CN1177533C - 防治植物有害生物的组合物 - Google Patents
防治植物有害生物的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1177533C CN1177533C CNB998072060A CN99807206A CN1177533C CN 1177533 C CN1177533 C CN 1177533C CN B998072060 A CNB998072060 A CN B998072060A CN 99807206 A CN99807206 A CN 99807206A CN 1177533 C CN1177533 C CN 1177533C
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/46—N-acyl derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/50—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids the nitrogen atom being doubly bound to the carbon skeleton
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于防治植物有害生物的药剂,它含有与除了环丙基羧酰胺衍生物和唑基甲基环烷类之外的杀真菌活性化合物混合的式(I)化合物。
Description
本发明涉及一类农药,它包括式(I)化合物与杀真菌剂组合作为活性化合物
杀真菌活性化合物,如唑(azole)衍生物、芳基苄基醚类、苯甲酰胺类、吗啉化合物和其它杂环,是已知的(参见,K.H.Büchel“Pflanzenschutz und Sch_dlingsbek_mpfung”,第140至153页,Georg Thieme-Verlag,斯图加特1977;欧洲专利公开EP-A 0 040345、德国专利公开DE-A 2 324 010、DE-A 2 201 063、EP-A 0 112284、EP-A 0 304 758和DD 140 412)。
某些硝基亚甲基衍生物与杀真菌活性化合物的混合物及其作为农药在植物保护上的应用是已知的(US-P-4 731 385;日本专利公开JP-A-63/68507、JP-A-63/68505;63/72608、63/72 609、63/72 610、WO 96/03 045、JP-08/245 323、JP-04/368 303、JP-05/017 311、WO 92/21 241、WO 97/22 254)。某些开链硝基亚甲基和硝基胍与杀真菌剂的混合物也是已知的(JP-A-30 47 106;US-P 5 181 587)。
环丙基羧酰胺类与某些硝基亚甲基或硝基胍衍生物的混合物也是已知的(JP-A-3/271 207)。
特别是吡虫啉和杀真菌活性化合物的混合物用在材料保护和防白蚁的应用,但不是用于防治损害植物的有害生物,也是已知的(EP-A 0511 541)。吡虫啉与唑基甲基环烷,特别灭菌唑的混合物由EP-A 545834已知。
然而,迄今未知硝基胍衍生物与除了环丙基羧酰胺和灭菌唑之外的杀真菌剂在其活性上具有互利效果,使它们特别适合于作为防治植物有害生物的组合物,而与此同时被植物很好地耐受。
本发明涉及防治有害生物的组合物,它含有式(I)化合物
与除环丙基羧酰胺衍生物和唑基甲基环烷之外的杀真菌活性化合物。
本发明防治植物有害生物的组合物中的杀真菌剂的实例可以提到的有:
(1)下式的唑衍生物
(戊唑醇)
(丙环唑)
R2,R3=-OCH2CH(CH3)O-,
(苯醚甲环唑)
R3=-OH,n=1,
(环丙唑醇)
R3=OH,n=1,
(粉唑醇)
(己唑醇)
R2=-(CH2)3CH3,R3=CN,n=1,
(腈菌唑)
(戊菌唑)
(呋菌唑)
(乙环唑)
(糠菌唑)
n=1,R3=CN,
(腈苯唑)
R2=CH2OCF2CHF2,R3=H,n=1,
(四氟醚唑)
R2=-CH(OH)-C(CH3)3,n=0,R3=H,
(三唑醇)
(三唑酮)
R3=H,
(联苯三唑醇)
(苄氯三唑醇)
(烯唑醇)
(2)下式的唑衍生物
(氟硅唑)
(3)下式的唑衍生物
(咪鲜胺)
(4)下式化合物
Sx (V)
(5)下式的唑衍生物
(氟喹唑)
(6)下式的杂环类
(VII-1)X=0,R8=CH3,R9=H,R10=C10H21
(十三吗啉)
(VII-2)X=0,R8=CH3,R9=H,R10=C9H19
(艾敌吗啉)
(VII-3)X=0,R8=CH3,R9=CH3,
(丁苯吗啉)
(VII-4)X=CH2,R8=H,R9=CH3,
(苯锈啶)
(7)下式化合物
(8)下式化合物
(9)下式化合物
(10)下式化合物
(啶斑肟)
(11)下式化合物
(氯苯嘧啶醇)
(12)下式化合物
(氟菌唑)
(13)下式化合物
(乙烯菌核利)
(腐霉利)
(异菌脲)
(14)下式化合物
(XV-1) R12=CH3
(嘧霉胺)
(XV-2) R12=CC-CH3
(嘧菌胺)
(15)下式化合物
(XVI-1) R13=H
(苯氟磺胺)
(XVI-2) R13=CH3
(甲苯氟磺胺)
(16)下式化合物
(二氰蒽醌)
(17)下式化合物
(多果定)
(18)下式化合物
(百菌清)
(19)下式化合物
(烯酰吗啉)
(20)下式化合物
(甲霜灵)
(21)下式化合物
(霜脲氰)
(22)下式化合物
(氟啶胺)
(23)下式化合物
(24)下式化合物
Cl3C-S-R14 (XXV)
(克菌丹)
(灭菌丹)
(25)下式化合物
(敌菌灵)
(26)下式化合物
(噁霜灵)
(27)下式化合物
(三乙膦酸铝)
(28)下式化合物
(消螨普)
(29)下式化合物
(30)下式化合物
(31)下式化合物
(甲基代森锌)
(32)下式化合物
(XXXIII-1) M=Zn
(代森锌)
(XXXIII-2) M=Mn
(代森锰)
(XXXIII-3) M=Mn/Zn
(代森锰锌)
(33)下式化合物
(福美双)
(34)下式化合物
(TYMIBENCONAZODE)
(35)下式化合物
(METIRAM)
(36)下式化合物
(37)下式化合物
(38)下式化合物
其中
R15和R16相互独立地各代表氢、卤素、甲基或苯基,和
R17代表氢或甲基
(39)下式的8-叔丁基-2-(N-乙基-N-n-丙氨基)-甲基-1,4-二氧杂螺[4.5]癸烷
(40)下式化合物
(41)下式化合物
(42)下式化合物
咯菌腈
拌种咯
(43)下式化合物
(44)下式的苯并咪唑
R9=CONHtBu;R6=-NHCOOMe 苯菌灵
R9=H;R6=-NHCOOMe 多菌灵
(45)下式化合物
(46)下式化合物
(47)下式化合物
(48)下式化合物
(49)下式化合物
(50)下式化合物
(51)下式化合物
(52)下式化合物
(53)下式化合物
(54)下式化合物
丁基苯并异噻唑啉酮
(55)下式化合物
苯并噻吩-2-环己基羧酰胺
S,S-二氧化物
式(I)活性化合物由EP-A 0 375 907已知。
上述杀真菌活性化合物也是已知的。
它们描述于例如下列公开出版物中:
(1)式(II)化合物
DE-A 2 201 063
DE-A 2 324 010
DE-A 2 737 489
DE-A 3 018 866
DE-A 2 551 560
EP 47 594
DE 2 735 872
(2)式(III)化合物
EP 68 813
US 4 496 551
(3)式(IV)化合物
DE-A 2 429 523
DE-A 2 856 974
US 4 108 411
(6)式(VII)化合物
DL 140 041
(7)式(VIII)化合物
EP 382 375
(8)式(IX)化合物
EP 515 901
(9)式(X)化合物
EP 314 422
(10)式(XI)化合物
EP 49 854
(11)式(XII)化合物
DE-A 1 770 288
US 3 869 456
(13)式(XIV)化合物
DE 2 207 576
US 3 903 090
US 3 755 350
US 3 823 240
(14)式(XV)化合物
EP 270 111
(19)式(XX)化合物
EP 219 756
(34)式(XXXV)化合物
US 4 512 989
(38)式(XXXIX)化合物
EP 398 692
(48)WO 97/27189的化合物
(49)WO 96/16048的化合物,此化合物可以存在2种互变异构形式(A)和(B)
属于第(15)、(16)、(17)、(18)、(23)、(34)、(25)、(28)、(31)、(32)、(33)和(38)至(47)组的化合物描述于例如,K.H.Büchel,“Pflanzenschutz und Sch_dlingsbek_mpfung”,pp121-153,GeorgThieme-Verlag,Stuttgart,1977。
第(39)组化合物由EP-A 281 842已知。
第(50)组化合物由WO 97/06 171已知。
第(51)组化合物由DE-24 33 410已知。
第(52)至(54)组化合物由W.Paulus,“Microbicides for theProtection of Material”,Chapman & Hall 1993已知。
第(55)组化合物由EP-0 512 349已知。
除了式(I)活性化合物之外,本发明活性化合物组合还含有至少一种杀真菌活性化合物,例如,选自第(1)至(55)组化合物。此外,它们还可以含有其它活性化合物以及常规辅助剂和添加剂以及稀释剂。
本发明组合物中的优选的杀真菌活性化合物是:
醚菌酯(kresoximmethyl)、戊唑醇、甲霜灵、嘧菌酯、三唑醇、联苯三唑醇、拌种咯、环丙唑醇、丙环唑、咯菌腈和咪唑嗪。
当本发明活性化合物组合中的活性化合物以某种重量比存在时,该混合物显示出明显的增效作用。然而,活性化合物组合中的活性化合物的重量比可以在较宽的范围内变化。通常,相对于每份重量的式(I)活性化合物存在0.1至10份重量的,优选0.3至3份重量的至少一种例如属于第(1)至(55)组的杀真菌活性化合物。
本发明活性化合物组合具有非常好的杀真菌性能。它们可以采用来特别是防治植物病原真菌,如根肿菌纲、卵菌纲、壶菌纲、接合菌纲、子囊菌纲、担子菌纲、半知菌纲等。
本发明活性化合物组合特别适合于防治禾谷类病害,如白粉菌、旋孢菌、壳针孢菌、核球壳菌和小球腔菌,且防治真菌对蔬菜、葡萄和水果的侵染,例如防治苹果黑星病或白粉病、葡萄白粉病或黄瓜白粉病。
本发明活性化合物组合也非常适合防治动物害虫,优选节肢动物,特别是出现在农业、森林、贮藏产品和材料保护以及卫生方面上的昆虫。它们对正常的敏感和抗性种类和对所有或某些生长发育阶段都有活性。上述害虫包括:
等足目,例如,潮虫(Oniscus asellus)、鼠妇(Armadillidiumvulgare)和斑鼠妇(Porcellio scaber)。
倍足目,例如,具斑马陆(Blaniulus guttulatus)。
唇足目,例如,食果地蜈蚣(Geophilus carpophagus)和蚰蜒(Scutigera spec)。
综合目,例如,洁幺蚰(Scutigerella immaculata)。
缨尾目,例如,西洋衣鱼(Lepisma saccharina)。
弹尾目,例如,具棘跳虫(Onychiurus armatus)。
直翅目,例如,东方蜚蠊(Blatta orientalis)、美洲大蠊(Periplaneta americana)、马德拉蜚蠊(Leucophaea maderae)、德国小蠊(Blattella germanica)、家蟋蟀(Achetadomesticus)、蝼蛄属(Gryllotalpa spp.)、热带飞蝗(Locustamigratoria migratorioids)、殊种蚱蜢(Melanoplusdifferentialis)和沙漠蝗(Schistocerca gregaria)。
革翅目,例如,欧洲球螋(Forficula auricularia)。
等翅目,例如,犀白蚁属(Reticulitermes spp.)。
虱目,例如,体虱(Pediculus humanus corporis)、血虱属(Haematopinus spp.)和颚虱属(Linognathus spp.)。
食毛目,例如,啮毛虱属(Trichodectes spp.)和畜属虱(Damalinea spp.)。
缨翅目,例如,温室条蓟马(Hercinothrips femoralis)和棉蓟马(Thrips tabaci)。
半翅目,例如,扁盾蝽属(Eurygaster spp.)、中棉红蝽(Dysdercus intermedius)、甜菜拟网蝽(Piesma quadrata)、温带臭蝽(Cimex lectularius)、长红猎蝽(Rhodnius prolixus)和锥蝽属(Triatoma spp.)。
同翅目,例如,甘蓝粉虱(Aleurodes brassicae)、甘薯粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)、温室粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)、棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)、甘蓝蚜(Brevicoryne brassicae)、茶藨隐瘤蚜(Cryptomyzus ribis)、甜菜蚜(Aphis fabae)、苹果蚜(Doralis pomi)、苹果绵蚜(Eriosoma lanigerum)、桃大尾蚜(Hyalopterus arundinis)、美核桃根瘤蚜(Phylloxeravaststrix)、瘿绵蚜属(Pemphigus spp.)、麦长管蚜(Macrosiphumavenae)、瘤额蚜属(Myzus spp.)、忽布疣蚜(Phorodon humili)、禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)、微叶蝉属(Empoasca spp.)、钝鼻叶蝉(Euscelis bilobatus)、黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettixcincticeps)、水土坚蚧(Lecanium corni)、油榄黑盔蚧(Saissetiaoleae)、灰稻虱(Laodelphax striatellus)、稻褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)、红肾园盾蚧(Aonidiella aurantii)、夹竹桃园蚧(Aspidiotus hederae)、粉蚧属(Pseudococcus spp.)和木虱属(Psylla spp.)。
鳞翅目,例如,棉红蛉虫(Pectinophora gossypiella)、松天蛾(Bupalus piniarius)、冬尺蛾(Cheimatobia brumata)、苹细蛾(Lithocolletis blancardella)、苹果巢蛾(Hyponomeutapadella)、小菜蛾(Plutella maculipennis)、天幕毛虫(Malacosoma neustris)、黄毒蛾(Euproctis chrysorrhoea)、毒蛾属(Lymantria spp.)、棉潜蛾(Bucculatrix thurberiella)、桔潜叶蛾(Phyllocnistis citrella)、地老虎属(Agrotis spp.)、切根虫属(Euxoa spp.)、夜蛾属(Feltia spp.)、棉斑实蛾(Eariasinsulana)、棉铃虫属(Heliothis spp.)、甜菜夜蛾(Laphygmaexigua)、甘蓝夜蛾(Mamestra brassicae)、小眼夜蛾(Panolisflammea)、斜纹夜蛾(Prodenia litura)、灰翅夜蛾属(Spodopteraspp.)、粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)、苹蠹蛾(Carpocapsapomonella)、粉蝶属(Pieris spp.)、禾草螟属(Chilo spp.)、玉米螟(Pyrausta nubilalis)、地中海粉斑螟(Ephestiakuehniella)、大蜡螟(Galleria mellonella)、幕衣蛾(Tineolabisselliella)、袋衣蛾(Tinea pellionella)、褐织蛾(Hofmannophila pseudospretella)、亚麻黄卷蛾(Cacoeciapodana)、Capua reticulana、枞色卷蛾(Choristoneurafumiferana)、葡萄果蠹蛾(Clysia ambiguella)、茶长卷蛾(Homonamagnanima)和栎绿卷蛾(Tortrix viridana)。
鞘翅目,例如,具斑窃蠹(Anobium punctatum)、谷蠹(Rhizopertha dominica)、Bruchidius obtectus、大豆象(Acanthoscelides obtectus)、家天牛(Hylotrupes bajulus)、赤杨紫跳甲(Agelasrtica alni)、马铃薯甲虫(Leptinotarsadecemlineata)、辣根猿叶甲(Phaedon cochleariae)、条叶甲属(Diabrotica spp.)、油菜蓝跳甲(Psylliodes chrysocephala)、墨西哥豆甲(Epilachna varivestis)、隐翅甲属(Atomariaspp.)、锯谷盗(Oryzaephilus surinamensis)、花象甲属(Anthonomus spp.)、米象属(Sitophilus spp.)、葡萄黑耳喙象(Otiorrhynchus sulcatus)、香蕉根象甲(Cosmopolitessordidus)、甘蓝荚象甲(Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis)、苜蓿叶象虫(Hypera postica)、皮蠹属(Dermestes spp.)、斑皮蠹属(Trogoderma spp.)、圆皮蠹属(Anthrenus spp.)、毛蠹属(Attagenus spp.)、粉蠹属(Lyctus spp.)、油菜花露尾甲(Meligethes aeneus)、蛛甲属(Ptinus spp.)、金黄蛛甲(Niptushololeucus)、裸蛛甲(Gibbium psylloides)、拟谷盗属(Triboliumspp.)、黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)、叩头虫属(Agriotes spp.)、宽胸叩头虫属(Conoderus spp.)、西方五月鳃角金龟(Melolonthamelolontha)、马铃薯鳃角金龟(Amphimallon sostitialis)和褐新西兰肋翅鳃角金龟(Costelytra zealandica)。
膜翅目,例如,锯角叶蜂属(Diprion spp.)、叶蜂属(Hoplocampaspp.)、田蚁属(Lasius spp.)、小家蚁(Monomorium pharaonis)和胡蜂(Vespa spp.)。
双翅目,例如,伊蚊属(Aedes spp.)、按蚊属(Anophelesspp.)、库蚊属(Culex spp.)、黄猩猩果蝇(Drosophilamelanogaster)、蝇属(Musca spp.)、厕蝇属(Fannia spp.)、红头丽蝇(Callophora erythrocephala)、绿蝇属(Lucilia spp.)、金蝇属(Chrysomyia spp.)、疽蝇属(Cuterebra spp.)、胃蝇属(Gastrophilus spp.)、虱蝇属(Hyppobosca spp.)、螫蝇属(Stomoxys spp.)、狂蝇属(Oestrus spp.)、皮蝇属(Hypodermaspp.)、虻属(Tabanus spp.)、螗蜩属(Tannia spp.)、花园毛蚊(Bibio hortulanus)、瑞典麦杆蝇(Oscinella frit)、草种蝇属(Phorbia spp.)、菠菜潜叶花蝇(Pegomyia hyoscyami)、地中海实蝇(Ceratitis capitata)、油榄实蝇(Dacus oleae)和沼泽大蚊(Tipula paludosa)。
本发明组合在防治植物病害所需的浓度下可以被植物很好地耐受的事实,使其可以处理植物的地上部分、繁殖原种和种子以及土壤。
活性化合物可以转化成常规的制剂,如溶液、乳剂、悬浮剂、粉剂、泡沫剂、膏剂、颗粒剂、气雾剂、包在聚合物中和包在用于种子的涂敷组合物中的微细胶囊和ULV制剂。
这些型剂可以用已知的方式生产,例如,将活性化合物与扩充剂,即液体和/或与固体载体混合,并任选使用表面活性剂,即乳化剂和/或分散剂和/或起泡剂。在用水作扩充剂的情况下,也可以用有机溶剂作助溶剂。作为液体溶剂,适合的主要有:芳族化合物,如二甲苯,甲苯或烷基萘,氯代芳族化合物或氯代脂肪烃,如氯代苯类、氯乙烯类或二氯甲烷,脂族烃,如环己烷或石蜡,例如矿物油馏份,醇类,如丁醇或乙二醇以及其醚和酯,酮类,如丙酮、甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮或环己酮,强极性溶剂,如二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基亚砜,以及水。液化气体扩充剂或载体涉及在常温常压下是气体的液体,例如气雾抛射剂,如卤代烃,以及丁烷、丙烷和氮气以及二氧化碳。适合的固体载体是:例如磨碎的天然矿物质如高岭土、粘土、滑石、白垩、石英、硅镁土、蒙脱石或硅藻土,和磨碎的合成矿物质,如高分散二氧化硅、矾土和硅酸盐;用于颗粒剂的固体载体适合的有:例如压碎并分级的天然矿物质如方解石、大理石、浮石、海泡石和白云石,以及有机和无机粉的合成颗粒,和如下有机物的颗粒:锯木屑、椰壳、玉米穗轴和烟茎;适合的乳化剂和/或起泡剂是:例如非离子和阴离子乳化剂,如聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚,例如,烷芳基聚乙二醇醚,烷基磺酸盐,烷基硫酸盐,芳基磺酸盐以及白蛋白水解产物;适合的分散剂是:例如,木素亚硫酸废液和甲基纤维素。
制剂中可以使用粘合剂如羧甲基纤维素和天然和合成的粉状、颗粒或乳胶形式的聚合物,如阿拉伯胶、聚乙烯醇和聚乙酸乙烯酯,以及天然磷脂,如脑磷脂和卵磷脂,和合成磷脂。其它的添加剂可以是矿物油和植物油。
也可能使用染料,如无机颜料,例如氧化铁、氧化钛和普鲁士蓝,和有机染料,如茜素染料、偶氮染料和金属酞菁染料,和微量营养素如铁、锰、硼、铜、钴、钼和锌的盐。
制剂中通常含有按重量计0.1至95%的活性化合物,优选0.5至90%。
在制剂中,本发明活性化合物组合可以是与其它已知活性化合物的混合物,如与杀真菌剂、杀虫剂、杀螨剂和除草剂,和作为与肥料或植物生长调节剂的混合物。
本发明活性化合物组合可以采用其原样,以其制剂或由之制备的使用形式,如直接可用溶液、乳油、乳剂、悬浮剂、可湿性粉剂、可溶性粉剂和颗粒剂。
施用采用常规方式进行,例如,通过浇水、喷雾、弥雾、撒施、扩散、干拌种、湿拌种、液体拌种、种子的淤浆处理或结壳。
在处理植物部分时,使用形式的活性化合物浓度可以在相对宽的范围内变化。通常。它们介于按重量计1和0.0001%、优选介于0.5和0.001%之间。
在处理种子时,通常所需的活性化合物的量是每千克种子0.001至50克,优选0.01至10克之间。
在处理土壤时,在作用位点所需的活性化合物浓度为按重量计0.00001至0.1%,优选按重量计0.0001至0.02%。
再者,业已发现,本发明活性化合物组合对破坏工业材料的昆虫具有强的杀虫作用。
可以列举且是优选的昆虫是下列,但不限于这些昆虫:
甲虫如
北美家天牛(Hylotrupes bajulus)、长毛天牛(Chlorophoruspilosis)、具斑窃蠹(Anobium punctatum)、报死窃蠹(Xestobiumrufovillosum)、梳角细脉窃蠹(Ptilinus pecticornis)、Dendrobium pertinex、松窃蠹(Ernobium mollis)、Priobiumcarpini、褐粉蠹(Lyctus brunneus)、非洲粉蠹(Lyctusafricanus)、南方粉蠹(Lyctus planicollis)、桴粉蠹(Lyctuslinesris)、柔毛粉蠹(Lyctus pubescens)、Trogoxylon aequale、鳞毛粉蠹(Minthes rugicollis)、材小蠹(Xyleborus spec.)、Tryptodendron spec.、咖啡黑长蠹(Apate monachus)、槲长蠹(Bostyrchus capucins)、暗褐长蠹(Heterobostrychusbrunneus)、长蠹属(Sinoxylon spec.)和竹长蠹(Dinoderusminutus)。
革翅目,如
小钢青树蜂(Sirex juvencus)、大树蜂(Urocerus gigas)、U.gigas taignus、U.augur。
白蚁,如
木白蚁(Kalotermes flavicollis)、麻头堆砂白蚁(Cryptotermes brevis)、灰点异白蚁(Heterotermesindicola)、黄胸散白蚁(Reticulitermes flavipes)、Reticulitermes santonecsis、避光散白蚁(Reticulitermeslucifugus)、达尔文澳白蚁(Mastotermes darwiniensis)、湿木白蚁(Zootermopsis nevadensis)和家白蚁(Coptotermesformosanus)。
衣鱼
如西洋衣鱼(Lepisma saccharina)。
在本文中,工业材料应理解为无生命的材料如优选的是塑料、胶水、粘性材料、纸和板、皮革、木材和木制品以及涂料。
木材和木制品是非常特别优选的受保护而使之不被昆虫侵害的材料。
可以用本发明的药剂或含有之的组合物保护的木材和衍生的木制品应理解为有下列含意,例如,建筑木料、木梁、铁道枕木、桥梁组件、船用跳板、木制车辆、板箱、模板、包装箱、电线杆、木质矿道顶木、木制的门窗、胶合板、碎料板、木工的制品、或通常用在建筑或细木工中的木制品。
本发明活性化合物可以以其原样、以其浓缩物或通常的常规制剂使用。所述的常规制剂是例如可湿性粉剂、颗粒剂、溶液、悬浮剂、乳剂或膏剂。
上述制剂可以以本身已知的方式制备,例如通过将活性化合物与至少一种溶剂或稀释剂、乳化剂、分散剂和/或粘合剂或固定剂、防水剂、(如果需要)脱水剂和UV稳定剂和(如果需要)着色剂和染料和其它加工辅助剂混合。
用于保护木材和木制品的杀虫组合物或浓缩物包含浓度为按重量计0.0001至95%,特别是按重量计0.001至60%的活性化合物。
所采用的组合物或浓缩物的量取决于昆虫的种类和密度,以及介质。所用最佳量可以在每种情况下由一系列试验来确定。然而,一般而言,以所要保护的材料为基准,采用按重量计0.0001至20%,优选按重量计0.001至10%的活性化合物已足矣。
所用的溶剂和/或稀释剂是有机化学溶剂或溶剂混合物和/或低挥发性的油性或油样有机化学溶剂或溶剂混合物和/或极性有机化学溶剂或溶剂混合物和/或水,且如果适宜是乳化剂和/或润湿剂。
优选采用的有机化学溶剂是油性或油样溶剂,所述的溶剂具有大于35的挥发度和高于30℃的闪点,优选高于45℃。用作这种油性或油样溶剂的物质是低挥发性的,且不溶于水,这类物质适合的有矿物油或其芳族馏份或是含有矿物油的溶剂混合物,优选是石油溶剂、石油和/或烷基苯。
使用沸程为170到220℃的矿物油、沸程为170到220℃的石油溶剂、沸程为250到350℃的碇子油、沸程为160到280℃的石油或芳族化合物、松节油精等是有利的。
在优选的实施方案中,所用的物质是沸程为180至210℃的液体脂族烃或沸程为180至220℃的脂族和芳族烃的高沸点混合物和/或碇子油和/或单氯萘,优选α-单氯萘。
挥发度高于35且闪点高于30℃,优选高于45℃的低挥发性有机油性或油样溶剂,可以部分地由低或中挥发性的有机化学溶剂置换,其前提条件是,溶剂混合物也具有高于35的挥发度且闪点高于30℃、优选高于45℃,且杀虫剂/杀真菌剂混合物在此溶剂混合物中是可溶的或可乳化的。
在优选的实施方案中,部分有机化学溶剂或溶剂混合物被脂族极性有机化学溶剂或溶剂混合物置换。优选采用的物质是含有羟基和/或酯和/或醚基团的脂族有机化学溶剂,如例如二醇醚、酯类等。
在本发明范围内使用的有机化学粘合剂是本身已知的粘合干性油和/或合成树脂,它们可以用水稀释和/或在所采用的有机化学溶剂中是可溶的、可分散的或可乳化的,特别是那些由如下组分组成,或包含如下组分的粘合剂:丙烯酸树酯、乙烯树脂,例如聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚酯树酯、缩聚或加聚树脂、聚氨酯树脂、醇酸树脂或改性的醇酸树脂、苯酚树脂、烃类树脂如茚-香豆酮树脂、硅氧烷树脂、干性植物油和/或干性油和/或以天然和/或合成树脂为基础的物理干性粘合剂。
用作粘合剂使用的合成树脂可以以乳液、分散液或溶液的形式使用。沥青或沥青状物质也可以用作粘合剂的物质,其量至多为按重量计10%。此外,可以采用特别是着色剂、染料、防水剂、遮味剂和抑制剂或抗腐蚀剂。
根据本发明,组合物或浓缩物优选含有至少一种醇酸树脂或改性醇酸树脂和/或干性植物油作为粘合剂。根据本发明所优选采用的物质是油含量超过按重量计45%,优选50至68%的醇酸树脂。
所有的或部分上述粘合剂可以由固定剂(混合物)或增塑剂(混合物)置换。这些添加剂是旨在防止活性化合物的挥发和结晶或沉淀。它们优选置换0.01至30%的粘合剂(以所用的粘合剂的100%为基准)。
增塑剂来自属于下列化学类的物质:邻苯二甲酸酯类,如邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯或邻苯二甲酸苄基丁基酯,磷酸酯类,如磷酸三丁酯,己二酸酯类,如二(2-乙基己基)己二酸酯,硬脂酸酯,如硬脂酸丁酯或硬脂酸戊酯,油酸酯类,如油酸丁酯,甘油醚类或高分子量二醇醚类、甘油酯类和对甲苯磺酸酯类。
固定剂化学上基于聚乙烯基烷基酯类如聚乙烯基甲基酯,或酮类如二苯甲酮或亚乙基二苯甲酮。
特别适合的溶剂或稀释剂也可以是水,如果适宜是水与一或多种上述有机化学溶剂或稀释剂、乳化剂和分散剂的混合物。
特别有效的木材保护通过工业规模的浸渍工艺,例如真空、双真空或压力工艺的方式获得。
如果适宜,直接可用的组合物还可以包含其它杀虫剂。
可能混合于其中的另外的适合组分优选是WO 94/29 268中提到的杀虫剂。在上述文献中提到的化合物明确地说是本发明申请的一部分。
可以非常特别优选地混合于其中的组分是杀虫剂如毒死蜱、辛硫磷、氟硅菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、甲体氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氯菊酯、吡虫啉、啶虫脒、氟虫脲、氟铃脲和杀虫隆。
本发明活性化合物组合的良好农药活性通过下文的实施例说明。虽然单独活性化合物或已知活性化合物组合的农药活性较弱,但下文实施例的表格中明确表示出本发明活性化合物组合的实测活性大于单独活性化合物活性总和且也大于已知活性化合物组合的活性。
在下文实施例中,使用式(I)活性化合物
同样也使用的杀真菌活性化合物在实施例中给出。
实施例A
辣根猿叶甲幼虫试验
溶剂: 7份重量二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂: 1份重量的烷芳基聚乙二醇醚
制备适合的活性化合物制剂时,将1份重量的活性化合物或活性化合物组合与所述量的溶剂混合,将所述量的乳化剂加入,并用水将此乳油稀释至所需浓度。
将甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)叶片浸入所需浓度的活性化合物制备液,在叶片仍湿润时,移接辣根猿叶甲(Phaedon cochleariae)幼虫。
在所需的一段时间后,测定死亡百分率。100%指甲虫幼虫均被杀死;0%指没有甲虫幼虫被杀死。
在此试验中,例如,与单独施用的活性化合物相比,下列本发明活性化合物组合显示出增效活性:
表A
(植食性昆虫)
辣根猿甲幼虫试验
实施例B
小菜蛾试验
溶剂: 7份重量二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂: 1份重量的烷芳基聚乙二醇醚
制备适合的活性化合物制剂时,将1份重量的活性化合物或活性化合物组合与所述量的溶剂混合,将所述量的乳化剂加入,并用水将此乳油稀释至所需浓度。
将甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)叶片浸入所需浓度的活性化合物制备液,在叶片仍湿润时,移接小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)幼虫。
在所需的一段时间后,测定死亡百分率。100%指所有幼虫均被杀死;0%指没有幼虫被杀死。
在此试验中,例如,与单独施用的活性化合物相比,下列本发明活性化合物组合显示出增效活性:
表B
(植食性昆虫)
小菜蛾试验
实施例C
棉铃虫试验
溶剂: 7份重量二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂: 1份重量的烷芳基聚乙二醇醚
制备适合的活性化合物制剂时,将1份重量的活性化合物或活性化合物组合与所述量的溶剂混合,将所述量的乳化剂加入,并用水将此乳油稀释至所需浓度。
将大豆(Glycine max)苗浸入所需浓度的活性化合物制备液,在叶片仍湿润时,移接棉铃虫(Heliothis virescens)幼虫。
在所需的一段时间后,测定死亡百分率。100%指所有幼虫均被杀死;0%指没有幼虫被杀死。
在此试验中,例如,与单独施用的活性化合物相比,下列本发明活性化合物组合显示出增效活性:
表C
(植食性昆虫)
棉铃虫试验
实施例D
黑尾叶蝉试验
溶剂: 7份重量二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂: 1份重量的烷芳基聚乙二醇醚
制备适合的活性化合物制剂时,将1份重量的活性化合物或活性化合物组合与所述量的溶剂混合,将所述量的乳化剂加入,并用水将此乳油稀释至所需浓度。
将稻(Oryza sativa)苗浸入所需浓度的活性化合物制备液,在叶片仍湿润时,移接黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix cincticeps)。
在所需的一段时间后,测定死亡百分率。100%指所有叶蝉均被杀死;0%指没有叶蝉被杀死。
在此试验中,例如,与单独施用的活性化合物相比,下列本发明活性化合物组合显示出增效活性:
表D
(植食性昆虫)
黑尾叶蝉试验
实施例E
土壤昆虫临界浓度试验
试验昆虫:斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)
溶剂: 4份重量丙酮
乳化剂: 1份重量的烷芳基聚乙二醇醚
制备适合的活性化合物制剂时,将1份重量的活性化合物或活性化合物组合与所述量的溶剂混合,将所述量的乳化剂加入,并用水将此乳油稀释至所需浓度。
活性化合物制剂与土壤彻底混合。在此处,制剂中的活性化合物浓度几乎是无关的;只有每单位土壤中的活性化合物或活性化合物混合物重量(它以ppm(mg/l)表述)是关键的。
将土壤装进0.5升盆中,并将之静置于20℃下。准备之后紧接着将三株预发芽的玉米放入每盆中。在玉米出苗后,针孔防护纸圈(boring sleeves)放在盆上。准备9天后,向玉米移接试验昆虫。再过5天后,测定死亡百分率。100%指所有试验昆虫均被杀死;0%指没有试验昆虫被杀死。
在此试验中,例如,与单独施用的活性化合物相比,下列本发明活性化合物组合显示出增效活性:
表E 1/4
斜纹夜蛾试验
表E 2/4(续)
斜纹夜蛾试验
表E 3/4(续)
斜纹夜蛾试验
表E 4/4(续)
斜纹夜蛾试验
实施例F
根系统作用昆虫临界浓度试验
试验昆虫:辣根猿叶甲(Spodoptera frugiperda)幼虫
溶剂: 4份重量丙酮
乳化剂: 1份重量的烷芳基聚乙二醇醚
制备适合的活性化合物制剂时,将1份重量的活性化合物或活性化合物组合与所述量的溶剂混合,将所述量的乳化剂加入,并用水将此乳油稀释至所需浓度。
活性化合物制剂与土壤彻底混合。在此处,制剂中的活性化合物浓度几乎是无关的;只有每单位土壤中的活性化合物或活性化合物混合物重量(它以ppm(mg/l)表述)是关键的。
将土壤装进250毫升盆中,并种上甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)。由此活性化合物或活性化合物组合可以由植物根从土壤吸收,并转移到叶片。
7天后,将上述试验昆虫移入。再过3天后,测定死亡百分率。100%指所有试验昆虫均被杀死;0%指没有试验昆虫被杀死。
在此试验中,例如,与单独施用的活性化合物相比,下列本发明活性化合物组合显示出增效活性:
表F 1/3
辣根猿叶甲试验
表F 2/3(续)
辣根猿叶甲试验
表F 3/3(续)
辣根猿叶甲试验
活性化合物/活性化合物混合物 | 活性化合物/活性化合物混合物浓度(%) | 杀死率(%) |
式(I)+戊唑醇 | 1.25+20.000.60+20.000.30+20.00 | 1008080 |
式(I)+三唑醇 | 1.25+20.000.60+20.000.30+20.00 | 100100100 |
式(I)+联苯三唑醇 | 1.25+20.000.60+20.000.30+20.00 | 10010070 |
式(I)+拌种咯 | 1.25+20.000.60+20.000.30+20.00 | 10010070 |
式(I)+嘧菌酯 | 1.25+20.000.60+20.000.30+20.00 | 1009050 |
式(I)+甲霜灵 | 1.25+20.000.60+20.000.30+20.00 | 10010050 |
式(I)+丙环唑 | 1.25+20.000.60+20.000.30+20.00 | 10010090 |
实施例G
计算二种活性化合物组合效力的公式。
给定的二种活性化合物组合的预期活性可以如下计算(参见,Colby,S.R.,“计算除草组合的增效与拮抗响应”,杂草15,第20-22页,1967):
如果
X 是当活性化合物A以施用剂量mg/ha施用的效力,以相对于未处理的%表示,
Y 是当活性化合物B以施用剂量ng/ha施用的效力,以相对于未处理的%表示,
E 是当活性化合物A和B以施用剂量m和ng/ha施用的效力,以相对于未处理的%表示,
则 E=X+Y-XY/100
如果实际的杀真菌活性超过计算值,则组合的活性是超加合的,即,存在增效作用。在此情况下,实际观察到的效力必须大于由上述公式计算出的预期效力(E)。
番茄晚疫病保护性试验
溶剂: 47份重量的丙酮
乳化剂:3份重量的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备适合的活性化合物制剂,将1份重量的活性化合物或活性化合物混合物与所述量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并将此乳油用水稀释至所需浓缩,或将活性化合物或活性化合物组合的商品制剂用水稀释至所需浓度。
为试验保护性活性,将幼苗用商品活性化合物制剂用所述施用剂量喷雾。在喷雾液层干燥后,将植株用蔓延疫霉(Phytophthorainfestans)的孢子水悬浮液接种。之后将植株置于大约20℃和100%相对湿度的培养室中。
接种3天后进行评价。0%指效力相应于对照,而100%效力指未观察到感染。
下文表格明显表示出本发明活性化合物组合的实测值大于计算出的效力(见上文),即,存在增效作用。
表G/1
蕃茄晚疫病保护性试验
表G/2
蕃茄晚疫病保护性试验
表G/3
蕃茄晚疫病保护性试验
实施例H
黄瓜白粉病保护性试验
溶剂: 47份重量的丙酮
乳化剂:3份重量的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备适合的活性化合物制剂,将1份重量的活性化合物或活性化合物混合物与所述量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并将此乳油用水稀释至所需浓缩,或将活性化合物或活性化合物组合的商品制剂用水稀释至所需浓度。
为试验保护性活性,将幼苗用商品活性化合物制剂用所述施用剂量喷雾。在喷雾液层干燥后,将植株用苍耳单丝壳菌(Sphaerothecafuliginea)的孢子水悬浮液接种。之后将植株置于大约20℃和100%相对湿度的培养室中。
接种10天后进行评价。0%指效力相应于对照,而100%效力指未观察到感染。
下文表格明显表示出本发明活性化合物组合的实测值大于计算出的效力(见上文),即,存在增效作用。
表H/1
黄瓜白粉病保护性试验
表H/2
黄瓜白粉病保护性试验
实施例I
大豆灰霉病保护性试验
溶剂: 47份重量的丙酮
乳化剂:3份重量的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备适合的活性化合物制剂,将1份重量的活性化合物或活性化合物混合物与所述量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并将此乳油用水稀释至所需浓缩,或将活性化合物或活性化合物组合的商品制剂用水稀释至所需浓度。
为试验保护性活性,将幼苗用商品活性化合物制剂用所述施用剂量喷雾。在喷雾液层干燥后,将2小块有灰色葡萄孢(Botrytiscinerea)菌落的琼脂放置于每片叶上。之后将植株置于大约20℃和100%相对湿度的培养室中。
接种2天后进行评价。0%指效力相应于对照,而100%效力指未观察到感染。
下文表格明显表示出本发明活性化合物组合的实测值大于计算出的效力(见上文),即,存在增效作用。
表I/1
大豆灰霉病保护性试验
表I/2
大豆灰霉病保护性试验
实施例J
小麦赤霉病种子处理试验
将活性化合物以干拌种剂施用。它们通过将所涉及的活性化合物与研碎的矿物粉混合给出确保在种子表面均匀分布的细磨过的混合物而制备。
拌种时,将感染的种子与拌种剂在密封的玻璃瓶中震荡3分钟。
将2×100粒小麦种子在标准土里播种1厘米深,并将小麦在种子容器中在大约18℃温度和相对湿度为大约95%下的温室中栽培,每天光照为15小时。
播种3周后,对植物的病情进行评价。0%指效力相应于对照,而100%效力指未观察到感染。
表J
小麦赤霉病种子处理试验
实施例K
小麦叶锈病保护性试验
溶剂: 25份重量的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺
乳化剂:0.6份重量的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备适合的活性化合物制剂,将1份重量的活性化合物或活性化合物组合与所述量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并将此乳油用水稀释至所需浓缩,或活性化合物或活性化合物组合的商品制剂用水稀释至所需浓度。
为试验保护性活性,将幼苗用活性化合物制剂以所述施用剂量喷雾。在喷雾液层干燥后,将植株用隐匿柄锈菌(Puccinia recondita)的分生孢子悬浮液喷雾接种。之后将植株置于大约20℃和100%相对湿度的培养室48小时。
之后将植株放置于大约20℃和相对湿度80%的温室中促进锈病斑形成。
接种10天后进行评价。0%指效力相应于对照,而100%效力指未观察到感染。
表K
小麦叶锈病保护性试验
实施例L
大麦网斑病保护性试验
溶剂: 25份重量的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺
乳化剂:0.6份重量的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备适合的活性化合物制剂,将1份重量的活性化合物或活性化合物组合与所述量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并将此乳油用水稀释至所需浓度,或活性化合物或活性化合物组合的商品制剂用水稀释至所需浓度。
为试验保护性活性,将幼苗用活性化合物制剂用所述施用剂量喷雾。在喷雾液层干燥后,将植株用园核腔菌(Pyrenophora teres)的分生孢子悬浮液喷雾接种。之后将植株置于大约20℃和100%相对湿度的培养室48小时。
之后将植株放置于大约20℃和相对湿度80%的温室中。
接种7天后进行评价。0%指效力相应于对照,而100%效力指未观察到感染。
表L
大麦网斑病保护性试验
实施例M
大麦白粉病保护性试验
溶剂: 25份重量的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺
乳化剂:0.6份重量的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备适合的活性化合物制剂,将1份重量的活性化合物或活性化合物组合与所述量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并将此乳油用水稀释至所需浓度,或活性化合物或活性化合物组合的商品制剂用水稀释至所需浓度。
为试验保护性活性,将幼苗用活性化合物制剂用所述施用剂量喷雾。
在喷雾液层干燥后,将植株用禾白粉病菌大麦变种(Erysiphegraminis f.sp.hordei)的孢子喷粉。
之后将植株放置于大约20℃和相对湿度80%的温室中促进白粉病斑形成。
接种7天后进行评价。0%指效力相应于对照,而100%效力指未观察到感染。
表M
大麦白粉病保护性试验
实施例N
根系统作用临界浓度试验
试验昆虫:斜纹夜蛾
溶剂: 4份重量丙酮
乳化剂: 1份重量的烷芳基聚乙二醇醚
制备适合的活性化合物制剂时,将1份重量的活性化合物或活性化合物组合与所述量的溶剂混合,将所述量的乳化剂加入,并用水将此乳油稀释至所需浓度。
活性化合物制剂与土壤彻底混合。在此处,制剂中的活性化合物浓度几乎是无关的;只有每单位土壤中的活性化合物或活性化合物混合物重量(它以ppm(mg/l)表述)是关键的。将土壤装进250毫升盆中,并将之在20℃下静置。
在准备好后,紧接着在每盆中种入3粒玉米。准备好14天后,将试验昆虫移入昆虫盒中,让之侵害植株。侵害4天后,通过计数死亡和存活的试验昆虫,测定活性化合物效力。效力100%指所有试验昆虫均被杀死;如果存活的试验昆虫的数量与未处理对照相同,则效力为0%。
表N
斜纹夜蛾试验
实施例O
土壤昆虫临界浓度试验
试验昆虫:土壤中Biabrotica baleata的幼虫
溶剂: 4份重量丙酮
乳化剂: 1份重量的烷芳基聚乙二醇醚
制备适合的活性化合物制剂时,将1份重量的活性化合物或活性化合物组合与所述量的溶剂混合,将所述量的乳化剂加入,并用水将此乳油稀释至所需浓度。在此处,制剂中的活性化合物浓度几乎是无关的;只有每单位土壤中的活性化合物或活性化合物混合物重量(它以ppm(mg/l)表述)是关键的。将土壤装进0.5升盆中,并将之在20℃下静置。
在准备好后,紧接着在每盆中种入5粒玉米。准备好3天后,将试验昆虫移入处理的土壤。再过7天后,测定效力。效力通过出苗的玉米株数来计算。
活性化合物、施用剂量和结果示于下文表格中。
表O
土壤杀虫剂
土壤中的Diabrotica balteata幼虫
表
土壤杀虫剂
土壤中的Diabrotica balteata-幼虫
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