CN113039956B - Method for efficiently removing fruit branches and leaf branches at lower part of mechanically-picked cotton - Google Patents
Method for efficiently removing fruit branches and leaf branches at lower part of mechanically-picked cotton Download PDFInfo
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- CN113039956B CN113039956B CN202110274098.XA CN202110274098A CN113039956B CN 113039956 B CN113039956 B CN 113039956B CN 202110274098 A CN202110274098 A CN 202110274098A CN 113039956 B CN113039956 B CN 113039956B
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- IAJOBQBIJHVGMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphoryl]butanoic acid Chemical compound CP(O)(=O)CCC(N)C(O)=O IAJOBQBIJHVGMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000005561 Glufosinate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000006286 nutrient intake Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000299507 Gossypium hirsutum Species 0.000 description 33
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 240000002024 Gossypium herbaceum Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000004341 Gossypium herbaceum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000009429 Gossypium barbadense Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000063464 Vitex agnus-castus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009347 chasteberry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000018322 upland cotton Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for efficiently removing fruit branches and leaf branches at the lower part of machine-picked cotton, which comprises the following steps: spraying chemical agent to the lower 4-6 fruit branches and leaf branches of the machine-picked cotton in the period of 8-14 fruit branches of the machine-picked cotton; wherein the selected chemical agent is compounded by glufosinate, urea and water, and the dosage ratio of the glufosinate, the urea and the water is (0.5-1.5) g:200g:1L. The method of the invention improves ventilation and light transmission at the lower part, reduces weed occurrence, reduces nutrient consumption, reduces rotten bolls, increases nitrogen supply, increases single boll weight, is beneficial to centralizing cotton into boll bolls, is convenient for unified coordination of later management and control, is beneficial to mechanical harvesting, and finally greatly reduces labor investment, increases seed cotton yield and has obvious cost saving and synergy compared with manual removal of lower fruit branches and leaf branches.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cotton light simplified cultivation, in particular to a method for efficiently removing fruit branches and leaf branches at the lower part of mechanically picked cotton.
Background
With the development of agricultural machinery equipment, variety updating and cultivation technology, cotton production mechanization and light simplification become main trends, and mechanically-picked cotton is also rising in upland cotton areas. Jiang Han plain is taken as an important production area of cotton areas at the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, key technology of mechanically picked cotton is mature, key technologies such as one-seeding full-seedling, unmanned aerial vehicle chemical control and the like are formed, and the method has a plurality of defects in aspects such as weed control and mechanical harvesting. In actual production, chemical weeding and artificial weeding are often combined, and in addition, the rainwater at the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river for 6-7 months is sufficient, cotton grows vigorously, concealment is easy to form, ventilation and light transmittance are poor, rotten rings are increased, nutrients are consumed by lower branches and leaves to affect yield, farmers habitually remove lower branches and leaves manually to improve concentrated boll bolls, manual or mechanical harvesting is facilitated, but the method is low in efficiency, inconvenient to operate and high in manpower consumption. Therefore, how to reduce artificial weeding as much as possible and improve the removing efficiency of the lower fruit branches and leaf branches becomes a key technical problem to be solved in the mechanical cotton picking process.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a method for efficiently removing the fruit branches and the leaf branches of the lower part of the machine-picked cotton, so as to solve the technical problems of low efficiency, inconvenient operation and high manpower consumption of the method for removing the fruit branches and the leaf branches of the lower part of the machine-picked cotton in the prior art.
The invention provides a method for efficiently removing fruit branches and leaf branches at the lower part of machine-picked cotton, which comprises the following steps: spraying chemical agent to the lower 4-6 fruit branches and leaf branches of the machine-picked cotton in the period of 8-14 fruit branches of the machine-picked cotton; wherein the selected chemical agent is compounded by glufosinate, urea and water, and the dosage ratio of the glufosinate, the urea and the water is (0.5-1.5) g:200g:1L.
Further, the mass ratio of the glufosinate-ammonium to the urea is (0.5-1): 200.
Further, the mass ratio of glufosinate-ammonium to urea is 1:200.
Further, the spraying amount is 10-20 kg/mu, the number of plants per mu is 4000-5000, and the average spraying amount of each plant is 2-4g.
Further, the spraying amount is 15 kg/mu, the number of plants per mu is 5000, and 3g of plants per mu are sprayed on average.
Further, spraying is carried out in the period of 8-10 fruit branches.
Further, the fine weather without wind is selected for spraying.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for efficiently removing the fruit branches and the leaf branches at the lower part of the machine-picked cotton, provided by the invention, reduces the occurrence of weeds, reduces nutrient consumption, reduces rotten rings, increases nitrogen supply, increases single bell weight, is beneficial to centralizing cotton into bolls and bolls, facilitates unified and coordinated later management and control, is beneficial to mechanical harvesting, and finally greatly reduces labor investment, increases seed cotton yield and has obvious cost saving and synergy compared with manual removal of the fruit branches and the leaf branches at the lower part.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the effect of chemical removal in test group 3;
fig. 2 is a photograph of the artificial removal effect in test group 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a method for efficiently removing fruit branches and leaf branches at the lower part of machine-picked cotton, which comprises the following steps: spraying chemical agent to the lower 4-6 fruit branches and leaf branches of the machine-picked cotton in the period of 8-14 fruit branches of the machine-picked cotton; wherein the selected chemical agent is compounded by glufosinate, urea and water, and the dosage ratio of the glufosinate, the urea and the water is (0.5-1.5) g:200g:1L.
According to the invention, by selecting the medicament compounded by glufosinate, urea and water according to a specific proportion, 4-6 fruit branches and leaf branches at the lower part of the machine-picked cotton can be better removed, and the reduction of the yield of the machine-picked cotton is avoided. If the mass ratio of the glufosinate-ammonium to the urea is too high, the upper fruit branches and the leaf branches die, and if the mass ratio of the glufosinate-ammonium to the urea is too low, the lower fruit branches and the leaf branches are incompletely removed. Meanwhile, the addition of urea can also supplement nitrogen element and promote plant production. Preferably, the mass ratio of glufosinate-ammonium to urea is (0.5-1) to 200, further 1 to 200. In the mass ratio range, the removing effect of the fruit branches and the leaf branches at the lower part of the mechanically-picked cotton is optimal, and the yield of the mechanically-picked cotton is highest. Preferably, chemical agent is sprayed on the lower 5 fruit branches and leaf branches of the machine-harvested cotton.
In the invention, the spraying amount is 10-20 kg/mu, preferably 15 kg/mu, the number of plants per mu is 4000-5000, preferably 5000, and the average spraying amount is 2-4g, preferably 3g.
The invention does not limit the specific spraying amount of each fruit branch and leaf branch of 4-6 fruit branches and leaf branches at the lower part of each machine-picked cotton, and the specific spraying amount of each fruit branch and leaf branch can be adjusted within a reasonable range by a person skilled in the art, and the specific spraying amount is as follows: too many branches and leaves are sprayed, and too few branches and leaves are sprayed.
In the actual spraying process, in order to improve the spraying efficiency and reduce the labor cost, a knapsack sprayer can be adopted to spray 4-6 fruit branches and leaf branches at the lower part between cotton planting rows during spraying.
In the invention, the spraying effect can be remarkably improved by controlling the spraying period to be 8-14 fruit branches. Preferably, spraying is carried out in the period of 8-10 fruit branches, if the spraying period is too early, the upper fruit branches and She Diao die, the spraying operation is inconvenient too late, and the spraying effect is poor.
In the invention, the spraying is preferably carried out in sunny windless weather so as to avoid apoptosis of fruit branches at the upper part of the adjacent cotton plants caused by chemical drift due to strong wind.
In the present invention, the lower 4-6 fruit branches and leaf branches refer to the lower 4-6 fruit branches, leaf branches and the parts below. In the actual operation process, the spraying height needs to be adjusted according to the individual difference of cotton plants so as to avoid the mistaking spraying of shorter cotton plants.
The following test group was a test conducted in 2019-2020 at cotton test base of the national institute of agricultural science, vitex (chinese farm valley).
Test group 1
Screening of chemical removal agents: mechanical sowing is carried out in 2019 in 5 months 23, the variety is middle 619, and the area is 1 mu. Chemical agents are sprayed on lower 5 layers of fruit branches and leaf branches in the period of 8-10 fruit branches (7 months and 25 days), 45 plants are sprayed on each agent, the spraying amount of each plant is 3g, the removing effect of the lower fruit branches and leaf branches and the bell forming condition of the single plant are observed, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 removal effect of different agents on lower fruit branches and leaf branches and Single plant boll formation and boll weight conditions
Test group 2
Optimization of chemical removal period: mechanical direct seeding is carried out in the year 2020 and 5 months 24 days, the variety is middle 619, and the area is 1 mu. Chemical was sprayed on the lower 5 fruit branches and leaf branches in the period of 4-6 fruit branches (7 months and 14 days), 8-10 fruit branches (7 months and 25 days) and 12-14 fruit branches (8 months and 7 days), and the lower fruit branches and leaf branches were observed for removing effect and single plant bell formation, and the results are shown in Table 2. Wherein the chemical agent is prepared from glufosinate, urea and water according to the weight ratio of 1g:200g:1L of the components are compounded in proportion; 684 plants are sprayed with each medicament treatment, and the spraying amount of each plant is 3g.
TABLE 2 removal effect on lower fruit branches, leaf branches at different periods and individual plant ringing conditions
As can be seen from Table 2, under the same conditions, the compound chemical is sprayed on the lower 4-6 fruit branches and leaf branches of the machine-harvested cotton in the period of 8-10 fruit branches, the removing effect of the lower fruit branches and leaf branches is optimal, the number of the single plant bells is the maximum, and the yield is the highest.
It should be noted that, due to the influence of factors such as climate among different years, even if the same spraying condition is adopted, the yield characteristics of the machine-harvested cotton of different years can be greatly different.
Test group 3
Mechanical direct seeding is carried out in the year of 5 months and 24 days in 2020, the variety is middle 619, the area is 20 mu, and 5000 plants are planted in each mu. The lower 5 fruit branches and leaf branches were removed during the period of 8-10 fruit branches (day of 7 months and 25 days) by chemical removal and manual removal, and the lower fruit branch and leaf branch removal effect and the individual plant bell formation condition were observed, and the results are shown in tables 3-4 and fig. 1-2. Wherein, each 10 mu is removed chemically and manually.
Chemical removal: the chemical agent is sprayed to the lower 5 fruit branches and leaf branches by a knapsack sprayer (1 barrel of 15kg agent) in the period of 8-10 fruit branches (7 months and 25 days). Wherein, the chemical removing agent is prepared from glufosinate, urea and water according to the weight ratio of 1g:200g:1L of the components are compounded in proportion; the spraying amount per mu is 15kg.
And (3) manual removal: and 8-10 fruit branches (7 months and 25 days) are manually removed from the lower 5 fruit branches and leaf branches.
TABLE 3 chemical removal versus artificial removal yield traits and yield comparisons
TABLE 4 efficiency of chemical removal versus manual removal of lower fruit and leaf branches
As can be seen from Table 3, the average number of single plant bolls, acre number of grown bolls and the number of seed coats which are removed chemically are slightly lower than those of the manual removal, but the weight of single bolls which are removed chemically is higher than that of the manual removal, and finally the actual seed cotton and ginned cotton yields of the chemical removal and the chemical removal are basically equivalent.
As can be seen from Table 4, the manual removal is carried out for 2-3 mu per day with a removal efficiency of 0.25-0.38 mu/man hour, the chemical removal is carried out for 14-16 mu per day with a removal efficiency of 1.78-2.00 mu/man hour, and the chemical removal efficiency is 4.7-8 times that of the manual removal efficiency, so that the removal efficiency is greatly improved, and the labor cost is also reduced. While at the same time. As is evident from a comparison of fig. 1 and 2, the lower 5 fruit branches and leaf branches completely apoptosis after the chemical agent is sprayed.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for efficiently removing the fruit branches and the leaf branches at the lower part of the machine-picked cotton is characterized by comprising the following steps: spraying chemical agent to the lower 4-6 fruit branches and leaf branches of the machine-picked cotton in the period of 8-14 fruit branches of the machine-picked cotton; wherein the selected chemical agent is compounded by glufosinate, urea and water, and the dosage ratio of the glufosinate, the urea and the water is (0.5-1.5) g:200g:1L; the lower 4-6 fruit branches and leaf branches refer to the lower 4-6 fruit branches and leaf branches and the parts below.
2. The method for efficiently removing fruit branches and leaf branches at the lower part of machine-extracted cotton according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the glufosinate-ammonium to the urea is (0.5-1) 200.
3. The method for efficiently removing fruit branches and leaf branches at the lower part of machine-harvested cotton according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the glufosinate-ammonium to the urea is 1:200.
4. The method for efficiently removing fruit branches and leaf branches at the lower part of machine-picked cotton according to claim 1, wherein the spraying amount is 10-20 kg/mu, the number of plants per mu is 4000-5000, and the average spraying amount is 2-4g per plant.
5. The method for efficiently removing fruit branches and leaf branches on the lower portion of machine-harvested cotton as claimed in claim 4, wherein the spraying amount is 15 kg/mu, the number of plants per mu is 5000, and 3g of plants per mu is sprayed on the average.
6. The method for efficiently removing fruit branches and leaf branches from the lower part of machine-extracted cotton according to claim 1, wherein the spraying is performed in a period of 8-10 fruit branches.
7. The method for efficiently removing fruit branches and leaf branches on the lower part of machine-harvested cotton according to claim 1, wherein the spraying is performed in sunny and windless weather.
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001061344A (en) * | 1999-08-26 | 2001-03-13 | Gun Ei Chem Ind Co Ltd | Plant-vitalizing agent and crop-cultivating method using the plant-vitalizing agent |
| CN1306739A (en) * | 2000-01-30 | 2001-08-08 | 赵朋海 | High-yield cotton cultivating method of reserving proper amount of branches |
| CN101946603A (en) * | 2010-08-04 | 2011-01-19 | 山东鑫秋种业科技有限公司 | Technology for cultivating three-stem cotton |
| CN103477848A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-01 | 湖南农业大学 | Cultivation method for concentrated boll opening of cotton in cotton regions of South China |
| CN104663738A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2015-06-03 | 李长文 | Cotton plant pruning yield promoter |
| CN105613008A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-06-01 | 山东棉花研究中心 | Late-dense-simplified cotton cultivation method adopting chemical topping |
| CN208874890U (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2019-05-21 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of orchard intercropping cotton pruning machine |
-
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- 2021-03-15 CN CN202110274098.XA patent/CN113039956B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001061344A (en) * | 1999-08-26 | 2001-03-13 | Gun Ei Chem Ind Co Ltd | Plant-vitalizing agent and crop-cultivating method using the plant-vitalizing agent |
| CN1306739A (en) * | 2000-01-30 | 2001-08-08 | 赵朋海 | High-yield cotton cultivating method of reserving proper amount of branches |
| CN101946603A (en) * | 2010-08-04 | 2011-01-19 | 山东鑫秋种业科技有限公司 | Technology for cultivating three-stem cotton |
| CN103477848A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-01 | 湖南农业大学 | Cultivation method for concentrated boll opening of cotton in cotton regions of South China |
| CN104663738A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2015-06-03 | 李长文 | Cotton plant pruning yield promoter |
| CN105613008A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-06-01 | 山东棉花研究中心 | Late-dense-simplified cotton cultivation method adopting chemical topping |
| CN208874890U (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2019-05-21 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of orchard intercropping cotton pruning machine |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 棉花整枝;叶德备;棉花(第6期);第9-11页 * |
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