CN1135228A - 用于改进聚酯组合物的母料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

用于改进聚酯组合物的母料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1135228A
CN1135228A CN94194146.9A CN94194146A CN1135228A CN 1135228 A CN1135228 A CN 1135228A CN 94194146 A CN94194146 A CN 94194146A CN 1135228 A CN1135228 A CN 1135228A
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K·C·哈马尼
小·J·W·默瑟
R·L·麦克科奈尔
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Abstract

公开了一种在含有一种聚烯烃和一种多官能羧酸或多元醇支化剂的聚酯组合物中作为添加剂的母料,也公开了制备具有增加了的熔体粘度和熔体强度,和改进了的冲击强度的聚酯组合物的方法,所述方法包括下列步骤:A)将聚烯烃和多官能羧酸或多元醇支化剂进行熔融混料,B)将A)中形成的熔融混料的掺混物与聚酯进行干混,和C)将B)中形成的干混混合物进行模塑或挤塑,形成一种制品。

Description

用于改进聚酯组合物的母料 及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及由含有支化剂和聚烯烃的母料制备的改进的聚酯组合物,并涉及制备这种改进的聚酯组合物的方法。这种组合物具有改进了的熔体粘度、熔体强度和冲击强度,并且特别适用于制备泡沫制品,尽管这种组合物也可用于非发泡的聚酯组合物中。
发明背景
许多聚合物材料可以发泡得到诸如薄膜、杯子、食品盘、装饰带,和家具部件之类的低密度制品。例如含有诸如戊烷的低沸点烃类的聚苯乙烯珠粒可以发泡成用于盛装诸如咖啡、茶、热巧克力等热饮料的轻质的泡沫杯子。聚丙烯可以在诸如氮气或二氧化碳气体等发泡剂存在下挤塑得到用于包裹包装的装饰薄膜和带条。聚丙烯也可以在这些发泡剂存在下经注塑形成诸如桌子腿之类的轻质家具部件和轻质椅子。
诸如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯这类聚酯具有比其它聚合物高得多的密度(例如约1.3克/立方厘米)。因此,理想的情况是能够使聚酯材料发泡以便减轻模塑部件、薄膜、片材、食品盘、及其类似制品的重量。这类发泡制品也具有比非发泡制品更好的保暖性能。然而,使这类聚酯材料发泡是困难的,因为典型的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯及同类的聚酯聚合物的熔体粘度和熔体强度都低。聚酯的低熔体粘度和低熔体强度是个问题,因为这样的聚合物熔体不能充分地保留发泡气体的膜泡。因此希望能提供一种可以用传统发泡体系进行发泡的聚酯聚合物。
一种提供具有高熔体强度聚酯的方法涉及用多官能羧酸或多元醇处理预形成的聚酯以便得到支化聚酯。这类组合物公开于美国专利Nos.4,132,707;4,145,466;4,999,388;5,000,991;5,110,844;5,128,383;和5,134,028中。所使用的支化剂包括三羧酸和四羧酸及其酸酐,如1,3,5-苯三酸、1,2,4,5-苯四酸和1,2,4,5-苯四酸二酐,或多元醇,如三羟甲基丙烷和季戊四醇。这些支化剂可以使聚酯增加熔体粘度和熔体强度,但是支化剂的使用常常是不好的。首先,不能把支化剂加入到聚酯反应物的初始反应混合物中,因为这将导致形成交联结构。如果在聚酯形成之后加入,又要求一个额外的加工步骤,并且支化作用难以控制。加入支化剂的通常方法是在挤塑机中熔化聚酯时,将支化剂加入到在挤塑机机筒中的熔体中。控制支化剂的用量以及在熔体脱出模具之前就进行充分的混合和反应是困难的。因此,较好是提供一种方法,由此支化剂和可能的其它添加剂在挤塑操作之前就能与聚酯粒料进行干混。
其它涉及聚合物发泡的专利参考文献包括美国专利Nos.3,879,505;4,149,485;4,176,101;4,761,256;4,284,596;4,351,911;4,462,947;4,466,933;4,473,665;4,626,183;4,728,673;4,734,304;4,737,523;4,746,478;4,751,250;4,981,631;和5,182,307。
我们知道的,涉及聚酯/聚烯烃共混物的最接近的先有技术包括美国专利Nos.4,981,631;3,960,807;4,572,852和5,229,432,但是这些专利中没有一篇涉及到用于将某些其它试剂掺入到聚酯组合物中的母料的概念。
现在已经发现,诸如1,3,5-苯三酸、1,2,4,5-苯四酸二酐及类似的支化剂可以与聚烯烃聚合物进行熔融混料而得到母料。这类母料可以与诸如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯之类的聚酯进行干混,在真空或普通烘箱中进行干燥,然后用普通惰性气体、挥发性有机化合物或化学发泡剂进行挤塑和发泡。在熔融混料时,支化剂与聚酯进行反应而发生支化,从而增加了聚酯的熔体粘度和熔体强度。结果大大改进了聚酯的发泡性能和吹塑性能。母料组分中的聚烯烃也有利于改进聚酯的冲击性能。
本发明的说明
按照本发明的一个具体实施方案,提供了一种在聚酯组合物中用作添加剂的母料,所说的母料含有:
A)约50~约99%重量的选自下述的聚烯烃:(1)在190℃时熔体指数为约0~约100的乙烯聚合物和(2)在230℃时熔体流动速率为约0~约100的丙烯聚合物、丁烯-1聚合物、以及丙烯和/或丁烯-1的共聚物,和
B)约1~约50%重量的、含有至少三个羧基或羟基或其组合的多官能羧酸或多元醇支化剂。
按照本发明的另一个具体实施方案,提供了一种制备具有增加了熔体粘度和熔体强度,以及改进了冲击强度的聚酯组合物的方法,该方法包括下列步骤:
A)将下述组分进行熔融混料,形成一种熔融混料的母料,
1)约50~约99%重量的选自下述的聚烯烃:(1)在190℃时熔体指数为约0~约100的乙烯聚合物和(2)在230℃时熔体流动速率为约0~约100的丙烯聚合物、丁烯-1聚合物、以及丙烯和/或丁烯-1的共聚物,和
2)约1~约50%重量的、含有至少三个羧基或羟基或其组合的多官能羧酸或多元醇支化剂,
B)将A)中形成的熔融混料的混合物与约80~约99.9%重量的聚酯进行干混,所述聚酯含有由6~40个碳原子的芳族的、脂族的或环脂族的二元羧酸和2~10个碳原子的脂族的或环脂族的二元醇衍生来的重复单元,所述聚酯的对数比浓粘度为约0.4~1.1,和
C)将B)中形成的干混混合物进行模塑或挤塑以形成一种制品。
本发明的母料对于许多聚酯有用,如由含有约2~约10个碳原子的二元醇和含有约6~约40个碳原子的二元酸衍生的聚酯。优选的聚酯包括那些从对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、萘二甲酸、环己烷二羧酸等或它们的烷基酯衍生来的聚酯。优选的二元醇包括乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇及类似的二元醇。聚酯可以是均聚物或含有至多约50%摩尔的其它二元酸或二元醇的共聚物。也可以使用聚酯的共混物。改性的二元酸(除上面列举的二元酸之外)包括草酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、癸二酸、辛二酸、二聚物、磺基间苯二酸、或其金属盐等。如果使用萘二甲酸,则可以是各种异构体,但优选的异构体包括2,6-、2,7-、1,5-、和1,6-异构体。各种异构体的混合物也可以使用。如果使用环己烷二羧酸,则可以是1,3-、或1,4-异构体,而且还可以是顺式异构体、反式异构体、或顺/反异构体的混合物。改性二元醇(除上面列举的二元醇之外)包括1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、2,2,4,4-四甲基-1,3-环丁二醇及类似的二醇。在使用环己烷二甲醇时,可以是1,3-或1,4-异构体,并且可以是顺式异构体、反式异构体、或顺/反异构体的混合物。用本技术中众所周知的传统的熔融状态或固体状态的缩聚反应技术可以容易地制备这类聚酯。这类聚合物的比浓对数粘度(I.V.)值一般在约0.4~约1.1的范围内,它们可以是结晶的或非晶态的。
可用于制备含有支化剂母料的聚烯烃包括线型低密度聚乙烯、普通低密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、乙烯与含有2~约10个碳原子的α-烯烃的共聚物、聚丙烯、丙烯与含有2~约10个碳原子的α-烯烃的共聚物、聚丁烯-1、丁烯-1与含有2~约10个碳原子的α-烯烃的共聚物、聚-4-甲基-1-戊烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯与含有2~约10个碳原子的α-烯烃的共聚物等。乙烯聚合物在190℃时的熔体指数值(由ASTM方法N0.D1238-56T测量)为约0~约100,优选的熔体指数值为约0.1~约20。丙烯和丁烯-1聚合物在230℃时的熔体流动速率值(由ASTM方法No.D1238-56T测量)为约0~约100,优选的熔体流动速率值在230℃时为约0.1~约20。这类烯烃聚合物可由常规方法容易地制备,并且这类聚烯烃中大多数可以从市场上购得。
支化剂的分子量较好为约50~5000,更好为约92~3000,官能度为约3~6。支化剂可以是具有3~6个羟基的多元醇、具有3或4个羧基的多元羧酸或具有总共3~6个羟基和羧基的羟基酸。
用作为支化剂的典型多元醇包括甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、1,2,6-己三醇、山梨醇、1,1,4,4-四(羟甲基)环己烷、三(2-羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、和二季戊四醇。除了这些低分子量的多元醇之外,较高分子量(Mw:400~3000)的多元醇,尤其是由2~3个碳原子的烯化氧,例如,环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷与多元醇引发剂缩合衍生得到的具有3~6个碳原子的三醇,例如甘油,也可以作为支化剂使用。
可以用作支化剂的典型的多元羧酸包括:1,2,3-苯三甲酸或1,2,4-苯三酸、1,3,5-苯三酸、1,2,4,5-苯四酸、1,1,2,2-乙烷四甲酸、1,1,2-乙烷三甲酸、1,3,5-戊烷三甲酸、和1,2,3,4-环戊烷四甲酸。尽管这些酸可以以酸的形式使用,但较好是以其低级烷基酯的形式,或更好地在那些能形成环状酸酐的情况下,以其环状酸酐的形式使用。
可以用作支化剂的典型的羟基酸包括苹果酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、3-羟基戊二酸、粘酸、三羟基戊二酸、和4-(β-羟乙基)-邻苯二甲酸。这类羟基酸含有3个或更多个羟基和羧基的组合。
特别优选的支化剂包括1,2,4-苯三酸酐、1,3,5-苯三酸、分子量为400~3000的丙氧基化的三醇(任选地由环氧乙烷封端)和三(2-羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯。
可以将数量至多为聚酯重量的2%的抗氧剂加入到组合物中。通常,加入并结合到聚酯中的抗氧剂的数量为聚酯重量的约0.1~1%,抗氧剂可以在聚酯聚合物形成之前与单体一起加入,或如果需要的话,可以在聚合反应完成后,将抗氧剂加入到熔融的聚合物中。较好是,在引发聚合反应之前,将抗氧剂与单体一起加入。
这些聚酯组合物的性能也可以通过掺入各种习用的有机填料,如炭黑、硅胶、矾土、粘土和切碎的玻璃纤维进行改进。光稳定性的改进可以通过添加少量的颜料或掺入光稳定剂,如紫外光吸收剂。阻燃剂、润滑剂和增量剂也可以加入到组合物中。
用已知的方法,由聚烯烃和支化剂的熔融共混直到得到一种均相的共混物来制备母料。同时也可以将其它习用的添加剂进行熔融共混。聚烯烃和支化剂在挤塑机、班伯里密炼机或其它常用的熔融混合设备中进行熔融共混就可以容易地制备母料,然后将母料挤出并造粒。支化剂的浓度以母料的重量计,一般为约1~约50%重量范围,而更好的范围为约5~约20%。除了支化剂之外,其它组分,如成核剂、着色剂、颜料、填料、抗氧剂及类似组分也可以掺合在聚烯烃母料中。
当母料在高温下,以熔融状态与聚酯进行混合时,得到的支化聚酯可用于多种用途,包括制造薄膜、管子、泡沫体、吹塑制品、挤塑贴面材料、食品包装容器、注塑部件等。共混物在普通或真空烘箱中进行干燥,并用传统工艺进行挤塑或模塑。
尽管按照本发明的母料和方法可以用在许多模塑或挤塑应用中,例如,如注塑、注坯吹塑、挤塑、挤坯吹塑等,形成非发泡的产品,但更好的产品是发泡的制品。使聚合物发泡是先有技术中众所周知的方法。
可用对于熟悉本技术的人来说是普通的挤塑技术将本发明的母料和聚酯发泡,得到较好是密度小于1.1克/立方厘米,更好是密度小于0.9克/立方厘米的材料。
在典型发泡挤塑工艺中,基本设备包括一台单挤塑机(较好是其长径比至少为约30∶1),一个液体注射泵或带有注射阀的气体料筒,一个能形成所需制品的模具,一个冷却器和一个用于收集挤出的膨胀产品的设备。
在这种工艺中,典型地使用一种双级螺杆,但并不是决定性地需要。聚酯和母料较好加入到挤塑机的进料斗中并进料到螺杆的进料段。聚酯和母料在螺杆的过渡段熔化,而发泡剂可以在螺杆的过渡段,也可以在计量段开头附近加入。
适用于本发明的发泡剂包括惰性气体,如氮气和二氧化碳、沸点为约-40℃~约45℃的烃类,如丙烷、丁烷和戊烷;氢氟烃类和氢氯氟烃类;以及释放气体的化学发泡剂,如碳酸氢钠、柠檬酸和碳酸氢钠的组合物、柠檬酸和碳酸钠的组合物、偶氮二酰胺和各种吸热后释放出二氧化碳的发泡剂。也可以使用发泡剂的混合物。发泡剂的用量为约0.1~约20%重量(以聚酯和发泡剂的重量为基准)可以得到所希望的高发泡率。约0.1~约5%的浓度是典型的。
含有溶解的和/或分散的发泡剂的树脂熔体通过螺杆计量送入到模具中。在脱出模具时,熔体膨胀,任选地成型,冷却和收集。挤塑机和模具中的温度分布在发泡剂注入之前调节到可以使挤塑机中的聚酯熔化,并使熔体/发泡剂组合物充分冷却以便发生膨胀而不会凝结。
另外一种典型的发泡挤塑工艺采用两台串联的挤塑机。在这种工艺中,聚酯经混合、熔融,并在第一台挤塑机中注入发泡剂。熔体/发泡剂组合物由普通输送管的方法输送到第二台挤塑机的进料段,第二台挤塑机用于将熔体混合物输送到模具里,然后将模具中的温度和压力调节到优化泡沫形成所需的数值。一般地,两台挤塑机的尺寸是不同的。串联挤塑机的工艺可以很好地控制工艺参数。
各种典型地用于这种用途的螺杆构型和设计都可以用来制备发泡聚酯,这一点对于熟悉本技术的人来说是显而易见的。混合器可以附加在螺杆中或以单独部件形式用于分散添加剂、成核剂、和发泡剂。可以使用双螺杆挤塑机。
为了更好地理解本发明,现列举下列实例。
实例1--基于线型低密度聚乙烯母料的制备
用15.66磅线型低密度聚乙烯(熔体指数0.9;密度0.919)、2.0磅1,2,4,5-苯四酸二酐支化剂、2.0磅碳酸纳、0.34磅滑石、和0.1磅Ethanox330抗氧剂制备一种物理掺混物。将该掺混物放在不锈钢容器中碾转,并用氮气吹洗以便排除空气。然后采用混合型30毫米双螺杆的维尔纳和Pfleiderer挤塑机,将掺混物在400°F(204℃)进行熔融共混。呈棒状(2~3毫米直径)的挤出物在冷水槽中骤冷、切成颗粒,然后将颗粒进行空气干燥。加入的碳酸钠和滑石用作泡沫成核剂。
实例2--基于线型低密度聚乙烯母料的制备
重复实例1的步骤,使用17.66磅线型低密度聚乙烯(熔体指数0.9;密度0.919)、2.0磅1,2,4,5-苯四酸二酐支化剂、0.34磅TiO2成核剂和0.05磅Ethanox330抗氧剂。
实例3-基于线型低密度聚乙烯母料的制备
重复实例1的步骤,使用15.66磅线型低密度聚乙烯(熔体指数0.9;密度0.919)、2.0磅1,2,4,5-苯四酸二酐、2.0磅碳酸纳、0.34磅TiO2、和0.02磅Ethanox330抗氧剂。
实例4-普通低密度聚乙烯母料的制备
重复实例1的步骤,使用17.66磅普通低密度聚乙烯(熔体指数4.0;密度0.917)、2.0磅1,2,4,5-苯四酸、0.34磅TiO2、和0.02磅Irganox1076抗氧剂。
实例5-基于高密度聚乙烯母料的制备
重复实例1的步骤,使用16.62磅高密度聚乙烯(熔体指数0.1;密度0.965)、3.0磅1,2,4-苯三酸酐支化剂、0.34磅中国滑石成核剂、和0.04磅Irganox1010抗氧剂。
实例6-基于聚丙烯母料的制备
重复实例1的步骤,使用17.66磅聚丙烯(熔体流动速率1.2)、3.0磅1,2,4,5-苯四酸二酐支化剂、0.34磅TiO2成核剂、0.04磅硫代二丙酸二月桂酯和0.02磅Irganox1010。后两种化合物用作为热稳定剂和抗氧剂。
实例7-基于丙烯共聚物母料的制备
重复实例1的步骤,使用17.66磅含有3%摩尔乙烯的丙烯共聚物(熔体流动速率0.5)、2.0磅季戊四醇支化剂、0.34磅TiO2、0.04磅硫代二丙酸二月桂酯、0.02磅Irganox1010、和0.02磅Weston619稳定剂。
实例8-基于丙烯共聚物母料的制备
重复实例1的步骤,使用17.66磅含有5%摩尔丁烯-1的丙烯共聚物(熔体流动速率3.5)、3.0磅1,2,4,5-苯四酸二酐、0.34磅TiO2、0.04磅硫代二丙酸二月桂酯、和0.02磅Irganox1010。
实例9-聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的发泡
在不锈钢容器中,将干燥的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯颗粒(比浓对数粘度0.90)和由实例1制备的干燥的线型低密度聚乙烯母料颗粒按20∶1的比例(重量/重量)进行充分混合,并用手工方法将混合物进料到串联的挤塑机中,所述的串联挤塑机由2英寸的一级挤塑机和2.5英寸的二级挤塑机组成,一级挤塑机能在高压下将气体发泡剂注入到聚合物熔体中,二级挤塑机允许熔体在减压下发泡,并让发泡体挤塑通过安装在该二级挤塑机后部的环形模具(3英寸直径)。两台挤塑机通过一个众所周知的低压转换区互相连接。这个实例中所用的气体发泡剂是异戊烷。挤塑机、转换区、和环形模具沿其整个长度加热到500~525 °F(260~274℃),如下面说明:
2英寸一级挤塑机=500°F(260℃)
转换区=500°F(260℃)
2.5英寸二级挤塑机=500°F(260℃)
环形3英寸模具=525°F(274℃)
其它有关的挤塑条件和参数如下所示:
压力(磅/平方英寸)
2英寸挤塑机            5600~6000
转换区                 3740~3860
2.5英寸挤塑机          2210~2230
异戊烷注入             3250~5600
挤出速率
2英寸挤塑机            87转/分
2.5英寸挤塑机          16.4转/分
聚合物出料量           66磅/小时
注入的异戊烷           1.6磅/小时
在这些条件下,上述的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯母料混合物挤出后具有所希望的生产好的泡沫体所需要的性能。从环形模具出来的泡沫体具有干的手感和良好的熔体强度,因此可以很容易地拉伸通过一个水冷却的心轴。泡沫体切成长条,以每片36英寸宽进行收集。泡沫体的厚度和密度完全受线速度和异戊烷的含量的变化控制。生产的泡沫体在56微米厚度时,密度为0.19克/立方厘米。泡沫体的比浓对数粘度为0.79,凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)法测量的重均分子量为71898,Mz/Mn比例为8.94。由差示扫描量热法(DCS)测得泡沫体还具有14.78%的结晶度。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和共焦光学显微镜测量表明充分形成了泡孔结构,并且所有的泡孔都是闭孔的,孔尺寸为100~200微米直径。泡沫体显示出良好的后膨胀性能,如下面所述:
后膨胀
(a)将一小片上面制备的泡沫体浸入沸水中2分钟,然后冷却到室温。用FOWLER测微计,沿着泡沫体的表面,在几个地方测量泡沫体厚度,平均厚度为89微米,比刚生产的泡沫体增加了59%。测得后膨胀的泡沫体的密度为0.096克/立方厘米。由差示扫描量热法(DCS)测得泡沫体的结晶度为31.21%。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和共焦光学显微镜测定表明充分形成了泡孔结构,并且所有的泡孔都是闭孔的,孔尺寸为200~400微米直径。
(b)将一小片泡沫体在175℃的普通空气烘箱中放置3分钟进行后膨胀。这种泡沫体的平均厚度为73微米,密度为0.135克/立方厘米。按DCS测得的泡沫体的结晶度为31.74%。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和共焦光学显微镜测量表明充分形成了泡孔结构,并且所有的泡孔都是闭孔的,孔尺寸为200~300微米直径。
使用以25∶1和15∶1比例进行混合的PET/母料混合物也得到同样好的发泡结果。
当使用氮气或二氧化碳气体代替异戊烷作为发泡剂时也得到同样好的发泡结果。
在挤塑过程进行之前,用2%重量的化学发泡剂偶氮二酰胺代替异戊烷发泡剂撒在聚酯/母料中,得到了同样好的发泡结果。
当使用一种化学发泡剂和一种气体发泡剂的组合物时也得到同样好的发泡结果。也就是,在挤塑过程之前,将0.5%重量的化学发泡剂偶氮二酰胺撒在聚酯/母料混合物中,然后在如上面所述的挤塑过程中使用异戊烷发泡剂。
实例10-支化的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯聚合物的发泡
重复实例9的步骤,使用20∶1比例的含有0.3%摩尔1,2,4-苯三酸酐的支化聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的共聚酯(比浓对数粘度0.68)和实例2的母料的混合物。生产的泡沫体具有干的手感和良好的泡孔结构。
当含有0.2%摩尔的1,2,4-苯三酸或者1,2,4,5-苯四酸二酐的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的共聚酯用实例2的母料进行发泡时,得到同样好的结果。
实例11-聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯共聚酯的发泡
重复实例9的步骤,使用20∶1比例的含有3.5%摩尔1,4-环己烷二甲醇的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的共聚酯(比浓对数粘度0.80)和实例3的母料的混合物。生产的泡沫体具有干的手感和良好的、规整的泡孔结构。
当用实例4、5、和6的母料代替实例3的母料时,得到同样好的结果。
实例12-聚对苯二甲酸1,4-亚环己基二亚甲酯的发泡
重复实例9的步骤,使用20∶1比例的聚对苯二甲酸1,4-亚环己基二亚甲酯(比浓对数粘度0.77)和实例7的母料的混合物。生产的泡沫体具有干的手感和良好的泡孔结构。
当用实例1和实例8的母料代替实例7的母料时,得到同样好的结果。
实例13-聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯共聚酯的发泡
重复实例9的步骤,使用20∶1比例的含有31%摩尔1,4-环己烷二甲醇的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的共聚酯(比浓对数粘度0.75)和实例1的母料的混合物。生产的泡沫体具有干的手感和良好的、规整的泡孔结构。
使用含有17%摩尔二甘醇的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的共聚酯(比浓对数粘度0.74)或含有37%摩尔二甘醇的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的共聚酯(比浓对数粘度0.74),得到同样好的结果。
实例14-聚对苯二甲酸1,4-亚环己基二亚甲酯的共聚酯的发泡
重复实例9的步骤,使用20∶1比例的含有34%摩尔乙二醇的聚对苯二甲酸1,4-亚环己基二亚甲酯的共聚酯(比浓对数粘度0.75)和实例1的母料的混合物。生产的泡沫体具有干的手感和良好的、规整的泡孔结构。
当使用含有5%摩尔间苯二甲酸的(比浓对数粘度0.95)、17%摩尔间苯二甲酸的(比浓对数粘度0.77)或10%摩尔萘二甲酸的(比浓对数粘度0.72)聚对苯二甲酸1,4-亚环己基二亚甲酯的共聚物时,得到同样好的结果。
实例15-聚2,6-萘二甲酸乙二醇酯的发泡
重复实例9的步骤,使用20∶1比例的聚2,6-萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(比浓对数粘度0.70)和实例1的母料的混合物。生产的泡沫体具有干的手感和良好的、规整的泡孔结构。
当用2%重量的化学发泡剂偶氮二酰胺代替异戊烷发泡剂,在挤塑之前撒在聚酯/母料混合物中时,得到同样好的结果。
在上面实例中所述的发泡组合物具有改善的熔体粘度。例如特性粘度为0.9的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯在280℃时,熔体粘度为约19,000泊。在用母料中的0.6%1,2,4,5-苯四酸二酐进行支化后,该聚酯在280℃时熔体粘度为约117,000泊。
在25℃,60/40比例的苯酚/四氯乙烷的溶液中,以每100毫升溶液有0.5克聚合物的浓度测量比浓对数粘度。
分子量按凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)测定。
尽管已经详细叙述了本发明,特别参考了本发明的优选实例,但是必须理解的是在本发明的精神和范围之内可以进行各种改变和修改。

Claims (6)

1.在聚酯组合物中用作添加剂的母料,含有
A)约50~99%(重量)的一种聚烯烃,选自(1)在190℃熔体指数约0~约100的乙烯聚合物,和(2)在230℃熔体流动速率约0~约100的丙烯聚合物、1-丁烯聚合物和丙烯和/或1-丁烯的共聚物,和
B)约1~50%(重量)含有至少3个羧基或羟基的多官能羧酸或多元醇支化剂,或其组合。
2.按照权利要求1的母料,其中所说的聚烯烃是聚乙烯或乙烯与含有2~10个碳原子的α-烯烃的共聚物。
3.按照权利要求1的母料,其中所说的支化剂选自1,3,5-苯三酸、1,2,4,5-苯四酸、1,2,4,5-苯四酸二酐、1,2,4-苯三酸酐、1,2,3,4-苯四酸、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷和季戊四醇。
4.制备具有增加了熔体粘度和熔体强度的,以及改进了冲击强度的聚酯组合物的方法,该方法包括下列步骤:
A)将下列组分进行熔融混料,形成一种熔融混料的母料:
1)约50~99%(重量)的一种聚烯烃,选自(1)在190℃熔体指数约0~约100的乙烯聚合物,和(2)在230℃熔体流动速率约0~约100的丙烯聚合物、1-丁烯聚合物和丙烯和/或1-丁烯的共聚物;和
2)约1~50%(重量)含有至少3个羧基或羟基的多官能羧酸或多元醇支化剂,或其组合。
B)将A)中形成的熔融混料的掺混物与约80~约99.9%重量的一种聚酯进行干混,所述聚酯含有由6~40个碳原子的芳族、脂族或环脂族的二元羧酸和2~10个碳原子的脂族或环脂族的二元醇衍生来的重复单元,所述聚酯的对数比浓粘度(I.V.)约0.4~1.1,和
C)将B)中形成的干混混合物进行模塑或挤塑,形成一种制品。
5.按照权利要求4的方法,其中所说聚烯烃是聚乙烯或乙烯与含有2~10个碳原子的α-烯烃的共聚物。
6.按照权利要求4的方法,其中所说的支化剂选自1,3,5-苯三酸、1,2,4,5-苯四酸、1,2,4,5-苯四酸二酐、1,2,4-苯三酸酐、1,2,3,4-苯四酸、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷和季戊四醇。
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CN1086404C (zh) * 1998-06-05 2002-06-19 中国科学院化学研究所 一种抗冲聚酯(pet)共混物及其制备方法
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US5654347A (en) 1997-08-05
DE69412843T2 (de) 1999-01-14
EP0722471A1 (en) 1996-07-24
WO1995009884A1 (en) 1995-04-13
AU690145B2 (en) 1998-04-23
DE69412843D1 (de) 1998-10-01
CN1098885C (zh) 2003-01-15
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