CN114617020A - Grass control, fertility increasing and efficiency improving method for interplanting soybeans in young tea garden in mountainous region and application of grass control, fertility increasing and efficiency improving method - Google Patents
Grass control, fertility increasing and efficiency improving method for interplanting soybeans in young tea garden in mountainous region and application of grass control, fertility increasing and efficiency improving method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural green grass control, in particular to a method for controlling grass, fertilizing and synergizing soybeans in a intercropping tea garden in a young mountain area and an application thereof, wherein soybeans are interplanted among rows of the tea garden, the row spacing between holes is 10-20cm, the row spacing is 30cm, and the density of 2-3 soybean seeds is sowed in each hole, so that the interplanting of the soybeans is rationalized, the growth of the soybeans and tea tree seedlings is fully ensured, the weed amount of the tea garden is reduced, the roseland chrysanthemum and other weeds are inhibited, the weeding frequency of the tea garden is reduced, and the weeding cost is reduced; the method has the advantages of remarkably saving cost and improving efficiency of the mountain young tea garden, improving the physical and chemical properties of soil, realizing effective control of weeds, saving the management and protection cost of the young tea garden and contributing to promoting high-efficiency and high-quality development of the mountain young tea garden.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural green grass control, in particular to a method for controlling grass, increasing fertilizer and improving efficiency of soybeans in a set cropping mode in a mountain young tea garden and application of the method.
Background
Tea trees are long-acting crops, the planting time of the tea trees in the first three years is called the juvenile period, the juvenile period is the key period of tea tree growth, a large amount of input is needed in the period for weed control and nutrient fertilization, economic output is not produced, and the tea tree is the most difficult period in the tea industry. How to control weeds and fertilize nutrition in the young period of the tea garden is directly related to the rate of forming the tea garden and whether high yield, stable yield and high efficiency can be realized in the production process. Currently, herbicides are banned from being used in many tea gardens, relying primarily on manual work to control weeds; advocate to reduce the application of chemical fertilizer and pesticide, but the cost of organic, inorganic fertilizer is higher; these make management of young tea gardens more difficult. Therefore, the efficient control of grass and the increase of fertilizer in the management of young tea gardens and the promotion of the efficient and high-quality development of the tea industry become the focus of research by technicians in the field.
The intercropping and interplanting mode is the essence and efficient planting mode of the traditional agriculture in China, is widely applied to the production of grains and vegetables, and achieves good effect. A large number of test results show that reasonable intercropping is beneficial to forming a soil aggregate structure, improving the physical condition of soil, improving the organic matter content and the nutrient content of the soil, increasing the fertility condition of the soil, improving the microclimate of a tea garden, contributing to storing water, reducing runoff, preventing water and soil loss, inhibiting weeds and plant diseases and insect pests, and increasing the microbial content of the soil.
At present, different crop modes are intercropped and interplanted in young tea gardens to improve economic benefits, so that the young tea gardens are favored by researchers, and certain development and research are achieved.
For example: patent application No. 201210490326.8 tea tree and soybean intercropping mode, low in order to solve tea seed unearthing rate, the relatively poor technical problem of tea tree seedling survival rate, adopt tea seed and soybean seeding, realize tea seed and soybean intercropping, when making the soybean arch unearth, promote tea seed arch unearth unearthing, improve tea seed unearthing rate, and it is early to sprout through the soybean, can hide the shade for the tea seedling, avoid sunshine to penetrate directly, prevent young tea seedling damage, improve the survival rate, and simultaneously, utilize soybean root system to have the nitrogen fixation effect, improve soil physical and chemical properties, replenish fertility, promote the growth of tea seedling. However, the method adopts double-row planting with the plant spacing of 26-33cm, the row spacing of 28-32cm and the row spacing of 130-plus 150cm, and the soybeans and the tea seeds are sown in different directions in the same hole, so that weeds between rows and young tea trees cannot be well controlled, the weed control effect is poor, the canopy density between the soybeans and the tea trees is very high, the soybean seedlings need to be pulled out, the labor intensity is high, the soybean yield can be affected, the economic benefit output in a young tea garden is poor, and the planting density of the soybeans is unreasonable, so that the weed control effect is poor.
For another example: the comprehensive planting method of intercropping soybeans in a tea garden with the patent application number of 201510153609.7 comprises the steps of selecting tea tree species and soybean varieties suitable for intercropping and determining a reasonable plant-row spacing preparation mode and density, specifically, selecting tea tree and soybean intercropping, and intercropping soybeans in the middle of planting tea tree seedlings, wherein the planting density of tea seedlings is 800-1200 plants/mu, so as to achieve the purposes of nitrogen fixation, fertilizer increase, efficiency increase, soil particle fixation and water and soil loss prevention of soybean root systems; however, in the planting process, no study is made on the density control of soybeans, and moreover, the planting mode and density control of soybeans are not proper, resulting in poor weed control effect.
For another example: the patent application number 202011087756.6 discloses a cultivation method and a seeding device for interplanting tea leaves and soybeans, and discloses tea tree planting pits with a row spacing of 1.0cm-1.5m and a plant spacing of 25-40cm, and soybean planting pits are dug between the tea tree planting pits, the row spacing of the soybean planting pits is 50-70cm, the plant spacing is 25-40cm, and the steps of base fertilizer application, planting, top dressing, field management, harvesting and the like are performed. Therefore, the method simultaneously transplants the tea seedlings and sows the soybeans, so that weeds in the survival period of the tea seedlings and the emergence period of the soybeans are clustered, a large amount of manual weeding is needed, and meanwhile, the planting density of the soybeans is unreasonable, so that the weed control effect is poor and the economic benefit is not obvious.
For another example: the website is https:// www.xzbu.com/8/view-7439261.htm, and the technical and significance analysis of soybean interplanting in young tea gardens is disclosed in 'shallow analysis of soybean interplanting in new tea gardens' from leaf religious department, and reasonable planting density arrangement is definitely required, but no published research on planting density is available in the text, so that the grass control effect is poor and the economic benefit is not ideal when corresponding technologies are implemented by technicians in the field.
Based on the technical scheme, the researchers are based on the young tea garden in the Guizhou mountain land, the research on the technology of intercropping and interplanting of soybeans in the young tea garden in the mountain land is developed, the reasonable density of the soybeans in the young tea garden in the mountain land is realized, the growth of weeds such as the crowndaisy chrysanthemum is inhibited, the variety and the number of the weeds in the young tea garden are reduced, the yield and the economic effect of the soybeans are improved, and a new thought is provided for controlling the weeds, increasing the fertilizer and increasing the efficiency of the young tea garden.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for controlling grass, increasing fertilizer and improving efficiency of relay intercropping soybeans in a mountain young tea garden and application thereof.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for controlling weeds, increasing fertilizer and increasing efficiency of soybeans in a mountain young tea garden comprises the steps of adopting a hole sowing method among rows of tea trees, digging soybean sowing holes according to the row spacing of 10-20cm and the row spacing of 30cm, sowing 2-3 soybean seeds in each hole, and covering with soil. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting soybean varieties with high growth vigor, large plants and strong pest and disease resistance;
(2) according to the time period that the soybean variety is suitable for sowing, firstly turning over the soil of the young tea garden in the mountainous region by a turning-over machine for 20cm in depth one week before sowing, finely arranging, applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer according to the proportion of 5-8 kg/mu, and uniformly stirring for later use;
(3) interplanting the young tea gardens in the mountainous region by adopting a hole sowing method, digging soybean sowing holes according to the row spacing between the holes of 10-20cm and the row spacing of 30cm, wherein each hole contains 2-3 soybean seeds, and covering with soil;
(4) observing the growth condition of the soybeans after the soybeans emerge and grow for 10-20 days, timely reseeding in the holes, and respectively spraying a plant resistance inducer and a bactericide once before the soybeans bloom; spraying an insecticide for one time in the branching stage of soybean, wherein the insecticide is one or more of thiamethoxam, lambda-cyhalothrin and indoxacarb;
(5) after the soybean leaves are completely fallen off, the soybeans are collected, aired until the moisture content of the soybeans is less than 5%, and stored.
Preferably, the soybean variety is one or more of Andou series and Qian dou series. For example: andou No. 5, Andou No. 8, Andou No. 9 and Andou No. 10; qian Dou No. 7, Qian Dou No. 8, Qian Dou No. 9, Qian Dou No. 10, etc.
Preferably, the hole sowing method comprises the steps of deeply ploughing the soil in the tea garden by a ploughing machine one week before digging the soybean sowing holes, finely arranging, applying the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer according to the proportion of 5-8 kg/mu, and uniformly stirring.
Preferably, the depth of the deep ploughing is 20 cm.
Preferably, the plant resistance inducer is one or more of brassin, thiophanate methyl and mancozeb.
Preferably, the bactericide is one or more of ethylicin, kasugamycin, chlorothalonil and amino-oligosaccharin.
The invention also aims to provide the method for controlling grass and increasing fertilizer and enhancing efficiency of interplanting soybeans in the mountain young tea garden, which is used for inhibiting the growth of crowndaisy chrysanthemum in the mountain young tea garden.
The invention also aims to provide a method for inhibiting the growth of crowndaisy chrysanthemum in the mountain young tea garden, which comprises the steps of performing hole sowing and intercropping on tea trees of the mountain young tea garden at row intervals, digging holes at the hole sowing density of 10-20cm, at the row interval of 30cm, sowing 2-3 soybean seeds in each hole, and covering with soil.
When the method is used for research, the tea tree variety in the mountain young tea garden is Qian tea No. 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that:
according to the method, through reasonable density control and planting of soybeans on tea tree rows of the mountain young tea garden, weeds in the mountain young tea garden are controlled, the times of manual weeding are reduced, labor intensity is reduced, green grass control technology application of the tea garden is realized, the quality of the tea garden is improved, high yield of the soybeans is realized on the basis of promoting growth of the mountain young tea garden and guaranteeing construction quality and efficiency of the tea garden, economic benefits of the mountain young tea garden are improved, and economic output blank periods during construction of the traditional mountain young tea garden are made up.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that soybeans are interplanted among rows in the tea garden, the row spacing between the holes is 10-20cm, the row spacing is 30cm, and the density of 2-3 soybean seeds is sowed in each hole, so that the interplanted soybeans are reasonable, the growth of the soybeans and tea tree seedlings is fully guaranteed, the weed amount in the tea garden is reduced, weeds such as crowndaisy chrysanthemum are inhibited, the weeding frequency in the tea garden is reduced, and the weeding cost is reduced.
According to the method, the black beans and the Andou beans are interplanted in the tea garden, the inter-hole plant distance and the row distance of the interplanted soybeans and the number of soybean seeds sowed in each hole are strictly controlled, the extinction and inhibition of the crowndaisy chrysanthemum in the tea garden are realized, the influence of higher weed plants of the crowndaisy chrysanthemum on the growth performance of tea seedlings in the tea garden is greatly avoided, the growth performance of the tea seedlings is enhanced, and the growth quality of the tea seedlings is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further defined below with reference to the specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.
In some embodiments, the method for controlling grass, increasing fertilizer and improving efficiency of the soybeans planted in the mountain young tea garden comprises the steps of adopting a hole sowing method between rows of tea trees, digging soybean sowing holes according to the row spacing between the holes of 10-20cm and the row spacing of 30cm, sowing 2-3 soybean seeds in each hole, and covering with soil. Other tea gardens and field management after soybean planting can be carried out by referring to the prior art and common general knowledge and conventional technical means which are well known to those skilled in the art. By sowing soybeans in holes between rows of tea trees in the young tea garden on the mountainous region, the weed amount is greatly reduced, compared with the method without sowing soybeans, the weed amount is reduced by at least 93%, and by reasonable control of hole plant spacing and row spacing, when the hole plant spacing is maintained between 10 and 20cm, the row spacing is 30cm, compared with the method with a higher row spacing, the weed generation amount is greatly reduced; especially, different soybean seeding densities can cause the total amount of weeds and the inhibition effects of various weeds such as crab grass, polygonum, wild liquorice, achyranthes bidentata, ixeris sonchifolia, erigeron breviscapus and the like to be completely different, but the invention can cause the generation amount of the weeds to be greatly reduced through the reasonable control of the soybean hole seeding density.
When soybeans are interplanted, the distance between a soybean hole and a tea seedling hole is 10cm, the soybean hole and the tea seedling hole are not too low, otherwise, the normal growth of the tea seedling is influenced, and the growth rate of the tea seedling is reduced; the weed amount between the tea seedlings and the soybean seedlings is large, and the growth of plants is influenced. For those skilled in the art, when soybeans are actually interplanted, the control of the distance between the soybean holes and the tea seedling holes is an estimated value, so that the distance can be controlled within 10cm +/-1 cm.
In some embodiments, the method specifically comprises the steps of:
(1) selecting soybean varieties with high growth vigor, large plants and strong pest and disease resistance;
(2) according to the time period suitable for sowing the soybean variety, firstly, turning over the soil of the young tea garden in the mountainous region by a turning-over machine for 20cm deep and finely arranging one week before sowing, applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer according to the proportion of 5-8 kg/mu, and uniformly stirring for later use;
(3) interplanting in mountain young tea garden by hole sowing method, digging soybean seed sowing holes with row spacing of 30cm and plant spacing of 10-20cm, covering with soil, and covering with 2-3 soybean seeds in each hole;
(4) observing the growth condition of the soybeans after the soybeans emerge and grow for 10-20 days, timely reseeding in the holes, and respectively spraying a plant resistance inducer and a bactericide once before the soybeans bloom; spraying an insecticide for one time in the branching stage of soybean, wherein the insecticide is one or more of thiamethoxam, lambda-cyhalothrin and indoxacarb;
(5) after the soybean leaves are completely fallen off, the soybeans are collected, aired until the moisture content of the soybeans is less than 5%, and stored. The plant resistance inducer is one or more of brassin, thiophanate methyl and mancozeb. The bactericide is one or more of ethylicin, kasugamycin, chlorothalonil and amino-oligosaccharin.
The effects of controlling grass, increasing fertilizer and improving efficiency of hole-sowed soybeans in the mountain young tea garden are fully realized, the weed generation amount in the mountain young tea garden is greatly reduced, the weeding frequency of the tea garden is reduced (at least 4 times), the labor intensity is greatly reduced, and the management and protection cost of the mountain young tea garden is reduced; meanwhile, the method can also realize the production of the soybeans in the mountain young tea garden, improve the economic benefit of the mountain young tea garden, more fully utilize the root characteristics of the soybeans, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil of the mountain young tea garden, improve the fertilizer efficiency and the air permeability of the soil, promote the rapid growth of tea seedlings, improve the garden building efficiency of the mountain tea garden and reduce the garden building cost.
In certain embodiments, the soybean variety is one or more of the anaphalis series, the qian bean series. The soybean is suitable for being planted in mountainous regions such as Guizhou and the like, has the characteristics of high growth vigor, large plants, strong pest resistance and the like, and can greatly improve the inhibition effect on the growth of weeds.
In some embodiments, the hole sowing method comprises the steps of deeply ploughing the soil in the tea garden by using a ploughing machine one week before digging a soybean sowing hole, finely arranging, applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer according to the proportion of 5-8 kg/mu, and uniformly stirring. Can ensure the requirement of base fertilizer for the mountain young tea garden. The depth of the deep ploughing is 20 cm.
In order to verify the technical effect of the invention to the maximum extent, the research team develops the following experimental studies.
Test 1: study on weed control effect of different relay intercropping densities
Selecting a soybean variety as Andou No. 5, interplanting soybeans in a Guicha first young tea garden established in Ganhui village, Huaqiao village, Longtang village, Datunn village in Shiqian county, and applying a biomass investigation method (fresh weight method) to the weed prevention and control effect of the intercropped soybeans according to the 125 th part of pesticide field efficacy test criteria (II): the herbicide is used for preventing and killing weeds in soybean fields (GB/T17980.125-2004), five test groups are established, three small areas of 4 square meters are randomly selected from each test group, the types of the weeds and the quantity of various weeds are observed and recorded on site, all the weeds are harvested and weighed, and the results are recorded as shown in tables 1 and 2.
Test group 1: sleeving tea tree rows of a young tea garden with soybeans, digging holes among the tea tree rows by adopting a hoe, wherein the row spacing among the holes is 10cm, the row spacing is 30cm, 2-3 soybeans are sown in each hole, and the soybean holes are covered with soil and marked as A;
test group 2: performing soybean relay intercropping according to the test group 1, wherein the plant spacing between the holes is 10cm, the row spacing is 40cm, and the mark is B;
test group 3: performing soybean relay intercropping according to the test group 1, wherein the plant spacing between the holes is 20cm, the row spacing is 30cm, and the mark is C;
test group 4: performing soybean relay intercropping according to the test group 1, wherein the plant spacing between the holes is 20cm, the row spacing is 40cm, and the mark is D;
test group 5: no treatment was done between tea rows and this was marked as CK.
One week before sowing, firstly turning over the soil of the young tea garden in the mountainous region by a turning-over machine for 20cm, finely arranging, applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer according to 5-8 kg/mu, and uniformly stirring for later use; then, interplanting soybeans according to the treatment modes of the test groups, after sowing, carrying out field management according to a conventional method, and respectively spraying a plant resistance inducer and a bactericide once before the soybeans bloom; spraying the insecticide once in the branching period of the soybeans, collecting the soybeans after the soybean leaves are completely fallen off, airing until the moisture content of the soybeans is less than 5%, and storing.
TABLE 1 Effect of different soybean relay intercropping densities on fresh weight of weeds in young tea gardens of mountainous regions
Note: the different letters treated by the same index have obvious difference (P is less than 0.05); the same applies below.
As can be seen from Table 1, when soybeans are relay-planted in the mountain young tea garden, the influence of the relay-planting density of the soybeans on the fresh weight of weeds in the tea garden is larger, and compared with a control group, the fresh weight of the weeds in the mountain young tea garden for relay-planting the soybeans is obviously lower than that of the control group (P is less than 0.05); in the test groups with different soybean relay intercropping densities, the average fresh weight per mu of the test group A and the test group C is the least, and respectively accounts for 5.74 percent and 6.88 percent of the control group, but the average fresh weight per mu of the grass between the test group A and the test group C is not obviously different (P is less than 0.05).
TABLE 2 Effect of different Soybean relay intercropping Density on weed number in young tea gardens in mountainous regions
As can be seen from table 2, the influence of different soybean relay intercropping densities in the young tea garden in the mountainous region on the number and the variety of weeds in the tea garden is large, and compared with a control, the number and the variety of the weeds in the young tea garden in the relay intercropping are significantly lower than the control (P is less than 0.05), and the occurrence of weeds, crowndaisy chrysanthemum (crassocarpumcroepididoides (Benth.) s.moore) is effectively inhibited; in different soybean relay intercropping density test groups, the number of weeds in the young tea garden C is the least, and the weeds only account for 10.44% of the control group.
Test 2: study on influence of different interplanting densities on growth of tea seedlings in tea garden
Based on test 1, the height, stem diameter, leaf number and root number of the tea garden tea seedlings in A, B, C, D, CK groups in test 1 were counted, and each treatment was repeated three times. The results are shown in table 3 below:
the plant height measuring method comprises the following steps: randomly pulling out the tea seedlings of each treatment group, and measuring the distance from the base to the top of the plant to obtain the plant height.
The stem diameter measuring method comprises the following steps: and (4) randomly pulling out the tea seedlings of each treatment group, and measuring the thickness of a newly grown part on the cutting base spike to obtain the stem diameter of the tea seedlings.
The blade number measuring method comprises the following steps: randomly pulling out the tea seedlings of each treatment group, and counting the number of leaves at the top ends of the pulled-out tea seedlings.
The root system quantity measuring method comprises the following steps: randomly pulling out the tea seedlings of each treatment group, and counting the number of root systems of the pulled-out tea seedlings.
TABLE 3 study of the influence of different relay intercropping densities on the growth of young tea seedlings in a tea garden
As can be seen from Table 3, the influence of different relay intercropping densities on the growth performance of the tea seedlings in the mountain tea garden is large, and compared with a control group, the growth of the tea seedlings is remarkably superior to that of the control group, so that the growth of the tea seedlings in the young mountain tea garden is greatly guaranteed; and in different interplanting density groups, A, C two groups have better improvement on the growth performance of the tea seedlings in the mountain young tea garden compared with a control: the treatment of the group C improves the height of the tea seedlings by 20 percent, the stem diameter is obviously thicker, the number of leaves is relatively more, particularly, the root system is more developed, the number of the root system is improved by about 22 percent compared with the control, and the number of the root system is obviously higher than the control (P < 0.05). The influence of different soybean relay intercropping densities on the fresh weight and the quantity of weeds and the influence of different relay intercropping densities on the growth of young tea garden tea seedlings are combined, and the group C treatment is used as the optimal grass control relay intercropping density of young tea garden soybeans, namely the plant spacing between soybean holes is 20cm, and the row spacing is 30 cm.
Test 3: research on influence of optimal grass-control soybean relay intercropping density on soil fertility of young tea garden
The optimal grass control soybean relay cropping density in the test 1 is used as a test group, namely the group C in the test 1 is used as the soybean relay cropping density for test treatment; the control group, CK, was made in test 1 without any treatment between the tea lines. In each group, 5 soil samples were randomly collected, and physical and chemical analyses such as pH, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter were performed on the collected soil samples, and the results are shown in table 4 below.
TABLE 4 influence of optimal grass-control soybean relay intercropping density in young mountain tea garden on soil physicochemical properties
As can be seen from table 4, the optimum density treatment of the soybeans for relay intercropping in the mountain young tea garden leads the soil hydrolysis nitrogen, the quick-acting phosphorus and the organic matters in the young tea garden to be significantly higher than those in the control group, which are 177.08%, 206.46% and 188.79% respectively; the pH and the quick-acting potassium content have no obvious difference (P is less than 0.05), namely: the reasonable density relay intercropping of the soybeans in the young tea garden in the mountainous region can obviously improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil of the young tea garden and improve the soil fertility.
Test 4: economic benefit analysis generated by optimal grass control soybean relay intercropping density
The optimal grass control soybean relay cropping density in the test 1 is used as a test group, namely the group C in the test 1 is used as the soybean relay cropping density; the control group, CK, was obtained without any treatment between the tea tree lines in test 1. The yield of soybeans was estimated by randomly selecting 4 square meters of area on the test site, harvesting all soybeans (in the form of pods) using field direct measurements on soybeans, weighing the fresh weight, and multiplying the result by a conversion factor of 0.5 (minus the pods and moisture content), as shown in tables 5 and 6 below.
TABLE 5 Soybean yield for optimal control of grass and soybean relay intercropping density in young mountain tea garden
TABLE 6 economic benefit analysis of optimal grass-control soybean relay intercropping density of young mountain tea garden
As can be seen from tables 5 and 6, the yield of soybeans measured in the field is 116.14 Kg/mu, and the yield of soybeans is 929.12 Yuan/mu calculated according to the market price of 8 Yuan/Kg soybeans. Meanwhile, the weeding is carried out according to the condition that 200 yuan is required for once weeding per mu, 1 time of weeding is carried out in the relay intercropping soybean young tea garden, the investment is about 200 yuan/mu (including bean seeds, fertilizers, manual investment and the like), the weeding is carried out 4 times in the period from sowing to soybean harvesting in the non-relay intercropping soybean young tea garden (4 months to 8 months, total about 4 months), the investment is 800 yuan/mu, 3 times of weeding can be reduced through comprehensive analysis, and the investment is 600 yuan/mu can be saved. From tables 5 and 6, the optimal density treatment of the soybeans in the intercropping in the mountain young tea garden can save cost and increase efficiency by about 1329.12 yuan/mu compared with the treatment of the soybeans without intercropping, so that the mountain young tea garden can obtain better economic benefit in the garden building period, the economic difficulty in the garden building development period of the mountain young tea garden is solved, and the labor intensity and the cost are greatly reduced.
The invention may be implemented in other ways which are not obvious from the prior art or which are known to the person skilled in the art, for example: the invention is characterized in that the plant resistance inducer and the bactericide are sprayed once in the soybean flowering period; spraying the insecticide once in the branching stage of the soybeans, and spraying according to the instruction on the adopted medicines. The special description is that: in the specific test process of the invention, no plant resistance inducer, bactericide and insecticide is sprayed.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for controlling weeds, increasing fertilizer and improving efficiency of soybeans planted in a mountain young tea garden is characterized in that a hole sowing method is adopted among rows of tea trees, soybeans are sown in holes according to the row spacing between the holes of 10-20cm and the row spacing of 30cm, 2-3 soybean seeds are sown in each hole, and covering soil is carried out.
2. The method for controlling grass, increasing fertilizer and improving efficiency of the soybeans intercropped in the mountain young tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soybean seeds are one or more of Andou series and Qian bean series.
3. The method for controlling grass, increasing fertilizer and improving efficiency of relay intercropping soybeans in a tea garden in young mountainous regions as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the hole sowing method, a ploughing machine is adopted to deeply plough soil in the tea garden for one week before digging a soybean sowing hole, the soil is finely divided, and a low-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied according to 5-8 kg/mu and is uniformly mixed.
4. The method for controlling grass, increasing fertilizer and enhancing efficiency of soybeans relay-planted in the mountain young tea garden as claimed in claim 3, wherein the depth of the deep plowing is 20 cm.
5. The method for controlling grass, increasing fertilizer and improving efficiency of relay intercropping soybeans in the mountain young tea garden as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting soybean varieties with high growth vigor, large plants and strong pest and disease resistance;
(2) according to the time period that the soybean variety is suitable for sowing, firstly turning the soil of the young tea garden in the mountainous region by a turning machine for 20cm deep and finely arranging one week before sowing, applying a low-nitrogen compound fertilizer according to 5-8 kg/mu, and uniformly stirring for later use;
(3) interplanting the young tea gardens in the mountainous region by adopting a hole sowing method, digging soybean sowing holes according to the row spacing between the holes of 10-20cm and the row spacing of 30cm, wherein each hole contains 2-3 soybean seeds, and covering with soil;
(4) observing the growth condition of the soybeans after the seedlings emerge and grow for 10-20 days, timely replanting seeds in the holes, and respectively spraying a plant resistance inducer and a bactericide once before the soybeans bloom; spraying an insecticide for one time in the branching stage of soybean, wherein the insecticide is one or more of thiamethoxam, lambda-cyhalothrin and indoxacarb;
(5) after the soybean leaves are completely fallen off, the soybeans are collected and aired until the moisture content of the soybeans is less than 5 percent, and then the soybeans are stored.
6. The method for controlling grass and increasing fertilizer and enhancing efficiency of the relay intercropping soybeans in the young mountain tea garden as claimed in claim 5, wherein the plant resistance inducer is one or more of brassin, thiophanate methyl and mancozeb.
7. The method for controlling grass, increasing fertilizer and improving efficiency of relay intercropping soybeans in the young tea garden on the mountainous region as claimed in claim 5, wherein the bactericide is one or more of ethylicin, kasugamycin, chlorothalonil and amino-oligosaccharin.
8. The method for controlling grass, increasing fertilizer and improving efficiency of the soybeans relay intercropping in the mountain young tea garden as claimed in claim 5, wherein the soybean variety is one or more of Andou series and Qian bean series.
9. The method for controlling grass and increasing fertilizer and enhancing efficiency of interplanting soybeans in the young mountain tea garden as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 is used for inhibiting the growth of the weeds crowndaisy chrysanthemum in the young mountain tea garden.
10. A method for inhibiting the growth of crowndaisy chrysanthemum in a mountain young tea garden is characterized in that soybeans are planted among rows of tea trees of the mountain young tea garden in a hole sowing mode, the hole density of the hole sowing mode is 10-20cm, holes are dug at a row spacing of 30cm, 2-3 soybean seeds are sowed in each hole, and covering with soil is carried out.
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