CN113303255A - Method for artificially cultivating siganus longipes parents for large-scale natural propagation - Google Patents
Method for artificially cultivating siganus longipes parents for large-scale natural propagation Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for efficiently and naturally breeding siganus longipes, which comprises salinity regulation, water temperature control, illumination regulation, artificial incubation and fry breeding. 2.5kg of eggs are laid in 2020 together, the fertility rate reaches 85.3 percent, and the hatchability is 80.5 percent. The method provided by the invention provides a large batch of high-quality seedlings for the industrialized development of the siganus longipes breeding, improves the postnatal survival rate and the survival rate of the seedlings of the parent fishes, and solves the problems that the parent fishes are out of synchronization in spawning and spermiation and fertilized eggs are adhered to each other to cause anoxic death and the like in the traditional siganus longipes breeding method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for artificially culturing siganus guttatus parents for large-scale natural propagation.
Background
Siganus canaliculatus (Siganus canaliculatus), belonging to the order Perciformes (Perciformes), Siganidae (Siganidae), Siganus (Siganus), belonging to the warm-water offshore fish. The siganus longipes has strong environmental adaptability and disease resistance and stress resistance, can grow in seawater and saline water, and is an important species for breeding in places such as the south of the sea, the Guangdong, the Fujian coastal areas and the like in China. The sexual gland maturation rate of the gynoecial parent of the siganus longipes is low, the sexual gland development is asynchronous, a male individual generally matures before a female, and simultaneously, the natural fertilization rate, the hatchability and the survival rate of the fry are all low, so that great difficulty exists in artificial propagation.
The method for artificially culturing the siganus longipes parents to naturally propagate in a large scale is not reported at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for large-scale efficient natural propagation of siganus longipedunculatus parents, which can realize the development of female and male glands by salinity regulation, water temperature control, illumination regulation and control, artificial incubation and fry cultivation, improve the gonad maturation coefficient, the maturation rate, the gonad development synchronization rate, the fertility rate, the hatching rate and the fry survival rate of the gynandropathia and the fries, and achieve the efficient natural propagation of the siganus longipedunculatus.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a method for large-scale efficient natural propagation of siganus longipes parents, which comprises the following steps:
after the natural water temperature exceeds 15 ℃, disinfecting and putting the siganus longipes parents meeting the standard into a parent culture pond, feeding after stabilizing for 1-3 days, regulating and controlling parent culture parameters, performing daily management by salinity regulation, water temperature control and illumination regulation and combining with a nutrition strengthening step; after 1-3 months, carrying out maturation inspection to obtain mature siganus guttatus parents, and enabling the siganus guttatus parents to naturally lay eggs and propagate; after artificial incubation and fry breeding, the large-scale efficient natural propagation of siganus longipes parents is achieved.
Further, the selection conditions of the parents of the siganus longipes which meet the standard are as follows: the female age is more than 2 years old, the weight is 500- & lt700 g, and the body length is 200- & lt240 mm; the age of the male is more than 1.5 years, the weight of the male is 200-450g, and the length of the male is 150-250 mm; both the male and female parents are healthy and have no injury. The parent of siganus longipes meeting the standard is disinfected by 2g/m3And (5) carrying out disinfection treatment on the bromochlorohydantoin.
Further, the stocking density of the parent is 4 tails/m3。
Further, the parent breeding pool structure is as follows: adopt the half-buried rectangle cement pond of indoor formula as the parent and cultivate the pond, half-buried rectangle cement pond of indoor formula has 2/3 subaerial, 1/3 subaerial, length is multiplied by 4m by 1.5m respectively for width by height, covers the heat preservation plastic film at the pond top, one end is intake at the pond top, other end bottom sets up the delivery port (insert the plastic tubing when keeping the water level), place gas head (every square 1), pour into the sea water after the sand filtration into to be equipped with a constant temperature machine, cultivate the pond and keep natural light.
Furthermore, in the daily management process, the water quality is monitored on line every day, the salinity range is controlled to be 15-25 ℃, the temperature is controlled to be 18-25 ℃, an early warning value is set for early warning (the water temperature is lower than 18 ℃ or higher than 25 ℃) (the water quality online monitoring instrument is monitored by an XZ-0178 type water quality analysis tester). The water level height is controlled to be 80-100cm, the dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/l, the nitrite nitrogen is less than 0.2mg/l, and the COD is less than 2 mg/l. During the cultivation process, water is changed after dirt absorption every day, the water changing amount is 20 percent of the original water amount, the temperature difference between the added seawater and the water in the cultivation pool is not more than 1 ℃, and disease control is carried out every 15 days (the pesticide is used for splashing 2g/m in the whole pool)3Bromochlorohydantoin), one monthThe cultivation pools are rotated (fish originally cultivated in one pool is put into another new cultivation pool after one month), so that the water quality is ensured to be good, and the water is flushed for 30-60min each day in the morning and afternoon, and the flow rate is 20-35 mm/s.
Further, the nutrition fortification step: according to the water temperature, the daily feed feeding amount is 2-6%, the percentage of 2-6% is the ratio of the feed feeding quality and the total fish quality, the feed is fed at 9:00 am and 3:00 pm every day, the feed comprises artificial compound feed (Jianma golden pomfret compound feed No. 5) and fresh bait (the fresh bait is fresh oyster meat without shells), and the fresh bait accounts for 20-30% of the total feed. Thereby increasing nutrition and promoting the sexual gland development of siganus longipes.
Further, the salinity regulation is realized by adding bittern or fresh water to regulate the salinity, so that the siganus longipes parents are cultured at the salinity of 15-25. The salinity was measured using a CT-3080 pen-type salinity meter.
Furthermore, the water temperature is controlled by a thermostat, and the parent of the siganus longipes is cultured at the water temperature of 18-25 ℃ by adopting a thermostat (Sensen brand).
Furthermore, the illumination regulation and control is realized by regulating a black gauze and a fluorescent lamp, and the illumination emphasis measurement adopts a VICTOR 1010D illuminometer, so that the siganus longipes parents are cultured at the natural illumination intensity.
Furthermore, the artificial incubation is carried out through a black hard plastic incubation barrel, the incubation barrel is in a shape of a cone with a big top and a small bottom, the horizontal included angle is 75 degrees, the diameter of an upper opening is 800mm, seawater enters from the conical bottom through a 1-inch pipe, and the seawater flows out through the filtration of a 200-mesh gauze on the conical bottom.
Further, the fry breeding is carried out by adopting a seawater pond, and the area of the pond is 667-0 m2The pond water inlet is filtered by a 300-mesh gauze, the water depth is slowly increased from 600mm to 1200mm, the salinity is 15-25, the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the water is fertilized 6 days before the seeding.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method for the large-scale efficient natural propagation of siganus longipes parents comprises the following steps:
(A) parent selection: the parent standard of the siganus longipes is selected to be that the female age is more than 2 years, the weight is 500-; the age of the male is more than 1.5 years, the weight of the male is 200-450g, and the length of the male is 150-250 mm; both the male parent and the female parent are healthy and have no injury;
(B) after the natural water temperature exceeds 15 ℃, putting the parents of the siganus longipes meeting the standard into a parent culture pond after disinfection treatment, wherein the stocking density of the parents is 4 tails/m3The cultivation method is a daily management method;
(C) salinity regulation: adjusting salinity by adding bittern or fresh water to culture the siganus longipes parents at salinity of 15-25;
(D) daily management: feeding after 1-3 days of stabilization; controlling the temperature at 18-25 ℃; the water level height is controlled to be 100cm, the dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/l, the nitrite nitrogen is less than 0.2mg/l, and the COD is less than 2 mg/l; in the cultivation process, water is changed after dirt absorption every day, the water changing amount is 20% of the original water amount, the temperature difference between the temperature of the added seawater and the water in the cultivation pool is not more than 1 ℃, disease control is carried out every 15 days, the cultivation pools are alternated every month to ensure good water quality, and the water is flushed and stimulated every morning and afternoon, the water is flushed for 30-60min respectively, and the flow rate is 20-35 mm/s;
(E) a nutrition enhancing step: feeding artificial mixed feed (Jianma brand golden pompano mixed feed No. 5) at 9:00 am and fresh and live baits (the fresh baits are fresh and shelled oyster meat) at 3:00 pm every day according to the daily feed feeding amount of 2-6% (the ratio of the fed feed mass to the total fish mass) of the water temperature, wherein the fresh and live baits account for 20-30% of the total amount of the fed feed;
(F) after 1-3 months of nutrition enhancement, obtaining mature siganus guttatus parents, and naturally spawning;
(G) artificial incubation: adopting a black hard plastic incubation barrel for artificial incubation, wherein the incubation barrel is in a shape of a big end up and a small end down, the horizontal included angle is 75 degrees, the diameter of the upper opening is 800mm, seawater is fed from the conical bottom by a 1-inch pipe, and the seawater flowing out is filtered by a 200-mesh gauze on the conical bottom; the water quality is clean, the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, the salinity is 15-25, and an inflatable sand head is arranged per square meter to ensure that the dissolved oxygen of the hatching water body is sufficient;
(H) and (3) seedling cultivation: by using outdoor seawater poolPool cultivation method, pool area 667-2The pond water inlet is filtered by a 300-mesh gauze, the water depth is slowly increased from 600mm to 1200mm, the salinity is 15-25, the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the water is fertilized 6 days before the seeding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a method for efficiently and naturally breeding siganus longipes, which is characterized in that the parents of the siganus longipes cultured by the technical means of salinity regulation, water temperature control, illumination regulation, artificial incubation and fry breeding are high in maturation rate, synchronous in male and female gonad development, high in fertility rate, hatchability and fry survival rate, and the method provides guarantee for large-scale breeding of siganus longipes.
2. The invention provides a method for efficient natural propagation of siganus longipes, which has the characteristics of strong operability, labor saving, high success rate and the like; can obviously improve the survival rate of parents and produce large-scale seedlings. The technology is mature, safe and easy to master, and is suitable for efficient natural propagation of siganus longipes.
3. The method of the invention can lay 2.5kg eggs in 2020, the fertility rate reaches 85.3%, and the hatchability is 80.5%. The method provides large-batch high-quality seedlings for the industrialized development of the siganus longipes breeding, improves the postpartum survival rate and the survival rate of the seedlings of the parent fishes, solves the problems that the parent fishes are out of synchronization of spawning and spermiation and fertilized eggs are adhered to each other to cause anoxic death and the like in the traditional siganus longipes breeding method, and has the advantages of high manual control degree of technical links, strong production practicability, large brood amount of the bred parent fishes, good quality of the fertilized eggs, high hatching rate and the like.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
The cultivation pool structure in the embodiment of the invention is as follows: an indoor semi-buried rectangular cement pond is adopted as a parent cultivation pond, 2/3 is arranged under the ground, 1/3 is arranged on the ground, the length, the width and the height of the pond are respectively 6m multiplied by 4m multiplied by 1.5m, a heat preservation mulching film is covered on the top of the pond, water enters from the top of the pond at one end, a water outlet (a plastic pipe is inserted when the water level is kept) is arranged at the bottom of the other end, air heads (1 per square) are placed, seawater filtered by sand is injected, and one Sensen brand thermostat is arranged, so that the cultivation pond keeps natural light.
Parent selection in the examples of the present invention: the parent standard of the siganus longipes is selected to be that the female age is more than 2 years, the weight is 500-; the age of the male is more than 1.5 years, the weight of the male is 200-450g, and the length of the male is 150-250 mm; both the male and female parents are healthy and have no injury.
The embodiment of the invention comprises the following daily management: sterilizing parent of siganus longipes (2 g/m)3Bromine-chlorine hydantoin disinfection treatment) and then placing the mixture into an indoor semi-buried rectangular cement pond, and starting feeding after stabilizing for 1-3 days. The water quality is monitored on line every day, the salinity range is controlled to be 15-25 ℃, the temperature is controlled to be 18-25 ℃, and an early warning value is set to give an early warning (the water temperature is lower than 18 ℃ or higher than 25 ℃) (the on-line water quality monitoring instrument is monitored by an XZ-0178 type water quality analysis tester). The water level height is controlled to be 80-100cm, the dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/l, the nitrite nitrogen is less than 0.2mg/l, and the COD is less than 2 mg/l. During the cultivation process, water is changed after dirt absorption every day, the water changing amount is 20 percent of the original water amount, the temperature difference between the added seawater and the water in the cultivation pool is not more than 1 ℃, and disease control is carried out every 15 days (the pesticide is used for splashing 2g/m in the whole pool)3Bromochlorohydantoin), the cultivation pools are rotated every month (fish originally cultivated in one pool are put into another new cultivation pool after one month), the water quality is ensured to be good, and the fish are stimulated by flushing seawater (seawater) in the morning and afternoon every day, the water is flushed for 30-60min respectively, and the flow rate is 20-35 mm/s.
The nutrition strengthening step in the embodiment of the invention is as follows: according to the water temperature, the daily feed feeding amount is 2-6%, the percentage of 2-6% is the ratio of the feed feeding quality and the total fish quality, the feed is fed at 9:00 am and 3:00 pm every day, the feed comprises artificial compound feed (Jianma golden pomfret compound feed No. 5) and fresh bait (the fresh bait is fresh oyster meat without shells), and the fresh bait accounts for 20-30% of the total feed. Thereby increasing nutrition and promoting the sexual gland development of siganus longipes.
The artificial incubation adopts a black hard plastic incubation barrel for artificial incubation, the incubation barrel is in a shape of a cone with a big top and a small bottom, the horizontal included angle is 75 degrees, the diameter of the upper opening is 800mm, seawater enters from the conical bottom by a 1-inch pipe, and the seawater flows out through the filtration of a 200-mesh gauze on the conical bottom.
The fry breeding adopts a seawater pond breeding method, and the pond area is 667-plus-6670 m2The pond water inlet is filtered by a 300-mesh gauze, the water depth is slowly increased from 600mm to 1200mm, the salinity is 15-25, the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the water is fertilized 6 days before the seeding.
Example 1:
a method for efficient natural propagation of siganus longipes parents comprises the following steps:
first, parent selection: the parent standard of the siganus longipes is selected to be that the female age is more than 2 years, the weight is 500-; the age of the male is more than 1.5 years, the weight of the male is 200-450g, and the length of the male is 150-250 mm; both the male and female parents are healthy and have no injury.
Step two, salinity adjustment: adjusting salinity by adding bittern or fresh water;
3, 1/3/2020, preparing 3 parent fish culture ponds, wherein 3 ponds are used for culturing (respectively named as a pond, a pond B and a pond C), randomly selecting 38 tails of female and male parents and placing the female and male parents in A, B, C3 ponds for culturing, wherein the stocking density of the parents is 4 tails/m3The cultivation method is a daily management method. The pond B is the cultivation of the embodiment, the salinity is 15-25, the rest ponds A and the pond C are used as controls, and the salinity is 5-15 and 25-33 in sequence.
Thirdly, 3, 16 months and 16 days in 2020, the natural water temperature is 16.4 ℃, and the selected siganus longipes are subjected to parent meridian 2g/m3After the disinfection treatment of the bromochlorohydantoin, respectively placing the bromochlorohydantoin in 3 cultivation ponds, wherein each pond is provided with 38 tails of female and male parents, and the pond A is used for manually preparing seawater with the salinity of 5-15; the pond B is prepared by the artificial seawater with the salinity of 15-25; the C pool is natural seawater with salinity of 25-33.
Fourthly, daily management: feeding is started 3 days after 3 months and 19 days in 2020. The temperature is controlled at 18-25 ℃, and an early warning value is set for early warning (the online water quality monitoring instrument is monitored by an XZ-0178 type water quality analysis tester). The water level height is controlled to be 100cm, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/lNitrite nitrogen is less than 0.2mg/l, and COD is less than 2 mg/l. During the cultivation process, water is changed after dirt absorption every day, the water changing amount is 20 percent of the original water amount, the temperature difference between the added seawater and the water in the cultivation pool is not more than 1 ℃, and disease control is carried out every 15 days (the pesticide is used for splashing 2g/m in the whole pool)3Bromochlorohydantoin), the cultivation pools are alternated every month to ensure good water quality, and the water is flushed and stimulated every morning and afternoon for 30-60min respectively with the flow rate of 20-35 mm/s.
Fifthly, a nutrition enhancing step: according to the water temperature, the daily feed feeding amount is 2-6% (the ratio of the feed feeding mass to the total fish mass), artificial compound feed (Jianma golden pomfret compound feed No. 5) is fed at 9:00 am every day, fresh bait (fresh oyster meat without shells) is fed at 3:00 pm every day, the artificial compound feed accounts for 80% of the total feeding amount, the fresh bait accounts for 20%, and the feeding mass ratio of the artificial compound feed to the fresh bait is 4:1, so that nutrition is increased, and the gonad development of the siganus longipes is promoted.
Sixthly, after nutrition is strengthened for more than one month, the parents cultured in the A pool, the B pool and the C pool naturally lay eggs in 2020 for 4-5 months.
Seventhly, artificial incubation: the artificial incubation is carried out by adopting a black hard plastic incubation barrel, the incubation barrel is in a shape of a big end up and a small end down, the horizontal included angle is 75 degrees, the diameter of the upper opening is 800mm, seawater enters from the conical bottom by using a 1-inch pipe, and the seawater flows out by filtering through a 200-mesh gauze. The water quality is clean, the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, the salinity is 15-25, and an inflatable sand head is arranged per square meter, so that sufficient dissolved oxygen of the hatching water body is ensured.
Eighth step, fry rearing: an outdoor seawater pond cultivation method is adopted, and the pond area is 667-6670m2The pond water inlet is filtered by a 300-mesh gauze, the water depth is slowly increased from 600mm to 1200mm, the salinity is 15-25, the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the water is fertilized 6 days before the seeding.
And B, pool A results: 385g of natural spawning, 55.6 percent of average fertilization rate and 45.2 percent of average hatching rate, 113 ten thousand of seedlings are hatched together, and 12 ten thousand of 30mm seedlings are cultivated.
And B, pool result: 779g of natural spawning, 85.3 percent of average fertilization rate, 81.5 percent of average hatching rate, 353 thousands of seedlings are hatched together, and 56 thousands of 30mm seedlings are cultivated.
And C, pool result: 105g of natural spawning, the average fertilization rate of 38.0 percent and the average hatching rate of 36.0 percent, 29 ten thousand seedlings are hatched together, and 2.1 ten thousand seedlings with 30mm are cultivated.
From the above experimental data, when the salinity is 15-25, that is, the sexual gland of the siganus canaliculatus cultured in the pond B in this embodiment has high maturation rate, large egg laying amount, high fertility rate, high hatching rate and high seedling emergence rate, while the pond a and the pond C in the control group are not beneficial to the sexual gland development of the siganus canaliculatus, and have small egg laying amount, low fertility rate, low hatching rate and low seedling emergence rate.
Example 2:
a method for efficient natural propagation of siganus longipes parents comprises the following steps:
first, parent selection: the parent standard of the siganus longipes is selected to be that the female age is more than 2 years, the weight is 500-; the age of the male is more than 1.5 years, the weight of the male is 200-450g, and the length of the male is 150-250 mm; both the male and female parents are healthy and have no injury.
Step two, temperature regulation: controlling the water temperature by a thermostat, and enabling the temperature of the parent culture of the siganus longipes to be 15-18 ℃ in a pool A, 18-25 ℃ in a pool B and 25-30 ℃ in a pool C.
Preparing 3 parent fish culture ponds in 1/4/2020, using 3 parent fish culture ponds for culture (respectively named as pond A, pond B and pond C), randomly selecting 38 parents of female and male, placing the parents in A, B, C3 ponds for culture, and making the stocking density of parent be 4 tails/m3The cultivation method is a daily management method. The pond B is the cultivation of the embodiment, the temperature is 15-25, the rest of the ponds A and the pond C are the controls, and the temperature is 5-15 and 25-30 in sequence.
Thirdly, selecting the parent parentage of the siganus longipes at 2g/m in 2020, 4 months and 16 days, and keeping the natural water temperature at 19.4 DEG C3After the disinfection treatment of the bromochlorohydantoin, the bromochlorohydantoin is respectively put into 3 cultivation ponds, 38 tails of female and male parents are respectively put in each pond, and a pond A is used for manually preparing seawater at the temperature of 15-18 ℃; the pool B is prepared by artificial seawater at 18-25 deg.C; the C pool is prepared by artificial seawater at 25-30 ℃.
Fourthly, daily management: feeding is started 3 days after the beginning of 19 days 4 month in 2020. Temperature controlAnd setting an early warning value at 16-27 ℃ for early warning (an online water quality monitoring instrument is monitored by an XZ-0178 type water quality analysis tester). The water level height is controlled to be 100cm, the dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/l, the nitrite nitrogen is less than 0.2mg/l, and the COD is less than 2 mg/l. During the cultivation process, water is changed after dirt absorption every day, the water changing amount is 20 percent of the original water amount, the temperature difference between the added seawater and the water in the cultivation pool is not more than 1 ℃, and disease control is carried out every 15 days (the pesticide is used for splashing 2g/m in the whole pool)3Bromochlorohydantoin), the cultivation pools are alternated every month to ensure good water quality, and the water is flushed and stimulated every morning and afternoon for 30-60min respectively with the flow rate of 20-35 mm/s.
Fifthly, a nutrition enhancing step: according to the water temperature, the daily feed feeding amount is 2-6% (the ratio of the feed feeding mass to the total fish mass), artificial compound feed (Jianma golden pomfret compound feed No. 5) is fed at 9:00 am every day, fresh bait (fresh oyster meat without shells) is fed at 3:00 pm every day, the artificial compound feed accounts for 80% of the total feeding amount, the fresh bait accounts for 20%, and the feeding mass ratio of the artificial compound feed to the fresh bait is 4:1, so that nutrition is increased, and the gonad development of the siganus longipes is promoted.
Sixthly, after nutrition is strengthened for more than one month, the parents cultured in the A pool, the B pool and the C pool naturally lay eggs in 2020 for 4-5 months.
Seventhly, artificial incubation: the artificial incubation is carried out by adopting a black hard plastic incubation barrel, the incubation barrel is in a shape of a big end up and a small end down, the horizontal included angle is 75 degrees, the diameter of the upper opening is 800mm, seawater enters from the conical bottom by using a 1-inch pipe, and the seawater flows out by filtering through a 200-mesh gauze. The water quality is clean, the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, the salinity is 15-25, and an inflatable sand head is arranged per square meter, so that sufficient dissolved oxygen of the hatching water body is ensured.
Eighth step, fry rearing: an outdoor seawater pond cultivation method is adopted, and the pond area is 667-6670m2The pond water inlet is filtered by a 300-mesh gauze, the water depth is slowly increased from 600mm to 1200mm, the salinity is 15-25, the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the water is fertilized 6 days before the seeding.
And B, pool A results: the eggs are laid by 85g naturally, the average fertility rate is 35.2%, the average hatching rate is 25.5%, 33 thousands of seedlings are hatched together, and 2000 seedlings with 30mm are cultivated.
And B, pool result: 1278g of natural spawning, the average fertilization rate of 86.6 percent and the average hatching rate of 79.5 percent, 453 thousands of seedlings are hatched together, and 146 thousands of seedlings with 30mm are cultivated.
And C, pool result: 55g of natural spawning, 28.9 percent of average fertility rate and 32.5 percent of average hatching rate, 35 ten thousand of seedlings are hatched together, and 1500 seedlings with 30mm are cultivated.
From the above experimental data, when the temperature is 18-25 ℃, that is, the sexual gland of the siganus canaliculatus cultured in the pond B in the embodiment has high maturation proportion, large egg laying amount, high fertility rate, high hatching rate and high seedling emergence rate, while the pond a and the pond C in the control group are not beneficial to the sexual gland development of the siganus canaliculatus, and have small egg laying amount, low fertility rate, low hatching rate and low seedling emergence rate.
Example 3:
a method for efficient natural propagation of siganus longipes parents comprises the following steps:
first, parent selection: the parent standard of the siganus longipes is selected to be that the female age is more than 2 years, the weight is 500-; the age of the male is more than 1.5 years, the weight of the male is 200-450g, and the length of the male is 150-250 mm; both the male and female parents are healthy and have no injury.
Step two, illumination adjustment: through the adjustment of the black gauze and the fluorescent lamp, the parent of the siganus longipes is cultivated between dark, natural light and 2000-8000LX with illumination intensity.
Preparing 3 parent fish culture ponds in 1/4/2020, using 3 parent fish culture ponds for culture (respectively named as pond A, pond B and pond C), randomly selecting 38 parents of female and male, placing in A, B, C3 ponds for culture, and making the stocking density of parent be 4 tails/m3The cultivation method is a daily management method.
Thirdly, selecting the parent parentage of the siganus longipes at 2g/m in 2020, 4 months and 16 days, and keeping the natural water temperature at 19.4 DEG C3After the bromochlorohydantoin is subjected to disinfection treatment, the bromochlorohydantoin is respectively placed into 3 cultivation pools, each pool is provided with 38 tails of female and male parents, the pool B is the cultivation of the embodiment, the illumination is emphasized to be the natural illumination intensity, the other pools A and C are used as controls, and the illumination intensity is 0 (dark) and 2000-plus 8000LX in sequence.
Fourthly, daily management: 19/4/2020Feeding is started after 3 days. The temperature is controlled at 18-25 ℃, and an early warning value is set for early warning (the online water quality monitoring instrument is monitored by an XZ-0178 type water quality analysis tester). The water level height is controlled to be 100cm, the dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/l, the nitrite nitrogen is less than 0.2mg/l, and the COD is less than 2 mg/l. During the cultivation process, water is changed after dirt absorption every day, the water changing amount is 20 percent of the original water amount, the temperature difference between the added seawater and the water in the cultivation pool is not more than 1 ℃, and disease control is carried out every 15 days (the pesticide is used for splashing 2g/m in the whole pool)3Bromochlorohydantoin), the cultivation pools are alternated every month to ensure good water quality, and the water is flushed and stimulated every morning and afternoon for 30-60min respectively with the flow rate of 20-35 mm/s.
Fifthly, a nutrition enhancing step: according to the water temperature, the daily feed feeding amount is 2-6% (the ratio of the feed feeding mass to the total fish mass), artificial compound feed (Jianma golden pomfret compound feed No. 5) is fed at 9:00 am every day, fresh bait (fresh oyster meat without shells) is fed at 3:00 pm every day, the artificial compound feed accounts for 80% of the total feeding amount, the fresh bait accounts for 20%, and the feeding mass ratio of the artificial compound feed to the fresh bait is 4:1, so that nutrition is increased, and the gonad development of the siganus longipes is promoted.
Sixthly, after nutrition is strengthened for more than one month, the parents cultured in the A pool, the B pool and the C pool naturally lay eggs in 2020 for 4-5 months.
Seventhly, artificial incubation: the artificial incubation is carried out by adopting a black hard plastic incubation barrel, the incubation barrel is in a shape of a big end up and a small end down, the horizontal included angle is 75 degrees, the diameter of the upper opening is 800mm, seawater enters from the conical bottom by using a 1-inch pipe, and the seawater flows out by filtering through a 200-mesh gauze. The water quality is clean, the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, the salinity is 15-25, and an inflatable sand head is arranged per square meter, so that sufficient dissolved oxygen of the hatching water body is ensured.
Eighth step, fry rearing: an outdoor seawater pond cultivation method is adopted, and the pond area is 667-6670m2The pond water inlet is filtered by a 300-mesh gauze, the water depth is slowly increased from 600mm to 1200mm, the salinity is 15-25, the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the water is fertilized 6 days before the seeding.
And B, pool A results: without mature parents, the natural spawning is 0.
And B, pool result: 443g of natural spawning, 84.0 percent of average fertilization rate, 80.5 percent of average hatching rate, 453 thousands of seedlings are hatched together, and 146 thousands of seedlings with 30mm are cultivated.
And C, pool result: without mature parents, the natural spawning is 0.
Natural illumination is beneficial to the sexual gland development of the siganus longipes, the average fertilization rate and the hatching rate respectively reach 84.0 percent and 80.5 percent, 453 thousand tails are hatched for emergence of seedlings, and 146 ten thousand tails of 30mm seedlings are cultivated. The illumination intensity is 0 (dark) and the strong light of the long fin, the sexual gland of the siganus longipes does not develop, no mature parent exists, and the natural spawning is 0.
Example 4: selection of hatching modes:
step one, selecting a hatching mode: eggs laid by the same female fish and semen of the same male fish are subjected to artificial insemination, 50% of fertilized eggs in the same batch are respectively placed into a parent breeding pond and a black hard plastic hatching barrel for hatching.
Step two, daily management: the water quality is clean, the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, the salinity is 15-25, the 2 incubation methods are kept consistent, and an inflatable sand head is arranged per square meter to ensure that the incubation water body is sufficient in dissolved oxygen.
And step three, after 24-hour incubation, the eggs are placed in a parent culture pond to be incubated, wherein the incubation rate is 70.2%, and the incubation rate of the eggs incubated in a black hard plastic incubation barrel is 80.5%.
Because the incubation of the black hard plastic incubation barrel is more suitable for fine management and is convenient to observe, the incubation rate is 80.5 percent and is 70.2 percent higher than that of the incubation in the parent incubation pool.
Example 5: selecting a seedling cultivation mode:
firstly, selecting a seedling cultivation mode: eggs laid by the same female fish and semen of the same male fish are subjected to artificial insemination, 50% of the fertilized eggs in the same batch and the hatched seedlings in the same batch are respectively placed into a parent culture pond for culture and an outdoor seawater pond for culture.
Secondly, the length, width and height of the parent culture pond are respectively 6m multiplied by 4m multiplied by 1.5m, the water depth is slowly added from 600mm to 1200mm, the salinity is 15-25, and the water temperature is 20-25 ℃.
Thirdly, daily management: after the cement pit absorbs dirt every dayChanging water, wherein the water change amount is 20 percent of the original water amount within 10 days after seedling placement, feeding SS rotifers every day with the density of 15-20/ml, the water change amount is 30 percent of the original water amount within 10-20 days after seedling placement, feeding S rotifers every day with the density of 10-15/ml, the water change amount is 40 percent of the original water amount within 20-30 days after seedling placement, and feeding the rotifers every day with the density of 5-10/ml; the pond area is from 667-2The pond influent is filtered by a 300-mesh gauze, the water depth is slowly increased from 600mm to 1200mm, the salinity is 15-25, the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, the water is fertilized 6 days before the seeding, and the water is fertilized once within 10 days after the seeding, wherein the water fertilizing method comprises the following steps: 10-15g of nitrogenous fertilizer per cubic meter, 1-2g of phosphate fertilizer per cubic meter, and simultaneously 100g of fermented chicken manure per cubic meter is additionally applied as a base fertilizer, and eel powder is fed every day by 50-100g per mu 10-30 days after seedling placement.
And fourthly, cultivating for 30 days to cultivate 10-18 seedlings with the length of 25mm per square meter in the cement pond, and cultivating 58-166 seedlings with the length of 25mm per square meter in the seawater pond.
According to the experimental data, when the outdoor seawater pond is adopted for cultivation, the seawater pond has sufficient natural light, water quality and temperature and sufficient bait, so that the opening and growth and development of the siganus guttatus fry are facilitated, 58-166 fries with the length of 25mm fries are cultivated per square meter after the cultivation for 30 days, and the emergence rate is far higher than that of 10-18 fries with the length of 25mm fries per square meter cultivated in a cement pond.
The invention adopts 3 measures of salinity regulation, water temperature control and illumination regulation, improves the maturation rate of the siganus guttatus parents (from 35.5 percent to 65.5 percent), improves the synchronization rate of male and female fishes (from 35.5 percent to 75.6 percent), simultaneously improves the fertilization rate (from 39.4 percent to 85.3 percent) and the hatching rate (from 60.3 percent to 80.5 percent) through artificial incubation and seed cultivation measures.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited thereto, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the scope of the appended claims is to be accorded the full range of equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A method for large-scale efficient natural propagation of siganus longipes parents is characterized by comprising the following steps:
after the natural water temperature exceeds 15 ℃, disinfecting and putting the siganus longipes parents meeting the standard into a parent culture pond, feeding after stabilizing for 1-3 days, regulating and controlling parent culture parameters, performing daily management by salinity regulation, water temperature control and illumination regulation and combining with a nutrition strengthening step; after 1-3 months, carrying out maturation inspection to obtain mature siganus guttatus parents, and enabling the siganus guttatus parents to naturally lay eggs and propagate; through artificial incubation and fry breeding, the large-scale efficient natural propagation of siganus longipes parents is achieved;
the selection conditions of the parents of the siganus longipes which meet the standard are as follows: the female age is more than 2 years old, the weight is 500- & lt700 g, and the body length is 200- & lt240 mm; the age of the male is more than 1.5 years, the weight of the male is 200-450g, and the length of the male is 150-250 mm; both the male parent and the female parent are healthy and have no injury;
the parent breeding pool structure is as follows: an indoor semi-buried rectangular cement pond is adopted as a parent breeding pond; the stocking density of the parent is 4 tails/m3；
The salinity regulation is to regulate the salinity by adding bittern or fresh water so as to culture the siganus longipes parents between 15 and 25 salinity;
the water temperature control is realized by controlling the temperature of a thermostat, so that the siganus longipes parents are cultured at the water temperature of 18-25 ℃;
the illumination regulation and control is realized by regulating the black gauze and a fluorescent lamp, so that the siganus longipes parents are cultured under the natural illumination intensity;
the artificial incubation is carried out through a black hard plastic incubation barrel, the incubation barrel is in a shape of a cone with a big upper part and a small lower part, the horizontal included angle is 75 degrees, the diameter of an upper opening is 800mm, seawater is fed from the conical bottom by a 1-inch pipe, and the seawater flowing out is filtered by a 200-mesh gauze on the conical bottom;
the seedling cultivation is performed by seawater pond cultivation, and the pond area is 667-plus-6670 m2The pond water inlet is filtered by a 300-mesh gauze, the water depth is slowly increased from 600mm to 1200mm, the salinity is 15-25, the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the water is fertilized 6 days before the seeding.
2. The method for large-scale efficient natural propagation of siganus longipes parents as claimed in claim 1, wherein the semi-buried indoor rectangular cement pond is 2/3 underground, 1/3 is underground, the length, the width and the height are respectively 6m x 4m x 1.5m, a heat preservation mulching film is covered on the top of the pond, one end of the pond is filled with water at the top of the pond, the bottom of the other end of the pond is provided with a water outlet, an air head is arranged, seawater filtered by sand is filled in the pond, a thermostat is arranged, and the cultivation pond keeps natural light.
3. The method for large-scale efficient natural propagation of siganus longibrachiatus parents according to claim 1, wherein in the daily management process, water is changed after dirt absorption every day, the water change amount is 20% of the original water amount, the temperature difference between the temperature of the added seawater and the water in the culture pond is not more than 1 ℃, disease control is performed every 15 days, the culture ponds are alternately changed every month to ensure good water quality, and water is flushed and stimulated every morning and afternoon for 30-60min each day at the flow rate of 20-35 mm/s.
4. The method for the large-scale efficient natural propagation of siganus longipes parents according to claim 1, wherein the nutrition enrichment step comprises the following steps: according to the water temperature, the daily feed feeding amount is 2-6%, the percentage of 2-6% is the ratio of the feeding feed mass and the total fish mass, the feeding is carried out at 9:00 am and 3:00 pm every day, the feeding feed comprises artificial compound feed and fresh and live bait, the artificial compound feed is jiama brand golden pompano compound feed No. 5, the fresh and live bait is fresh and shelled oyster meat, and the fresh and live bait accounts for 20-30% of the total feeding feed amount.
5. The method for the large-scale efficient natural propagation of siganus longipes parents according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(A) parent selection: the parent standard of the siganus longipes is selected to be that the female age is more than 2 years, the weight is 500-; the age of the male is more than 1.5 years, the weight of the male is 200-450g, and the length of the male is 150-250 mm; both the male parent and the female parent are healthy and have no injury;
(B) after the natural water temperature exceeds 15 ℃, putting the parents of the siganus longipes meeting the standard into a parent culture pond after disinfection treatment, wherein the stocking density of the parents is 4 tails/m3The cultivation method is a daily management method;
(C) salinity regulation: adjusting salinity by adding bittern or fresh water to culture the siganus longipes parents at salinity of 15-25;
(D) daily management: feeding after 1-3 days of stabilization; controlling the temperature at 18-25 ℃; the water level height is controlled to be 100cm, the dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/l, the nitrite nitrogen is less than 0.2mg/l, and the COD is less than 2 mg/l; in the cultivation process, water is changed after dirt absorption every day, the water changing amount is 20% of the original water amount, the temperature difference between the temperature of the added seawater and the water in the cultivation pool is not more than 1 ℃, disease control is carried out every 15 days, the cultivation pools are alternated every month to ensure good water quality, and the water is flushed and stimulated every morning and afternoon, the water is flushed for 30-60min respectively, and the flow rate is 20-35 mm/s;
(E) a nutrition enhancing step: feeding the artificial mixed feed at 9:00 am every day and feeding the fresh and live baits at 3:00 pm every day according to the water temperature of 2-6%, wherein the fresh and live baits account for 20-30% of the total amount of the fed feed;
(F) after 1-3 months of nutrition enhancement, obtaining mature siganus guttatus parents, and naturally spawning;
(G) artificial incubation: adopting a black hard plastic incubation barrel for artificial incubation, wherein the incubation barrel is in a shape of a big end up and a small end down, the horizontal included angle is 75 degrees, the diameter of the upper opening is 800mm, seawater is fed from the conical bottom by a 1-inch pipe, and the seawater flowing out is filtered by a 200-mesh gauze on the conical bottom; the water quality is clean, the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, the salinity is 15-25, and an inflatable sand head is arranged per square meter to ensure that the dissolved oxygen of the hatching water body is sufficient;
(H) and (3) seedling cultivation: an outdoor seawater pond cultivation method is adopted, and the pond area is 667-6670m2The pond water inlet is filtered by a 300-mesh gauze, the water depth is slowly increased from 600mm to 1200mm, the salinity is 15-25, the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the water is fertilized 6 days before the seeding.
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Application publication date: 20210827 |