CN1140609A - 经鼻给药用制剂 - Google Patents
经鼻给药用制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1140609A CN1140609A CN96110625A CN96110625A CN1140609A CN 1140609 A CN1140609 A CN 1140609A CN 96110625 A CN96110625 A CN 96110625A CN 96110625 A CN96110625 A CN 96110625A CN 1140609 A CN1140609 A CN 1140609A
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- Prior art keywords
- powder
- medicament
- vaccine
- nasal administration
- administration
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于疾病预防或治疗的含有疫苗或具有药效的活性肽的经鼻给药用制剂。该制剂是在平均粒径200μm以下的离子交换树脂的粉末中配合加入有效量的疫苗或具有药效的活性肽形成的悬浊液或粉末状制剂。
Description
本发明涉及含有疫苗或肽类激素、生理活性蛋白及酶蛋白等具有药效的活性肽的经鼻给药用制剂。
近年,随着分子生物学及肽合成技术的进步,疫苗用抗原物质及具有药效的活性肽的供给能力已经提高了。
目前,在发展中国家对白喉、百日咳、脊髓灰质炎、麻疹及结核的预防接种已经进行了广泛深入的研究。特别是对于儿童用的疫苗,其开发的目标有以下几种,①减少不经过注射的疫苗引起的副反应(作用),易于品质管理及提高粘膜免疫,②开发以一次给药为目标的缓释佐剂,③保持由耐热性疫苗产生的活疫苗的效价(40℃、3周)及④开发多价疫苗。另一方面,在发达国家,从方便老人医疗的观点出发目前期待开发流感疫苗。另外,疫苗类多数是根据其适用的不同而进行给药,多数情况下是不问患者的年龄、性别即进行给药,但还不能从其物性上期待可以通过口服、透皮、直肠及舌下给药进行的接种能够具有充分的免疫效果,因此目前只有通过皮下注射进行接种。另外还期待开发一种简易的成分疫苗经鼻给药接种方法,先前的给以单纯的抗原并不能获得充分的免疫效果。
具有药效的活性肽例如有胰岛素、降钙素、elcatonin、salmon carcitonin、醋酸buserelin(Gn-RH衍生物)、醋酸leuprolelin(LH-RH衍生物)、somatropin、及胰高血糖素等,它们是疾病治疗不可缺少的药物,但这些药物几乎都不能从肠道粘膜、直肠粘膜、舌下及正常皮肤被吸收,另外因为被消化道内的蛋白酶分解而失活,所以通过口服、透皮、直肠及舌下给药几乎没有药效。因此,目前胰岛素、醋酸buserelin及醋酸leu prolelin是通过皮下给药,elcatonin及Salmon carcitonin是通过肌肉注射给药。
注射给药特别是皮下注射不但给患者带来痛苦,同时因为药物在体内代谢迅速,所以给药频率高,严重影响了人们的生活质量。而且频繁的注射会对皮肤造成损害,还有因注射针引起的污染及感染的危险,因此尽可能地以口服、滴眼、滴鼻等最简单的给药方法给药,这在发展中国家的优点是非常多的。
近年来期待开发一种对于疫苗或具有药效的活性肽可以采用非注射形式由患者自己给药,同时可以获得持续的药效的给药方法。对于一般的肽类药物,除注射以外的口服、透皮、直肠及舌下给药难以获得理想的生物利用度,鉴于此,进行了选择鼻腔粘膜作为给药部位的肽类药物的经鼻给药试验,并取得了一定的效果。
其结果制成了若干利用喷入法将液剂或散剂作用于鼻腔内的实用制品,但其中大多数是用于鼻腔内的洗涤、杀菌、镇痛及消炎等以局部药效为目的产品。
另一方面,对于以全身药效为目的的经鼻给药方法也进行了各种制剂的研究,但都没有达到实用化的程度。这是因为经鼻给药不能得到充分的药效,对于鼻粘膜的局部刺激性高,在鼻腔内部药物不稳定,药物的气味很差,结果是经鼻给药不能达到理想的药效,而且药物本身利用口服或注射给药药效已很充分,没有特别依赖于经鼻给药的必要。但目前对于具有药效的活性肽的研究还不能说已经充分了,迄今为止已经开发了有关降钙素的鼻腔内喷雾液体制剂及含氟气体喷射粉末悬浊的鼻腔内喷雾制剂及有关buserelin的滴鼻液等制品。这些利用滴鼻给药方法的制品达到实用化的技术背景是在鼻腔内的鼻粘膜固有层上静脉小血管非常丰富,从肠道粘膜、直肠粘膜、舌下及正常皮肤几乎不被吸收的生理活性肽可以从该鼻粘膜固有层被吸收,进入全身循环,由此可以产生药效。
但是很难说这些生理活性肽的已知产品能够在有效地维持吸收率方面充分发挥其性能。另外,还未能克服经鼻给药时对鼻腔粘膜产生的刺激性、喷雾制剂特有的冷感刺激、滴鼻液在给药后的流失等缺点。
本发明的目的在于,对于疫苗或具有药效的活性肽,提供一种提高疫苗接种效率、改善活性肽的吸收率且临床效果、使用方便性及安全性均很优良的经鼻给药用制剂。
为使疫苗或具有活性的肽产生临床效果,必须要有一种能够将疫苗或具有药效的肽搬运至鼻腔粘膜,并在鼻腔粘膜处游离,并使之向血中转移、吸收的载体。该载体以固体或悬浊液的状态、以适度的力粘附疫苗或具有药效的肽,该载体必须具有一旦到达鼻腔粘膜的粘膜层后即将载带的药物游离的性质。
因此首先对具有符合该目的性能的、对人体没有影响、无害、不含多余杂质的、且此前已有对人给药先例的粉末载体进行了深入的研究,结果发现了离子交换树脂(有机聚合物)及吸附树脂(有机聚合物)。
离子交换树脂,特别是阳离子交换树脂能够将胰岛素等酸性蛋白质以固体状态物理吸附,在粘液中带负电荷的阳离子交换树脂与同样带负电的胰岛素等酸性蛋白质互相电排斥,从而将酸性蛋白质游离。因此,阳离子交换树脂适合作为胰岛素等酸性蛋白质的载体。
研究结果发现,将平均粒径200μm以下的离子交换树脂或吸附树脂的粉末与疫苗类的混合悬浊液向鼻腔内给药,能够产生理想的充分的预防接种效果,以及将离子交换树脂或吸附树脂粉末与具有药效的活性肽粉末的均匀混合物向鼻腔内给药后,可以发现这些药剂具有理想的临床治疗效果。
为达到上述目的及效果,本发明的悬浊液或粉末经鼻给药用制剂,是由离子交换树脂及吸附树脂的粉末分别单独使用或2种以上配合使用,再配合加入疫苗类或具有药效的活性肽而组成。
作为向粉末载体内加入疫苗或具有药效的活性肽的配合方法没有特别限定,只要是能将二者均匀稳定地物理混合的任何方法都可以。
这种情况下,例如有以下几种方法:①在疫苗类的水溶液或悬浊液中加入离子交换树脂及吸附树脂的粉末调制成混合悬浊液,及②在任意的相对湿度环境下,将疫苗干燥粉末或具有药效的活性肽粉末与离子交换树脂或吸附树脂的粉末单纯搅拌混合、乳钵混合或球磨混合,③将①的混合悬浊液蒸发干燥成粉末,④在②的粉末混合时加入乙醇等有机溶剂提高混合均匀性的方法。
在将本发明的制剂以粉末状态在鼻腔内给药时,必须要减少在给药局部的异物感、易于喷雾给药、且分散性不能过高。因此用于本发明的离子交换树脂及吸附树脂的粉末的平均粒径为200μm以下,优选10-150μm,更优选40-40μm。离子交换树脂为用于分离精制的物质,离子交换树脂粉末具体例如有与作为官能团的磺酸、羧酸或其盐(例如钠盐、钾盐、钙盐等)结合的聚苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸树脂、丙烯酸树脂、酚醛树脂、纤维素聚合物、葡聚糖聚合物(具体有日局聚苯乙烯磺酸钠、日局聚苯乙烯磺酸钙、Amberlite IRP64、Amberlite CG-50、Amberlite DP-1、Dowex-2等)。阴离子交换树脂例如有季铵或其盐(例如氯化物等,具体有Cholestyamine、Amberlite IRP-67、Amberlite IRA-68、Dowex-50w等)。
吸附树脂为用于分离精制的物质,其粉末例如有苯乙烯二乙烯基苯(具体有Diaion HP10、Diaion HP20、Sepabead 207、Amberlite XAD2、Rewatitto OC1031、Dolite ES861等)、甲基丙烯酸酯(具体有Diaion HPZMG、Amberlite XAD-7等)、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯树脂及氨基酸亚砜等。
本发明制剂中,疫苗或具有药效的活性肽的粉末粒子通过混合操作以附着状态存在于作为载体的水不溶性或水难溶性高分子的粉末粒子上,将制剂向鼻腔内给药后,药物在粘膜的粘液层上从制剂中游离,经由鼻腔内粘膜被吸收。另外,为提高药物的粉末粒子向粉末载体的附着性,药物的粉末粒子越微细越好,其平均粒径为30μm以下,优选20μm以下。
本发明的制剂在人鼻腔内的给药总重量为,以粉末状态给药为约5-50mg,优选10-30mg,更优选15-25mg,此时在制剂中配合加入有效给药量的疫苗类或具有药效的活性肽,再向其中加入载体粉末,这样得到的总量作为给药总重量。另外,以悬浊液状态给药为0.1-2.5ml,优选0.2-2.0ml,更优选0.3-1.5ml左右。此时,二者的混合重量比无特别限定,根据各药物与载体粉末的种类的组合而定。
在本发明的制剂中配合加入的疫苗的种类及其有效给药量如下。疫苗种类 一次有效给药量(在5-50mg载体粉末上混合附着)白喉 6-120Lf百日咳 4-16IU麻疹 5000-20000TCID50风疹 1000-4000TCID50流感 70-1300CCA日本脑炎 0.25-2.0ml霍乱 4-80亿个流行性腮腺炎5000-20000TCID50水痘 1000-4000PFUB型肝炎 10μg-80μg破伤风 5-20LfBCG 12-320mg
其他的疫苗种类还有病毒。
在本发明的制剂中加入的具有药效的活性肽如果是局部刺激性弱的可以经鼻给药的物质,则无特别限定,例如胰岛素、胰高血糖素、降钙素、促胃酸激素、甲状旁腺激素、血管紧张素、生长素、促胰液素、促黄体激素(催乳激素)、促甲状腺激素、促黑素细胞激素、促黄体形成素激素、加压素、催产素、protyrelin、促肾上腺皮质激素及垂体生长激素等肽类激素,生长素刺激因子(Somatostatin)、G-CSG、红细胞生长素、EGF、干扰素及interleukin等生理活性蛋白、SOD及其衍生物,尿激酶及溶菌酶等,各药物的有效给药量如下。具有药效的活性肽 一次有效给药量:混合附着于
5-50mg载体粉末上胰岛素 4-80单位降钙素 10-320单位Elcatonin 10-320单位Salmon Calcitonin 10-320单位醋酸Buserelin 0.1-0.5mg(Gn-RH衍生物)醋酸Leuprolelin 0.1-0.5mg(LH-RH衍生物)Somatropin 4-60IU胰高血糖素 0.25-5mg
为保持本发明制剂中的各药物的稳定及在因为药物的绝对重量较少而不能进行正确的混合操作的情况下,也可根据药物的种类不同而加入明胶、琥珀酸明胶、分解明胶及人血清白蛋白等蛋白质、天冬氨酸等氨基酸及甘露糖醇等糖类作为增量剂,对于这些稳定剂或增量剂与各药物的混合方法无特别限定。另外,对增量剂与各药物的混合比例也无特别限定。
另外,在本发明的制剂中为提高粉末的流动性也可以加入0.1-2重量%的润滑剂(具体有滑石粉、亮氨酸、硬脂酸镁等)。
本发明的制剂中,为提高在鼻腔内制剂对粘膜的附着固定性及为了使悬浊液分散稳定化,还可以加入水溶性高分子粉末(具体有平均粒径为约0.5-200μm、优选2-100μm的聚丙烯酸及聚甲基丙烯酸及其钠盐、钾盐等金属盐类、聚丙烯酰胺等水溶性丙烯酸高分子,其分子量为约3万以上,优选5万-1000万以上,及羧乙烯基聚合物(Carbopole R)、甲基纤维素类、乙基纤维素类、羟甲基纤维素类、羟丙基纤维素类、羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基壳多糖、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、脂胶树脂、聚丁烯、羟丙基淀粉、羧甲基淀粉、聚乙烯醚、及聚氧化乙烯(平均分子量为2万-900万,优选10万-700万)、作为天然高分子有透明质酸、褐藻酸钠、明胶、谷胶、羧甲基淀粉、羟丙基淀粉、阿拉伯胶、甘露聚糖、葡聚糖、西黄蓍胶、支链淀粉、xanthin gum、凝橡胶、locust beangum、酪蛋白、聚乙烯醚、果胶等的粉末等)。
本发明的制剂中使用的粉末状物质也可配合加入至油脂类(具体为凡士林、液体石蜡及中链脂肪酸甘油酯等)及多元醇类(具体有甘油等)等中,形成非水性悬浊液或软膏的形态后再进行经鼻给药。
另外,为了矫味、矫臭的目的,在本发明的制剂中也可加入各种香料、甜味剂、糖类粉末、氨基酸类粉末及有机酸等,为了使生理活性肽稳定,也可加入水溶性的酸、碱及其盐类及螯合剂等。
以下通过实验例说明本发明的制剂。实验例1.将本发明的胰岛素制剂对兔子经鼻给药(1)样品的制备
将胰岛素粉末40mg与载体粉末200mg置于玛瑙乳钵中,在室温、相对湿度30-40%的条件下,用乳棒均匀混合10分钟。再加入载体粉末200mg进行同样的混合20分钟。再加入载体粉末560mg进行同样混合20分钟,制得含有胰岛素的本发明的制剂。将该制剂充填入明胶硬胶囊中制成样品,每个胶囊中含有相当于25单位的胰岛素。另外,在各样品中加入的载体粉末如下。样品I:平均粒径40μm的日局聚苯乙烯磺酸钠样品II:平均粒径55μm的聚苯乙烯磺酸钙样品III:平均粒径45μm的苯乙烯二乙烯基苯(Diaion HP10)(2)实验方法
通过胰岛素敏感性试验(将速效型胰岛素1IU/kg皮下给药)进行筛选,使用11周龄、体重2.80-3.21kg的雄性Std:NZW系兔子8只,皮下注射安定3mg/kg使之稳定后,使用改造成用于兔子经鼻给药的PABULIZER(帝人株式会社)将样品经鼻给药。另外,作为对照将胰岛素水溶液按3IU/只的量进行皮下给药。在给药前、及给药15、30、45、60、90、120、150、180、240、300及360分钟后从耳静脉采血,测定血浆中的胰岛素浓度。另外,使用电极式简易血糖测定器(TOECHO SUPER,株式会社京都第一科学/MARION MERRELL DOW K.K.制)测定血糖值。(3)结果
与血浆中胰岛素浓度有关的实验结果如图1所示。(4)结论
由表1的结果可知,将使用日局聚苯乙烯磺酸钠、聚苯乙烯磺酸钙或苯乙烯二乙烯基苯(Diaion HP10)作为载体粉末的本发明的制剂经鼻给药后,胰岛素被吸收并向血中转移。其结果如图2所示,可以看出使血糖值显著降低。实验例2,将本发明的流感疫苗制剂对小鼠经鼻给药。(1)样品的制备
将抗原液(流感粗HA蛋白2.15mg/ml、注射用精制水)10μl及载体(平均粒径40μm的日局聚苯乙烯磺酸钠及平均粒径45μm的聚苯乙烯磺酸钙粉末的各0.5g/ml悬浊液、注射用精制水)20μl混合,搅拌1小时制成混合水性悬浊液。(2)实验方法
使用Balb/c系的6-8周龄的雌性小鼠,每组10只,共3组。对第1组经鼻给以抗原液,对第2及第3组分别经鼻给以使用日局聚苯乙烯磺酸钠或聚苯乙烯磺酸钙粉末制成的混合水性悬浊液,给药量为3μl。给药4周后从心脏采血,分离血清,同时用PBS 1ml得到鼻腔洗涤液。然后采用酶抗体法(ELISA)对各血清及鼻腔洗涤液检品中的总免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgM、IgA)及HA蛋白特异抗体(IgA、IgG)定量。
(3)结果
下表1所示为HA特异IgA的定量结果。
表1经鼻给以使用离子交换树脂载体的流感疫苗引起的免疫应答
HA特异IgA*
鼻洗涤液 血清HA 单独(对照) <2 <2HA +日局聚苯乙烯磺酸钠 25 23HA +聚苯乙烯磺酸钙 23 22
*:以ELISA法检测显示阳性(OD<0.3)的稀释倍数(4)结论
由表1可知,通过经鼻给以使用日局聚苯乙烯磺酸钠及聚苯乙烯磺酸钙等的离子交换树脂作为载体的流感疫苗,可以引起很高的免疫激活。即,本发明的由疫苗及离子交换树脂组成的制剂具有免疫激活功能,作为可以经鼻给药的预防接种制剂,除流感疫苗之外,对麻疹、百日咳、及白喉疫苗等也很有效。
以下利用实施例具体说明本发明的内容。实施例1
将流感疫苗(抗原液;流感粗HA蛋白2.15mg/ml水溶液,注射用精制水)2l及载体(平均粒径40μm的日局聚苯乙烯磺酸钠粉末的各0.5g/ml悬浊液,注射用精制水)4l混合,搅拌1小时制成混合水性悬浊液。将该悬浊液以每次0.6ml的量在人鼻腔内喷雾或滴液给药。实施例2
在白喉疫苗(白喉类毒素约301f/ml与铝盐的悬浊液)2l中加入平均粒径30μm的聚苯乙烯磺酸钙粉末,使浓度为0.5g/ml,搅拌2小时制成混合水性悬浊液。将该悬浊液每次1ml在人鼻腔内喷雾或滴液给药。实施例3
在玛瑙制的球磨乳钵内加入干燥弱毒性麻疹疫苗的冻干粉末4×108TCID50及平均粒径40μm的日局聚苯乙烯磺酸钠粉末200g,在室温、相对湿度20-30%的条件下,旋转搅拌10分钟,混合均匀。再加入该载体粉末2008同样混合20分钟。再加入该载体粉末560g同样混合20分钟,制成含有麻疹疫苗的本发明的制剂。将相当于10000TCID50的约25mg本制剂充填入日局4号明胶硬胶囊中,PTP包装后,装入铝袋成为制品。将该制品在人鼻腔内喷雾给药。实施例4
在玛瑙制球磨乳钵中加入干燥弱毒性流行性腮腺炎疫苗的冻干粉末2.8×108TCID50及平均粒径40μm的苯乙烯二乙烯基苯粉末(具体为Diaion HP10)200g,在室温、相对湿度20-30%条件下,旋转搅拌10分钟,混合均匀。再加入该载体粉末200g同样混合20分钟。再加入该载体粉末560g同样混合20分钟,制成含有流行性腮腺炎疫苗的本发明制剂。将相当于7000TCID50的约25mg本制剂充填入日局4号明胶硬胶囊中,PTP包装后装入铝袋中成为制品。实施例5
在霍乱菌苗(含有稻叶型及小川型的S型霍乱菌20亿个/0.5ml的悬浊液)2l中加入平均粒径40μm的日局聚苯乙烯磺酸钠粉末,使浓度为0.5g/ml,搅拌1小时制成混合水性悬浊液。每次将含有相当于该稻叶型及小川型的S型霍乱菌20亿个的悬浊液0.6ml在人鼻腔内喷雾或滴液给药。实施例6
在玛瑙制球磨乳钵中加入干燥弱毒性水痘疫苗的干燥粉末1.2×108PFU及平均粒径40μm的聚苯乙烯磺酸钙粉末200g,在室温、相对湿度30-40%的条件下,旋转搅拌10分钟,混合均匀。再加入该载体粉末200g同样混合20分钟。再加入该载体粉末560g同样混合20分钟制成含有干燥弱毒性水痘疫苗的本发明制剂。将相当于3000PFU的本制剂约25mg充填入日局4号明胶硬胶囊中,PTP包装后装入铝袋中成为制品。实施例7
在日本脑炎疫苗(含有日本脑炎病毒的悬浊液10ml/瓶、含有稻叶型及小川型的S型霍乱菌20亿个/0.5ml的悬浊液)2l中混合加入平均粒径40μm的日局聚苯乙烯磺酸钠粉末,使浓度为0.5g/ml,混合,搅拌1小时成为混合水性悬浊液。将该悬浊液1ml在人鼻腔内滴液给药。实施例8
在沉降破伤风类毒素(破伤风类毒素十铝盐的悬浊液,约10Lf/ml)2l中混合加入平均粒径为40μm的日局聚苯乙烯磺酸钠粉末,使浓度为0.5g/ml,搅拌1小时成为混合水性悬浊液。将含有相当于破伤风类毒素5Lf的该悬浊液0.5ml在人鼻腔内喷雾或滴液给药。实施例9
在重组沉降B型肝炎疫苗(重组HBs抗原蛋白20μg/ml)2l中混合加入平均粒径40μm的日局聚苯乙烯磺酸钠粉末;使浓度为0.5μg/ml,搅拌1小时成为混合水性悬浊液。将含有相当于重组沉降B型肝炎疫苗10μg的该悬浊液0.5ml在人鼻腔内喷雾或滴液给药。实施例10
在玛瑙制球磨乳钵中加入干燥BCG疫苗(卡介苗)的干燥粉末100g及平均粒径40μm的聚苯乙烯磺酸钙粉末100g,在室温、相对湿度30-40%条件下旋转搅拌10分钟,混合均匀。再加入该载体粉末200g同样混合20分钟。再加入该载体粉末200g同样混合20分钟,制得含有干燥BCG疫苗的本发明制剂。将12mg相当量的组合物约60mg充填入日局4号明胶硬胶囊中,PTP包装后装入铝袋中成为制品。实施例11
在玛瑙制球磨乳钵中加入干燥弱毒性风疹疫苗的干燥粉末8×107TCID50及平均粒径40μm的聚苯乙烯磺酸钙粉末200g,在室温、相对湿度30-40%条件下旋转搅拌10分钟,混合均匀。再加入该载体粉末200g同样混合20分钟。再加入该载体粉末200g同样混合20分钟。再加入该载体粉末560g同样混合20分钟,制得含有干燥弱毒性风疹疫苗的本发明制剂。将2000TCID50相当量的组合物约25mg充填入日局4号明胶硬胶囊中,PTP包装后装入铝装中成为制品。实施例12
在玛瑙制球磨乳钵中加入胰岛素粉末40g及平均粒径40μm的日局聚苯乙烯磺酸钠粉末200g,在室温、相对湿度30-40%条件下旋转搅拌10分钟,混合均匀。再加入该载体粉末560g同样混合20分钟,制得含有胰岛素的本发明制剂。相当于胰岛素25单位的该制剂约25mg充填入日局4号明胶硬胶囊中,PTP包装后装入铝袋中成为制品。使用PABLIZER将本制品对人经鼻给药。实施例13
在玛瑙制球磨乳钵中加入胰岛素粉末40g及平均粒径38μm的Amberlite IRP 64粉末200g,在室温、相对湿度30-40%条件下旋转搅拌10分钟,混合均匀。再加入该载体粉末200g同样混合20分钟。再加入该载体粉末560g同样混合20分钟,制得含有胰岛素的本发明制剂。将相当于胰岛素25单位的该制剂约25mg充填入日局4号明胶硬胶囊中,PTP包装后装入铝袋中成为制品。使用PABLIZER将本制品对人经鼻给药。实施例14
在玛瑙制球磨乳钵中加入醋酸buserelin粉末40g及平均粒径38μm的Amberlite URP64粉末200g,在室温、相对湿度30-40%条件下旋转搅拌10分钟,混合均匀。再加入该载体粉末200g同样混合20分钟。再加入该载体粉末2500g同样混合20分钟,制得含有醋酸buserelin的本发明制剂。将相当于醋酸buserelin300μg的该制剂30mg充填入日局4号明胶硬胶囊中,PTP包装后装入铝袋中成为制品。实施例15
在玛瑙制球磨乳钵中加入高血糖素粉末100g及平均粒径40μm的日局聚苯乙烯磺酸钠粉末500g,在室温、相对湿度40-50%条件下旋转搅拌30分钟,混合均匀。再加入该载体粉末400g同样混合20分钟。再加入该载体粉末300g同样混合20分钟,制得含有高血糖素的本发明制剂。将相当于胰高血糖素1000μg的本制剂40mg充填入日局4号明胶硬胶囊中,PTP包装后装入铝袋中成为制品。实施例16
在玛瑙制球磨乳钵中加入胰岛素粉末40g及平均粒径40μm的苯乙烯二乙烯基苯(Diaion HP)粉末200g,在室温、相对湿度30-40%条件下旋转搅拌10分钟,混合均匀。再加入该载体粉末200g同样混合20分钟。再加入该载体粉末560g同样混合20分钟,制得含有胰岛素的本发明制剂。将相当于胰岛素25单位的本制位剂25mg充填入日局4号明胶硬胶囊中,PTP包装后装入铝袋中成为制品。实施例17
在玛瑙制球磨乳钵中加入胰岛素粉末40g及平均粒径40μm的苯乙烯二乙烯基苯(Diaion HP)粉末200g,在室温、相对湿度30-40%条件下旋转搅拌10分钟,混合均匀。再加入羟丙基甲基纤维素10g及同上树脂粉末190g同样混合20分钟。再加入同上树脂粉末560g同样混合20分钟,制得含有胰岛素的本发明制剂。将相当于胰岛素25单位的约25mg本制剂充填入日局4号明胶硬胶囊中,PTP包装后装入铝袋中成为制品。实施例18
在玛瑙制球磨乳钵中加入醋酸buserelin粉末30g及平均粒径38μm的Amberlite IRP64粉末300g,在室温、相对湿度30-40%条件下旋转搅拌10分钟,混合均匀。再加入该载体粉末200g同样混合20分钟。再加入该载体粉末2500g及薄荷醇0.2g同样混合20分钟,制得含有醋酸buserelin的本发明制剂。将相当于醋酸buserelin 300μg的本制剂30mg充填入日局4号明胶硬胶囊中,PTP包装后装入铝袋中成为制品。实施例19
在玛瑙制球磨乳钵中加入胰岛素粉末40g及平均粒径38μm的Amberlite IRP64粉末200g,在室温、相对湿度30-40%条件下旋转搅拌10分钟,混合均匀。再加入该载体粉末200g同样混合20分钟。再加入该载体粉末200g同样混合20分钟。在该混合粉末中加入中链脂肪酸甘油酯360g制得本发明制剂。将相当于胰岛素25单位的本制剂25mg通过滴鼻向鼻腔内给药。实施例20
将胰岛素粉末及明胶各40g与水100ml均匀混合,然后真空干燥成粉末。再将该粉末及平均粒径38μm的Amberlite IRP64粉末160g加入玛瑙制球磨乳钵中,在室温、相对湿度30-40%条件下均匀搅拌10分钟,混合均匀。之后与实施例13同样操作制得本发明制剂。将相当于25单位胰岛素的该制剂约25mg充填入日局4号明胶硬胶囊中,PTP包装后装入铝袋中成为制品。
Claims (8)
1.一种经鼻给药用制剂,是单独或并用2种以上的离子交换树脂或吸附树脂的粉末,再向其中配合加入疫苗或具有药效的活性肽形成的悬浊液或粉末制剂。
2.权利要求1中记载的经鼻给药用制剂,其特征在于离子交换树脂为阳离子交换树脂。
3.权利要求1或2中任一项记载的经鼻给药用制剂,其中的离子交换树脂或吸附树脂粉末的平均粒径为200μm以下。
4.权利要求1中记载的经鼻给药用制剂,其中的疫苗种类为白喉、百日咳、麻疹、风疹、流感、日本脑炎、钩端螺旋体性黄疸、霍乱、流行性腮腺炎、水痘、病毒性肝炎、破伤风及BCG。
5.权利要求1中记载的经鼻给药用制剂,其中具有药效的活性肽为肽类激素、生理活性蛋白及酶蛋白。
6.权利要求1中记载的经鼻给药用制剂,其中具有药效的活性肽为胰岛素、降钙素、elcatonin、Salmon calcitonin、醋酸buserelin、(Gn-RH衍生物)、醋酸leuprolelin(LH-RH衍生物)、促生长激素及胰高血糖素。
7.权利要求1或2中任一项记载的经鼻给药用制剂,是将疫苗或具有药效的活性肽与各种盐类、蛋白质、氨基酸及糖类等的混合物配合加入至离子交换树脂或吸附树脂粉末中。
8.权利要求1或2中任一项记载的经鼻给药用制剂,其中含有1种或2种以上的由下列物质组成的组中选择的物质,缓冲剂、各种润滑剂、水溶性高分子粉末、油脂类、多元醇类、糖类粉末、氨基酸类粉末、水溶性的酸、碱及其盐类、香料、及螯合剂。
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-
1995
- 1995-07-12 JP JP07197919A patent/JP3098401B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-06-17 GB GB9612841A patent/GB2303064B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-21 ES ES09601391A patent/ES2116918B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-21 IT IT96MI001261A patent/IT1284049B1/it active IP Right Grant
- 1996-06-28 CA CA002180215A patent/CA2180215A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-07-02 KR KR1019960026693A patent/KR970005305A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-07-04 FR FR9608326A patent/FR2736547A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-07-06 DE DE19627392A patent/DE19627392A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-07-10 US US08/679,161 patent/US5942242A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-07-10 CN CN96110625A patent/CN1140609A/zh active Pending
- 1996-07-10 AU AU59452/96A patent/AU702108B2/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106362158A (zh) * | 2015-07-25 | 2017-02-01 | 于杰 | 增效药物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU5945296A (en) | 1997-01-23 |
IT1284049B1 (it) | 1998-05-08 |
ES2116918B1 (es) | 1999-04-01 |
AU702108B2 (en) | 1999-02-11 |
GB2303064B (en) | 1999-10-06 |
CA2180215A1 (en) | 1997-01-13 |
US5942242A (en) | 1999-08-24 |
DE19627392A1 (de) | 1997-01-16 |
KR970005305A (ko) | 1997-02-19 |
FR2736547A1 (fr) | 1997-01-17 |
GB2303064A (en) | 1997-02-12 |
ITMI961261A1 (it) | 1997-12-21 |
ES2116918A1 (es) | 1998-07-16 |
ITMI961261A0 (zh) | 1996-06-21 |
JPH0925238A (ja) | 1997-01-28 |
JP3098401B2 (ja) | 2000-10-16 |
GB9612841D0 (en) | 1996-08-21 |
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