CN116762659A - Cultivation method of conch spring bud seedlings - Google Patents
Cultivation method of conch spring bud seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN116762659A CN116762659A CN202310824301.5A CN202310824301A CN116762659A CN 116762659 A CN116762659 A CN 116762659A CN 202310824301 A CN202310824301 A CN 202310824301A CN 116762659 A CN116762659 A CN 116762659A
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- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation of spring flower buds of conch, and discloses a cultivation method of the spring flower buds of conch, which comprises the following steps: 1. cultivating 'bud seedlings', 1) selecting a mother tree; 2) Harvesting and threshing fruits; 3) Seed treatment; 4) Preparing a nursery; 5) Preparing a bud seedling hotbed; 6) Transplanting sprouts; 7) Observing in a seedling stage; 2. grafting, a) stock cultivation; b) Scion; c) A grafting method; d) Loosely binding; e) And (5) managing afterwards. According to the cultivation method of the spring bud seedlings of the conch, the cultivation mode of bud seedling transplanting is adopted for the spring bud seeds of the conch, the survival rate and the growth speed of the seedlings are greatly improved, the growth speed of the transplanted seedlings is high, the shape and quality indexes of the survival rate, the number of leaves, the leaf size and the like of the transplanted seedlings are basically 2-3 times that of the seedlings without bud seedling transplanting, the grafting survival rate is improved by utilizing the grafting asexual propagation methods such as bud grafting, cutting grafting and the like, and compared with the seedling, the seedling has earlier flowering age, so that a pesticide farmer benefits earlier.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation of spring flower buds of conch, in particular to a cultivation method of spring flower buds of conch.
Background
The sea snail is spring flower, is a good germ plasm resource of magnoliaceae and magnolia peculiar to Anhui in Qing county Dan Jingxiang Deng Lincun sea snail mountain of Anhui province, is a good cultivar of magnolia which is a traditional medicinal material magnolia raw material, and is a good economic support of people in the sea snail mountain at that time since the beginning of the sixteen century, the mountain is named as a Chinese medicine by harvesting flower buds in the stone-like county.
The method is simple and orderly, and the method adopts the spring flower as the stock bud grafting to cultivate the brandy, so that the survival rate is greatly improved, and the original characters of the female parent are furthest saved.
However, in recent years, due to the mixed strings of different kinds of magnolia pollen, and due to improper seed storage and sowing methods, the mixed germplasm, low emergence rate, good and bad seedlings, degradation of varieties, reduced volatile oil content of flower buds and the like of the magnolia pollen, the quality of medicinal bud products is reduced, the reputation and market sales of the product of the spring flowers of the conch are seriously influenced, and the methods of 'bud seedling' transplanting, grafting propagation and the like are urgently needed to realize the purposes of realizing the stout seedlings, pure varieties and stable content of medicinal inclusions of 'magnolia flowers', and promoting the early flowering, early high yield and early benefit of the spring flowers of the conch, so a cultivation method of the bud seedlings of the spring flowers of the conch is proposed to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a cultivation method of the spring bud seedlings of the conch, which has the advantages of improving the bud setting rate of the spring plant, improving the volatile oil content and the like, and solves the problems of hybrid spring germplasm, low emergence rate, good and uneven seedlings, variety degradation, reduced volatile oil content of flower buds and the like, and the quality of the medicinal bud products is reduced, so that the reputation and marketing of the spring product of the conch are seriously influenced.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a cultivation method of a conch spring bud seedling comprises the following steps:
1. seeding and seedling raising-bud seedling cultivation
1) Parent tree selection
Selecting a single plant with good spring-like flower quality on the sea snail mountain with strong growth, full crown, thick fruiting layer, good light transmission, early bud formation, full seed, no plant diseases and insect pests and more than 50 years old as a parent tree, and not mixing other magnolia plants;
2) Fruit harvesting and threshing
The mature period of the fruit of the conch spring flower is 9-10 months, when the complete fruit is polymerized to change from yellow green to reddish brown, the fruit can be harvested when a small amount of seeds like red agate are cracked and exposed;
shearing the full-length Gu fruits with high branch scissors, collecting and spreading on the ground or placing in a well-ventilated room, spreading and airing for 5-7d until the full-length Gu fruits naturally crack, removing fresh red seed grains from the full-length Gu fruits, wherein the meat seed coats contain more aromatic white milk, spreading the white milk on the ventilation place, so that the seed embryos which are not fully mature can be obtained from the white milk of the meat exocarp through the seed umbilicus;
3) Seed treatment
The fresh red seeds removed from the whole fruits in the step 2) are placed in an indoor ventilation place for spreading and airing for 5-7d, when the color of the whole fruits is changed, the fresh red seeds are mixed with sand and rubbed, then the fresh red seeds are washed by clear water, the false seed coats are removed, and the washed seeds are prevented from being exposed to sunlight so as not to influence the germination rate;
for the removed seeds, firstly, using clear water to float out empty seed grains and fruit peel pulp, and using the water to select seed grains which are sunk at the bottom of a barrel (basin) and are black brown or tan and have bone seed coats, namely, full high-quality seeds;
the navel is attached with a filiform and elastic fake pearl handle, so that the navel is often provided with residual fleshy seed coats, is difficult to wash cleanly, and is easy to cause mildew and rot in the storage period in the future, so that the embryo is necrotic;
therefore, when the first seed treatment is carried out, river sand is used for stirring uniformly, repeated scrubbing is carried out for several times, and organic matters attached to the concave seed umbilicus are thoroughly removed, so that the phenomenon of mildew and seed rot can be avoided during the seed storage period;
4) Preparation of garden
And (3) garden selection: the nursery should be set in proper place, the nursery should be chosen to be flat, leeward and sunny, the soil is deep, loose, moist and fertile, the soil layer thickness is generally required to be more than 80cm, the groundwater level is less than 1m, the pH value is 4.5-6.5, and the drainage and irrigation are required to be smooth;
preparing land: soil treatment and improvement: deep turning the nursery at the end of autumn and winter, setting up drainage and irrigation facilities with depth of 25-30cm, applying cake fertilizer or compound fertilizer 100-200kg per mu, preparing soil before 3 months of the next year, and making a bed with width of 1.0-1.5m, height of 20-30cm and pavement ditch width of 40-50cm, wherein accumulated water can be drained and drought can be irrigated;
5) Bud seedling warm bed manufacturing
And (3) manufacturing a hotbed: 1-2 months, using fine sand as a bed at the position of preventing wind from facing sun, sterilizing after the seedling bed is finished, horizontally arranging the treated seeds on the bed surface after 10-15 days, paving a layer of fine sand (preferably without seeds), immediately spraying water, and buckling a arched film;
transplanting time: accelerating germination of the seeds for 10-15 days, starting seedling emergence, and starting seedling transplanting when the embryo axes of the buds extend to 5-6cm and cotyledons extend to 2.5-3cm, and primary roots are formed;
6) Bud seedling transplanting
4-5 months in the next year, when the seed sprouts in the step 5) meet the transplanting conditions, the sprout transplanting work can be carried out;
the transplanting method comprises the following steps: preparing a transplanting seedling bed with the width of 100-120cm and the height of 20-30cm, setting a transplanting row spacing of 25cm, pulling the transplanting row spacing into lines, spraying water to thoroughly wet soil, and planting sprouts separated from the greenhouse at a plant spacing of 25cm after the soil is slightly dry;
during planting, firstly pulling open soil by using bamboo chips, then planting bud seedlings, spreading saw dust or rice hulls among rows for moisturizing, and preventing the ground surface from cracking;
7) Seedling stage observation
In the seedlings cultivated in two seedling cultivation modes of 'bud seedling' transplanting and 'bud seedling' transplanting, randomly extracting 50 seedlings of 6 months in seedling age, and carrying out data comparison on the height, the ground diameter, the number of leaves and the length and width of the leaves;
2. grafting
a) Stock cultivation
1-2 years old, the spring flowers of conch with the ground diameter of 0.8-1.2cm or the seedlings of magnolia alba are adopted as the stock;
b) Scion
Selecting a pure conch spring flower excellent parent plant, collecting spikes which are positioned at the middle upper part of a crown and have diameters of 0.8-1.2cm and no plant diseases and insect pests;
c) Grafting method
Cutting and grafting, wherein the cutting and grafting time is preferably 2-3 months in spring, and when the stock just shoots, the stock is cut into 3-6cm spike segments with 1-2 strong buds by annual spike strips with full development and full leaf buds;
the bud grafting is carried out by using full leaf buds on the current annual lignified strong branches, the time is preferably 8-9 months, the size of a peeling part on the stock is required to be equal to that of a square bud sheet, and when a grafting part is wrapped by a plastic belt, bud eyes are exposed so that the buds grow after grafting survival;
d) Loose binding
In the cutting or bud grafting, the grafting film is not loosened in the current year so as to avoid the scion from being broken by strong wind after surviving, and the grafting film at the junction of the scion and the stock is loosened or cut off in time in the next 2 months after the scion is inspected to meet the survival standard;
e) Post-connection management
Besides the traditional water fertilizer and pest control management, when the new tips of the scions grow to 15-20cm, the tips of the scions need to be cut off in time to promote the germination of lateral buds, so that plump crowns suitable for picking the buds can be formed early.
Preferably, the parent tree selected in step 1) also needs to meet the following conditions, such as dense flower buds, no obvious insect pest and strong stress resistance.
Preferably, in the step 2), the full fruit is a dried fruit which is dried and cracked when the peel is ripe, and the piled ground is required to be well ventilated and have no direct sunlight.
Preferably, the thickness of the seed in the step 3) is not more than 2cm, and the seed needs to be turned over 2-3 times each day.
Preferably, in the step 3), the fresh red exocarp is washed with clear water when the exocarp turns from red to black, turns from hard to soft and turns from smooth to shrink.
Preferably, the nursery in the step 4) should be located in a place with convenient transportation, sufficient labor and water source and power supply.
Preferably, the length of the warm bed in the step 5) is not limited, the bed height is 20-25cm, and the sterilization in the step 5) is carried out by firstly carrying out primary sterilization by formalin solution and then covering a film for fumigation and secondary sterilization.
Preferably, the bud seedling satisfying the transplanting condition in the step 6) needs that the embryo axis of the bud is extended to 5-6cm, the cotyledon is extended to 2.5-3cm, 1 primary leaf grows out and 4 lateral roots are rotten under the root neck.
Preferably, the superior parent strain in the step 1) requires 50 years or more of tree age, and has the characteristics of strong growth, dense and large buds and high volatile oil content.
Preferably, the scions in the step c) are picked up and grafted at the same time, scions which cannot be used up in the same day can be sealed by loose wax to preserve moisture, and the scions are stored at a low temperature for standby.
(III) beneficial effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a cultivation method of the conch spring bud seedling, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the cultivation method of the spring bud seedlings of the conch, the survival rate and the growth speed of the seedlings are greatly improved by adopting a bud seedling transplanting cultivation mode for the spring bud seeds of the conch, the seedlings grow well after the bud seedlings are transplanted, the growth speed is high, and the shape and quality indexes of the survival rate, the seedling height, the ground diameter, the number of leaves, the leaf size and the like are basically 2-3 times that of the seedlings without bud seedling transplantation.
2. According to the cultivation method of the conch spring bud seedlings, the formalin solution is used for primary disinfection of the hotbed, and then the film is covered for fumigation secondary disinfection, so that damage of plant diseases and insect pests to the seedlings is effectively prevented, the resistance of the seedlings is improved, and the bud seedlings are promoted to thrive.
3. According to the cultivation method of the spring bud seedlings of the conch, through transplanting cultivation of the bud seedlings, the bud seedlings are stored in a warm bed in the early sand of 1 month in winter, the water-permeable buckle is sprayed for heat preservation, the bud seedlings begin to sprout in 3 months in spring, transplanting is carried out until 4-5 month bud seedlings grow to 2-3 true leaves, compared with the traditional mode that seeds are stacked in indoor sand for winter, a small amount of seeds are split and planted in the ground after being exposed in the early 2 months to 3 months in spring in the next year, the condition of the bud Miao Sha storage cultivated by transplanting is more excellent, the bud seedling development state is better, the emergence rate is high, the seedling growth vigor is good, and the quality of the spring flower tree plant of the conch is further improved.
4. According to the cultivation method of the spring bud seedlings of the conch, the buds are used as medicinal magnolia flower with purer quality through the vegetative propagation methods such as bud grafting, cutting grafting and the like, the volatile oil content of the buds is improved, the product quality is improved, the reputation and the market sales of the spring bud products of the conch are further improved, and the bud quality is earlier than the initial flower age of the seedlings, so that a medicinal pesticide benefits earlier.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of fruit picking according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a thermal bed according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view showing the development of the bud seedling according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a view of a scion stalk and grafted seedlings according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a diagram of a bud of a two-year grafting Miao Di according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Examples:
1. seeding and seedling raising-bud seedling cultivation
1) Parent tree selection
Selecting a single plant with good spring flower quality on the conch mountain with strong growth, thick fruiting layer, good light transmission, early bud formation, full seeds, no plant diseases and insect pests and more than 50 years old as a parent tree, and not mixing other magnolia plants;
in addition, the parent tree also needs to meet the following conditions, such as plump tree crowns, good light transmittance, dense flower buds, plump seeds, no obvious plant diseases and insect pests and strong stress resistance;
2) Fruit harvesting and threshing
The mature period of the fruit of the conch spring flower is 9-10 months, when the complete fruit is polymerized to change from yellow green to reddish brown, the fruit can be harvested when a small amount of seeds like red agate are cracked and exposed;
shearing the full-length Gu fruits with high branch scissors, collecting and spreading on the ground or placing in a well-ventilated room, spreading and airing for 5-7d until the full-length Gu fruits naturally crack, removing fresh red seed grains from the full-length Gu fruits, wherein the meat seed coats contain more aromatic white milk, and then spreading the fresh red seed grains in the ventilation room to enable seed embryos which are not fully mature to continuously obtain nutrition from the white milk of the meat exocarp through the seed umbilicus;
a specific physical diagram can be seen in fig. 1;
3) Seed treatment
Spreading and airing fresh red seeds removed from the fruits in the step 2) at an indoor ventilation position for 5-7d, wherein the thickness of the seeds is not more than 2cm, turning over for 2-3 times every day, and rubbing and washing off the seed coats when the fresh red exocarp turns from red to black and turns from hard to soft and turns from smooth to shrinkage;
the step of rubbing and washing off the seed coats is to soak the seed coats which are blackened and softened into clear water, change water once every 12 hours, soak for 24 hours, mix and rub the water-absorbing and expanding seed coats with river sand, so that the seed coats with bone hard coats are extruded from the meat outer coats;
the method is characterized in that when the seed husking treatment is carried out for the first time, river sand is required to be stirred uniformly for a plurality of times to scrub, and organic matters attached to the concave seed umbilicus are thoroughly washed, so that the phenomenon of mildew and rotten seeds can not occur during the storage of the seeds;
for the removed seeds, the seeds with the sunk black brown or tan bone seed coats are selected by water, namely, empty seed grains and pericarp pulp are firstly rinsed by clear water, and the seed grains with the sunk black brown or tan bone seed coats at the bottom of the barrel are fished out;
4) Preparation of garden
And (3) garden selection: the nursery should be set up in the place of the convenient transportation, the labour is sufficient, there is water source, power, the nursery is suitable for choosing the topography to be relatively flat, leeward to the sun, the soil is deep, loose, moist, sandy loam-loam, generally require soil layer thickness above 80cm, under 1m, pH value 4.5-6.5, and require irrigation and drainage unblocked;
preparing land: soil treatment and improvement: deep turning the nursery at the end of autumn and winter, setting up drainage and irrigation facilities with depth of 25-30cm, applying cake fertilizer or compound fertilizer 100-200kg per mu, preparing soil before 3 months of the next year, and making a bed with width of 1.0-1.5m, height of 20-30cm and pavement ditch width of 40-50cm, wherein accumulated water can be drained and drought can be irrigated;
5) Bud seedling warm bed manufacturing
And (3) manufacturing a hotbed: 1-2 months, using fine sand as a bed at the position of preventing wind from facing sun, wherein the length is not limited, the height of the bed is 20-25cm, sterilizing with formalin solution after the seedling bed is finished, covering a film for sealing and sterilizing, horizontally arranging the treated seeds on the surface of the bed after 10-15 days, paving a layer of fine sand (the seeds are not seen), immediately spraying water, and buckling a arched film;
transplanting time: accelerating germination of the seeds for 10-15 days, starting seedling emergence, and starting seedling transplanting when the embryo axes of the buds extend to 5-6cm and cotyledons extend to 2.5-3cm, and primary roots are formed;
a detailed physical diagram can be seen in fig. 2;
6) Bud seedling transplanting
4-5 months in the next year, when the seed sprouts in the step 5) meet the transplanting conditions, the sprout transplanting work can be carried out;
the transplanting method comprises the following steps: preparing a transplanting seedling bed with the width of 100-120cm and the height of 20-30cm, setting a transplanting row spacing of 25cm, pulling the transplanting row spacing into lines, spraying water to thoroughly wet soil, and planting sprouts separated from the greenhouse at a plant spacing of 25cm after the soil is slightly dry;
during planting, firstly pulling open soil by using bamboo chips, then planting bud seedlings, spreading saw dust or rice hulls among rows for moisturizing, and preventing land from dry cracking;
it should be noted that: after the sprouts leave the hotbed, in order to prevent the sprouts from being dehydrated, wet towels are covered or the sprouts are placed in a clean water basin, so that the water in the basin is not excessive, and the bottom of the basin is immersed;
7) Seedling stage observation
Comparing two seedling raising modes of transplanting without 'bud seedlings' and transplanting 'bud seedlings', wherein the two seedling raising modes are basically consistent in links such as seed treatment and the like;
the difference is that: the seedling cultivation mode without 'bud seedling' transplanting is that seeds are piled up in indoor sand to be stored in winter, and seeds are sowed in the ground after a small amount of cracks appear white in the seed grains from the bottom of 2 months to the beginning of 3 months in spring in the next year;
the 'bud seedling' transplanting cultivation mode is that sand is stored in a sowing bed at the beginning of 1 month in winter, water is sprayed immediately, arch films are buckled for heat preservation, germination starts in 3 months in spring, and transplanting is performed when 2-3 true leaves are grown in 4-5 months;
in the seedlings cultivated by two seedling cultivation modes of 'bud seedling' transplanting and 'bud seedling' transplanting, 50 seedlings with 6 months of seedling age are randomly extracted, and the conclusion can be obtained by carrying out data comparison on the height, the ground diameter, the number of leaves and the length and width of the leaves: seedlings transplanted by 'sprouts' grow more robustly, have higher growth speed and higher survival rate;
the shape and quality indexes of the seedlings such as the survival rate, the seedling height, the ground diameter, the number of leaves, the leaf size and the like are 2-3 times of those of the seedlings which are not transplanted with 'bud seedlings';
the comparison of the production conditions of the sprouts and the seedlings is shown in Table 1;
see also the bud seedling development diagram in fig. 3;
TABLE 1 comparison of seedling production for different breeding modes
Wherein the blade and the blade width are the average value of the 3 rd blade under the top blade;
2. grafting
a) Stock cultivation
The method for sowing the stock is the same as the method for cultivating the seedling by transplanting the 'bud' and adopts the conch spring flower or the magnolia alba seedling which grows for 1-2 years and has the ground diameter of 0.8-1.2cm as the stock;
the strong stock spike affinity and the high grafting survival rate are beneficial to the vigorous growth of grafted seedling plants and the stable and high yield of flower buds;
b) Scion
Selecting a single plant with good spring-like flower quality, which is strong in growth, full in crown, thick in fruiting layer, good in light transmission, early in bud formation, full in seed, free of plant diseases and insect pests, and more than 50 years old in tree age and located in a sea snail mountain as a parent tree, and collecting spike strips with diameters of 0.8-1.2cm and no plant diseases and insect pests and located at the middle upper part of the crown;
c) Grafting method
Cutting and bud grafting is adopted, the cutting and grafting time is preferably 2-3 months in spring, when the stock just shoots, annual growth is used for enriching, the leaf buds are full in branches, the scions are cut into scions with the length of 3-6cm, and 1-2 strong buds are carried out;
the scions which cannot be used up in the same day can be picked up and grafted at the same time, and the scions can be sealed by loose wax to preserve moisture and stored at low temperature for later use;
the bud grafting is carried out by using full leaf buds on the current annual lignified strong branches, and the time is preferably 8-9 months;
it should be noted that the size of the peeling part on the stock is required to be equal to that of the square bud piece, when the grafting part is wrapped by the plastic belt, bud eyes are exposed so that the bud can grow after grafting survival;
by utilizing grafting asexual propagation methods such as 'bud grafting', 'cut grafting', the grafting survival rate can be improved, and compared with seedlings, the method has earlier flowering age, so that a pesticide can benefit early;
the project implements the methods in spring and autumn respectively, and experiments prove that the survival rate of bud grafting in autumn is highest, and the bud grafting in spring is cut and grafted next time;
see table 2 for details;
see also the scion stalk grafting seedling diagram of fig. 4;
the bud pattern of the two-year grafting Miao Di can be seen in FIG. 5;
table 2 comparison of survival rates of different grafting methods
d) Loose binding
In the cutting or bud grafting, the grafting film is not loosened in the current year so as to prevent the scion from being broken by strong wind after surviving, and after the scion meets the survival standard, the grafting film at the junction of the scion and the stock is loosened or cut off in time in the next 2 months of the year so as to prevent the skin of the junction from seriously sinking due to long-time constraint, thereby influencing the later growth and harvesting of the flower buds;
e) Post-connection management
Besides the traditional water fertilizer and pest control management, when the new tips of the scions grow to 15-20cm, the tips of the scions need to be cut off in time to promote the germination of lateral buds, so that plump crowns suitable for picking flower buds can be formed early.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: through the transplanting cultivation of the bud seedling, the bud seedling is stored in a warm bed in 1 month in winter, the water is sprayed and covered with an arch film for heat preservation, the bud seedling starts to sprout in 3 months in spring, and is transplanted until 4-5 months of bud seedling grows to 2-3 true leaves, compared with the traditional mode of stacking seeds in the indoor sand for winter and sowing the seeds in the ground after a small number of split holes of the seeds are exposed to the white in 2 months at the beginning of the spring in the next year, the transplanting cultivation bud Miao Sha is more excellent in condition, the bud seedling development state is better, the seedling survival rate and growth speed are greatly improved by adopting the bud seedling transplanting cultivation mode for the spring flower seeds of the conch, the seedling growth is strong after the bud seedling transplanting, the growth speed is high, the survival rate is extremely high, the survival rate, the seedling ground diameter, the number of leaves, the leaf size and other shape indexes are basically 2-3 times that of the seedling without the bud seedling transplanting, and compared with the traditional mode of planting the seedling in the ground, the seedling emergence rate, the bud grafting, the flower volatile oil content is higher, the flower bud grafting and the flower bud grafting quantity is earlier, and the market is improved, and the market is further improved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The cultivation method of the conch spring flower bud seedling is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1. seeding and seedling raising-bud seedling cultivation
1) Parent tree selection
Selecting a single plant with good spring-like flower quality on the sea snail mountain with strong growth, full crown, thick fruiting layer, good light transmission, early bud formation, full seed, no plant diseases and insect pests and more than 50 years old as a parent tree, and not mixing other magnolia plants;
2) Fruit harvesting and threshing
The mature period of the fruit of the conch spring flower is 9-10 months, when the complete fruit is polymerized to change from yellow green to reddish brown, the fruit can be harvested when a small amount of seeds like red agate are cracked and exposed;
shearing the full-length Gu fruits with high branch scissors, collecting and spreading on the ground or placing in a well-ventilated room, spreading and airing for 5-7d until the full-length Gu fruits naturally crack, removing fresh red seed grains from the full-length Gu fruits, wherein the meat seed coats contain more aromatic white milk, spreading the white milk on the ventilation place, so that the seed embryos which are not fully mature can be obtained from the white milk of the meat exocarp through the seed umbilicus;
3) Seed treatment
The fresh red seeds removed from the whole fruits in the step 2) are placed in an indoor ventilation place for spreading and airing for 5-7d, when the color of the whole fruits is changed, the fresh red seeds are mixed with sand and rubbed, then the fresh red seeds are washed by clear water, the false seed coats are removed, and the washed seeds are prevented from being exposed to sunlight so as not to influence the germination rate;
for the removed seeds, firstly, using clear water to float out empty seed grains and fruit peel pulp, and using the water to select seed grains which are sunk at the bottom of a barrel (basin) and are black brown or tan and have bone seed coats, namely, full high-quality seeds;
the navel is attached with a filiform and elastic fake pearl handle, so that the navel is often provided with residual fleshy seed coats, is difficult to wash cleanly, and is easy to cause mildew and rot in the storage period in the future, so that the embryo is necrotic;
therefore, when the first seed treatment is carried out, river sand is used for stirring uniformly, repeated scrubbing is carried out for several times, and organic matters attached to the concave seed umbilicus are thoroughly removed, so that the phenomenon of mildew and seed rot can be avoided during the seed storage period;
4) Preparation of garden
And (3) garden selection: the nursery should be set in the suitable place, the nursery should be chosen to be relatively flat in topography, leeward, sunward, deep, loose, moist, fertile sandy loam-loam, generally require soil layer thickness above 80cm, below 1m of groundwater level, pH value 4.5-6.5, and require irrigation and drainage unblocked;
preparing land: soil treatment and improvement: deep turning the nursery at the end of autumn and winter, setting up drainage and irrigation facilities with depth of 25-30cm, applying cake fertilizer or compound fertilizer 100-200kg per mu, preparing soil before 3 months of the next year, and making a bed with width of 1.0-1.5m, height of 20-30cm and pavement ditch width of 40-50cm, wherein accumulated water can be drained and drought can be irrigated;
5) Bud seedling warm bed manufacturing
And (3) manufacturing a hotbed: 1-2 months, using fine sand as a bed at the position of preventing wind from facing sun, sterilizing after the seedling bed is finished, horizontally arranging the treated seeds on the bed surface after 10-15 days, paving a layer of fine sand (preferably without seeds), immediately spraying water, and buckling a arched film;
transplanting time: accelerating germination of the seeds for 10-15 days, starting seedling emergence, and starting seedling transplanting when the embryo axes of the buds extend to 5-6cm and cotyledons extend to 2.5-3cm, and primary roots are formed;
6) Bud seedling transplanting
4-5 months in the next year, when the seed sprouts in the step 5) meet the transplanting conditions, the sprout transplanting work can be carried out;
the transplanting method comprises the following steps: preparing a transplanting seedling bed with the width of 100-120cm and the height of 20-30cm, setting a transplanting row spacing of 25cm, pulling the transplanting row spacing into lines, spraying water to thoroughly wet soil, and planting sprouts separated from the greenhouse at a plant spacing of 25cm after the soil is slightly dry;
during planting, firstly pulling open soil by using bamboo chips, then planting bud seedlings, spreading saw dust or rice hulls among rows for moisturizing, and preventing the ground surface from cracking;
7) Seedling stage observation
In the seedlings cultivated in two seedling cultivation modes of 'bud seedling' transplanting and 'bud seedling' transplanting, randomly extracting 50 seedlings of 6 months in seedling age, and carrying out data comparison on the height, the ground diameter, the number of leaves and the length and width of the leaves;
2. grafting
a) Stock cultivation
1-2 years old, the spring flowers of conch with the ground diameter of 0.8-1.2cm or the seedlings of magnolia alba are adopted as the stock;
b) Scion
Selecting a pure conch spring flower excellent parent plant, collecting spikes which are positioned at the middle upper part of a crown and have diameters of 0.8-1.2cm and no plant diseases and insect pests;
c) Grafting method
Cutting and grafting, wherein the cutting and grafting time is preferably 2-3 months in spring, and when the stock just shoots, the stock is cut into 3-6cm spike segments with 1-2 strong buds by annual spike strips with full development and full leaf buds;
the bud grafting is carried out by using full leaf buds on the current annual lignified strong branches, the time is preferably 8-9 months, the size of a peeling part on the stock is required to be equal to that of a square bud sheet, and when a grafting part is wrapped by a plastic belt, bud eyes are exposed so that the buds grow after grafting survival;
d) Loose binding
In the cutting or bud grafting, the grafting film is not loosened in the current year so as to avoid the scion from being broken by strong wind after surviving, and the grafting film at the junction of the scion and the stock is loosened or cut off in time in the next 2 months after the scion is inspected to meet the survival standard;
e) Post-connection management
Besides the traditional water fertilizer and pest control management, when the new tips of the scions grow to 15-20cm, the tips of the scions need to be cut off in time to promote the germination of lateral buds, so that plump crowns suitable for picking the buds can be formed early.
2. The method for cultivating the spring bud seedlings of the conch according to claim 1, wherein the parent tree selected in the step 1) is required to meet the following conditions, such as dense buds, no obvious plant diseases and insect pests and strong stress resistance.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said frame in step 2) is a dried fruit that is dried and cracked when the pericarp is ripe, and said stacked ground is well ventilated and has no direct sunlight.
4. The method for cultivating the spring bud seedling of the conch according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the seed grains in the step 3) is not more than 2cm, and the seed grains need to be turned 2-3 times per day.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the process of step 3) is characterized in that the bright red exocarp is washed with clear water when the exocarp is changed from red to black, from hard to soft and from smooth to shrinking.
6. The method for cultivating the spring bud seedlings of the conch according to claim 1, wherein the nursery in the step 4) is arranged at a place with convenient transportation, sufficient labor and water source and power supply.
7. The cultivation method of the conch spring bud seedling according to claim 1, wherein the length of a warm bed in the step 5) is not limited, the height of the bed is 20-25cm, and the disinfection in the step 5) is to carry out primary disinfection by using formalin solution and then cover film fumigation for secondary disinfection.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the bud seedling satisfying the transplanting condition in the step 6) requires that the embryo axis of the bud be elongated to 5-6cm, that the cotyledon be elongated to 2.5-3cm, that 1 primary leaf be grown out and that 4 lateral roots be rotten under the root neck.
9. The method for cultivating the spring bud seedlings of the conch according to claim 1, wherein the fine parent strain in the step 1) is required to have a tree age of more than 50 years, and has the characteristics of strong growth, dense and large buds and high volatile oil content.
10. The method for cultivating the spring bud seedlings of the conch according to claim 1, wherein the scions in the step c) are picked and grafted at the same time, scions which cannot be used up in the same day can be sealed by loose wax to preserve moisture, and the scions can be stored at a low temperature for standby.
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