CN1151141C - 制备托特瑞定的方法 - Google Patents

制备托特瑞定的方法

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CN1151141C
CN1151141C CNB971801479A CN97180147A CN1151141C CN 1151141 C CN1151141 C CN 1151141C CN B971801479 A CNB971801479 A CN B971801479A CN 97180147 A CN97180147 A CN 97180147A CN 1151141 C CN1151141 C CN 1151141C
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tolterodine
compound
tartrate
methyl
minutes
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CN1238768A (zh
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J·R·盖奇
J·E·卡巴捷
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Pharmacia and Upjohn Co
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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    • C07D311/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
    • C07D311/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D311/04Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
    • C07D311/06Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2
    • C07D311/20Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2 hydrogenated in the hetero ring
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C213/00Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C213/00Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C213/02Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reactions involving the formation of amino groups from compounds containing hydroxy groups or etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C215/00Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C215/46Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C215/48Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton with amino groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by carbon chains not further substituted by hydroxy groups
    • C07C215/54Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton with amino groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by carbon chains not further substituted by hydroxy groups linked by carbon chains having at least three carbon atoms between the amino groups and the six-membered aromatic ring or the condensed ring system containing that ring

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Abstract

本发披露了一个新的中间体3,4-二氢-6-甲基-4-苯基-2H-苯并吡喃-2-醇(IV)以及改进的制备托特瑞定的方法。

Description

制备托特瑞定的方法
本发明涉及制备包括新中间体的托特瑞定(tolterodine)(V)方法。(R)-托特瑞定L-酒石酸(VI)可以用来治疗尿失禁。
美国专利5,382,600公开了托特瑞定(V,及其酒石酸盐)及其制备方法。(R)-托特瑞定(VI)可以用来治疗尿失禁。
澳大利亚化学杂志,26,899-906(1973)公开了内酯(III)。
本发明披露了3,4-二氢-6-甲基-4-苯基-2H-苯并吡喃-2-醇(IV)。
本发明还披露了还托特瑞定(V)的制备方法,其包括:
(1)用还原剂还原内酯,形成羟基化合物(IV),以及
(2)用二异丙基胺对羟基化合物(IV)进行还原胺化。
美国专利5,382,600公开了托特瑞定(V,及其酒石酸盐)及其制备方法。
实施例2和3中显示了制备托特瑞定的改进方法。
优选的还原剂包括二异丁基铝氢化物,双(2-甲氧乙氧)铝钠,三叔丁氧基铝氢化锂;优选的是二异丁基铝氢化物(DIBAL)。
优选将内酯(III)转化为相应的羟基化合物(IV)的反应较为可取的在-15℃以下进行,更优选是在等于-20℃或低于-20℃下进行。
4-羟基甲苯(I)与不饱和酸(II)的反应生成了内酯(III),其以两个对映体的形式存在。当内酯(III)还原成为相应的羟基化合物(IV)时,羰基的还原生成了一个仲醇,其带有立体中心,因此,有两对非对映异构体。故当采用3,4-二氢-6-甲基-4-苯基-2H-苯并吡喃-2-醇(IV)时,其包括了(2R,4R),(2S,4R),(2S,4S)以及(2R,4S)-3,4-二氢-6-甲基-4-苯基-2H-苯并吡喃-2-醇(IV)。在羟基化合物(IV)向托特瑞定(V)的转化过程中,2-位的手性中心丧失,生成了带有立体中心的托特瑞定。随后此外消旋体化合物在由托特瑞定(V)向(R)-托特瑞定L-酒石酸(VI)的转化过程中得到了拆分。
托特瑞定(V)是一个胺,当与足够强度的酸进行反应后,变成了酸加成盐的形式。药学上可接受的盐包括无机和有机酸盐。相对于相应的游离碱而言,药学上可接受的盐更为可取,因为他们生成了更易溶于水且更具结晶性的化合物。优选的药学上可接受的盐包括与下列酸形成的加成盐:甲磺酸,盐酸,氢溴酸,硫酸,磷酸,硝酸,苯甲酸,柠檬酸,酒石酸,富马酸,马来酸,CH3-(CH2)n-COOH(其中的n为0-4),HOOC-(CH2)n-COOH(其中n的定义同上)。更优选的托特瑞定(V)的药学上可接受的盐是酒石酸(VI)。
已知(R)-托特瑞定L-酒石酸(VI)可以用来治疗尿失禁。
下列定义和解释适用于全文,包括专利说明书和权利要求。
I、通式和其各种变体的定义
用两种方式之一来表示可变取代基碳原子的数目。第一个方法用整个变量名称的前缀,例如“C1-C4”,其中“1”和“4”为整数,表示变量中碳原子数目的最小值和最大值。前缀和变量之间有一个空间,例如“C1-C4烷基”代表具有1-4个碳原子的烷基(包括其异构形式,除非给出相反的表述)。无论何时给出这个单独的前缀,该前缀都表示所定义变量全部的碳原子数目。因此C2-C4烷氧羰基描述了基团CH2-(CH2)n-O-CO-(其中的n为0,1或2)。在第二种方法中,每一部分的碳原子数目分别用圆括号中指定的“Ci-Cj”来定义,其紧邻被定义部分的前面(没有空隙)。按照这种方式,(C1-C3)烷氧烷基的含义与C2-C4烷氧烷基的含义相同,因为,“C1-C3”仅仅表示烷氧基团的碳原子数目。相似地,虽然C2-C6烷氧烷基和(C1-C3)烷氧基(C1-C3)烷基均定义了含有2-6个碳原子的烷氧烷基,但两者的定义是不同的,前一个定义允许烷氧基或烷基部分单独含有4或5个碳原子,而后一个定义限制了这两个基团各自最多能有3个碳原子。
                    II、定义
所有的温度以摄氏温度表示。
TCL表示薄层层析。
HPLC表示高压液相色谱。
层析(柱层析和闪式柱层析)是指化合物的纯化/分离,用(填充物,洗脱液)来表示。将合适的组分合并并浓缩得到所需化合物。
[α]D 25是指在25℃下,对钠D线(589A)的平面偏振光(特定的光学旋转)的旋转角度。
制药学上可接受的的含义是指从药理学/毒理学观点来看,可被患者接受的那些性质和/或物质,并指从物理/化学观点来考虑的制药中所涉及的化学过程,其包括组成,配方,稳定性,患者接受性以及生物利用度等。
当使用溶剂对时,所用溶剂的比例用体积/体积(v/v)来表示。
DIBAL代表二异丁基铝氢化物。
                           实施例
无需进一步的详尽阐述,相信熟悉本领域的人即可以按照前面的描述,在最大程度上操作本发明。下列实施例详细地描述了如何制备各种化合物和/或实施本发明的各种方法。无论在任何意义上,它们仅仅是用来说明本发明,而不是限制本发明的。不管是对于反应物还是反应条件和技术来说,那些熟悉本领域的人将能迅速地从这些过程中找到合适的变换。
实施例1  3,4-二氢-6-甲基-4-苯基-2H-苯并吡喃-2-酮(III)
将反式肉桂(Cinammic)酸(II,100g,675mmol)加到1L的4-颈圆底烧瓶中,该烧瓶配有机械搅拌器,热电偶以及氮气进口。在60℃的水浴上将对甲(苯)酚(I,76.6g,708mmol)预热,加到肉桂酸(II)中,然后加入浓硫酸(13.0mL,243mmol)。立即将反应混合物加热到122.5℃,并于120-125℃下进行搅拌,直至用HPLC分析(柱=nucleosil C-18;流动相=乙腈/水(45/55);流动速率=1.5ml/分钟;波长=254nm;样品制备=(1)将6滴反应混合物溶于pH7的甲基叔丁基醚(6ml)缓冲液中,(2)将0.4ml有机层在乙腈(5ml)溶液中稀释并进行注射)判断反应是否完成。
保留时间为:叔肉桂酸=3.3分钟,对甲(苯)酚=4.2分钟,标题化合物=20.3分钟)或TCL(丙酮/环己烷(20/80),乙酸(0.5%);波长=254nm),通常为6小时。反应完成后将混合物冷却至100℃,将其转入预热的分液漏斗(500ml)中除去含有硫酸的底层,向含有粗品的分液漏斗中加入甲苯(280ml),水(50ml)以及碳酸钾(47%,10ml)。如有所需加入47%的碳酸钾调含水层pH至5-8。分出有机层,用水(50ml)洗涤。减压浓缩有机层至终体积至150ml。加入异丙醇(350ml),蒸馏直至体积为350ml。再加入异丙醇(150ml),再次蒸馏至体积为350ml。快速搅拌下将混和物冷却至30-40℃,直至有结晶析出。结晶后继续快速搅拌。将产品冷却至0-5℃,并在此温度下保持大约1小时,过滤,用冷却至0-5℃的异丙醇(200ml)洗涤。如果洗涤的最后部分带色,继续洗涤直至除去颜色。于60℃减压下干燥固体得到标题化合物,mp(未修正的)=83-85℃。
实施例2  3,4-二氢-6-甲基-4-苯基-2H-苯并吡喃-2-醇(IV)
将3,4-二氢-6-甲基-4-苯基-2H-苯并吡喃-2-酮(III,实施例1,100.0g,420.2mmol)加到甲苯中(500ml)。交替用真空和氮气进行清洗使混合物脱气,然后冷却至-21℃。在2小时内,经过加液漏斗慢慢加入二异丁基铝氢化物的甲苯溶液(DIBAL,1.5M,290ml,435mmol),此过程中保持反应温度在-20到-25℃。当DIBAL加入完毕时还原发生。如果还原没有发生,可以再加入一些DIBAL。当反应进行后(<1%内酯),在-20到-25℃下,通过加液漏斗加入乙酸乙酯(45ml)。观察到有少量的放热。下一步加入柠檬酸(23%,500ml),混合物在45-50℃下搅拌1小时(或在20-25℃下搅拌过夜),分相,有机层用水(2×300ml)洗涤。减压浓缩至体积250ml。加入甲醇(500ml),浓缩混合物至体积为250ml。再加入甲醇并再次蒸馏,得到标题化合物的甲醇溶液。浓缩该溶液得到一粘稠的油状物,其经放置得到标题化合物(非对映体混合物),IR(净)3410,3020,2925,1605,1498,1447,1205以及1010cm-1;MS(m/z,EI)=240(母体)。此化合物一般不用分离和鉴别,即可直接用于下一步反应。
HPLC分析(柱=zorbax C-8;流动相=乙腈/水(50/50);流动速率=1ml/分钟;波长=240nm;注意--内酯(III)在240nm处的吸收大约比乳醇(IV)的吸收大3.5倍;样品制备=(1)将3滴反应混合物加到甲基叔丁基醚(1ml)和柠檬酸(23%,1ml)中,振摇约1分钟,(2)有机层用柠檬酸(23%,1ml)和水(1ml)各洗涤一次,(3)将有机层(0.2ml)在乙腈(1ml)溶液中稀释并注射;注意--甲基叔丁基醚层必须充分洗涤,否则将在1.5分钟时出现一个未知峰;保留时间为:Rt(二醇副产物)=8.0分钟,Rt(乳醇II)=15.9分钟,16.8分钟(两个非对映异构体),Rt(内酯III)=25.0分钟。
实施例3  托特瑞定盐酸盐(V)
在保持少量氮气清洗的情况下,将3,4-二氢-6-甲基-4-苯基-2H-苯并吡喃-2-醇(IV,实施例2,100g)的甲醇溶液慢慢加到Pt/C(5%,22g,10.5mmol)中,如果在没有氮气清洗的情况下,3,4-二氢-6-甲基-4-苯基-2H-苯并吡喃-2-醇(IV)加入太快催化剂将使甲醇燃烧。加入二异丙基胺(147.0ml,1.05mol),混合物在45-50psi及48℃下进行氢化,直至用HPLC分析判断反应完成(<2%乳醇)。反应通常在10小时后完成,但可持续过夜。冷却反应混合物,用甲醇(150ml)冲洗除去氢化剂。合并的反应混合物以及清洗物经solkafloc床(10g)过滤。solka floc用甲醇(100ml)彻底洗涤,滤液浓缩除去甲醇,再加入乙酸乙酯。用乙酸乙酯将标题化合物游离碱溶液的体积调节至700ml,并将混合物加热至55℃。
为了形成标题化合物的盐酸盐,在15分钟内加入浓盐酸(52.5ml,630mmol)。生成的浆状物渐渐冷却至-15到-20℃,并在此温度下保持1小时。滤集托特瑞定盐酸盐,乙酸乙酯洗涤3次,60℃下减压干燥过夜,得到标题化合物,mp(未修正的)=199-201℃。
HPLC操作:柱=nucleosil C-18;流动相=乙腈/甲酸铵缓冲液(50/50),pH3;流动速率=1.5ml/分钟;波长=240nm;保留时间为:Rt(托特瑞定)=8.7分钟,Rt(二醇副产物)=7.3分钟,Rt(乳醇III)=13.4分钟和14.2分钟(两个非对映异构体)。样品制备:(1)将3滴反应混合物溶于甲醇(1ml)中,(2)通过抽滤漏斗过滤,(3)将滤液用乙腈(1ml)稀释并进行注射。
实施例4  (R)-托特瑞定L-酒石酸盐(VI)
将托特瑞定盐酸盐(V,实施例3,130.0g,359mmol),二氯甲烷(1.3L)和水(650ml)混合,在加入氢氧化钠(50%,13.0ml)和碳酸钠(13.0g,123mmol)的过程中快速搅拌。用pH试纸测定pH为10-11。在彻底搅拌15分钟后,形成了两个澄清均一的相。再继续搅拌45分钟。分层,有机层用水(2×650ml)洗涤。减压浓缩二氯甲烷。将浓缩物溶于乙醇(325ml)中并加热至60-70℃,于60-70℃下30分钟内,将在热乙醇(810ml)中成浆状的L-酒石酸(80.84g,539mmol)经漏斗加入到其中。之后,浆状物回流1小时,逐步冷却至0℃并保持1小时。过滤,用预先冷却至0℃的乙醇洗涤(2×260ml),60℃下减压干燥过夜,得到标题化合物的粗品。
将粗品(136.0g)和乙醇(5.44L)混合,在80℃下加热30分钟。蒸馏掉2.72L乙醇使混合物的体积浓缩至初始体积的一半。混合物在1小时内逐步冷却至20-25℃,置于冰浴中再保持1小时。滤集托特瑞定L-酒石酸盐,用预先冷却至0℃的乙醇洗涤(2×272ml),60℃下减压干燥过夜,得到产品。对81.0g重结晶过一次的托特瑞定L-酒石酸盐重复此操作,得到光学活性的标题化合物,mp(未修正的)=210-211℃;[α]D 25(1%,甲醇)=27.4℃。
实施例5  在甲醇/丙酮溶液中制备(R)-托特瑞定L-酒石酸盐(VI)
将托特瑞定盐酸盐(V,实施例3,130.0g,359mmol),二氯甲烷(1.3L)和水(650ml)混合,在加入氢氧化钠(50%,13.0ml)和碳酸钠(13.0g,123mmol)的过程中快速搅拌此粘稠的浆状物。用pH试纸测定pH为10-11。在彻底搅拌15分钟后,形成了两个澄清均一的相。再继续搅拌45分钟。分层,有机层用水(2×650ml)洗涤。减压浓缩二氯甲烷。将浓缩物溶于丙酮(1.3L)中,加热至48-50℃,于48-50℃下30分钟内,将在热甲醇(162ml)中成浆状的L-酒石酸(80.84g,539mmol)经漏斗加入到其中。用丙酮/甲醇(90/10,130ml)冲洗加液漏斗。之后,浆状物回流1小时,逐步冷却至0℃并保持1小时。过滤,用预先冷却至0℃的丙酮洗涤(2×260ml),60℃下减压干燥过夜,得到(R)-托特瑞定 L-酒石酸盐粗品。
将粗品(R)-托特瑞定L-酒石酸盐(115.0g)和甲醇(1.15L)制浆,加热回流30分钟。蒸除575mL甲醇使混合物的体积浓缩至初始体积的一半,然后在30分钟内加入丙酮(3.26L)。生成的浆状物回流1小时,在1小时内逐步冷却至20-25℃,然后置于冰浴中,冷却至0℃,再保持1小时。滤集托特瑞定L-酒石酸盐,用预先冷却至0℃的丙酮洗涤(2×230ml),60℃下减压干燥过夜,得到托特瑞定L-酒石酸盐。对82.0g重结晶过一次的托特瑞定L-酒石酸盐重复此操作,得到光学活性的标题化合物,mp(未修正的)=210-211℃;[α]D 25(1%,甲醇)=27.4℃。
                          路线A
Figure C9718014700121

Claims (5)

1、3,4-二氢-6-甲基-4-苯基-2H-苯并吡喃-2-醇(IV)。
2、制备托特瑞定(V)的方法,
Figure C9718014700021
其包括:
(1)用还原剂还原内酯(III),
Figure C9718014700022
形成羟基化合物(IV),
其中的还原剂选自二异丁基铝氢化物,双(2-甲氧乙氧)铝钠以及三叔丁氧基铝氢化锂,以及
(2)用二异丙基胺对羟基化合物(IV)进行还原胺化。
3、权利要求2中的方法,其中步骤(1)中使用的还原剂为二异丁基铝氢化物。
4、权利要求2中的方法,其中的步骤(1)在-15℃以下进行。
5、权利要求4中的方法,其中的步骤(1)在等于或低于-20℃下进行。
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