JP5558358B2 - メタボリック症候群用のtrans−クロミフェン - Google Patents
メタボリック症候群用のtrans−クロミフェン Download PDFInfo
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- JP5558358B2 JP5558358B2 JP2010530005A JP2010530005A JP5558358B2 JP 5558358 B2 JP5558358 B2 JP 5558358B2 JP 2010530005 A JP2010530005 A JP 2010530005A JP 2010530005 A JP2010530005 A JP 2010530005A JP 5558358 B2 JP5558358 B2 JP 5558358B2
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- clomiphene
- testosterone
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- trans
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Description
本出願は、2007年10月16日に出願された米国特許仮出願第60/980,334号の利益を請求するものであり、その内容は参照により本明細書中に組み込まれる。
成体雄ヒヒに、1.5mg/kgのクロミッド(クエン酸クロミフェン)、エンクロミッド(trans−クロミフェン)、又はズクロミッド(cis−クロミフェン)を12日間連続して与えた。分析した試料は、試験物質を投与する前の初回治療日(0日目)、治療の12日後(12日目)、及び最後に治療した7日後(終点又はウォッシュアウト)に採取した血清であった。
エンクロミッドを受容した群では、総血清テストステロンの有意な増加があった。表1を参照されたい。基線期間又は0日目では、群中に差異はなかった。治療の7日後(ウォッシュアウト期間)でも、3群中に差異はなかった。しかしながら、エンクロミッドは、6日目のクロミッド及びズクロミッドと比較して(それぞれ、p=0.03及びp=0.00002)、及び12日目のズクロミッドと比較して(p=0.047)、より高いレベルのテストステロンをもたらした。ズクロミッドは、いかなる程度にも総血清テストステロンを明確には上昇させなかった。エンクロミッドを受容した動物と比較して、クロミッドを受容した動物は、6日目及びその後、それらの変動係数から判断してよりばらついたテストステロン値を示した。本発明者らは、この効果の時間的経過を見て(図3)、エンクロミッドだけが、基線又は0日目の値のいずれかと比較して、6日目及び12日目の総血清テストステロンを有意に及び統計学的に上昇させたと断定した。更に、エンクロミッド治療の休止は、その結果として12日目から18日目(ウォッシュアウト)の間の総血清テストステロン値の有意な低下をもたらした。これは、エンクロミッドが血行から直ちに除去され、ヒトにおいてエンクロミッドに見られる代謝クリアランスと一致することを示す。エンクロミッドはクロミッド自体より明らかに良好で、より一貫しており、ズクロミッドは効果がなかった。
エンクロミッドによる治療は、血清コレステロールを減少させる傾向があり、ズクロミッドは、同じパラメーターを増加させる傾向があった。予備分析により、コレステロール値の変化が統計学的に有意ではなく、この変化が正常範囲内にあったことが示された。短期間のコレステロール値に対する正反対の効果を実証するために2つの異性体について観察された傾向により、更なる分析を実施した。
各パラメーターの平均値は、ANOVA又はクラスカルワリス検定によって決定されたように、研究の初めではどの試験パラメーターについても3群中で差異はなかった。全ての群は、以下を除く各パラメーターで正常値を示した:(1)治験の全体にわたって9匹のヒヒ全てについて低かった血清ナトリウム;関連計算パラメーター、アニオンギャップ;(2)血清グルコース;及び(3)エンクロミッドにより治療される予定の群で0日目に高かったBUN。治療の12日目及び治療の7日後(ウォッシュアウト)においては、クロミッド及びズクロミッド群がエンクロミッド群より低い値を有していたことを示したアニオンギャップ以外の任意のパラメーターは、群中に差異はなかった。血清ナトリウム及びアニオンギャップの値は、この群のヒヒに関連した異常であると考えられる。
男性対象には、血液試料を男性対象から採取した後8〜12時間続く終夜絶食を行わせ、空腹時血糖値を測定した。
男性対象のインスリン感受性を、例えば、Defronzoet al., Am. J. Physiol. 237:E214-E223 (1979)に記述されているようなインスリン抵抗性グルコースクランプ(hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp)、及び/又はMatthews et al., Diabetologia. 28:412-419 (1985)に記述されているようなインスリン抵抗性の恒常性モデル評価(homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance、HOMA−IR)を使用して評価した。
プラセボ対照負荷試験を、Advanced Biological Research(ABR)社のハッケンサック臨床研究センター(Clinical Research Center in Hackensack)、ニュージャージー州で実施し、経口投与したAndroxal(登録商標)(Tran−クロミフェン)とAndrogel(登録商標)とを、性機能低下症の男性において比較した。Androgel(登録商標)(Solvay Pharmaceuticals社)は、経皮マトリックスに外来性テストステロンを投与するクリームから構成される。
全用量のAndroxal(登録商標)又はAndrogel(登録商標)は、統計学的に有意な、基線テストステロン値からのテストステロンの変化をもたらした(図5)。低、中程度、及び高用量のAndroxal(登録商標)は、それぞれ169、247、及び294ng/dlの平均増加を達成した一方で、Androgel(登録商標)5G、最低承認用量、及びAndrogel(登録商標)10G、最高承認用量の平均増加は、基線からの変化をもたらし、それらは212及び363ng/dlだった。これらの値は、Androxal(登録商標)で達成されたそれらの変化と統計学的に区別不能だった。Androxal(登録商標)とAndrogel(登録商標)と間の差異を示すことができないのは、Androgel(登録商標)を使用する際に見出される結果の大きなばらつきに起因すると考えられる。例えば、50mg用量のAndroxal(登録商標)は、15日後に平均総テストステロンを589±172ng/dlに上昇させ、変動係数(CV)は29%であり、プラセボ群(36%)に類似していた他方では、Androgel(登録商標)5G及び10Gは、それぞれ、473±289ng/dl及び608±323ng/dlの平均総テストステロン値、61%及び53%のCVをもたらした。
Androxal(登録商標)による治療は、性機能低下症の男性対象におけるLH血清値の統計学的に有意な増加をもたらした(図6)。総血清テストステロンの場合のように、3種類の用量のAndroxal(登録商標)の場合は総血清テストステロン値が高いままだった追跡期間中(つまり、連日経口治療中止後の7〜10日間)、血清LHの値が継続したのは予想外だった。それに比べると、Androgel(登録商標)による治療は、最初にLHを減少させ、中止後は治療前の値へと向かう揺れ戻しが明白であった。
血清ジヒドロキシテストステロン(DHT)値に対する効果も測定した。Androxal(登録商標)を投与された男性は、自身のDHTが総テストステロンへと移行する好ましい経験した。例えば、50mg用量のAndroxal(登録商標)を投与された男性は、1.07のプラセボ群比率と比較して、0.83のDHT/TT比率を経験した。対照的に、Androgel(登録商標)群のいずれの場合も、DHT/TT比率は、>1.5だった。これらの結果は、Androgel(登録商標)を投与された男性は、総テストステロンより迅速にDHTを獲得していたことを示す。従って、DHTの正常値は、Androgel(登録商標)治療を受けた男性のテストステロンに比べて混乱した。
本研究に基づいて、本発明者らは、潜在的な治療としてのAndroxal(登録商標)に関する多数の潜在的な利点を推論する。Androxal(登録商標)は、異常に高いスパイクが血清テストステロンに見られない高度に一貫した様式で、総テストステロンを正常範囲へと上昇させると考えられる。加えて、二次性性腺機能低下症を罹患している男性の治療にtrans−クロミフェンを使用することにより、Androgel(登録商標)等の外来性治療の主な副作用のうちの1つを潜在的に相殺することができる新しい手法が提供される。外来性治療は、負のフィードバックを提供し、それによってFSH及びLH産生を遮断する。FSHは、必須生殖ホルモンであり、男性において精子形成を刺激する。精巣容積は精細管内の精子形成の値と関連するため、外来性テストステロンへの長期曝露は、FSH産生に対するその効果の結果として、精子数低下及び従ってその結果生じる精巣の収縮による一過性不妊症の可能性に結びつく。FSH値の増加は、Androxal(登録商標)を使用して、性機能低下症男性を含む、男性の不妊症を治療することができることも示す。更に、血清テストステロン、FSH、及びLH値に対するAndroxal(登録商標)の効果が長期的であることにより、Androxal(登録商標)は、用量又はスケジュールを変化させて投与することができ、おそらくは連日ではない治療又は間欠的な治療さえ可能になることが示される。
プラセボ対照研究を実施して、経口で投与されたAndroxal(登録商標)(trans−クロミフェン)及びAndrogel(登録商標)の、血糖値に対する効果を決定した。Androgel(登録商標)(Solvay Pharmaceuticals社)は、経皮マトリックスに外来性テストステロンを投与するクリームから構成される。
Claims (7)
- 二次性低ゴナドトロピン性性腺機能低下症を有しており、且つボディマス指数が26超のヒト男性の空腹時血糖値を低減させるための、100%trans−クロミフェン又はその塩及び0%cis−クロミフェンを含んで成る組成物。
- 前記男性が125mg/dl〜140mg/dlの間の空腹時血糖値を有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記男性が110mg/dl〜125mg/dlの間の空腹時血糖値を有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記男性の空腹時血糖値を110mg/dl未満に低減する、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- trans−クロミフェンが12.5〜50mgの用量で存在する、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- trans−クロミフェンが12.5、25、又は50mgの用量で存在する、請求項5に記載の組成物。
- 前記男性のテストステロン値が300ng/dl未満である、請求項3〜6のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
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EP1829534A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 | 2007-09-05 | Laboratorios Del Dr. Esteve, S.A. | Use of compounds binding to the sigma receptor for the treatment of metabolic syndrome |
JP5558358B2 (ja) | 2007-10-16 | 2014-07-23 | レプロス セラピューティクス インコーポレイティド | メタボリック症候群用のtrans−クロミフェン |
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