CN1159217A - 复合纱用上浆组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于复合纱的上浆组合物。根据本发明的组合物含有一种基料混合物以及至少一种呈脂肪酸酯形式的添加剂。该组合物使复合纱内部的玻璃长丝与热塑性长丝混合良好,并对它们提供良好保护。本发明还涉及涂敷有该组合物的复合纱。
Description
本发明涉及复合纱用上浆组合物,以及涂敷了该组合物的复合纱。
复合纱(亦称作混合纱)是由有机长丝和玻璃长丝组成的纱线,并用于制备复合制品。这些纱线主要通过直接在口模后将玻璃长丝与热塑性长丝相结合而获得,以使玻璃长丝与热塑性长丝混合良好(“紧密”混合)。以下专利中特别描述了直接在口模后获得复合纱的方法:EP-A-0367661(US 5,011,523)、EP-A-0505275(US 5,328,493)、EP-A-0505274(US 5,316,561)、WO 93/15893、EP-A-0599695及EP-A-0616055。在口模后结合玻璃长丝与热塑性长丝之前,玻璃长丝被用上浆组合物涂敷,其目的特别在于防止纱线磨损。该上浆组合物通常是含水组合物(它通常含超过90%(重量)的水),该含水组合物易于处理而且通常适于处理玻璃长丝(此类组合物特别对玻璃长丝具有相当强的润湿能力)。
但是,热塑性长丝对水具有很小或者没有亲和力,其疏水特性导致了经上浆处理的玻璃长丝与热塑性长丝间相互排斥的现象。在使用含水上浆组合物时通常要对复合纱进行干燥(具体而言,干燥使复合纱在转化过程例如挤压过程中更易于使用),干燥时这一现象更为明显。随着水分的逐渐蒸发,玻璃长丝倾向于结束在一起,而热塑性长丝被排斥到复合纱的外面。这样不仅不能在复合纱内部获得玻璃长丝与热塑性长丝的理想紧密混合,反而因此观察到热塑性长丝的分离,使混合纱部分或完全失去了抱合力,该热塑性长丝最后没有受到防止磨损和静电现象的保护。
热塑性长丝的分离以及其缺乏防止磨损的保护产生了问题。尤其在复合纱用于纺织应用,例如织造时,纱线在喂料辊上摩擦,在这种情形下,涂敷了含水上浆料的复合纱倾向于断裂并且中断纺织机械的运行。使用传统含水上浆组合物使得玻璃长丝与热塑性长丝之间混合不良以及与之相关的分离,在用含所述玻璃长丝以及热塑性长丝的复合纱制得的复合制品中表现更为明显,这些复合制品不具有令人满意的表面外观。
本发明的目的在于补救前述问题。这一目的通过下述方法实现,即使用合适的上浆组合物,以在玻璃长丝与热塑性长丝结合到一起之前涂敷该玻璃长丝,这一用于复合纱的组合物含有一种基料混合物和至少一种脂肪酸酯形式的添加剂。
“基料混合物”在本发明中意指任何通常用于在口模后涂敷玻璃长丝的含水上浆组合物,这一组合物通常呈水溶液、水乳液或水悬浮液的形式。“基料混合物”的实例将给出于后。
本发明还涉及复合纱,它被根据本发明的上浆组合物涂敷,并直接在口模后获得。比之在口模后使用传统上浆料获得的复合纱,这些(本发明的)复合纱具有改进的性能。
根据本发明的上浆组合物满足涂敷从口模拉伸的玻璃长丝的上浆组合物的要求;它均一且稳定,尤其在口模下;并且它能耐受长丝高速通过时引起的剪切力。再者,根据本发明的组合物在高速拉伸时对玻璃长丝表面润湿良好,并且允许玻璃长丝润滑良好,从而防止其磨损。
根据本发明的组合物不仅对玻璃长丝而且对热塑性长丝还具有非常好的润湿能力。故而在两种长丝接触以后,该涂敷在玻璃长丝上的上浆组合物可以部分迁移到热塑性长丝上,从而使上浆料在所得复合纱整体上均匀分布,该玻璃长丝和热塑性长丝被组合物极好地润湿。
涂敷了根据本发明的组合物的复合纱内的热塑性长丝被润滑,被保护以防止磨损,并表现了很低的带静电性能,类似于玻璃长丝。并且在复合纱中还可观察到玻璃长丝与热塑性长丝的良好混合及抱合力。
根据本发明的涂敷了组合物的复合纱具有多重优点:此类纱线特别适于织造,而无断裂之虞,且有机物对此类纱线的渗透力提高。从(本发明的)复合纱任选结合其它有机材料制得的复合制品,具有令人高度满意的表面外观,比按相同方法但使用涂敷常规上浆料的复合纱制得的复合制品要好。使用本发明的纱线制得的复合制品的力学性能和使用常规复合纱制得的复合制品的力学性能一样好。
根据本发明的组合物可以含有:作为基料混合物的任何常规含水上浆组合物,所述基料组合物特别依如下因素,即与玻璃长丝结合的热塑性长丝的种类、涂敷组合物的复合纱的应用场合以及将与所述纱线结合使用的有机材料的不同,通常由本领域熟练技术人员从已知组合物中选择。
通常而言,根据本发明的基料组合物含有至少85%,优选至少90%重量的水,并含有至少一种作为偶联剂的化合物。根据本发明的一个实施方案,该基料混合物即含有至少一种偶联剂,例如硅烷、钛酸盐等,以使该上浆组合物键结到玻璃上。该基料混合物还可含有其它偶联剂,它们使得在干燥涂敷所述上浆组合物的纱线之后,改善玻璃与结合的有机材料之间的键接成为可能。该基料混合物还特别含有一种或多种对前述偶联剂起辅助作用的“偶联助剂”,它(们)并允许例如在偶联剂与结合的有机材料之间产生相互作用。具体而言,在根据本发明的复合纱由玻璃长丝和聚烯烃类热塑性长丝组成时,以及当它们被设想用于增强聚烯烃材料时,所述基料混合物可以呈乳液形式,含有一种或多种聚烯烃,它(们)类似于该热塑性长丝和/或将要增强的材料所含有的聚烯烃,乳液中的聚烯烃起偶联玻璃与将要增强的材料之功用。
根据本发明的基料混合物还可以含有一种或多种中和剂和/或稳定剂,和用于复合纱的上浆组合物中通常应用的任何其它类型的试剂。
根据本发明的优选实施方案,当根据本发明的复合纱含有聚烯烃(更具体而言为聚丙烯)长丝以及当它们被用于增强聚烯烃(更具体而言为聚丙烯)材料时,根据本发明涂敷所述纱线的组合物中的基料混合物含有:至少一种硅烷类,优选氨基硅烷类的偶联剂,以使所述组合物与玻璃键接;至少一种聚烯烃(相应是聚丙烯)偶联助剂,它被至少一种酸或酸酐,且优选至少一种马来酸酐接枝,对所述硅烷类偶联剂起辅助作用,并使玻璃与聚烯烃(相应是聚丙烯)间的键接改善;以及至少一种中和剂或稳定剂,它(们)使聚烯烃(相应是聚丙烯)偶联剂上接枝的功能基暂时地,直至干燥时,中和成为可能,或者使基料混合物稳定化成为可能。
举例言之,上述硅烷可为γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷或N-2-氨基乙基-γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷,且该中和剂或稳定剂可以为无机或有机碱(氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氨水或者伯、仲或叔胺,等)。
根据本发明的上浆组合物含有:除所述基料组合物而外,至少一种脂肪酸酯形式的添加剂。这些添加剂优选烷氧基化脂肪酸酯,且它优选地含有一个或更多羟基官能团。举例言之,这种添加剂可以是带羟基官能团的乙氧基化脂肪酸酯。
按基料混合物的重量计,脂肪酸酯形式的添加剂的用量一般为1-15%,优选1-10%。按基料混合物的重量计,它优选为1-8%,特别优选为1-6%。这(些)添加剂可以在基料混合物混合过程中加入,或者更简单地,它(们)可以加入到已混合好的基料混合物中。
应该注意的是,前述中和剂(或稳定剂)还可以起中和所加入的脂肪酸酯的醇官能基的作用,特别是当所用的硅烷是氨基硅烷时,它还可以起防止酯中的醇官能基与硅烷中的氨基反应的作用。这种情况下,当所用的基料混合物含有中和剂(或稳定剂)时,根据本发明的组合物中的中和剂的重量相对于基料中的起始中和剂的用量任选地增加了,以允许同时完成基料混合物内部的中和(例如前述实施方案中的聚烯烃偶联剂)以及对脂肪酸酯的中和。
脂肪酸酯亦可用不同于在基料混合物情形下所用的中和剂(或稳定剂)中和。根据本发明,这一另外的中和剂在组合物混合时加入。
根据本发明优选的实施方案,其中的复合纱含有聚丙烯(以及更一般的聚烯烃)长丝或者其中的复合纱被用于增强聚丙烯(相应的聚烯烃)材料时,根据本发明涂敷所述复合纱的组合物含有一种基料混合物,它由0.05-3%(重量),优选0.1-1.5%(重量)的硅烷类偶联剂,1-10%(重量)的被至少一种酸或酸酐接枝的聚丙烯(相应聚烯烃)偶联剂,以及0.1-5%,优选0.2-1.5%(重量)的中和剂或稳定剂组成;所述组合物除该基料混合物之外,还含有:按基料混合物的重量计,其量为1-10%,优选1-6%的脂肪酸酯;以及任选的辅助中和剂,它可与基料混合物中已有的中和剂相同或不同,其量足以中和脂肪酸酯。
根据本发明的复合纱特别地按下述方法获得:从一个或多个口模的小孔中,熔融玻璃流被拉成扇形的连续长丝,长丝用本发明的上浆组合物涂敷(这即是说,含基料混合物的组合物中已加入脂肪酸酯),涂敷用一个或更多涂敷装置例如上浆辊辅助实现,同时一种热塑性有机材料被挤压和拉走,在玻璃长丝与热塑性长丝结束在一起形成被机械拉走的复合纱之前,玻璃长丝与热塑性长丝运行的路线彼此会聚在一起。
根据本发明的复合纱还可按如下专利叙述的任何一种或多种方法制得:EP-A-0367661、EP-A-0505275、EP-A-0505274、WO 93/15893、EP-A-0599695以及EP-A-0616055。
经扩展,“涂敷了上浆组合物的复合纱”意指“由被涂敷上浆组合物的有机长丝及玻璃长丝组成的纱线”,即不仅包括由结合有机长丝和涂敷的玻璃长丝得到的涂敷组合物的纱线,而且包括经干燥或其它处理后的相同纱线,所述干燥及其它处理用于从组合物中除去某些成分(特别是水)和/或使组合物中的某些成分聚合。
根据本发明的复合纱可以如下形式收集:连续纱或带的形式,或者可以在口模后被用来将它们机械拖走的装置直接切断,或者在得到筒装连续纱后切断,等等。故此,复合纱的表现形式依其应用而变化。
根据本发明,相对于纱线的重量,涂敷到复合纱上的上浆料的量为约0.2-5%(重量),优选0.2-3%(重量)。在与其将要增强的有机材料结合在一起之前,这些纱线经干燥处理。
如前所述,无论其是否与其它有机材料结合在一起,根据本发明的复合纱特别适合于织造以及生产复合制品。如专利申请EP-A-0541441所述。该类复合制品可具体通过使用复合纱进料到挤压机而获得。
根据本发明的用于复合纱的上浆组合物以及复合纱可通过附图说明的如下实施例而得到更清楚的理解。即:
图1a是常规复合纱横断面的电子显微照片,图1b是所述照片略加简化后的图;
图2a是根据本发明的复合纱横断面的电子显微照片,图2b是所述照片略加简化后的图。
参考实施例
17μm直径的玻璃长丝800根(通过从口模拉伸熔融E-玻璃得到,在石墨上浆辊上上浆,所用上浆组合物是通常用于由聚丙烯长丝和玻璃长丝组成的复合纱的上浆组合物),与800根23μm直径的聚丙烯长丝相结合。这两种长丝结束在一起形成一条复合纱(或“粗纱”),它绕成直边式筒装的形式。
聚丙烯长丝是通过挤压Shell的商品名“VM 6100K”的产品形成,向其中加入了商品名“Polybond 3002”的Uniroyal Chemical的偶联剂,其用量占聚丙烯重量的4%。
涂敷玻璃长丝的上浆组合物含有:约1%(重量)的氨基硅烷、约0.5%(重量)的胺类中和剂、约13%(重量)被马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯乳液,这一乳液含有约55%的水。在这一上浆料中的总含水量为约93%。
在组成复合纱的玻璃长丝或聚丙烯长丝上,该所用上浆料的接触角用一台Khan天平在一根单丝上测定,结果给出于附表I。
以100米/分的速度和120cN的输入张力F1使纱线在3根8毫米直径的钢条上通过,以此在所得混合纱上进行摩擦试验。测量纱线的输出张力F2,由公式:F2=F1e(μα)计算摩擦系数μ,α是纱线在钢条上的接触角的总和(此处约370°)。结果给出于附表II。
为测定纱线静电充电能力,在60%相对湿度和20℃下,用RotschildR4021静电电压计对纱线进行Rotschild试验。纱线在两个电极(150V)间充电,所测得的半放电时间结果给出于附表II。
对复合制品的力学性能也进行了测量。所述复合制品由注射模塑粒化的12毫米长的纤维制得。拉伸断裂应力、弯曲断裂应力、无切口查贝(Charpy non entaillé)抗冲强度及有切口伊佐德(Izod entaillé)抗冲强度分别按如下标准确定的条件进行测量:ISO R 527、ISO R178、ISO R 179及ISO R 180,其结果给出于附表III。
得到的复合纱还通过一个加罩嘴(buse de gainage),以便维持纱线的切面视图。该加罩纱然后浸入热固性树脂中,再置于真空以在切割及抛光操作之前除去气泡。所述切割及抛光操作是为了获得纱线横断面的电子显微照片。
图1a是所得到的照片,它表明了本实施例中的复合纱内部各种长丝的分布。图1b是示于图1a中的横断面的简化图,并带有参考数字(为清晰起见,图1a不带参考数字)。根据图1b,复合纱含有玻璃长丝1及聚丙烯长丝2,纱线被外罩3包围,以及在某些部位有少量渗透的热固性树脂4(外罩及树脂仅为满足照相之需)。从照像以及其表示图,可见参考复合纱内的热塑性长丝主要是分离开的。
实施例1
采取了参考实施例中的相同步骤,但向上浆组合物中加入了3%(重量)的带羟基的乙氧基化脂肪酸酯,这一产品由Sidobre Sinova以“Ensital PRF 416”商品名出售。
各种试验的结果分别给出于附表I、II及III。
图2a是如参考实施例拍取的、所得到的纱线的横断面照片。可以观察到纱线内玻璃长丝11(相应于图2a及2b中的白色部分)及热塑性长丝12(黑色部分)混合相当均匀(“紧密”混合)。如同参考实施例,这一纱线也被外罩13所包围,以满足照相之需。
实施例2
采取如同实施例1中的相同步骤,但向上浆组合物中加入6%(重量)Ensital PRF 416。
各种试验的结果分别给出于附表II及III。
从表I可见,参考实施例中所用的常规上浆组合物对玻璃润湿良好,而对聚丙烯润湿相当差。所以上浆组合物倾向于保留在玻璃长丝上。至于实施例1及2中所用的根据本发明的上浆组合物,它们对玻璃及聚丙烯均润湿良好。故此涂敷在玻璃长丝上的组合物有部分转移到聚丙烯长丝上。当玻璃长丝与聚丙烯长丝接触时发生这种转移。
从表II也可见,依组合物中乙氧基化脂肪酸酯浓度的不同,使用根据本发明的上浆组合物导致摩擦系数减小。另外,当在织机上使用根据参考实施例的纱线作为经线以生产织造织物时,将在织机的综片上造成毛羽沉积和集结,导致每织20至50米织造纱时织机停机。相反,根据实施例1及2的纱线不导致沉积,且可使用全长达几千至几万米的经线而不致停机。
还可以观察到,比之根据参考实施例的纱线,根据实施例1及2的纱线静电充电能力显著降低。
最后,可以观察到从根据实施例1及2的纱线制得的复合制品,比之从根据参考实施例的纱线制得的复合制品,其力学性能同样好。无论采取何种方法从复合纱制备复合制品,都可观察到相同结果。即,对从用复合纱织造织物片材制备的复合制品而言,从根据本发明纱线制备的复合制品,比之从常规复合纱制备的复合制品,其力学性能至少是同样好。
根据本发明的上浆组合物适用于任何类型的复合纱:玻璃/聚酰胺;玻璃/聚酯,等等。且用根据本发明上浆料涂敷的复合纱可应用于纺织或直接应用,以通过模塑、注射模塑等生产复合制品。
表1
参考实施例 | 实施例1 | |||
玻璃长丝 | 聚丙烯长丝 | 玻璃长丝 | 聚丙烯长丝 | |
接触角 | 0° | 45° | 14° | 20° |
表II
摩擦系数 | 半放电时间(s) | |
参考实施例 | 0.44 | 40至60 |
实施例1 | 0.36 | 9 |
实施例2 | 0.34 | 9 |
表III
拉伸断裂应力(MPa) | 弯曲断裂应力(MPa) | 无切口Charpy抗冲强度(kJ/m2) | 有切口Izod抗冲强度(J/m) | |
参考实施例 | 139.3 | 214 | 71 | 66 |
实施例1 | 138 | 210 | 73 | 70 |
实施例2 | 137 | 215.5 | 70.5 | 63 |
Claims (10)
1.含有玻璃长丝以及热塑性长丝的复合纱,其特征在于它涂敷有一种上浆组合物(composition d’ensimage),所述上浆组合物含有一种基料混合物以及至少一种呈脂肪酸酯形式的添加剂。
2.根据权利要求1的复合纱,其特征在于按占基料混合物的重量计,上浆组合物中脂肪酸酯形式的添加剂的比例为1-15%。
3.根据权利要求1或2之一的复合纱,其特征在于上浆组合物中的基料混合物含有至少85%(重量)的水以及至少一种偶联剂。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一的复合纱,其特征在于上浆组合物中的基料混合物含有至少一种聚烯烃。
5.根据权利要求4的复合纱,其特征在于上浆组合物中的基料混合物含有至少一种被至少一种酸或酸酐接枝的聚丙烯。
6.根据权利要求1至5之一的复合纱,其特征在于上浆组合物中的基料混合物含有至少一种中和剂或稳定剂。
7.根据权利要求1至6之一的复合纱,其特征在于所述脂肪酸酯是一种含有一个或更多羟官能基的烷氧基化的脂肪酸酯。
8.根据权利要求1至7之一的复合纱,其特征在于它具有0.2-5%(重量)的灼烧损失(perte au feu)。
9.用于复合纱的上浆组合物,它含有一种基料混合物以及至少一种呈脂肪酸酯形式的添加剂。
10.基于有机材料及玻璃的复合制品(composite),其特征在于它含有至少部分的根据权利要求1至8之一的复合纱。
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- 1996-06-06 US US08/776,656 patent/US6051316A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1996-06-06 CN CN96190805A patent/CN1080348C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-06 KR KR1019970700808A patent/KR100404034B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-06 WO PCT/FR1996/000851 patent/WO1996041912A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1996-06-06 EP EP96920906A patent/EP0776393B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-06 CZ CZ1997365A patent/CZ294472B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-11 TW TW085107021A patent/TW371681B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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1997
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CN101798758B (zh) * | 2009-08-13 | 2012-09-05 | 上海宏和电子材料有限公司 | 一种电子级玻璃纤维布开纤工艺 |
CN111094470A (zh) * | 2017-08-21 | 2020-05-01 | Acr第三有限公司 | 成膜分散体和上胶分散体 |
US11359053B2 (en) | 2017-08-21 | 2022-06-14 | Acr Iii B.V. | Film-forming dispersion and sizing dispersion |
CN112647300A (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-13 | 泰山玻璃纤维有限公司 | 一种gf/pp复合纤维浸润剂及其应用 |
CN112647300B (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-05-20 | 泰山玻璃纤维有限公司 | 一种gf/pp复合纤维浸润剂及其应用 |
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