CN113039956A - Method for efficiently removing fruit branches and leaf branches at lower part of mechanically harvested cotton - Google Patents
Method for efficiently removing fruit branches and leaf branches at lower part of mechanically harvested cotton Download PDFInfo
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- CN113039956A CN113039956A CN202110274098.XA CN202110274098A CN113039956A CN 113039956 A CN113039956 A CN 113039956A CN 202110274098 A CN202110274098 A CN 202110274098A CN 113039956 A CN113039956 A CN 113039956A
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- IAJOBQBIJHVGMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphoryl]butanoic acid Chemical compound CP(O)(=O)CCC(N)C(O)=O IAJOBQBIJHVGMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000005561 Glufosinate Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 22
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000006286 nutrient intake Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 description 33
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 240000002024 Gossypium herbaceum Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000004341 Gossypium herbaceum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001640 apoptogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for efficiently removing fruit branches and leaf branches at the lower part of machine-harvested cotton, which comprises the following steps: spraying chemical agents on 4-6 fruit branches and leaf branches at the lower part of the mechanically harvested cotton in the period of 8-14 fruit branches of the mechanically harvested cotton; wherein the selected chemical agent is prepared by compounding glufosinate-ammonium, urea and water, and the dosage ratio of glufosinate-ammonium, urea and water is (0.5-1.5) g: 200 g: 1L of the compound. The method provided by the invention improves the ventilation and light transmission of the lower part, reduces the occurrence of weeds, reduces the nutrient consumption, reduces rotten bolls, increases the nitrogen supply, increases the weight of a single boll, is beneficial to the cotton to be gathered into bolls and boll opening, facilitates the unified coordination of later-stage management and control, is beneficial to mechanical harvesting, and finally greatly reduces the manual input compared with the manual removal of lower fruit branches and leaf branches, increases the yield of seed cotton, saves cost and obviously improves the effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of light and simplified cultivation of cotton, in particular to a method for efficiently removing fruit branches and leaf branches at the lower part of machine-harvested cotton.
Background
With the development of agricultural machinery equipment, variety updating and cultivation technology, mechanization and simplification of cotton production become main trends, and mechanical cotton picking is emerging in inland cotton areas. The Jianghan plain is used as an important production area of cotton areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river, key technologies of mechanical cotton picking are mature day by day, key technologies such as one-time sowing and full-seedling control and unmanned aerial vehicle chemical control are formed, and a plurality of defects exist in the aspects of weed control, mechanical harvesting and the like. In actual production, chemical weeding and artificial weeding are combined, rainwater is sufficient in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river within 6-7 months, cotton grows vigorously, hidden cotton is prone to forming, ventilation and light transmission are poor, rotten bolls are increased, nutrients consumed by branches and leaves on the lower portion are too much, yield is affected, farmers habitually and manually remove fruit branches and leaf branches on the lower portion to improve boll concentration and boll opening, manual or mechanical harvesting is facilitated, the method is low in efficiency, inconvenient to operate and high in labor consumption. Therefore, how to reduce artificial weeding as much as possible and improve the efficiency of removing lower fruit branches and leaf branches becomes a key technical problem to be solved urgently for mechanical cotton picking.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a method for efficiently removing lower fruit branches and leaf branches of machine-harvested cotton, so as to solve the technical problems of low efficiency, inconvenient operation and high labor consumption of the method for removing lower fruit branches and leaf branches of machine-harvested cotton in the prior art.
The invention provides a method for efficiently removing fruit branches and leaf branches at the lower part of machine-harvested cotton, which comprises the following steps: spraying chemical agents on 4-6 fruit branches and leaf branches at the lower part of the mechanically harvested cotton in the period of 8-14 fruit branches of the mechanically harvested cotton; wherein the selected chemical agent is prepared by compounding glufosinate-ammonium, urea and water, and the dosage ratio of glufosinate-ammonium, urea and water is (0.5-1.5) g: 200 g: 1L of the compound.
Further, the mass ratio of the glufosinate-ammonium to the urea is (0.5-1): 200.
Further, the mass ratio of the glufosinate-ammonium to the urea is 1: 200.
Furthermore, the spraying amount is 10-20 kg/mu, the number of plants per mu is 4000-.
Furthermore, the spraying amount is 15 kg/mu, the number of plants per mu is 5000, and the spraying amount is 3g per plant on average.
Further, spraying is carried out in the period of 8-10 fruit branches.
And further, spraying in sunny and windless weather.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for efficiently removing the fruit branches and the leaf branches at the lower part of the mechanically harvested cotton reduces weeds, reduces nutrient consumption, reduces rotten bolls, increases nitrogen supply, increases the weight of a single boll, is beneficial to cotton to be centralized into bolls and boll opening, facilitates unified management and control in the later period, is beneficial to mechanical harvesting, and finally greatly reduces manual input, increases the yield of seed cotton, saves cost and remarkably improves efficiency compared with manual removal of the fruit branches and the leaf branches at the lower part.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the effect of chemical removal in test group 3;
fig. 2 is a photograph of the effect of manual removal in test group 3.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a method for efficiently removing fruit branches and leaf branches at the lower part of machine-harvested cotton, which comprises the following steps: spraying chemical agents on 4-6 fruit branches and leaf branches at the lower part of the mechanically harvested cotton in the period of 8-14 fruit branches of the mechanically harvested cotton; wherein the selected chemical agent is prepared by compounding glufosinate-ammonium, urea and water, and the dosage ratio of glufosinate-ammonium, urea and water is (0.5-1.5) g: 200 g: 1L of the compound.
The invention selects the medicament which is prepared by compounding glufosinate-ammonium, urea and water according to a specific proportion, can better remove 4-6 fruit branches and leaf branches at the lower part of the machine-harvested cotton, and simultaneously avoids the reduction of the yield of the machine-harvested cotton. If the mass ratio of the glufosinate-urea is too high, the upper fruit branches and the leaf branches die, and if the mass ratio of the glufosinate-urea is too low, the lower fruit branches and the leaf branches are not completely removed. Meanwhile, the addition of the urea can also supplement nitrogen elements and promote plant production. Preferably, the mass ratio of glufosinate-ammonium to urea is (0.5-1: 200), further 1: 200. Within the mass ratio range, the removal effect of fruit branches and leaf branches at the lower part of the machine-harvested cotton is optimal, and the yield of the machine-harvested cotton is highest. Preferably, chemical agents are sprayed on the lower 5 fruit branches and leaf branches of the mechanically harvested cotton.
In the invention, the spraying amount is 10-20 kg/mu, preferably 15 kg/mu, the number of plants per mu is 4000-5000 plants, preferably 5000 plants, and each plant is sprayed with 2-4g, preferably 3g on average.
The invention does not limit the specific spraying proper amount of each fruit branch and leaf branch of 4-6 fruit branches and leaf branches at the lower part of each machine cotton picking, and the technical personnel in the field can adjust the spraying proper amount within a reasonable range, and specifically comprises the following steps: too many branches and leaves are sprayed more properly, and less branches and leaves are sprayed less properly.
In the actual spraying process, in order to improve the spraying efficiency and reduce the labor cost, a knapsack sprayer can be adopted to spray 4-6 lower fruit branches and leaf branches among cotton planting rows.
In the invention, the spraying effect can be obviously improved by controlling the spraying period to be 8-14 fruit branch periods. The spraying is preferably carried out in the period of 8-10 fruit branches, if the spraying period is too early, the upper fruit branches and leaves can be apoptotic, and if the spraying period is too late, the spraying operation is inconvenient, and the spraying effect is not good.
In the invention, the spraying is preferably carried out in sunny and windless weather so as to prevent the fruit branches close to the upper part of the cotton plant from apoptosis caused by medicament elegant due to strong wind.
In the present invention, the lower 4-6 fruit branches and leaf branches refer to the lower 4-6 fruit branches and leaf branches and the parts below. In the actual operation process, the spraying height needs to be adjusted according to individual differences of cotton plants so as to avoid misspraying of shorter cotton plants.
The following test group is the test condition carried out in 2019-.
Test group 1
Screening of chemical removal agents: mechanically sowing in 2019, 5 and 23 months, wherein the variety is Zhong619, and the area is 1 mu. Chemical agents are sprayed on the lower 5 layers of fruit branches and leaf branches in 8-10 fruit branch periods (7 months and 25 days), 45 plants are sprayed with each agent, the spraying amount of each agent is 3g, the removing effect of the lower fruit branches and leaf branches and the single plant bolling condition are observed, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 removal of lower fruit and leaf branches and boll formation and boll weight per plant with different agents
Test group 2
Optimization of chemical removal period: mechanically direct seeding in 5-month and 24-day 2020, wherein the variety is middle 619, and the area is 1 mu. Chemical agents are sprayed on the lower 5 fruit branches and leaf branches in the 4-6 fruit branch period (7 months and 14 days), the 8-10 fruit branch period (7 months and 25 days) and the 12-14 fruit branch period (8 months and 7 days), the removal effects of the lower fruit branches and leaf branches and the single plant bolling condition are observed, and the results are shown in a table 2. Wherein the chemical agent is prepared from glufosinate-ammonium, urea and water according to the proportion of 1 g: 200 g: 1L of the raw materials are compounded; 684 plants were sprayed for each agent treatment, with a spray amount of 3g per plant.
TABLE 2 Effect of removing lower fruit and leaf branches and boll formation of single plant at different periods
As can be seen from Table 2, under the same conditions, the compound pesticide is sprayed to the lower 4-6 fruit branches and leaf branches of the mechanically harvested cotton in the period of 8-10 fruit branches, the removal effect on the lower fruit branches and leaf branches is optimal, the number of bolls formed by a single plant is the largest, and the yield is the highest.
It should be noted that, due to the influence of factors such as climate among different years, the yield and character of the machine-harvested cotton in different years can be greatly different even if the same spraying condition is adopted.
Test group 3
Mechanically direct seeding 24 days in 5 months in 2020, wherein the variety is middle 619, the area is 20 mu, and 5000 plants are planted in each mu. The lower 5 fruit branches and leaf branches are removed in 8-10 fruit branch periods (25 days in 7 months) through chemical removal and artificial removal respectively, and the removal effect of the lower fruit branches and leaf branches and the single plant bolling condition are observed, and the results are shown in tables 3-4 and figures 1-2. Wherein, chemical removal and manual removal are 10 mu each.
Chemical removal: in 8-10 fruit branch periods (7 months and 25 days), a knapsack sprayer (1 barrel and 15kg of agent) is adopted to spray chemical agents on the lower 5 fruit branches and leaf branches. Wherein the chemical removal agent is prepared from glufosinate-ammonium, urea and water according to the weight ratio of 1 g: 200 g: 1L of the raw materials are compounded; the spraying amount per mu is 15 kg.
Manual removal: in the period of 8-10 fruit branches (7 months and 25 days), the lower 5 fruit branches and leaf branches are manually removed.
TABLE 3 comparison of chemical and Artificial removal of yield traits
TABLE 4 comparison of chemical and manual removal of lower fruit and leaf branches
As can be seen from Table 3, the average number of bolls per plant, the number of bolls per mu and the clothing removed by the chemical method are slightly lower than those removed by the manual method, but the weight of the bolls removed by the chemical method is higher than that removed by the manual method, and finally the actual seed cotton yield and the ginned cotton yield of the chemical method are basically equivalent.
As can be seen from Table 4, the removal efficiency of 2-3 mu per day by manual removal is 0.25-0.38 mu per hour, the removal efficiency of 14-16 mu per day by chemical removal is 1.78-2.00 mu per hour, and the chemical removal efficiency is 4.7-8 times of the manual removal efficiency, so that the removal efficiency is greatly improved, and the labor cost is also reduced. At the same time. As is evident from the comparison between FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the lower 5 fruit branches and leaf branches are completely apoptotic after the chemical agent is sprayed.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for efficiently removing fruit branches and leaf branches at the lower part of machine-harvested cotton is characterized by comprising the following steps: spraying chemical agents on 4-6 fruit branches and leaf branches at the lower part of the mechanically harvested cotton in the period of 8-14 fruit branches of the mechanically harvested cotton; wherein the selected chemical agent is prepared by compounding glufosinate-ammonium, urea and water, and the dosage ratio of glufosinate-ammonium, urea and water is (0.5-1.5) g: 200 g: 1L of the compound.
2. The method for efficiently removing lower fruit branches and leaf branches of machine-harvested cotton according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the glufosinate to the urea is (0.5-1): 200.
3. The method for efficiently removing lower fruit branches and leaf branches of machine-harvested cotton according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the glufosinate to the urea is 1: 200.
4. The method for efficiently removing the fruit branches and the leaf branches at the lower parts of the mechanically harvested cotton as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spraying amount is 10-20 kg/mu, the number of plants per mu is 4000-5000 plants, and 2-4g of the spraying amount is averagely sprayed on each plant.
5. The method for efficiently removing the fruit branches and the leaf branches at the lower parts of the mechanically harvested cotton according to claim 4, wherein the spraying amount is 15 kg/mu, the number of plants per mu is 5000, and 3g of the spraying amount is averagely sprayed on each plant.
6. The method for efficiently removing the lower fruit branches and the leaf branches of the mechanically harvested cotton according to claim 1, wherein spraying is performed in the period of 8-10 fruit branches.
7. The method for efficiently removing the fruit branches and the leaf branches at the lower parts of the mechanically harvested cotton according to claim 1, wherein the spraying is performed in sunny and windless weather.
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001061344A (en) * | 1999-08-26 | 2001-03-13 | Gun Ei Chem Ind Co Ltd | Plant-vitalizing agent and crop-cultivating method using the plant-vitalizing agent |
| CN1306739A (en) * | 2000-01-30 | 2001-08-08 | 赵朋海 | High-yield cotton cultivating method of reserving proper amount of branches |
| CN101946603A (en) * | 2010-08-04 | 2011-01-19 | 山东鑫秋种业科技有限公司 | Technology for cultivating three-stem cotton |
| CN103477848A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-01 | 湖南农业大学 | Cultivation method for concentrated boll opening of cotton in cotton regions of South China |
| CN104663738A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2015-06-03 | 李长文 | Cotton plant pruning yield promoter |
| CN105613008A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-06-01 | 山东棉花研究中心 | Late-dense-simplified cotton cultivation method adopting chemical topping |
| CN208874890U (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2019-05-21 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of orchard intercropping cotton pruning machine |
-
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- 2021-03-15 CN CN202110274098.XA patent/CN113039956B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001061344A (en) * | 1999-08-26 | 2001-03-13 | Gun Ei Chem Ind Co Ltd | Plant-vitalizing agent and crop-cultivating method using the plant-vitalizing agent |
| CN1306739A (en) * | 2000-01-30 | 2001-08-08 | 赵朋海 | High-yield cotton cultivating method of reserving proper amount of branches |
| CN101946603A (en) * | 2010-08-04 | 2011-01-19 | 山东鑫秋种业科技有限公司 | Technology for cultivating three-stem cotton |
| CN103477848A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-01 | 湖南农业大学 | Cultivation method for concentrated boll opening of cotton in cotton regions of South China |
| CN104663738A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2015-06-03 | 李长文 | Cotton plant pruning yield promoter |
| CN105613008A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-06-01 | 山东棉花研究中心 | Late-dense-simplified cotton cultivation method adopting chemical topping |
| CN208874890U (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2019-05-21 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of orchard intercropping cotton pruning machine |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 叶德备: "棉花整枝", 棉花, no. 6, pages 9 - 11 * |
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