CN1160381C - 含双席夫碱配体的烯烃聚合催化剂及制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
含双席夫碱配体的烯烃聚合催化剂及制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种烯烃聚合催化剂,具有如式(I)所示的结构表达式,式(I)中R1选自氢、C1~C12的烷基、C1~C12的烷氧基或C6~C12的芳基,R2、R2′分别选自氢或C1~C4的烷基,R3选自氢、C1~C12的烷基、C1~C12烷氧基或C6~C12的芳基,M选自Ti、Zr或Hf。该催化剂适用于烯烃聚合,可得到高分子量和高共聚单体插入率的聚合产品。
Description
技术领域
本发明为一种烯烃聚合催化剂及制备方法与应用,具体地说,是一种含双席夫碱配体的过渡金属化合物及制备方法与该化合物作为主催化剂进行烯烃均聚或共聚的方法。
背景技术
在烯烃聚合领域,非茂类烯烃聚合催化剂与茂金属催化剂相比,在某些方面显示出一定的优势,如合成催化剂的配体范围大大拓宽,某些配合物可催化极性单体与α-烯烃共聚合,调控配体取代基可催化乙烯齐聚等。V.C.Gibson(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.1999.38.P428)全面总结论述了各种非茂类烯烃聚合催化体系,其活性中心金属涉及第III至第X副族金属。CN1225645A中公开了用于烯烃聚合的二齿配体所形成的后过渡金属催化剂,其配体为亚胺类,中心金属选自第9~11族的金属。
EP0874005A中首次公开了一类双席夫碱[N,O]配位的烯烃聚合催化体系,该类配合物中的金属元素M选自3~11副族的金属,其公开的非桥联配合物具有如下的结构式:
式中R1选自氢、卤素或烷基,该专利特别指出,位于羟基邻位的取代基最好为卤素、C3~C20的带有支链的烷基,若这一位置无取代基或取代基为甲基、乙基等小的烷基,则其聚合活性较低。该类催化剂的主要优点是催化乙烯聚合时,催化活性与普通茂金属相当,而制得的聚乙烯分子量较用茂金属催化剂要高得多,且分子量分布较宽,其不足是共聚能力低,用于乙烯与α-烯烃共聚时,分子量下降幅度大,共聚单体插入率不足4重%。
茂金属催化体系的一个突出优点是具有非常好的共聚合能力。这对获得低密度聚乙烯塑性体,甚至弹性体非常有利。但是,茂金属催化剂的致命弱点在于催化乙烯与α-烯烃共聚合时,随着共聚单体插入率的增加,聚合物分子量下降很大,以至于很难获得同时具有高分子量和高共聚单体含量(高支化度)的聚乙烯。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一类含双席夫碱配体的烯烃聚合催化剂及该类催化剂的制备方法。
本发明的另一个目的是提供应用上述催化剂进行烯烃聚合的方法。
我们通过研究发现,在双席夫碱配体的过渡金属催化剂中,引入一个环戊二烯基配体,可使α-烯烃共聚合获得较高分子量、高共聚单体含量的聚烯烃产品。如用这种催化剂进行乙烯与己烯共聚合,在己烯插入率达到4.34重%时,聚合产品的分子量Mw可达57万。
具体实施方式
本发明提供的烯烃聚合催化剂,具有如式(I)所示的结构表达式,
式(I)中R1选自氢、C1~C12的烷基、C1~C12的烷氧基或C6~C12的芳基,R2、R2′分别选自氢或C1~C4的烷基,R3选自氢、C1~C12的烷基、C1~C12烷氧基或C6~C12的芳基,M选自Ti、Zr或Hf。
式(I)中R1是亚水杨基苯环上的取代基,优选氢或C1~C3的烷基,如甲基、乙基或丙基,取代位可为3~6位,优选3位或5位取代、即取代基位于羟基的邻位或对位。
式(I)中R2、R2′为苯胺环上的取代基,优选氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基或异丁基。R2、R2′可相同或不同,二者相同时,优选同时为氢、甲基或异丙基,二者不同时,优选一个取代基为氢或C1~C4的烷基,另一个取代基为C1~C4的烷基,如一个取代基为氢,另一个取代基为甲基、乙基或丙基。
R3为环戊二烯骨架上的取代基,优选氢或C1~C4的烷基,如甲基、乙基,更为优选的是氢。
M为过渡金属,优选Ti。
本发明所述催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将式(II)所示的席夫碱配体化合物与烷基碱金属化合物在有机介质中反应,生成席夫碱配合物的碱金属盐,式(II)中R1选自氢、C1~C12的烷基、C1~C12的烷氧基或C6~C12的芳基,R2、R2′选自氢或C1~C4的烷基,
(2)将席夫碱配合物的碱金属盐在有机介质中与表达式为CpMCl3的环戊二烯基金属氯化物反应,除去溶剂,残余物用有机溶剂洗涤、过滤,将滤液重结晶;所述CpMCl3中M为Ti、Zr或Hf,Cp为单取代的环戊二烯基,取代基R3选自氢、C1~C12的烷基、C1~C12烷氧基或C6~C12的芳基。
所述(1)步为制备配体碱金属盐的反应,其适宜的反应温度为-78~25℃,特别是反应开始时应保持低温,以保证反应温度不会过快升高,防止生成副产物。所述的烷基碱金属化合物优选烷基锂,更优选丁基锂。合成配体盐时,配体与烷基金属化合物的摩尔比为0.1~2.0∶1,反应时间优选0.1~24小时。
(2)步反应的适宜温度为-78~25℃,时间优选0.5~24小时。反应时席夫碱配合物的碱金属盐与CpMCl3的摩尔比为1.0~2.0∶1。CpMCl3化合物中M优选钛,Cp优选环戊二烯基。
上述(1)、(2)两步中所用有机介质选自四氢呋喃或乙醚,优选四氢呋喃。(2)步用于洗涤的有机溶剂选自乙醚、苯、甲苯、正己烷、石油醚或它们的混合物。
制备(1)步式(II)所示配合物的方法为:将式(II)所示结构式中相应的苯胺化合物,如苯胺、2,6-二异丙基苯胺与相应的水杨醛化合物按等摩尔比在乙醇中缩合脱水,反应在回流温度下进行,时间为0.1~10小时即可。反应完毕,降至室温,将析出固体过滤、除去溶剂,即得式(II)的配体化合物。
本发明优选的配体化合物有:亚水杨基苯胺、亚水杨基2,6-二异丙基苯胺、亚水杨基2-异丙基苯胺、亚水杨基2,6-二甲基苯胺、亚水杨基2,6-二乙基苯胺、5-甲基亚水杨基苯胺、5-甲基亚水杨基2,6-二异丙基苯胺、5-乙基亚水杨基2,6-二异丙基苯胺。
所述(2)步CpMCl3化合物可用如下方法制备:在有机介质存在下使环戊二烯及其衍生物的钠盐与MCl4按等摩尔比进行反应即可。
本发明催化剂适用于α-烯烃均聚或共聚。聚合方法是以本发明催化剂为主催化剂,以烷基铝氧烷为助催化剂,使α-烯烃或α-烯烃与共聚单体在10~110℃,0.1~1.0MPa条件下聚合。聚合时助催化剂中的铝与主催化剂中的金属摩尔比为100~1500∶1,优选200~1000∶1。
聚合使用的α-烯烃优选乙烯或丙烯,共聚单体优选丁烯、己烯或辛烯。聚合方式可为本体聚合、淤浆聚合或气相聚合。
下面通过实例进一步说明本发明,但本发明不限于此。
实例1
制备二(亚水杨基苯胺基)-(环戊二烯基)氯化钛。
(1)制备配体化合物亚水杨基苯胺
取24.4g(0.2mol)水杨醛(中国医药(集团)上海化学试剂公司)和18.63g(0.2mol)苯胺(中国上海试剂一厂)加入到100ml乙醇介质中,搅拌下加热至回流,反应2小时,冷却至室温,即有大量晶体产生。过滤、固体用30ml乙醇溶剂重结晶,得到黄绿色晶体,即配体亚水杨基苯胺37.5g。产率95%。
(2)制备亚水杨基苯胺的锂盐
在100ml Schlenk瓶中加入2.686g(13.6mmol)亚水杨基苯胺和30ml四氢呋喃,将溶液冷却至-70℃,在搅拌下滴加6.77ml(2.0113mol·L-1,13.6mmol)丁基锂,滴加完毕,自然升至室温,搅拌3小时,得亚水杨基苯胺锂盐的四氢呋喃溶液。
(3)制备催化剂
将上述亚水杨基苯胺锂盐的四氢呋喃溶液,冷却至-70℃,并在该温度下慢慢滴加到2.987g(13.6mmol)CpTiCl3的30ml四氢呋喃溶液中,然后自然升至室温,搅拌过夜。减压下将反应液抽干,加入100ml乙醚,过滤,将滤液在-20℃放置18小时,析出1.84g棉花状的晶体催化剂A:二(亚水杨基苯胺)-(环戊二烯基)氯化钛,产率25%。分子式:C31H25O2N2TiCl,结构式如下:
元素分析值(重%)为
计算值:C 68.83,H 4.67,N 5.18
实测值:C 68.51,H 4.87,N 5.30
1H NMR(CDCl3,δ,ppm)分析值:8.07~7.99(m,2H,CH=N),7.42~6.05(m,18H,arom),6.56(s,5H,C5H5)
M.S.113(CpTi+),65(Cp+)
红外光谱分值:1606(s),1550(m),1472(m),1291(m),1186(w),1122(w),906(w),860(w),696(w)
实例2
制备二(亚水杨基邻异丙基苯胺基)-(环戊二烯基)氯化钛。
(1)制备配体化合物亚水杨基邻异丙基苯胺
按实例1的方法制备,不同的是用27g(0.2mol)邻异丙基苯胺(中国上海试剂一厂)代替苯胺进行反应,最终得到配体亚水杨基邻异丙基苯胺45g,产率94%。
(2)制备亚水杨基邻异丙基苯胺的锂盐
在100ml Schlenk瓶中加入2.872g(12mmol)亚水杨基邻异丙基苯胺和30ml四氢呋喃,将溶液冷却至-70℃,在搅拌下滴加5.97ml(2.0113mol·L-1,12mmol)丁基锂,滴加完毕,自然升至室温,搅拌3小时,得亚水杨基邻异丙基苯胺锂盐的四氢呋喃溶液。
(3)制备催化剂
将上述亚水杨基邻异丙基苯胺锂盐的四氢呋喃溶液,冷却至-70℃,并在该温度下慢慢滴加到2.631g(12mmol)CpTiCl3的30ml四氢呋喃溶液中,然后自然升至室温,搅拌过夜。减压下将反应液抽干,加入100ml乙醚,过滤,将滤液在-40℃放置18小时,析出1.68g棉花状的晶体催化剂B:(亚水杨基邻异丙基苯胺基)-(环戊二烯基)氯化钛,产率45%。分子式:C37H39O2N2TiCl,分子结构
元素分析值(重%)为
计算值:C 71.09,H 5.98,N 4.48
实测值:C 71.01,H 6.05,N 4.61
1HNMR(CDCl3,δ,ppm)分析值:8.06~7.97(m,2H,CH=N),7.40~6.12(m,16H,arom),6.60(s,5H,C5H5);2.99~2.80(m,2H,CH(CH3)2),1.20~1.05(m,12H,CH(CH3)2
M.S.:113(CpTi+),65(Cp+)
红外光谱分值:1604(s),1553(m),1471(m),1290(m),1188(w),1120(w),905(w),868(w),695(w)。
实例3
制备二(5-甲基亚水杨基苯胺基)-(环戊二烯基)氯化钛。
(1)制备配体化合物5-甲基亚水杨基苯胺
按实例1的方法制备,不同的是用27.2g(0.2mol)5-甲基水杨醛(中国医药(集团)上海化学试剂公司)代替水杨醛进行反应,最终得到配体5-甲基亚水杨基苯胺40g,产率95%。
(2)制备5-甲基亚水杨基苯胺的锂盐
在100ml Schlenk瓶中加入2.662g(12.6mmol)5-甲基亚水杨基苯胺和30ml四氢呋喃,将溶液冷却至-70℃,在搅拌下滴加6.26ml(2.0113mol·L-1,12.6mmol)丁基锂,滴加完毕,自然升至室温,搅拌3小时,得5-甲基亚水杨基苯胺锂盐的四氢呋喃溶液。
(3)制备催化剂
将上述5-甲基亚水杨基苯胺锂盐的四氢呋喃溶液,冷却至-70℃,并在该温度下慢慢滴加到2.764g(12.6mmol)CpTiCl3的30ml四氢呋喃溶液中,然后自然升至室温,搅拌过夜。减压下将反应液抽干,加入100ml乙醚,过滤,将滤液在-20℃放置18小时,析出1.75g棉花状的晶体催化剂C:二(5-甲基亚水杨基苯胺基)-(环戊二烯基)氯化钛,产率49%。分子式:C32H28O2N2TiCl,分子结构式如下:
催化剂C的元素分析值(重%)为
计算值:C 69.66,H 5.15,N 4.92
实测值:C 69.50,H 5.20,N 4.98
1HNMR(CDCl3,δ,ppm)分析值:8.05~7.99(m,2H,CH=N),7.41~6.10(m,16H,arom),6.58(s,5H,C5H5);2.31~2.20(m,6H,CH3)
M.S.:113(CpTi+),65(Cp+)
红外光谱分值:1606(s),1554(m),1473(m),1292(m),1189(w),1120(w),906(w),866(w),696(w)。
实例4
制备二(亚水杨基苯胺基)-(甲基环戊二烯基)氯化钛。
(1)制备亚水杨基苯胺的锂盐
在100ml Schlenk瓶中加入2.367g(12mmol)亚水杨基苯胺和30ml四氢氢呋喃,将溶液冷却至-70℃,搅拌下滴加3.83ml(2.0113mol·L-1,7.7mmo1)丁基锂,滴加完毕,自然升至室温,搅拌3小时,制得亚水杨基苯胺的锂盐溶液。
(2)制备催化剂
将上述亚水杨基苯胺锂盐的四氢呋喃溶液,冷却至-70℃,并在该温度下慢慢滴加到2.8g(12mmol)MeCp TiCl3的30ml四氢呋喃溶液中,然后自然升至室温,搅拌过夜。减压下将反应液抽干,加入100ml乙醚,过滤,将滤液在-20℃放置18小时,析出1.72g棉花状的晶体催化剂D:二(亚水杨基苯胺)-(环戊二烯基)氯化钛,产率52%。分子式:C32H27O2N2TiCl,分子结构式如下:
元素分析值(重%)为
计算值:C 69.26,H 4.91,N 5.04
实测值:C 69.10,H 4.98,N 5.25
1H NMR(CDCl3,δ,ppm)分析值:8.05~7.99(m,2H,CH=N),7.40~6.10(m,18H,arom),6.79~6.60(m,2H,Cp),6.68~6.50(m,2H,Cp),2.49~2.40(m,3H,CH3Cp)
M.S.127(MeCpTi+),79(MeCp+)
红外光谱分值:1603(s),1553(m),1470(m),1292(m),1188(w),1123(w),906(w),867(w),697(w)
对比例1
合成双席夫碱配体的催化剂E
在100ml Schlenk瓶中加入1.519g(7.7mmol)的亚水杨基苯胺和30ml四氢呋喃,将溶液冷却至-70℃,搅拌下滴加3.83ml(2.0113mol·L-1,7.7mmol)丁基锂,滴加完毕,自然升至室温,搅拌3小时,制得亚水杨基苯胺的锂盐溶液。
将上述锂盐的四氢呋喃溶液,在-70℃慢慢滴加到1.689g(7.7mmol)TiCl4的30ml四氢呋喃溶液中,滴加完毕,自然升至室温,搅拌过夜。减压下抽干反应液,加入150ml乙醚,过滤,将滤液抽干,得1.2g固体的催化剂E:二(亚水杨基苯胺)二氯化钛,分子式C26H20O2N2TiCl2,产率61%。
1H NMR(CDCl3,δ,ppm)8.30(s,1H,CH=N),7.52(t,J=7.4,1H,arom),7.42(d,J=7.4,1H,arom),7.32(d,J=7.4,1H,arom),7.23(m,J=7.4,3H,arom),7.01(t,J=7.4,1H,arom),6.79(t,J=2.6,2H,Cp),6.68(t,J=2.6,2H,Cp),2.99(m,J=6.8,2H,CH(CH3)2),2.49(s,3H,CH3Cp),1.2(d,J=6.8,12H,CH(CH3)2)。
对比例2
制备二(正丁基环戊二烯基)二氯化锆
在冰水浴冷却下,边搅拌边向含11.0克(0.09摩尔)正丁基环戊二烯的100毫升四氢呋喃(THF)溶液中缓慢滴加36.7毫升(0.09摩尔)丁基锂的2.5M己烷溶液,滴加完毕后继续搅拌1小时,得到正丁基环戊二烯基锂的白色浑浊溶液。
在-78℃,向上述获得的正丁基环戊二烯基锂溶液中缓慢加入10.485克(0.045摩尔)ZrCl4,滴加完毕后室温搅拌过夜,得深红色浑浊溶液。除去90%的溶剂,残余物用100毫升甲苯溶解后过滤、重结晶,得催化剂F:二(正丁基环戊二烯基)二氯化锆12.7g,反应收率为70%。
实例5~11
以下实例进行乙烯均聚反应。
将250ml玻璃瓶用氮气和乙烯分别置换三次,加入100ml干燥的甲苯,补加乙烯至吸收平衡,将体系升温至反应温度,加入催化剂和甲基铝氧烷(MAO)的甲苯溶液,使铝与催化剂含有的金属摩尔比为1000,不断补加乙烯,常压下反应1小时,用3%的盐酸乙醇溶液终止反应,过滤,产物于80℃、真空下干燥3小时,得到聚合物。反应温度、催化剂活性及聚合物性质见表1,其中重均分子量和分子量分布均用凝胶色谱法(GPC)测定。
实例12~17
以下实例进行乙烯与己烯的共聚反应。
向用氮气和乙烯置换好的250ml玻璃瓶中加入100ml干燥的甲苯,补加乙烯至吸收平衡,将体系升温至50℃,加入5ml己烯,少量催化剂和MAO的甲苯溶液,使铝与催化剂含有的金属摩尔比为1000,不断补加乙烯,常压下反应1小时后,用3%的盐酸乙醇溶液终止反应,过滤,产物于80℃、真空下干燥3小时,得到聚合物。各实例催化剂活性及聚合物性质见表2,其中聚合物己烯含量用核磁共振13C-NMR测得。
由表1、表2数据可知,本发明催化剂用于乙烯均聚时,活性较配体中无大的取代集团的双席夫碱配体催化剂E的活性高,聚合物重均分子量和分子量分布基本相当,较之茂金属催化剂F制得的聚合物具有较大的分子量。本发明催化剂用于乙烯与己烯共聚时,得到的聚合物不仅有高的共聚单体含量,而且还有高的聚合分子量,使聚合物的性能更适宜加工生产的需要。
表1
实例号 | 催化剂编号 | 反应温度,℃ | 催化剂加量,μmol | 催化剂活性,gPE/molM·h | Mw | Mw/Mn |
5 | A | 30 | 32.0 | 4.0×104 | - | - |
6 | A | 50 | 32.0 | 4.38×104 | 167×104 | 3.2 |
7 | B | 50 | 30.0 | 5.1×104 | 160×104 | 3.0 |
8 | C | 50 | 28.5 | 3.95×104 | 175×104 | 2.95 |
9 | D | 50 | 29.2 | 4.5×104 | 170×104 | 2.90 |
10 | E | 50 | 29.72 | 0.64×104 | 161×104 | 2.85 |
11 | F | 50 | 10.0 | 4.1×105 | 11×104 | 2.65 |
表2
实例号 | 催化剂编号 | 反应温度,℃ | 催化剂加量,μmol | 催化剂活性,gPE/molM·h | Mw | Mw/Mn | 聚合物中己烯含量,重% |
12 | A | 50 | 17.05 | 1.76×105 | 57×104 | 2.73 | 4.34 |
13 | B | 50 | 18.00 | 2.1×105 | 53×104 | 2.70 | 4.30 |
14 | C | 50 | 20.12 | 1.5×105 | 60×104 | 2.81 | 4.18 |
15 | D | 50 | 18.5 | 1.9×105 | 59×104 | 2.67 | 4.52 |
16 | E | 50 | 23.24 | 0.581×105 | 34×104 | 2.55 | 3.27 |
17 | F | 50 | 3.1 | 9×105 | 4.75×104 | 3.0 | 6.80 |
*注:表1、表2中M为钛或锆
Claims (9)
2、按照权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于式(I)中R1选自氢、C1~C3的烷基,R2、R2′分别选自氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基或异丁基,R3选自氢或C1~C4的烷基,M选自Ti。
3、按照权利要求1或2所述的催化剂,其特征在于式(I)中R1为氢或甲基,R2、R2′分别为氢、甲基、乙基或异丙基,R3为氢,M为Ti。
4、权利要求1所述催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将式(II)所示的席夫碱配体化合物与烷基碱金属化合物在有机介质中反应,生成席夫碱配合物的碱金属盐,式(II)中R1选自氢、C1~C12的烷基、C1~C12的烷氧基或C6~C12的芳基,R2、R2′分别选自氢或C1~C4的烷基,所述配体与烷基金属化合物的摩尔比为0.1~2.0∶1,
(2)将席夫碱配合物的碱金属盐在有机介质中与表达式为CpMCl3的环戊二烯基金属氯化物反应,除去溶剂,残余物用有机溶剂洗涤、过滤,将滤液重结晶;所述CpMCl3中M为Ti、Zr或Hf,Cp为单取代的环戊二烯基,取代基R3选自氢、C1~C12的烷基、C1~C12烷氧基或C6~C12的芳基,所述席夫碱配合物的碱金属盐与CpMCl3的摩尔比为1.0~2.0∶1。
5、按照权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于(1)步反应温度为-78~25℃,所述的烷基碱金属化合物为丁基锂。
6、按照权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于(2)步的反应温度为-78~25℃,CpMCl3化合物为环戊二烯基三氯化钛或甲基环戊二烯基三氯化钛。
7、按照权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于所述的有机介质选自四氢呋喃或乙醚,(2)步用于洗涤的有机溶剂选自乙醚、苯、甲苯、正己烷、石油醚或它们的混合物。
8、一种α-烯烃均聚或共聚方法,其特征在于以权利要求1所述的催化剂为主催化剂,以烷基铝氧烷为助催化剂,使α-烯烃或α-烯烃与共聚单体在10~110℃,0.1~1.0MPa下聚合,聚合时助催化剂中的铝与主催化剂中的金属摩尔比为100~1500∶1。
9、按照权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于所述α-烯烃选自乙烯或丙烯,共聚单体选自丁烯、己烯或辛烯。
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DE4415872A1 (de) | 1994-05-05 | 1995-11-09 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ethylencopolymeren |
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WO1997008179A1 (fr) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-06 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Complexes de metaux de transition, catalyseur de polymerisation des olefines et procede de production de polymeres d'olefines |
US5811379A (en) | 1996-06-17 | 1998-09-22 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Polymers derived from olefins useful as lubricant and fuel oil additives, processes for preparation of such polymers and additives and use thereof (PT-1267) |
CA2257796C (en) | 1996-06-17 | 2006-01-24 | Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. | Supported late transition metal catalyst systems |
TWI246520B (en) * | 1997-04-25 | 2006-01-01 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | Processes for olefin polymerization |
FI973451A0 (fi) * | 1997-08-22 | 1997-08-22 | Borealis As | Ny organometalfoerening och metod foer polymerisation av olefiner med hjaelp av en katalytkomposition som innehaoller denna organometalfoerening |
JP4090100B2 (ja) * | 1998-02-27 | 2008-05-28 | 出光興産株式会社 | アルミニウム化合物およびその製造方法、オレフィン重合体製造用触媒並びにオレフィン重合体の製造方法 |
-
2001
- 2001-09-27 CN CNB011414723A patent/CN1160381C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2002
- 2002-09-26 ES ES200202188A patent/ES2219158B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-26 SG SG200205859A patent/SG95704A1/en unknown
- 2002-09-26 RU RU2002125718/04A patent/RU2317306C2/ru active
- 2002-09-27 JP JP2002283696A patent/JP2003183317A/ja active Pending
- 2002-09-27 KR KR10-2002-0058843A patent/KR100538007B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2002-09-27 US US10/256,028 patent/US6747105B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-24 SA SA02230451A patent/SA02230451B1/ar unknown
Also Published As
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KR100538007B1 (ko) | 2005-12-20 |
US20030096927A1 (en) | 2003-05-22 |
RU2002125718A (ru) | 2004-03-27 |
ES2219158A1 (es) | 2004-11-16 |
RU2317306C2 (ru) | 2008-02-20 |
KR20030027813A (ko) | 2003-04-07 |
JP2003183317A (ja) | 2003-07-03 |
CN1408733A (zh) | 2003-04-09 |
SG95704A1 (en) | 2003-04-23 |
ES2219158B1 (es) | 2006-01-01 |
SA02230451B1 (ar) | 2007-03-25 |
US6747105B2 (en) | 2004-06-08 |
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