CN101946603A - Technology for cultivating three-stem cotton - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to technology for cultivating three-stem cotton. The technology is characterized by comprising the following steps: shooting growing points on the main stem of a cotton plant after 5 to 6 main leaves growing on the cotton plant are spread; and reshaping the cotton plant when three vegetative shoots over 5cm grow from the axil of the main leaves, removing other residual vegetative shoots, and keeping the three vegetative shoots with similar sizes to become three main stems, secondarily shooting tops of the three main stems and local conventionally cultured spring cotton which is subject to top shooting in the same term. The technology has the advantages of saving man power for management, increasing photosynthesis of the plant, improving the fiber quality, reducing amount of boll rot, increasing the amount of canicular boll, and improving the cotton yield.

Description

The cotton culture technique of three stems

Technical field

The present invention relates to the plant planting cultivation field, especially the cotton culture technique of three stems.

Background technology

Conventional Insect Resistant Cotton of the prior art is manually repaiied time-consuming, the effort of cotton training, and the Insect Resistant Cotton blade of conventional cultivation is intensive overlapping, and in the cotton plant, the mutual shading of lower blade is serious, influences photosynthesis, the easy early ageing of cotton, boll rot, bell are few, low yield, poor quality.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to utilize conventional Insect Resistant Cotton kind, take to keep first three vegetative shoot of cotton plant bottom, and cultivation becomes the method for three big stems, compare test with single stem cotton of conventional cultivation, strive for therefrom finding out both reducing and manually repair cotton training, can make the how culture technique of few, the high yield quality better of mashed bell of the steady long not early ageing of cotton, bell again.The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: with other spring sowing cotton variety sowing same period, every mu with 1.5 kilograms of dressing light seeds, use mechanical drilling, with sowing with overlay film, select the cotton new varieties of pest-resistant spring of plant type compactness for use, with the local spring cotton variety sowing same period, it is characterized in that beating cotton plant trunk diameter growth point to the open and flat back of 5-6 sheet true leaf in growth rate of cotton plant, grow three when surpassing 5 centimeters vegetative shoot at true leaf axil place, with the cotton plant finishing once, other unnecessary vegetative shoot removes, keep three close vegetative shoot and cultivations of size and become three big stems, no longer repair cotton training later on, the spring cotton of described three big stems and the local conventional cultivation heart of pinching carries out secondary beat each stem top heart the same period.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: 1, manage comparatively saving of labor, after destroying trunk diameter growth point seedling stage, can promote rapidly to prick under the root system, can enlarge cotton plant endotrophic backlog in a short time.After fruit branch occurs, the neat long shoot leaf of three stems, and accelerate longitudinal growth rapidly, but fruit branch extending transversely ability a little less than.According to investigations, cotton each 15000 hm of the final average length of fruit branch that handle of three stems ²Be 22.01 centimeters, 18000 hm ²Be 21.06 centimeters, 21000 hm ²Be 24.44 centimeters, 24000 hm ²Be 22.03 centimeters, and the fruit branch average length of contrast is 27.59 centimeters, grows the 3.15-6.53 centimetre, and cotton each the fruit branch average length difference between handling of three stems is little than the fruit branch average length of cotton each processing of three stems.Single stem according to another three stem cottons has fruit branch, has only 10.44-12.11, and comparison is according to 1.79-3.46 on the youthful and the elderly's fruit branch.Above-mentioned showing, three stem cottons nutrition supply under a foundation condition is comparatively limited, moisture and nutrient have preferentially satisfied the demand of growing longitudinally, formed and saved rare the morphological feature that short blade is little, thereby it is long to have suppressed superfluous blastogenesis, saved nutrient consumption, more nutrition have been focused on take high yield shelf and numerous cotton buds and bolls aspect.Hair ear, superfluous bud are born less, growth is slow, and fruit branch can more early stop overhanging, need not to repair cotton training except that the heart of pinching.2, can improve fiber quality, mainly come from three aspects: the one, flower rate height before the frost, unginned cotton is 95.48% before the frost of contrast, and the unginned cotton rate is respectively 96.35%, 97.13%, 97.07%, 96.87% before 15000,18000,21000 of cotton per hectares of three stems and 24000 s' the frost, all compare to shine between each is handled to exceed 0.87-1.65%.Gined cotton contrast is that cotton 15000 of the per hectares of 95.85%, three stem are 96.68%, 18000 and are 97.44%, 21000 to be 97.35%, 24000 be 97.16% before the frost, exceeds contrast 0.83-1.59% between processing.Two be on the cotton volt of the three stems peach soon, tie manyly.15000,18000,21000 of cotton per hectares of three stems and 24000 s' volt peach accounts for 86.02%, 93.83%, 85.19% and 85.52% respectively, and the volt peach of contrast only accounts for 69.87%, be lower than cotton each 15.3223.96% that handles of three stems, show that three stem cottons are occupying greater advantage aspect the formation main body output, thereby determined to improve the leading factor of fiber quality.The 3rd, mashed bell rate is low, bigger than normal at test line-spacing in 2009, mashed bell rate accounts for 20.36% under the poor slightly condition of contrast envelope row, and 15000,18000,21000 of cotton per hectare density of three stems and 24000 s' mashed bell rate is respectively 8.43%, 12.44%, 10.91%, 8.87%, the mashed bell rate of comparison photograph is low 7.92-11.93%.Analyze reason and mainly come from following two aspects: at first be that the cotton light transmission of three stems is strong, the blade hypertrophy of having avoided the conventional cultivation pattern to occur, branches and leaves dense arrangement, the heavy phenomenon of the following shading in cotton plant middle part.Next is the change of cultivation mode and reduced mashed bell chance, and three stems are accelerated growth rapidly after destroying the top heart seedling stage, makes the joint aspect ratio contrast of fruit branch beginning be better.According to investigations, the fruit branch beginning joint of contrast highly is 19.38 centimeters, and 15000 of cotton per hectare density of three stems, 18000,21000,24000 fruit branch beginning joint highly is respectively 25.33 centimeters, 25.95 centimetre, 25.27 the centimetre and 24.92 centimeters, comparison is according to high 5.54-6.57 centimetre, illustrate that the cotton boll inserted part is light more apart from the high more mashed bell in ground, the cultivation mode of the mashed bell problem of this solution is that the conventional cultivation pattern is incomparable, need not pluck flower bud early, do not remove the bottom fruit branch yet, not only lack recruitment but also rot bell less, can also increase high quality cotton and sell for the high-quality valency, the behave that real genus is achieved many things at one stroke.3, can improve output, unginned cotton contrast per hectare is 3437.25 kilograms before the frost, and 21000 of cotton per hectare density of three stems and 24000 s' the preceding unginned cotton of frost is respectively 3575.25 kilograms and 3624.75 kilograms.Comparison is according to 138.0 kilograms and 187.5 kilograms of volume increase respectively.Gined cotton contrast per hectare is 1499.55 kilograms before the frost, and gined cotton is respectively 1592.25 kilograms and 1607.55 kilograms before 21000 of cotton per hectare density of three stems and 24000 s' the frost, compares to shine and increases production 92.7 kilograms and 108.0 kilograms respectively.Handle output from each test, 15000＜18000＜21000＜24000 of the cotton per hectare density of three stems, the density of three stem cottons is high more within this trial stretch, amount of increase in production is big more, measure the relation that the result of leaf-area coefficient is proportionate on this and August 31, the leaf-area coefficient that the cotton per hectare density of three stems is 15000 is 1.63,18000 coefficient is 2.50,21000 coefficient is 2.85,24000 coefficient is 3.13, and the leaf-area coefficient of contrast is 2.72, on the occasion of seed cotton yield ranking of living in, shows that the raising of leaf-area coefficient is very big to yield effect.From fruit branch average give birth to the cotton boll aspect, contrast is 1.38,15000 of the cotton per hectare density of three stems are 1.14,18000 is 1.08,21000 is 1.05,24000 is 1.08, and three stem cottons in to enclose bell in the majority.From the leaf bell of cotton plant fruit branch recently, contrast has 2.05 fruit branch leaves and protects a cotton boll, 15000 of the cotton per hectare density of three stems have 2.50 fruit branch leaves and protect a cotton boll, 18000 2.56 fruit branch leaves are protected a cotton boll, 21000 2.48 fruit branch leaves are protected a cotton boll, 24000 2.63 fruit branch leaves are protected a cotton boll, thereby guaranteed that the cotton boll on each fruit branch has obtained the prescribing adequate nutrition supply, the average substance contrast of cotton boll is minimum, have only 4.80 grams, the cotton average single bell of three stems is heavy all greater than contrast, and secondly average single bell that the cotton per hectare density of three stems is 24000 5.47 grams that weigh are average single bell of 18000,5.0 grams that weigh.Show that this is relevant with source, storehouse harmonious relations.Except that above-mentioned analysis reason, also might change relevant with plant type, three stem cottons have comparatively reasonably canopy structure, three canes of a cotton, being rectangular plant type under the setting off of branches and leaves stands in the row, the gradient of each stem reduces along with the increasing of density, and the space size between three stems is dwindled with increase in density, the colony that shows three stem cottons is the self-regulating system of energy, and the arrangement interlaced with each other of the cotton blade of three stems, multilayer distributes, the light that the upper strata blade is missed, lower leave can be intercepted and captured utilization, reduce the light leak loss, transmitted light and reverberation are absorbed by blade repeatedly, strengthened utility rate of luminous energy greatly.This three stem cultivation modes make colony utilize the advantage of luminous energy can fully obtain performance, and accumulation of photosynthate become the key that Fu Tao goes up soon, ties manyly, the big ginning outturn of bell is high more.

Embodiment

The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, and embodiment establishes three repetitions, and the zone plantation waits 1.0 meters of line-spacings, long 10 meters of row, and the sub-district area is 0.003 hectare, three stem minuteness degree are handled and are: 15000 hm ², 18000hm ², 21000 hm ², 24000hm ², each is provided with 4 1.3 meters Kuan Qu roads between repeating, experimental field the various triplex row guard row in both sides; experimental field four meters long boundary belts are respectively planted at two ends, 43.2 meters of land used length overalls, and ground is wide 24 meters; take up an area of 0.1037 hectare of the gross area, all adopt the single file plastic mulching, kind is prosperous autumn of conventional Insect Resistant Cotton No. 1.Beat cotton plant trunk diameter growth point in growth rate of cotton plant to the open and flat back of 5-6 sheet true leaf, grow three when surpassing 5 centimeters vegetative shoot at true leaf axil place, with the cotton plant finishing once, other unnecessary vegetative shoot removes, keeping the close vegetative shoot of three sizes and cultivating becomes three big stems, and the spring cotton of three big stems and the local conventional cultivation heart of pinching carries out secondary beat each stem top heart the same period.Statistics: the seed cotton yield that cotton four density of three stems are handled, seed cotton yield and lint yield, pre-frost lint yield all improve with the increase of density before the frost, remove 15000 hm of three stem minuteness degree ²With 18000 hm ²Seed cotton yield is lower than outside the contrast, 24000 hm ²With 21000 hm ²Seed cotton yield, frost before seed cotton yield, lint yield, pre-frost lint yield all account for first and second, the cultivation mode of three stem cottons obviously is better than the conventional cultivation pattern.

Claims (1)

1. the cotton culture technique of three stems, it is characterized in that beating cotton plant trunk diameter growth point to the open and flat back of 5-6 sheet true leaf in growth rate of cotton plant, grow three when surpassing 5 centimeters vegetative shoot at true leaf axil place, with the cotton plant finishing once, other unnecessary vegetative shoot removes, keeping the close vegetative shoot of three sizes and cultivating becomes three big stems, and the spring cotton of described three big stems and the local conventional cultivation heart of pinching carries out secondary beat each stem top heart the same period.