠衍生物。
                     实施例15合成(+)-7-羟基-3-(4′-羟基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″-(2-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃-4′,7-二(氨基磺酸酯)(disulphamate)
0℃下,将氢化钠(9mmol,60%分散体)和氨磺酰氯(1g,9mmol)加到搅拌的EM-652(1.9g,4mmol)的无水DMF溶液内。温热反应混合物至室温,然后搅拌24小时。随后将反应混合物倾入到饱和碳酸氢钠冷溶液中并用乙酸乙酯提取化合物。干燥合并的有机提取液,过滤并蒸发至干。残留物进一步通过硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用己烷,乙酸乙酯和甲醇混合物为洗脱剂。
                     实施例16合成(+)-7-羟基-3-(4′-羟基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″-(2-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃-4′,7-二(甲基膦酸酯),钠盐
0℃、氩气气氛下,向搅拌着的EM-652(1.9g,4mmol)的无水吡啶(10ml)溶液中滴加入甲膦酰二氯(1.2g,9mmol)(购自Aldrich化学有限公司,Milwaukee,Wis.)的无水吡啶(20ml)溶液。温热反应混合物至室温并继续搅拌24小时。然后将混合物冷却至0℃,滴加水(10ml)。将反应混合物温热至室温并续搅拌12小时。加入氢氧化钠的甲醇溶液,使pH达到10.5,然后搅拌混合物7小时,用HCl/甲醇溶液中和,在55℃蒸发。残留物溶于吡啶中并用醚沉淀,得到EM-652的膦酸酯钠衍生物。
                实施例17合成(+)-7-羟基-3-(4′-羟基苯基)-4-甲基-2-(4″-(2-哌啶子基乙氧基)苯基)-2H-苯并吡喃-4′,7-二(甲硫基膦酸酯),钠盐
0℃、氩气气氛下,向搅拌着的EM-652(1.9g,4mmol)的无水吡啶(10ml)溶液中滴加入甲硫代膦酰二氯(0.94ml)(购自CN生化有限公司,High Wycombe,Bucks,U.K.)的无水吡啶(20ml)溶液。温热反应混合物至室温并继续搅拌24小时。然后将混合物冷却至0℃,滴加水(10ml)。将反应混合物温热至室温并继续搅拌12小时。加入氢氧化钠的甲醇溶液,使pH达到10.5,然后搅拌混合物7小时,用HCl/甲醇溶液中和,在55℃蒸发。残留物溶于吡啶中并用醚沉淀,得到EM-652的硫代膦酸酯钠衍生物。
本发明范围内的其它化合物可用类似实施例1-17中所述的方法合成,并可用本领域公知的技术改变实施例1-17,产生本发明范围内的其它化合物。
下面通过实施例但非限制性的方式说明使用优选活性化合物EM-800的数种药物组合物。可以使用本发明的其它化合物或它们的组合来代替(或加入到)EM-800(中)。各组分的浓度和本体可在本领域公知的较宽范围内变化。
            实施例18
 适合注射用的组合物
      组分     重量%(按组合物总重量计)
EM-800     0.4
乙醇     6.4
NaCl     0.8
    91.5
苄醇     0.9
         实施例19
    适于用作局部洗液的组合物
    组分     重量%(按组合物总重量计)
EM-800     10
乙醇     70.0
丙二醇     29.0
           实施例20
     适于用作局部凝胶剂的组合物
    组分     重量%(按组合物总重量计)
EM-800     1.0
Kucel     1.5
乙醇     70.0
丙二醇     27.5
           实施例21
             片剂
 组分     重量%(按组合物总重量计)
EM-800     1.0
明胶     5.0
乳糖     67.5
淀粉     26.5
           实施例22
           明胶胶囊
    组分     重量%(按组合物总重量计)
EM-800     2.0
水合乳糖     80.0
淀粉     4.8
微晶纤维素     12.8
硬脂酸镁     0.4
               实施例23
       适于用作局部凝胶剂的组合物
    组分     重量%(按组合物总重量计)
EM-800     10
乙醇     4.0
聚乙二醇     4.0
明胶     1.0
NaCl     0.9
苄醇     1.0
水USP     88.1
优选抑制剂的效力
采用ZR-75-1人乳腺癌细胞系测定本发明一些优选化合物的抗雌激素活性,更详细的描述如下。原种细胞培养物的维持
ZR-75-1细胞(第83传代)由美国典型培养物保藏中心(AmericanType Culrure Collection)(Rockville,MD)得到,并且通常是在95%空气,5%CO2湿润气氛及37℃下在补加有下述组分的酚红游离PRMI1640中培养:1nM雌二醇(“E2”),2mM L-谷氨酰胺,1mM丙酮酸钠,15mMN-2-羟基乙基哌嗪-N′-2-乙磺酸,100 IU青霉素/ml,100μg链霉素/ml,和10%(v/v)胎牛血清(Hyclone,Logan,UT)。所有培养基和培养基补加物均购自Sigma。通过用含有EDTA(0.2g/L)的胰溶液处理,每周传代培养细胞。用于本发明所述试验的细胞培养物介于89和94传代之间。细胞增殖的测定
将处于对数生长期的细胞收获,简短离心,再悬浮在RPMI 1640中。然后将细胞分成三份平板接种在LIMBRO 24-孔塑料培养板(2cm2/孔)上。因为平板接种密度会影响激素对ZR-75-1细胞生长的作用,因此以1×104细胞/孔平板接种细胞。72小时后,培养基用相同组合物的新鲜培养基替换,只是含有如X-轴上所标明的递增浓度抑制剂(如在附图1中为EM-343(外消旋混合物)和EM-652;在附图2中为EM-612,EM-658,和EM-661;以及在附图3中为EM-762,EM-800,和EM-776)。对照培养物仅接受乙醇载体。然后使细胞在37℃生长10天,其中每两天更换(相同组合物)培养基。在无抑制剂情况下,在含0.1nM雌二醇(E2)培养基中,ZR-75-1细胞具有大约48小时倍增时间。
在E2和/或抗雌激素剂处理后,加入0.5ml胰溶液(Sigma)在37℃处理5-10分钟收获细胞,然后加入0.5ml含5%葡聚糖包被炭-胎牛血清的PRMI 1640以阻断酶促作用。如以前文献所述(Simard等人,《内分泌学》(Endocrinology),126:3223-3231,1990),通过测量DNA含量测定细胞数(0.10ml等份液)。计算IC50值(减少50%雌二醇刺激细胞生长增强所需的抗雌激素剂的浓度)并在这里报道。因此,抗雌激素剂的活性越高,则其IC50值就越低。正如从附图1中可看到的那样,与外消旋体EM-343相比,EM-343的右旋对映体即EM-652对人ZR-75-1乳腺癌细胞的生长具有更强的效力,并且EM-652的IC50值比EM-343低两倍(分别为2.4×10-10M和1.1×10-10M)。
正如从附图2中可看到的那样,与外消旋体EM-612相比,右旋对映体EM661对人ZR-75-1乳腺癌细胞的生长也具有更强的效力。而左旋对映体EM-658则仅具有较弱的效力,EM-658的IC50高69倍多。在附图3中,右旋对映体EM-800的活性也高于外消旋体EM-762,而左旋对映体EM-776则仅具有很弱的效力。
通过测定受试化合物对卵巢摘除后5天处死的卵巢摘除的成年雌性Balb/C小鼠(体重19-20g)子宫重量的雌二醇诱导刺激的抑制能力,测定优选的抗雌激素剂的体内抗雌激素活性。溶在乙醇中的优选抗雌激素剂配制成含氯化钠(9g/L),明胶(10g/L),4%(v/v)乙醇和4%聚乙二醇(PEG600)的溶液形式,其中优选的抗雌激素剂具有指定的浓度,对适当数组小鼠口服施用这种溶液。从卵巢摘除后的第3天至第11天每天一次施用0.2ml剂量上述制剂。从卵巢摘除后的第6天起每天两次注射0.06μg/0.2ml剂量雌酮,共注射12次。处死后,迅速取出子宫,剥离脂肪和缔结组织并称重。
如附图4中所示,EM-343(外消旋形式),其右旋对映体EM-652和左旋对映体EM-651的抗雌激素活性以每组9-10只小鼠的数组试验的平均值±SEM报道。与外消旋EM-343相比,EM-652降低雌二醇诱导的子宫重量增加的活性要高两倍数量级,而左旋对映体EM-651则仅具有很弱的活性。
如附图5中所示,EM-762(外消旋形式),其右旋对映体EM-800和左旋对映体EM-776的抗雌激素活性以每组9-10只小鼠的数组试验的平均值±SEM报道。与外消旋EM-762相比,EM-800具有更高的降低雌二醇诱导的子宫重量增加的活性,而左旋对映体EM-776则仅具有很弱的活性。
其它的活性数据见下表1和2中显示。采用前述技术测试各化合物并报道其百分抑制率。
                             表1
Figure A9619323900431
化合物名称     R′1   R3,R4 [α]D(温度,浓度,%溶剂) 对小鼠子宫的%抑制(7.5nmol,per os,i.d.)
    EM-612     C6H5CO   -(CH2)5-     dl     62.0±6.3
    EM-611   o-MeOΦCO   -(CH2)5-     dl     71.8±8.2
    EM-617   o-C1ΦCO   -(CH2)5-     dl     63.5±5.2
    EM-618   p-ClΦCO   -(CH2)5-     dl     74.9±6.1
    EM-622   o-AdOΦCO   -(CH2)5-     dl     66.6±6.6
    EM-626   p-MeOΦCO   -(CH2)5-     dl     65.5±4.3
    EM-628   m-MeOΦCO   -(CH2)5-     dl     81.3±7.9
    EM-753   R-樟脑磺酸酯   -(CH2)5-     n/a     6.5±0.3
    EM-757   p-NO2ΦCO   -(CH2)5-     dl     60.8±2.2
    EM-758   p-CNΦCO   -(CH2)5-     dl     65.5±4.9
    EM-762   t-BuCO   -(CH2)5-     d1     63.5±3.7
    EM-773   CH3CO   -(CH2)5-     dl     n/a
    EM-770   C2H5SO2   -(CH2)5-     d1     1.05±0.04
    EM-771     i-C3H7CO   -(CH2)5-     dl     61.8±2.4
    EM-772     (CH3)2NCO   -(CH2)5-     dl     55.1±2.4
    EM-652     H   -(CH2)5-     +129°(28,1.46,THF)     68.1±6.5
    EM-651     H   -(CH2)5-     -127°(26,1.08,THF)     0
    EM-658     C6H5CO   -(CH2)5-     -82°     0
    EM-661     C6H5CO   -(CH2)5-     +81°(25,0.14,CHCl3)     38.7±25
    CS-119     C2H5OCO   -(CH2)5-     dl     60.7±6.3
    CS-120     CH3SO2   -(CH2)5-     dl     1.9±0.1
    CS-121     CH3OCO   -(CH2)5-     dl     58.4±4.3
    CS-122     C2H5SCO   -(CH2)5-     dl     71.5±3.5
    EM-800     t-BuCO   -(CH2)5-     +87°(25,1.0,CH2Cl2)     81.1±7.4
    EM-776     t-BuCO   -(CH2)5-      -93°(26,1.0,CH2Cl2)     4.5±0.3
    EM-775     CF3ΦCO   -(CH2)5-     dl     73.1±5.1
    EM-801     cyclo C(CH3)-C2H4CO   -(CH2)5-     -
    EM-810     t-BuCO   -(CH2)4-     -
                           表2
Figure A9619323900451
其中“A-”表示酸AH的相应阴离子
 化合物名称    R′1     AH     [α]D(温度,浓度%,溶剂) 对小鼠子宫的%抑制(7.5nmol,peros,i.d.)
 EM-767   C6H5CO   L-酒石酸     +76°(26,0.21,THF)     61.9±1.2
 EM-769   C6H5CO   R-樟脑磺酸     +57.8°(26,0.8,CH2Cl2)     78 6±3.2
 EM-778   C6H5CO   S-樟脑磺酸     +92°(26,0.48,THF)     73.1±6.7
 EM-792   t-BuCO   L-酒石酸     +89°(26,1.0,THF)     63.6±1.6
 EM-793   t-BuCO   R-樟脑磺酸     +88°(26,1.17,THF)     77.2±4.1
 EM-796     H   L-酒石酸      -     75.8±6.5
 CS-143     H   S-樟脑磺酸     +120°(26,1.0,THF) -
这里所用的术语和说明仅用来说明优选方案,不能认为是对本领域技术人员在实施如权利要求所限定的本发明时所认识到的众多改进变化的限制。

Claims (12)

1.化合物或其可药用盐(含有或不含稀释剂或载体),所述化合物具有下述分子结构:
Figure A9619323900021
其中R1和R2独立地选自羟基和在体内能转化成羟基的基团;
其中R3为-CH2-或-CH2CH2-;和
其中所述化合物或盐包括大于50%(重量比,按全部立体异构体计)这样的立体异构体,即它们在其编号2的手性碳原子上具有与EM-652中编号2的手性碳原子相同的绝对构型。
2.权利要求1的旋光化合物,选自:
Figure A9619323900022
或任一上述化合物的可药用盐。
3.权利要求1的旋光化合物,其具有下述分子结构:或其可药用盐。
4.化合物或其可药用的其它盐(含有或不含稀释剂或载体),所述化合物具有下述分子结构:
Figure A9619323900033
其中A-为可药用酸的阴离子;
其中R1和R2独立地选自羟基和在体内能转化成羟基的基团;和
其中R3为-CH2-或-CH2CH2-。
5.权利要求4的化合物或其它盐,其中所述化合物或盐为旋光性的并包括大于50%(重量比,按全部立体异构体计)这样的立体异构体,即它们在其编号2的手性碳原子上具有与EM-652中编号2的手性碳原子相同的绝对构型。
6.权利要求5的旋光化合物,其中所述化合物选自:
Figure A9619323900041
7.化合物或其可药用盐(含有或不含稀释剂或载体),所述化合物具有下述分子结构:
Figure A9619323900051
其中R3为-CH2-或-CH2CH2-;以及其中R1和R2独立地选自羟基,酰氧基,
(R4为烷基,链烯基,炔基,或芳基;R7为氨基,烷基氨基,氨基烷基,或alkylsulfanyl);
并且其中R1或R2中至少一个不为羟基。
8.权利要求7的化合物或盐,其中R1或R2中至少一个为位阻脂族酰氧基。
9.权利要求7的化合物或盐,其中所述化合物选自:
Figure A9619323900053
Figure A9619323900071
和任一上述化合物的可药用盐。
10.权利要求7的化合物或盐,其中R1或R2中至少一个为新戊酰氧基。
11.治疗雌激素敏感疾病的方法,包括对需要这种治疗的患者施用治疗有效量权利要求1至10中任一权项的化合物或盐以及载体稀释剂或不施用载体稀释剂。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中所述雌激素敏感疾病为乳腺癌或子宫内膜癌。
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CN102939287A (zh) * 2010-06-10 2013-02-20 亚拉冈制药公司 雌激素受体调节剂及其用途
CN107406433A (zh) * 2014-12-18 2017-11-28 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 用于治疗癌症的2,3‑二苯基色烯的衍生物

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CN102939287A (zh) * 2010-06-10 2013-02-20 亚拉冈制药公司 雌激素受体调节剂及其用途
CN102939287B (zh) * 2010-06-10 2016-01-27 塞拉根制药公司 雌激素受体调节剂及其用途
CN107406433A (zh) * 2014-12-18 2017-11-28 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 用于治疗癌症的2,3‑二苯基色烯的衍生物

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