CN113164647B - 低温固化的有机硅润滑涂料 - Google Patents

低温固化的有机硅润滑涂料 Download PDF

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CN113164647B
CN113164647B CN201980078831.1A CN201980078831A CN113164647B CN 113164647 B CN113164647 B CN 113164647B CN 201980078831 A CN201980078831 A CN 201980078831A CN 113164647 B CN113164647 B CN 113164647B
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medical device
coating
silicone
catalyst
coating composition
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CN113164647A (zh
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区端力
C·瓦利
F·R·小齐霍茨基
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Aixikang Co ltd
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Aixikang Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了用于医疗装置的新型润滑涂料。该涂料提供改善的润滑性和耐久性，并且易于在不使装置变形的低温下施用于涂覆工艺中。本发明还涉及用于此类涂料中的新型铂二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷乙烯基环己醇络合物催化剂。该催化剂提供快速固化，同时抑制环境温度下的交联，从而改善涂料的生产留釜时间。

Description

低温固化的有机硅润滑涂料
相关专利申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2018年11月29日提交的美国临时申请62/773,102的权益，该临时申请的内容全文以引用方式并入本文以用于所有目的。
本申请涉及与本申请同时提交并且具有共同受让人的PCT申请______(代理人案卷号ETH6058WOPCT1)，该申请的内容全文以引用方式并入本文以用于所有目的。
技术领域
本发明所属的技术领域是基于有机硅的润滑涂料，具体地讲是用于医疗装置上的基于机硅的润滑涂料。
背景技术
对于植入式或插入式医疗装置诸如缝合线、皮下注射针、外科针、导管和接触组织的切割装置而言，通常需要润滑涂料。此类涂料的主要目的是使装置易于穿透到或插入到组织中并穿过组织，从而利于外科手术。
已经开发出多种常规的生物相容性润滑剂，并且它们通常为有机硅(例如聚二甲基硅氧烷)或含有机硅的涂料。例如，已知缩合固化的有机硅涂料可用作医疗装置上的润滑涂料。此类涂料制剂包含氨基与烷氧基官能团，所述官能团可以在相对低温与高湿度水平下固化(交联)。还已知使用含氨基丙基的有机硅作为用于注射器针的润滑涂料。那些涂料使用含环氧基的有机硅作为交联剂并且在多次穿透时可具有改善的穿透性能。还已知在有机硅溶液的共混物中利用热塑性聚合物诸如聚丙烯(例如以粉末形式)可改善所得涂料层的机械特性。聚丙烯粉末可在不牺牲润滑性的情况下提高有机硅针涂料的耐久性。上文所列的大多数已知且常规使用的有机硅涂料在施用之后需要漫长的热固化步骤，这通常不适合于快速、高速生产工艺。
已尝试改善涂料固化时间，包括可在紫外线暴露后对医疗装置诸如针进行快速(＜10秒)固化的快速可UV固化有机硅润滑涂料。然而，包含于此类涂料中的某些可UV固化组分的潜在危害可能成为人们担心的理由。
20世纪70年代初，GE Silicone的Karstedt发明了一种用于氢化硅烷化的高活性铂催化剂(美国专利3,775,452)。“Karstedt催化剂”在环境温度下是高活性的，此性质使得其在不添加抑制剂的情况下难以在大多数商业有机硅涂料中使用。相继发明出若干其它铂催化剂以试图解决此问题。例如，在Karstedt催化剂发明之后随即制备出铂-环乙烯基甲基硅氧烷络合物(美国专利3,814,730)，并且此催化剂意图为乙烯基/氢化物反应性涂料溶液混合物提供较长的生产工艺留釜时间(pot life)。
共同转让的美国专利9,434,857和10,441,947描述了用于医疗装置的新型润滑涂料。该涂料提供改善的润滑性和耐久性，并且易于在常规涂覆工艺中施用。这些专利还涉及用于此类涂料的新型铂催化剂。该催化剂提供快速固化，同时抑制环境温度下的交联，从而改善涂料的生产留釜时间。此类组合物的限制在于它们不适合涂覆将由于组合物固化形成涂料所需的高温(例如，高于160℃)而变形的聚合物材料。
为了用在医疗装置诸如外科针和缝合线上，润滑有机硅涂料耐久并易于以均匀、一致的方式施用是关键。需要用外科缝合线接近或闭合组织的外科手术通常需要外科针与缝合线多次穿过组织。易于多次穿过组织的穿透将使得外科医生的工作更容易，并且这可能导致更好的组织修复或闭合。患者将不仅受益于增强的愈合和优异的结果，而且还受益于导致伤口或开口可能暴露于环境中病原体的时间更短的更快手术，并且在需要麻醉时还使患者受益于更短的全身麻醉时间段。
一些医疗装置诸如外科针通常以高速生产工艺制造。例如，以引用方式并入的美国专利5,776,268公开了此类工艺。针(通常由线材)形成并成型之后，清洁制备过程中的针，并且用润滑涂料以常规方式诸如浸涂、喷涂、刷涂等涂覆针。在以均匀的方式施用涂料以基本上涂覆针的外表面之后，将针移至适当的固化设备诸如烘箱中以执行涂料固化工艺，该工艺提供能量(例如热)以固化有机硅涂料。
通常在制造现场，通过将有机硅聚合物组分与适当的催化剂和溶剂混合来制备有机硅涂料。此类涂料和催化剂(尤其是用在医疗装置上的医疗级涂料和催化剂)是昂贵的，并且通常具有本领域通常已知的短“留釜时间”。本领域常规使用的术语“留釜时间”具有如下含义：当有机硅涂料与催化剂混合并准备在涂覆工艺中施用时，由于在生产设施中于环境条件下发生交联反应而通常具有有限的可用时间。这种短留釜时间可导致一些已知问题，包括例如过早固化，导致涂料溶液在其使用期间粘度增加。这通常将导致医疗装置的表面上的所得涂层不一致，从而造成外观缺陷和性能缺陷。
本领域需要用于医疗装置的改善的有机硅涂料，该有机硅涂料在多次穿过组织时具有改善的润滑性和耐久性。还需要具有改善的固化时间而不牺牲润滑性和耐久性的改善的催化组合物和有机硅涂料，它们不包含潜在有害成分并且能够在不使待涂覆装置诸如缝合线和其它聚合物装置变形的条件下施用。
本领域还需要用于有机硅涂料的改善催化剂，该催化剂在暴露于热时提供快速固化，但在环境条件下在有机硅涂料溶液中随时间推移相对稳定并且在典型的生产环境中保持相对稳定更长时间段。
发明内容
因此，本发明公开了新型催化组合物和润滑有机硅涂料组合物。
在一个实施方案中，该涂料组合物包含具有反应性官能团的第一可交联有机硅聚合物、硅氧烷交联剂以及含二氧化硅的组合物，该含二氧化硅的组合物可作为单独的组分加入，但更优选地包含在可交联有机硅聚合物中。该涂料组合物还可包含铂催化剂。
本发明的另一方面是一种具有表面的医疗装置，其中表面的至少一部分涂覆有上述新型有机硅润滑涂料组合物。
本发明的又一方面是一种用有机硅润滑涂料组合物涂覆医疗装置的方法。在该涂覆医疗装置的新型方法中，提供了具有表面的医疗装置。将润滑有机硅涂料施用到表面的至少一部分。该涂料组合物包含可交联有机硅聚合物和含二氧化硅的组合物，该含二氧化硅的组合物可作为单独的组分加入，但更优选地包含在可交联有机硅聚合物中。该涂料还包含有机硅交联剂和催化剂。
本发明的又一方面是一种与可交联有机硅涂料一起使用的新型铂催化剂。该催化剂由具有下式的铂络合物组成：
Pt[(CH2＝CH)(CH3)2Si]2O·C6H10(OH)(CH＝CH2)
本发明的另一方面是一种使用上述催化剂来固化含可交联有机硅聚合物的涂料溶液的方法。
通过以下描述，本发明的这些方面和其它方面以及优点将变得更加显而易见。
附图说明
图1是Karstedt催化剂的NMR峰与本发明的新型催化剂的NMR峰的比较。
具体实施方式
术语有机硅与硅氧烷在本领域中通常互换使用，并且本文也采用了此习惯。此外，如本文所用，术语“环境温度”旨在描述约20℃至约25℃的温度。
润滑涂料组合物
本发明的一个方面涉及尤其可用于涂覆医疗装置诸如外科针和缝合线以及其它聚合物医疗装置的表面的新型润滑有机硅涂料组合物。
在一个实施方案中，该组合物包含可交联硅氧烷聚合物和含二氧化硅的组合物的混合物，该含二氧化硅的组合物可作为单独的组分加入，但更优选地包含在可交联有机硅聚合物、常规有机硅交联剂和铂催化剂中。将有机硅聚合物组分与常规芳族有机溶剂(包括例如二甲苯)和脂族有机溶剂(诸如例如己烷、庚烷或其商业衍生物)共混以形成涂料溶液或组合物。适用于涂料溶液的其它溶剂包括但不限于低分子量硅氧烷，例如六甲基二硅氧烷。
可用于本发明的涂料组合物中的可交联硅氧烷聚合物将具有反应性官能团或封端官能团，包括但不限于乙烯基封端的羟基和丙烯酸酯官能团。可在本发明的润滑涂料中使用的可交联硅氧烷聚合物优选地包括乙烯基封端的聚二烷基硅氧烷或乙烯基封端的聚烷基芳基硅氧烷。示例包括但不限于以下乙烯基封端的硅氧烷聚合物：聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚二苯基硅烷-二甲基硅氧烷共聚物、聚苯基甲基硅氧烷、聚氟丙基甲基-二甲基硅氧烷共聚物和聚二乙基硅氧烷。尤其优选使用乙烯基封端的可交联的聚甲基硅氧烷。
可在本发明的涂料中使用的交联剂包括常规有机硅交联剂，诸如例如聚甲基氢硅氧烷、聚甲基氢-共聚-聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚乙基氢硅氧烷、聚甲基氢硅氧烷-共聚-辛基甲基硅氧烷、聚甲基氢硅氧烷-共聚-甲基苯基硅氧烷。用于本发明的涂料中的一种优选的常规催化剂为聚甲基氢硅氧烷。本发明的涂料中的交联密度的精确控制通过精确控制不可交联有机硅聚合物(例如聚二甲基硅氧烷)与完全交联聚合物的比率来实现。任选地，在铂络合物催化剂的存在下，通过官能化的可交联聚合物与交联剂之间的反应，例如乙烯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷与聚甲基氢硅氧烷之间的乙烯基硅烷化反应，形成完全交联聚合物。不可交联聚合物例如聚二甲基硅氧烷与完全交联聚合物的比率足够有效，以为所得的互穿聚合物网络提供结构增强，并且通常介于约0.1重量/重量和约9重量/重量之间，优选地介于约0.40重量/重量和约4.0重量/重量之间(交联剂重量与乙烯基封端聚二甲基硅氧烷的比)。可用于本发明的涂料中的乙烯基封端的可交联基础聚合物例如聚二甲基硅氧烷基础聚合物将具有约9000至约400,000并且优选地约40,000至约100,000的重均分子量。该聚合物的示例包括但不限于：可购自宾夕法尼亚州莫里斯维尔19067的Gelest公司(Gelest Inc.，Morrisville，Pa.，19067)的Gelest产品代码DMS-V31、DMS-V33、DMS-V35、DMS-V42、DMS-V46、DMS-V52等。乙烯基封端的聚二甲基二硅氧烷的典型分子结构如下：
Figure GDA0004013529800000051
其中n由分子量限定。
其中所用的有机硅聚合物的分子量可基于粘度和分子量之间的关系进行估算(有机硅液：稳定惰性介质的工程特性和设计特性(SILICONE FLUIDS：STABLE，INERT MEDIAENGINEERING AND DESIGN PROPERTIES)，第11页，Gelest公司所发布目录，11East SteelRd.，Morrisville，PA 19067)。使用A.J.Barry的分子量关系(M)＞2,500将25℃下以厘沲(cSt)表示的运动粘度μ关联起来，有机硅的分子量M可如下估算：
log μcSt＝1.00+0.0123M0.5
(如A.J.Barry在应用物理学杂志(Journal of Applied Physics)第17卷，第1020页(1946年)中所发布)。
可交联的硅氧烷聚合物在医疗装置的一个或多个表面上形成涂层的基质相。在铂催化剂的存在下，乙烯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷与聚甲基氢硅氧烷交联剂在适当条件下反应。作为该反应的结果，乙烯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷线性聚合物彼此完全交联。与乙烯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷基体聚合物相比，聚甲基氢硅氧烷交联剂的量远大于化学计量比。据信，交联剂中额外的SiH官能团与医疗装置例如聚合物缝合线表面上的OH官能团在升高的温度下反应而形成Si-O-C键，或者在钢针的情况下则形成Si-O-Fe键。作为此反应的结果，在有机硅涂层与装置之间由此产生的共价键导致涂层粘附到装置表面。
聚甲基氢硅氧烷交联剂或在本发明实践中使用的交联剂将具有介于约1000和约3000之间、并且优选地介于约1400和约2100之间的分子量。该聚合物交联剂的示例包括但不限于可购自宾夕法尼亚州莫里斯维尔19067的Gelest公司的Gelest产品代码HMS-991、HMS-992。聚甲基氢硅氧烷交联剂的典型分子结构如下：
Figure GDA0004013529800000061
其中n由分子量限定。
聚甲基氢-共聚-聚二甲基硅氧烷也可在本发明的新型涂中用作交联剂(cross-linker)或交联剂(cross-linking agent)。该聚合物的示例包括但不限于Gelest产品代码HMS-301、HMS-501。该硅氧烷聚合物交联剂的分子量将通常介于约900和约5,000之间，并且优选地介于约1,200至约3,000之间。聚甲基氢-共聚-聚二甲基硅氧烷交联剂的典型分子结构如下：
Figure GDA0004013529800000071
其中n和m由分子量限定。
含二氧化硅的组合物
如本文所用，描述用于本发明的含二氧化硅的组合物包含二氧化硅材料作为单独的组分(诸如经表面处理的二氧化硅)，或者得自在可交联有机硅聚合物混合物中包含二氧化硅的可商购获得的组合物。
作为单独的组分，将二氧化硅掺入本发明的涂料中以改善其机械特性并产生一些形式的摩擦以确保缝合线的打结牢固性。对于二氧化硅填料，需要进行六甲基甲硅烷基表面处理以使得其能够与聚硅氧烷聚合物基体相容，从而防止涂料溶液中的相分离。经处理的二氧化硅的示例包括经六甲基二硅氮烷处理的二氧化硅，即，经三甲基甲硅烷基表面处理的二氧化硅填料(Gelest SIS6962.0)。
就已经含二氧化硅的有机硅聚合物而言，这些可得自可商购获得的来源，诸如含二氧化硅的组合物，其选自反应性含二氧化硅的有机硅基料，包括HCR(高稠度橡胶)基料和LSR(液体硅橡胶)基料，优选的是LSR基料。该材料的其它商业示例包括但不限于：Wacker401-10、401-20、401-40基料；以及液体硅橡胶基料，该材料的商业示例包括但不限于Bluestar Silbione LSR 4370基料。这些类型的商业硅橡胶基料通过将经表面处理的二氧化硅填料与各种分子量的乙烯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷聚合物混合来制备。可在混合过程中进行原位表面处理以改善填料与聚硅氧烷聚合物之间的相容性。
催化剂
GE Silicone的Bruce Karstedt在20世纪70年代初发明了一种高活性铂催化剂(“Karstedt催化剂”)(美国专利3,775,452)。在环境温度下，乙烯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷可与聚甲基氢硅氧烷交联剂仅用10ppm的Karstedt催化剂在不到一分钟的时间内发生反应。通常难以或不可能在常规的针和缝合线制造工艺中使用此催化剂，这是因为此催化剂具有高催化活性，并且因为理想情况是常规生产工艺具有经济性。对于针涂覆工艺，完全催化的有机硅涂料溶液通常需要最多一周的留釜时间，而对于缝合线涂覆工艺，需要一个班次(8小时)的留釜时间。开发出了本发明的新型快速铂固化催化剂来解决此问题，并且该新型催化剂与本发明的可交联有机硅聚合物例如乙烯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷和聚甲基氢硅氧烷一起与二氧化硅填料的所得混合物可在环境温度下稳定8小时。在本发明的新型催化剂的存在下，在适度升高的温度(即，70℃至110℃)下，可在不到30秒的时间内引发可交联有机硅聚合物与交联剂例如乙烯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷和聚甲基氢硅氧烷之间的交联反应。根据以下所示的方案1，通过使Karstedt催化剂与乙烯基环己醇反应来制备本发明的新型催化剂。本发明的新型催化剂对有机硅涂料溶液的固化提供更强的控制。这在常规上称为“命令固化”。
方案1
Figure GDA0004013529800000091
本发明的新型催化剂可通过以下方式制备。在环境温度下，Karstedt催化剂的二甲苯溶液与低浓度乙烯环己醇的二甲苯溶液混合足够有效的时间，例如半小时，以完成反应，并且通过反应混合物颜色由澄清至浅棕色的变化来指示反应完成。
所得的包含本发明的新型催化剂的催化剂溶液准备用于本发明的润滑涂料溶液的制备。所得的铂络合催化剂(铂二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷络合物)的式为：
Pt[(CH2＝CH)(CH3)2Si]2O·C6H10(OH)(CH＝CH2)。
应该指出的是所得的催化剂反应混合物将包含少量的反应产物二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷。此组分不影响催化剂，并且是快速蒸掉的低沸点组分。因此，纯化催化剂混合物以去除二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷是任选的，并且据信其存在不影响可交联有机硅聚合物的交联反应。本发明的新型催化剂在低温或环境温度下被抑制，并且在更高温度或固化温度下被活化，即，该催化剂在更低温度或环境温度下失活并且在更高温度或固化温度下被活化。这使得有机硅涂料中的可交联组分的命令固化(命令固化催化作用)发生，以在所需的固化温度下快速形成涂料膜，并且提供长留釜时间并且适用于缝合线涂覆工艺。
溶剂与涂料混合工序
将上述有机硅聚合物和新型铂催化剂分散到低沸点有机溶剂中以形成润滑涂料溶液。低温脂族溶剂用于有机硅分散。芳族溶剂和六甲基二硅氧烷通常用于有机硅分散。典型的示例包括但不限于戊烷、庚烷、己烷以及它们的混合物。以足以使得有机硅聚合物组分有效地共混到均相涂料溶液中的浓度添加有机溶剂。总溶剂浓度为约80重量％至约99重量％，并且更通常为约85重量％至约93重量％，具体取决于涂层厚度要求。本领域的技术人员将会理解可通过改变涂料溶液的固形物含量来设计涂层厚度。
组分的添加顺序十分重要。典型的涂料组合物以如下方式制备。在添加二氧化硅作为单独组分的情况下，将乙烯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷与经表面处理的二氧化硅一起分散到第一溶液诸如六甲基二硅氧烷中达至多两小时，直到完全均匀(溶液2)。然后添加庚烷(溶液3)并进一步混合一小时，之后添加聚甲基氢硅氧烷交联剂。在添加所有催化剂作为最终组分后，将溶液再充分共混一小时。
以下段落中，重量％为涂料溶液中总固形物含量的重量％。本发明的新型涂料组合物将包含足量的聚合物组分、含二氧化硅的组合物、交联剂、催化剂以及溶剂，以有效地提供具有高润滑性和耐久性、长留釜时间并且适于在使用常规涂覆设备的常规涂覆工艺中施用的有机硅涂料。
通常，涂料溶液中的二氧化硅的量将为约5重量％至约40重量％(总固形物)，更通常地约10重量％至约30重量％(总固形物)，并且优选地约15重量％至约25重量％(总固形物)。可交联有机硅聚合物的量通常将为约60重量％至约95重量％(总固形物)，更通常地约70重量％至约90重量％(总固形物)，并且优选地约75重量％至约85重量％(总固形物)。有机硅交联剂的量通常将为约0.2重量％至约6重量％(总固形物)，更通常地约1重量％至约5重量％(总固形物)，并且优选地约2重量％至约4重量％(总固形物)。基于总固形物，本发明的新型润滑有机硅涂料组合物中的铂催化剂(总固形物中的铂元素)的量通常将为约0.0004重量％至约0.0036重量％，更通常地约0.0012重量％至约0.0028重量％，并且优选地约0.0016重量％至约0.0024重量％。
本发明的涂料组合物中的有机溶剂的量通常将为约75重量％至约99.5重量％，更通常地约80重量％至约95重量％，并且优选地约85重量％至约93重量％。本领域的技术人员将会理解，本发明的新型涂料组合物中存在的溶剂的量将根据多个因素而变化，并且将对涂料组合物中的溶剂量进行选择以设计出有效的涂料。通常考虑的因素包括施用方法、固化方法、利用的涂覆设备、环境条件、厚度等。应当理解，本发明的涂料组合物的每种组分可由那些组分的共混物组成。例如，可使用两种或多种不同分子量的不可交联有机硅聚合物，或可使用两种或多种具有不同官能和/或分子量的可交联有机硅聚合物等。
涂覆工艺
本发明的新型有机硅润滑涂料溶液使用常规涂覆技术和工艺及常规涂覆设备施用到医疗装置诸如聚合物缝合线的表面。涂覆设备的示例可为简单的浸涂槽和用于固化涂料的直列式对流烘箱。涂料也可通过刷涂、辊涂或喷涂工艺施用。乙烯基甲基硅烷化加成交联反应可通过穿过干燥箱在线完成。固化时间可缩短至100℃下20秒、95℃下120秒或70℃下60分钟。本发明的润滑有机硅涂料可实现快速固化。
由于聚合物医疗装置在升高的温度下的可变形性质，因此在本发明的实践中希望不超过高于120℃的处理或涂覆温度。优选的涂覆处理温度范围是约60℃至110℃，更优选地约90℃至100℃，并且最优选地约95℃。
可与本发明的新型有机硅涂料组合物一起利用的其它常规固化技术包括热(例如对流加热)、紫外线、等离子、微波辐射、电磁耦合、电离辐射、激光等。在涂覆之前，将以常规方式使用常规工艺诸如电抛光、氧化、超声清洗、等离子、电晕放电处理、化学清洗等来准备医疗装置的表面。
涂层性能测试工序
可用多种常规摩擦或粘附性测试来测试涂覆有本发明的新型组合物的医疗装置的涂层性能。就外科缝合线而言，可使用以下测试来评估涂层性能、耐久性和完整性。
穿过容易性测试：
为了评估牵拉缝合线穿过组织的摩擦力，使用简单的对比测试。测试的目的不是量化穿过力的绝对数，而是建立缝合线样品之间的比较。
使用25毫米厚的高密度(约210Kg/m3或13PCF)聚氨酯泡沫块作为基底。使用单眼针牵拉缝合线穿过泡沫的厚度。将缝合线的端部附接到负荷传感器并置于张力测试机中以测量用于牵拉缝合线的最大力。位移速度设定为2英寸/分钟。
打结牢固性测试：
打结牢固性测试包括在缝合线处于张力下时评估结的行为。在张力测试机中以恒定位移执行测试。将缝合线浸入氯化钠等渗溶液中达24小时并在润湿的情况下进行测试。结被分等为牢固的(无滑移)、滑动并断裂或滑脱(无断裂)。也可报告最大牵拉力。
如前述提及，可用新型润滑涂料涂覆的医疗装置包括常规医疗装置，诸如外科针和缝合线、皮下注射针、导管、外科探针、内窥镜、注射器、外科手术刀、切割刀、整形外科植入物、套管针、插管等。该医疗装置将由常规生物相容性材料构造，包括外科用不锈钢、PTFE、玻璃、合金钢、耐火金属合金、记忆合金、聚合物、包含金属和非金属组分成分的复合物、它们的组合等。生物相容性材料可包括非吸收性材料和生物吸收性材料。
以下实施例示出本发明的原理和实践，但不限于此：
实施例1，铂催化剂(合成工序)
将6g Gelest SIP 6831(2.2％铂二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷络合物的二甲苯溶液，Karstedt催化剂)与6g乙烯基环己醇在环境温度下混合30分钟，并且混合物变成浅棕色。提交2g混合物进行195Pt NMR测量。将混合物的其余部分进一步混合5小时直至变成深棕色。将10g混合物用990g四甲基二硅氧烷稀释以供在后面的实施例中进一步使用。
形成根据方案1的新型铂催化剂的证据主要取决于其195Pt NMR光谱鉴别。Karstedt催化剂在约-6124ppm处产生可分辨的峰。新型催化剂在约-6001ppm处的新峰在混合过程中30分钟时形成，如图1所示。
实施例2a，缝合线涂料溶液的制备
将5.7g市售的含高硬度二氧化硅的液态硅基橡胶(Bluestar Silbione LSR4370基料)与0.17g聚氢甲基硅氧烷交联剂(Gelest HMS 991)和两种溶剂(11.4g六甲基二硅氧烷和60.6g庚烷)混合1小时，之后添加1.0g实施例1的催化剂。将最终混合物在环境温度下搅拌30分钟。
实施例2b，2-0号聚酯缝合线的涂覆
将1米聚酯缝合线(Ethicon 2-0Mersilene)浸入实施例2a的涂料溶液中5秒钟，并且在100℃的温度下固化5分钟。
实施例2c，1号聚酯缝合线的涂覆
将50米聚酯缝合线(Ethicon 1Mersilene)浸入实施例2a的涂料溶液中达2秒，并且在95℃的温度下在直列式固化烘箱中固化2分钟。
实施例3a，缝合线涂料溶液的制备
将2.85g市售的含高硬度二氧化硅的液态有机硅基橡胶(Bluestar SilbioneLSR4370基料)与0.085g聚氢甲基硅氧烷交联剂(Gelest HMS 991)和两种溶剂(11.4g六甲基二硅氧烷和63.5g庚烷)混合1小时，之后添加0.5g实施例1的催化剂。将最终混合物在环境温度下搅拌30分钟。
实施例3b，2-0聚酯缝合线的涂覆
将1米聚酯缝合线(Ethicon 2-0Mersilene)浸入实施例3a的涂料溶液中5秒钟，并且在100℃的温度下固化5分钟。
实施例4a，缝合线涂料溶液的制备
将5.7g市售的含高硬度二氧化硅的液态硅基橡胶(Bluestar Silbione LSR4370基料)与0.17g聚氢甲基硅氧烷交联剂(Gelest HMS 991)和两种溶剂(11.4g六甲基二硅氧烷和23g庚烷)混合1小时，之后添加1.0g实施例1的催化剂。将最终混合物在环境温度下搅拌30分钟。
实施例4b，2-0号聚酯缝合线的涂覆
将1米聚酯缝合线(Ethicon 2-0Mersilene)浸入实施例3a的涂料溶液中5秒钟，并且在100℃的温度下固化5分钟。
实施例4c，1号聚酯缝合线的涂覆
将50米聚酯缝合线(Ethicon 1号Mersilene)浸入实施例4a的涂料溶液中达2秒钟，并且在95℃的温度下在直列式固化烘箱中固化2分钟。
对照例1a(无二氧化硅的涂料)缝合线涂料溶液的制备
将9.5g Gelest XG2385B(乙烯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷和交联剂聚甲基氢硅氧烷的混合物)与0.55g实施例1的组合物和30.5g庚烷混合1小时。
对照例2a(与实施例2a相同的组成，但改为使用Karstedt催化剂以用于留釜时间 测量)
将5.7g市售的含高硬度二氧化硅的液态硅基橡胶(Bluestar Silbione LSR4370基料)与0.17g聚氢甲基硅氧烷交联剂(Gelest HMS 991)和两种溶剂(11.4g六甲基二硅氧烷和60.6g庚烷)混合1小时，之后添加1.0g 1.0％Gelest SIP 6831(2.2％铂二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷络合物(Karstedt)的二甲苯溶液)二甲苯溶液。将最终混合物在环境温度下搅拌1分钟。
对照例1b，2-0聚酯缝合线的涂覆
将1米聚酯缝合线(Ethicon 2-0
Figure GDA0004013529800000141
缝合线)浸入对照例1a的涂料溶液中5秒钟，并且在100℃的温度下固化5分钟。
对照例1c，1号聚酯缝合线的涂覆
将50米聚酯缝合线(Ethicon 1号Mersilene)浸入实施例1a的涂料溶液中达2秒钟，并且在95℃的温度下在直列式固化烘箱中固化2分钟。
性能测试：
1.缝合线穿过测试
2-0号聚酯缝合线
对实施例2b和3b、对照例1、无涂覆缝合线以及两种商业涂覆缝合线(
Figure GDA0004013529800000152
缝合线和Ti-CronTM缝合线)执行缝合线穿过测试。所有缝合线的尺寸相同(2-0)，并且结果汇总于表1中。
表1：2-0号聚酯缝合线穿过测试
Figure GDA0004013529800000153
1号聚酯缝合线
对实施例2c和4c、对照例1c、无涂覆缝合线以及一种商业涂覆缝合线(
Figure GDA0004013529800000154
缝合线)执行缝合线穿过测试。所有缝合线的尺寸相同(1号)，并且结果汇总于表2中。
表2：1号聚酯缝合线穿过测试
Figure GDA0004013529800000151
参见表1，观察到，与无涂覆缝合线和常规涂覆缝合线(
Figure GDA0004013529800000155
Tri-CronTM)相比，2-0号聚酯缝合线实施例2b和对照例1(不含二氧化硅)穿过测试介质所需的力显著较小，这表明与商业缝合线相比，本发明的有机硅涂料表现出降低使涂覆缝合线穿过聚氨酯泡沫所需的力的预期效果。参见表2，观察结果在尺寸1缝合线测试中是一致的。本发明实施例和对照样品均提供比商业产品显著更低的穿过力。
2.打结牢固性测试
对实施例2b、3b和4b、对照例1、无涂覆缝合线以及两种商业涂覆缝合线(
Figure GDA0004013529800000161
缝合线和Ti-CronTM缝合线)执行打结牢固性测试。所有缝合线的尺寸相同(2-0)，并且结果汇总于表3中。
表3：2-0号缝合线打结牢固性测试
样品 最大负荷(1b.) 打结牢固性发生率(％)
实施例2b 14.5 33
实施例3b 8.2 0
实施例4b 16.0 95
对照例1b 1.0 0
商业样品1(Ethibond) 16.4 30
商业样品2(Ti-Cron) 15.2 90
无涂覆样品(Mersilene) 17.5 100
对实施例2c、4c以及一种商业涂覆缝合线(
Figure GDA0004013529800000162
缝合线)执行打结牢固性测试。所有缝合线的尺寸相同(1号)，并且结果汇总于表4中。
表4：1号聚酯缝合线打结牢固性测试
样品 最大负荷(1b.) 打结牢固性发生率(％)
实施例2c 38.4 90
实施例4c 38.0 100
商业样品(1号Ethibond) 26.3 50
对照例1c 1.8 0
参见表3，非常令人惊讶地观察到，实施例2b的打结牢固性性能与商业涂覆聚酯缝合线
Figure GDA0004013529800000163
相当，而常规的有机硅涂覆缝合线(对照例1)完全丧失打结牢固性。
参见表4，两个本发明的实施例均提供比商业涂覆聚酯缝合线(Ethibond)更好的打结牢固性性能。
3.留釜时间
通过观察溶液粘度的变化，对实施例2a、3a和4a以及对照例1a和2a执行留釜时间研究。测量这些样品在8小时时间段内的粘度，并且结果汇总于表5中。
表5：涂料溶液随时间推移的粘度变化(cPs)
样品 5分钟 1小时 4小时 8小时
实施例2a 2.00 2.25 2.00 2.25
实施例3a 1.50 1.50 1.50 3.00
实施例4a 7.25 7.00 7.50 7.25
对照例1a 7.50 7.25 7.50 7.75
对照例2a 3.50 凝胶*  
*样品在25分钟后停止流动。
实施例2a、3a、4a以及对照例1a(均包含本发明的新型催化剂)提供达至多8小时的一致粘度，这适合典型的缝合线涂覆生产周期。Karstedt催化剂(对照例2a)不能在25分钟内提供一致的粘度和凝胶，这使得其不适合任何有意义规模的缝合线涂覆工艺。
与现有技术的涂料和催化剂相比，本发明的新型涂料和催化剂具有许多优点。这些涂料允许对交联聚合物网络结构进行精确控制，从而得到一致的所得涂层和一致性能的涂覆装置，尤其是涂覆外科缝合线。该涂料提供独特的聚合物网络结构，这同时为所得有机硅涂层提供润滑性和耐久性。该催化剂提供命令固化催化作用，使得涂料溶液能够快速形成膜，同时具有期望的长留釜时间。该催化剂在低温或环境温度下被抑制，并且在不使聚合物缝合线或其它聚合物医疗装置变形的温度下不受抑制或再活化。该涂料和催化剂提供更有效的涂覆和固化工艺。
虽然已相对于本发明的详细实施方案示出和描述本发明，但本领域的技术人员将理解，在不脱离所要求保护的本发明的实质和范围的情况下，可对本发明在形式上和细节上作出各种改变。

Claims (19)

1.一种涂覆有润滑有机硅涂层的医疗装置，包括：
具有表面的医疗装置；以及
位于所述表面的至少一部分上的润滑有机硅涂层，所述涂层由涂料组合物形成，所述涂料组合物包含：
具有反应性官能团的可交联有机硅聚合物；
含二氧化硅的组合物；
有机硅交联剂；以及
催化剂，其中所述催化剂是环境失活催化剂并且由具有下式的铂二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷乙烯基环己醇络合物组成：
Pt[(CH2＝CH)(CH3)2Si]2O·C6H10(OH)(CH＝CH2)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置，其中所述可交联有机硅聚合物选自乙烯基封端的聚二烷基硅氧烷、乙烯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、乙烯基封端的聚二苯基硅烷-二甲基硅氧烷共聚物、乙烯基封端的聚苯基甲基硅氧烷、乙烯基封端的聚氟丙基甲基-二甲基硅氧烷共聚物和乙烯基封端的聚二乙基硅氧烷。
3.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置，其中所述可交联有机硅聚合物包含乙烯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷。
4.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置，其中所述含二氧化硅的组合物包含经三甲基甲硅烷基表面处理的二氧化硅填料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置，其中所述含二氧化硅的组合物选自可商购获得的反应性含二氧化硅的有机硅基料，其包括高稠度橡胶基料和液体硅橡胶基料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的医疗装置，其中所述含二氧化硅的组合物是液体硅橡胶基料。
7.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置，其中所述有机硅交联剂选自聚甲基氢硅氧烷、聚甲基氢-共聚-聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚乙基氢硅氧烷、聚甲基氢硅氧烷-共聚-辛基甲基硅氧烷和聚甲基氢硅氧烷-共聚-甲基苯基硅氧烷。
8.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置，其中所述有机硅交联剂包含聚甲基氢硅氧烷。
9.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置，其中基于所述涂料组合物的重量，所述涂料组合物还包含75重量％至93重量％的有机溶剂。
10.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置，其中基于总固形物，所述涂料组合物包含0.2重量％至6重量％的所述有机硅交联剂，其中基于所述涂料组合物的重量，所述涂料组合物还包含75重量％至93重量％的有机溶剂。
11.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置，其中基于总固形物，所述涂料组合物包含0.0004重量％至0.0036重量％的铂催化剂，其中基于所述涂料组合物的重量，所述涂料组合物还包含75重量％至99.5重量％的有机溶剂。
12.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置，其中所述涂料组合物还包含选自以下的溶剂：二甲苯、甲苯、戊烷、己烷、庚烷、辛烷以及它们的组合。
13.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置，其中所述医疗装置包含选自以下的生物相容性材料：不锈钢、PTFE、玻璃、陶瓷、聚合物、耐火金属合金、记忆合金以及金属和非金属的复合物。
14.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置，其中所述医疗装置选自外科针、缝合线、皮下注射针、外科手术刀、导管、切割刀、外科探针、内窥镜、剪刀和切割刀。
15.根据权利要求14所述的医疗装置，其中所述医疗装置包括外科缝合线。
16.一种组合物，包含具有下式的铂二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷乙烯基环己醇络合物：
Pt[(CH2＝CH)(CH3)2Si]2O·C6H10(OH)(CH＝CH2)。
17.一种涂料组合物，包含：
具有反应性官能团的可交联有机硅聚合物；
含二氧化硅的组合物；
有机硅交联剂；以及
催化剂，其中所述催化剂是环境失活催化剂并且由具有下式的铂二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷乙烯基环己醇络合物组成：
Pt[(CH2＝CH)(CH3)2Si]2O·C6H10(OH)(CH＝CH2)。
18.根据权利要求17所述的涂料组合物，其中所述组合物能够在70℃和更高的温度下固化。
19.根据权利要求18所述的涂料组合物，其中所述组合物能够在95℃的温度下在2分钟内固化。
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