CN1178467A - 茶的多酚提取物、其用途和含有它们的制剂 - Google Patents
茶的多酚提取物、其用途和含有它们的制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1178467A CN1178467A CN96192504A CN96192504A CN1178467A CN 1178467 A CN1178467 A CN 1178467A CN 96192504 A CN96192504 A CN 96192504A CN 96192504 A CN96192504 A CN 96192504A CN 1178467 A CN1178467 A CN 1178467A
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- polyphenol
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- polyphenol extract
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Abstract
本发明涉及茶的新多酚提取物的制备方法,其用途和含有它们的制剂。本发明特别涉及不含咖啡因但含天然比例表棓儿茶素衍生的多酚提取物的制备。这些提取物可单独使用或与亲脂抗氧化剂、含硫氨基酸和生化寡聚物及营养要素一起使用。这些新提取物单独或与其他活性成分结合的应用对食品、药品和化妆品领域都很有意义。
Description
本发明涉及茶(Camellia sinensis)的新多酚提取物,其制备方法和用途,以及含有它们的制剂。
本发明的目的特别涉及不含咖啡因但主要含衍生自表棓儿茶素的天然比例多酚的提取物。
已知咖啡因对心血管系统有不利的作用,还有致突变作用。一般通过在超临界相用二氧化碳提取或用氯代溶剂提取来除去咖啡因,但所述步骤没有着眼于保持这些具有有利生物效应的多酚成分的标准含量。
最近这些茶植物特征物质由于其强抗氧化作用而引起广泛兴趣,如文献(1,2)中所述。这种作用显然某种程度上与一些多酚(例如表棓儿茶素-3-O-棓酸酯)能抑制实验室动物中人工诱发肿瘤形成有关(3,4)。
另外,最近的一些流行病学研究表明大量饮用绿茶与退化性慢性病(如一些癌和动脉硬化)的低发病率相关(5-8)。
除上述抗氧化作用外,绿茶衍生物中所含物质的作用机制迄今仍未完全阐明。在广泛的研究过程中,申请人发现绿茶的多酚成分根据所研究细胞类型能够起到差别细胞毒效应,这种差异特别与选择靶向有关,其中一些多酚分子作用于亚细胞位点(如线粒体)。
因此,能获得有标准含量多酚物质和低含量咖啡因的茶提取物的提取方法显然是很重要的。
这一目的已通过包括以下步骤的方法达到:
a)用水-醇或水-酮混合物提取植物物料;
b)全部或部分蒸发提取溶剂;
c)将残余物悬浮在30-60%(体积)的含水甲醇混合物中;
d)用氯代溶剂萃取含水甲醇悬液;
e)滤去不溶残渣,浓缩含水甲醇相;
f)用有机酸酸化或不酸化;
g)用选自脂肪酸酯、醇或酮的溶剂萃取酸化或未酸化的浓缩含水甲醇相,条件是所述溶剂要与含水甲醇混合物不溶混;
h)加或不加芳烃或脂肪烃,然后用稀无机酸水溶液洗涤;
i)浓缩水不溶混性有机相,用氯代溶剂稀释;
k)若不存在f)和h)步,则在干燥脂肪酮或醇(优选醇)中用大分子强酸型阳离子交换树脂处理。
本发明方法的第一种实施方案是:植物物料用水稀释或不稀释的脂肪醇和酮提取,优选用含40-90%(体积)丙酮(特别是70%丙酮)的丙酮水混合物提取。根据所用溶剂不同,将所得提取物浓缩至小体积(原体积的约1/5到约1/15)或除去有机溶剂。
第一种情况是含水浓缩物用甲醇稀释至50%(v/v),第二种情况是将残余物悬浮在含30-60%(优选50%)甲醇的甲醇水混合物中。该含水甲醇混合物用氯代溶剂(优选二氯甲烷)反萃取,直到除去没有与植物物料中存在的寡聚多酚复合的非目的物诸如叶绿素、萜烯和咖啡因。弃去该氯代有机相,浓缩含水甲醇相直到除去甲醇,滤去鞣酸咖啡因复合物组成的不溶物。用不溶混溶剂如脂肪酮和醇或脂肪酸酯萃取该水溶液。所述有机溶剂的例子包括含盐如氯化铵或硫酸铵(它能清除咖啡因的复合物,由于酸碱性将其保留在水中,同时使得可能选择性萃取)的甲乙酮,各种异构体形式的丁醇,甲酸乙酯或乙酸乙酯。在浓缩并用氯代溶剂(特别是二氯甲烷)稀释后,这些溶剂(优选乙酸乙酯)能够选择性地回收酚类物质。所得萃取物仍含有一定量与1%以上多酚复合的残余咖啡因,这可以通过在无水介质中(使用诸如甲醇、乙醇或丙酮的溶剂)吸附在磺酸树脂上而除去,从而得到含咖啡因不超过0.2%的提取物。
本发明方法的另一实施方案中,用40-50%(v/v)的甲醇或丙酮水溶液提取植物物料,浓缩提取物直到除去有机溶剂,优选达到与被提取植物物料大约等重。滤去不溶物后,该浓缩物用氯代溶剂(优选二氯甲烷)反萃取,以除去游离咖啡因和萜烯样惰性物质。该水溶液用有机酸酸化(优选在柠檬酸铵存在下用柠檬酸酸化),用脂肪酸酯(优选乙酸乙酯)反萃取。向有机相中加入有机相总体积2-20%(体积)(优选5%)的芳烃或脂肪烃,然后用稀无机酸(优选1%硫酸)洗涤,直到除去咖啡因。
洗至中性后将该有机溶液浓缩至小体积,倾倒在足以回收多酚的二氯甲烷中。
茶叶,优选研细的茶叶用作植物物料。在室温下进行提取(大约18-25℃)。药物/溶剂比不太重要,但一般每次提取在1∶1到1∶5w/v之间。
按本方法所得产物中最重要的儿茶素衍生物的平均含量为:50-65%表棓儿茶素-3-O-棓酸酯,13-20%表儿茶素-3-O-棓酸酯,2-4%表儿茶素和1.5-3%表棓儿茶素。
按所报道方法之一获得的多酚成分的特征是:其抗氧化力可与已知抗氧化剂相比或高出,这可以从下表中明显看出。
该“体外”试验中,用一种实验模型检查产物的抗脂过氧化作用,包括磷脂酰胆碱脂质体在试管中的超声化(Sonication),用常规技术(9)测定氧化降解后的产物。
脂质体在抗氧化剂存在下孵育使共轭双烯的形成以剂量依赖性关系下降,共轭双烯的形成是磷脂氧化降解的第一步。
表
与表棓儿茶素-3-O-棓酸酯、维生素E和维生素C对比,绿茶多酚提取物对超声化磷脂酰胆碱脂质体(增殖相)的抗氧化作用
CI50(μM)绿茶多酚提取物* 0.52表棓儿茶素-3-O-棓酸酯 0.50维生素E 1.25维生素C 无活性
*假定分子量为表棓儿茶素-3-O-棓酸酯的分子量。
数据用磷脂酰胆碱脂质体超声化后降低共轭双烯形成50%所要求的产物浓度(μM)表示。
据信多酚的抗氧化作用对抗诱变作用也很重要,例如最近报道的诸如从葡萄种子中提取的(10)一些多酚。
令人惊异的是,在从葡萄种子提取的产物具有抗诱变作用的相同浓度下,从绿茶得到的多酚(尽管具有高抗氧化活性)却没有这种活性;但另一方面,它们以差别细胞毒作用(在有致命线粒体突变的细胞系中较高)为特征,且认为这具有重要意义。
这种细胞毒作用根据所用细胞系而不同,例如在肿瘤卵巢细胞中本发明产物在约50μM浓度下起细胞毒效应,而用正常卵巢细胞测定时则在很高的浓度(1000μM)下才测到这种效应。
在现有技术状态下,已提出了不同的假说以阐明自发突变的机制,它们的基础假定是细胞周期的一些代谢产物(特别是自由基)负责调节线粒体遗传,即通过将线粒体DNA复制所依赖的膜系统过氧化(11,12)。
在此前提下,两类化合物被认为非常有益,尽管它们有至少部分类似的基本机制(在线粒体水平的抗氧化活性),但它们作用于两个不同的方面:抗诱变(如葡萄种子衍生物)和差别细胞毒作用(如本发明产物)。因而两类物质都可用于预防性治疗退化性疾病,如瘤形成,心血管疾病如动脉硬化和关节炎及各种起因的关节病。
另外,本发明产物可单独用于治疗或与其他物质联合使用以产生协同效应。例如在肿瘤学上,本发明产物可与常规化疗结合,取得既降小一些治疗(如用一些蒽环化合物或铂复合物如顺铂治疗)中常出现的氧化损伤,又摧毁一部分肿瘤细胞(通过差别细胞毒机制)的双重优势。
在瘤形成的预防中,与饮食一起服用多酚提取物是摧毁癌前态突变细胞的有效方式。对于动脉硬化等其他情形,本发明产物最好与其他抗氧化剂合用,如类胡罗卜素、特别是番茄红素和玉米黄素,以保持生物抗氧化池的完整性。
在关节退变疾病中,本发明产物可与含硫氨基酸如甲硫氨酸、半脱氨酸或脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸合用,选择性地与葡糖胺和透明质酸(ialuronic acid)混合使用。本发明多酚提取物在所述组合中的作用是在协同物存在下对成软骨细胞的抗氧化和抗衰退双重作用,这是由于刺激了胶原和蛋白多糖的合成。
这些提取物的有效剂量是10-1000mg/天,1-4次/天,优选50-300mg/天,1-2次/天。大鼠和小鼠中的口服DL50大于2000mg/kg。
这些产物可制成常规药物形式,如软或硬明胶胶囊、片剂、药袋、糖浆、栓剂和注射小瓶。与其他活性成分组合时,本发明组合物可以适于单个活性成分的相继或分开给药。
下列实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例I
制备含标准量多酚的绿茶无咖啡因提取物
研细的非发酵茶叶(Camellia sinensis)1kg每次用3升丙酮/水7∶3(v/v)混合物提取4次。合并提取物,真空下在不高于45℃温度下浓缩至1kg。在浓缩过程中形成了大量粘性物,后者由叶绿素和其它无益的亲脂物质组成,但仍含有多酚。该浓缩液用1升甲醇和0.5升二氯甲烷稀释。将粘性物溶解在这种介质中,搅拌30分钟后分离各相。重复三次二氯甲烷萃取操作,然后弃去二氯甲烷相。真空浓缩含水甲醇相直到除去甲醇,用0.5升乙酸乙酯萃取浓缩物3次。弃去水相,有机相用Na2SO4干燥,浓缩至小体积(0.22升)。在强烈搅拌下将浓缩物倒在1.2升二氯甲烷中,生成大量棕色沉淀,真空干燥沉淀后称重,约0.12kg。该残余物含1.6%的生物碱,按下述方法进行最终纯化。在氮气氛下溶解在1.5升甲醇中,甲醇溶液用250ml磺酸树脂Amberlyst处理直到咖啡因消失,用薄层层析检查。将此甲醇溶液在不高于50℃的温度下浓缩至于。按此方法得到0.11kg米色产物,其组成如下:
表棓儿茶素-3-O-棓酸酯 58.0%
表儿茶素-3-O-棓酸酯 16.0%
表儿茶素 3.0%
表棓儿茶素 2.5%
实施例II
制备含标准量多酚的绿茶无咖啡因提取物
研细的非发酵茶叶(Camellia sinensis)1kg每次用3升丙酮/水4∶6混合物提取4次。合并提取物,不高于45℃下真空浓缩至1kg。在浓缩过程中形成一些沉淀,分离并弃去。浓缩物用0.5升二氯甲烷萃取三次,弃去二氯甲烷相。水相在柠檬酸铵存在下用柠檬酸酸化至pH1.5,用0.5ml乙酸乙酯萃取3次。弃去水相,而有机相用75ml甲苯稀释,用150ml(每次)1%H2SO4反萃取三次。用水洗至中性后用Na2SO4干燥,将有机相浓缩至300ml,将浓缩物倒入1.5ml二氯甲烷中。真空干燥过夜后,得到0.1kg米色粉末,其具有实施例I产物的特征。
实施例III
制备含标准量多酚的绿茶无咖啡因提取物
研细的无发酵茶叶(Camellia sinensis)1kg每次用3升甲醇/水1∶1混合物提取4次。合并提取物,不高于45℃下真空浓缩至1kg。在浓缩过程中形成一些沉淀,分离并弃去。浓缩物用0.5升二氯甲烷萃取三次,弃去二氯甲烷相。水相在柠檬酸铵存在下用柠檬酸酸化至pH1.5,用0.5ml乙酸乙酯萃取3次。弃去水相,而有机相用75ml甲苯稀释,用150ml(每次)1%H2SO4反萃取三次。用水洗至中性后用Na2SO4干燥,将有机相浓缩至300ml,将混缩物倒入1.5ml二氯甲烷中。50℃下真空干燥过夜后,得到0.1kg米色粉末,其具有实施例I产物的特征。
实施例IV
含有绿茶多酚提取物的明胶胶囊
将50mg绿茶多酚提取物与88mg微晶纤维素(Avicel PH102)、3mg硅胶(Aerosil 200)、8mg交联羧甲基纤维素钠(Ac-Di-Sol)和1mg硬脂酸镁混合。形成的混合物装入硬明胶胶囊(3号)中。
实施例V
含有绿茶多酚提取物的明胶胶囊
将150mg绿茶多酚提取物与264mg微晶纤维素(Avicel PH102)、9mg硅胶(Aerosil 200)、24mg交联羧甲基纤维素钠和3mg硬脂酸镁混合。形成的混合物装入硬明胶胶囊(0号)中。
实施例VI
含绿茶多酚提取物的包衣片剂
将50mg绿茶多酚提取物与50mg微晶纤维素(Avicel PH101)33mg二价磷酸钙(Emcompress A)、3mg硅胶(Aerosil 200)、12mg交联羧甲基纤维素钠(Ac-Di-Sol)和2mg硬脂酸镁混合。将此粉末混合10分钟,然后以150mg/片的剂量制片。形成的药片(直径:7mm)用含4.5mg羟丙基甲基纤维素(Methocel E5)、0.9mg聚乙二醇6000(Carbowax 6000)、1.2mg二氧化钛和0.9mg滑石的敷膜机包衣。
实施例VII
含绿茶多酚提取物的包衣片剂
将150mg绿茶多酚提取物与150mg微晶纤维素(Avicel PH101)、99mg二价磷酸钙(Emcompress A)、9mg硅胶(Aerosil 200)、36mg交联羧甲基纤维素钠(Ac-Di-Sol)和6mg硬脂酸镁混合。将此粉末混合10分钟,然后以450mg/片的剂量制片。形成的药片(直径:11mm)用含13.5mg羟丙基甲基纤维素(Methocel E5)、2.7mg聚乙二醇6000(Carbowax 6000)、3.6mg二氧化钛和2.7mg滑石的敷膜机包衣。
实施例VIII
含绿茶多酚提取物的注射小瓶
将10mg多酚提取物与200mg葡萄糖混合,溶解在足量注射用水中至5ml。该溶液(pH4.5)然后用常规技术制成注射小瓶制剂。
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Claims (21)
1.咖啡因含量不高于0.2%(重量)的绿茶多酚提取物的制备方法,该方法包括:
a)用水-醇或水-酮混合物提取植物物料;
b)全部或部分蒸发提取溶剂;
c)将残余物悬浮在30-60%(体积)的含水甲醇混合物中;
d)用氯代溶剂萃取含水甲醇悬浮;
e)滤去不溶残渣,浓缩含水甲醇相;
f)用有机酸酸化或不酸化;
g)用选自脂肪酸酯、醇或酮的溶剂萃取酸化或未酸化的浓缩含水甲醇相,条件是所述溶剂要与含水甲醇混合物不溶混;
h)加或不加芳烃或脂肪烃,然后用稀无机酸水溶液洗涤;
i)浓缩水不溶混性有机相,用氯代溶剂稀释;
k)若不存在f)和h)步,则在干燥脂肪酮或醇中用磺酸型树脂处理。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中在a)中使用40-90%(体积)的丙酮水溶液。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,其中使用70%(体积)的丙酮水溶液。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项的方法,其中c)步中使用50%(体积)的甲醇水溶液。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项的方法,其中d)步中使用二氯甲烷。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项的方法,其中f)步使用存在柠檬酸铵的柠檬酸。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项的方法,其中g)步的溶剂选自乙酸乙酯、甲酸乙酯、甲乙酮、1-丁醇、叔丁醇、2-丁醇。
8.根据权利要求7的方法,其中溶剂为乙酸乙酯。
9.根据上述权利要求任一项的方法,其中h)步使用有机相总体积5%(体积)量的甲苯和1%(体积)的硫酸水溶液。
10.根据上述权利要求任一项的方法,其中i)步使用二氯甲烷。
11.根据权利要求1-10任一项的方法,其包括a)到e)、g)、i)和k)步。
12.根据权利要求1-10任一项的方法,其包括a)-i)步。
13.可按权利要求1-12的方法制得的咖啡因含量不高于0.2%的茶(Camellia Sinensis)多酚提取物。
14.一种绿茶多酚提取物,其含有50-65%表棓儿茶素-3-O-棓酸酯、13-20%表儿茶素-3-O-棓酸酯、2-4%表儿茶素和1.5-3%表棓儿茶素和不高于0.2%的咖啡因。
15.含有权利要求13或14的多酚提取物和与其混合的适当载体或赋形剂的药物组合物。
16.根据权利要求15的药物组合物,其为片剂、明胶胶囊、药袋、糖浆、注射小瓶形式。
17.根据权利要求15或16的药物组合物,其还含有蒽环药或顺铂和其衍生物,任意地为适于相继或分开给药的形式。
18.含有权利要求13或14的多酚提取物和适当载体或赋形剂的化妆品组合物。
19.含有权利要求13或14的多酚提取物和适当载体或赋形剂的营养组合物。
20.权利要求13或14的多酚提取物在制备具有差别细胞毒活性和抗氧化活性的药物中的用途。
21.权利要求13或14的多酚提取物在制备用于治疗肿瘤、心血管系统的慢性退化性疾病、关节病、动脉硬化的药物中的用途。
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-
1995
- 1995-03-14 IT IT95MI000493A patent/IT1275905B1/it active IP Right Grant
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1996
- 1996-03-07 WO PCT/EP1996/000973 patent/WO1996028178A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-03-07 DE DE69622998T patent/DE69622998T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1996-03-07 JP JP52724896A patent/JP3264934B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-03-07 KR KR1019970706370A patent/KR100301678B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-03-07 AU AU50040/96A patent/AU696676B2/en not_active Ceased
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- 1996-03-07 PT PT96906750T patent/PT814823E/pt unknown
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- 1996-03-07 RU RU97117083/13A patent/RU2185070C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-03-07 AT AT96906750T patent/ATE222113T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-03-07 ES ES96906750T patent/ES2181873T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-07 CN CNB961925043A patent/CN1138552C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-03-07 EP EP96906750A patent/EP0814823B1/en not_active Revoked
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1997
- 1997-09-11 NO NO974188A patent/NO326762B1/no unknown
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1999
- 1999-08-06 US US09/369,733 patent/US6096359A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2001-10-02 JP JP2001306197A patent/JP2002187848A/ja active Pending
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN1089006C (zh) * | 1999-08-13 | 2002-08-14 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | 一种从茶叶提取活化的凝血因子十抑制组分(ati)方法 |
CN1856293B (zh) * | 2003-09-23 | 2010-12-15 | 奥里金生物医学股份有限公司 | 多酚的无水局部用制剂 |
CN1319527C (zh) * | 2004-01-17 | 2007-06-06 | 栾德刚 | 表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯在制备预防和治疗因化疗引起脱发的药物中的应用 |
CN1939296B (zh) * | 2005-09-29 | 2011-04-13 | 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院毒物药物研究所 | 一种茶多酚组合物及其制备方法 |
CN101284022B (zh) * | 2007-06-01 | 2011-06-15 | 山西省农业科学院农产品综合利用研究所 | 植物多酚类物质的络合萃取方法 |
CN101121705B (zh) * | 2007-09-21 | 2010-12-08 | 江苏德和生物科技有限公司 | 茶多酚制备工艺 |
CN106626941A (zh) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-05-10 | 王培彪 | 复方茶泥及利用该复方茶泥制备的室内装饰艺术品 |
CN111315391A (zh) * | 2017-10-31 | 2020-06-19 | 株式会社爱茉莉太平洋 | 包含具有不同成分含量的茶提取物的用于改善循环系统疾病的组合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO326762B1 (no) | 2009-02-09 |
ITMI950493A1 (it) | 1996-09-14 |
EP0814823A1 (en) | 1998-01-07 |
DE69622998D1 (de) | 2002-09-19 |
DK0814823T3 (da) | 2002-11-04 |
CA2215210C (en) | 2002-06-25 |
PT814823E (pt) | 2002-11-29 |
JPH10512582A (ja) | 1998-12-02 |
ATE222113T1 (de) | 2002-08-15 |
NO974188L (no) | 1997-09-11 |
ITMI950493A0 (it) | 1995-03-14 |
US6096359A (en) | 2000-08-01 |
AU696676B2 (en) | 1998-09-17 |
RU2185070C2 (ru) | 2002-07-20 |
US5989557A (en) | 1999-11-23 |
KR100301678B1 (ko) | 2001-10-27 |
EP0814823B1 (en) | 2002-08-14 |
DE69622998T2 (de) | 2003-04-24 |
CN1138552C (zh) | 2004-02-18 |
JP2002187848A (ja) | 2002-07-05 |
IT1275905B1 (it) | 1997-10-24 |
CA2215210A1 (en) | 1996-09-19 |
JP3264934B2 (ja) | 2002-03-11 |
WO1996028178A1 (en) | 1996-09-19 |
AU5004096A (en) | 1996-10-02 |
NO974188D0 (no) | 1997-09-11 |
ES2181873T3 (es) | 2003-03-01 |
KR19980702962A (ko) | 1998-09-05 |
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