CN112574498B - 乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂组合物及其膜和多层结构 - Google Patents
乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂组合物及其膜和多层结构 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明关于一种乙烯‑乙烯醇共聚物树脂组合物及其膜和多层结构,其包括一种或多种含氟粒子。该乙烯‑乙烯醇共聚物树脂组合物及其颗粒可具有的硼含量可为10至450ppm。由该EVOH形成的EVOH膜的沙丕冲击强度根据ISO 179‑1在23℃下可为至少2.5KJ/m2,并且该膜的断裂伸长度依据ISO 527‑2在23℃下可为至少18.2%。
Description
交叉引用相关申请:本申请的申请专利范围主张2019年12月30日提交的美国专利申请第16/729,984号的优先权,该案专利名称为“乙烯-乙烯醇颗粒及其膜”,并且本申请为该案的部分延续,其全部内容通过引用合并于此。
技术领域
本发明关于一种乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(ethylene-vinyl alcohol,EVOH)树脂组合物及其颗粒。该乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂组合物具有粒子,特别是含氟粒子。该EVOH树脂组合物可具有10至450ppm的硼含量。本发明还揭示一种由乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂组合物及/或颗粒形成的膜和多层结构。
背景技术
EVOH树脂广泛应用于积层板,用于保存易腐物品。例如,EVOH树脂和积层板通常用于食品包装工业、医疗设备和耗材工业、制药工业、电子工业和农业化学品工业。EVOH树脂通常用于加入积层板中作为一独特层,以用作氧气阻隔层。
膜厚均匀性差是EVOH膜的普遍问题,这可能降低EVOH膜的阻气性和机械性质。此外,典型EVOH膜的可挠性和机械性质不足以用于更广泛的EVOH膜应用和实际使用。这些问题尚无法借由习知技术充分处理或解决。
因此,对于可提供较佳薄膜可挠性、机械性质及膜厚均匀性的EVOH树脂有持续性的需求。
发明内容
本发明关于一种乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)树脂组合物,其具有粒子,特别含氟粒子。该EVOH树脂组合物可呈颗粒、膜、纤维等形式。该EVOH树脂组合物可用于制备膜或多层结构。由于EVOH与氟化聚合物具有不互溶性,避免将其结合是一般常识。例如,可预期EVOH和氟化聚合物的不互溶性对于由其形成的膜的外观和机械性质会造成负面影响。
尽管因不互溶性所引起的问题,传统上已避免将EVOH与氟化聚合物(又称“氟聚合物”)结合,但本发明发现使用氟聚合物制备EVOH树脂组合物,氟聚合物部分互溶的性质可改善材料析出于模头并减少螺杆黏结的问题。此外,发明人发现,本发明的EVOH树脂组合物可改善由其形成的膜和多层结构的可挠性并增强其机械性质。具体而言,发明人认识到,通过使用具有含氟粒子的EVOH树脂组合物,可获得具有改善的强度(例如,借由沙丕冲击试验测量)和改善的可挠性(例如,借由断裂伸长度测量)的EVOH膜。
在本发明的其他方面,提供一种EVOH树脂组合物(或其颗粒),其具有含氟粒子,及10至450ppm的硼含量。在一些情况下,典型的EVOH树脂组合物可包含一乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物;一种或多种含氟粒子;及一硼化合物,其中该乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂组合物具有10至450ppm的硼含量。不限于任何特定理论,据信在具有含氟粒子的EVOH树脂组合物中添加硼化合物,使EVOH树脂组合物的硼含量为10至450ppm,可在通过螺杆式挤出机挤出的过程中减少或消除EVOH树脂组合物的黏着。意外发现,一定范围的硼含量可进一步改善膜厚均匀性及可挠性。在一些情况下,这样的EVOH树脂组合物可在挤出过程中借由除去或至少部分除去先前黏附在螺杆式挤出机内表面上的EVOH树脂,以清洁螺杆式挤出机。
所述的EVOH树脂组合物还可包含一或多种/个包括一氟化聚合物的含氟粒子。每一该含氟粒子的较佳粒度为直径或主轴长度不大于20μm。在一些情况下,每一该含氟粒子的粒度为直径或主轴长度介于0.5至约19μm。基于碳、氧及氟元素的总重量,所述的含氟粒子可包含约1.5至约48wt%的氟。意外发现,在一定范围内的粒子尺寸可进一步改善膜外观和模头析出。
在非限制性实例中,该EVOH树脂组合物具有至少两个熔点温度,易言之,至少具有一第一熔点温度及一第二熔点温度,该第一熔点温度可为约100℃至约140℃或105℃至135℃,该第二熔点温度可为约150℃至约195℃或158℃至190℃。
此外/或者,该EVOH树脂组合物的该乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物可具有99.5mole%或更高的皂化度。该乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物可具有约20至约50mole%的乙烯含量。例如,该乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物的乙烯含量可为约25至约45mole%。在一些实施例中,该EVOH树脂组合物不含聚环氧烷。
该EVOH树脂组合物的该含氟粒子较佳可具有约0.5至约19μm的粒度。例如,该含氟粒子的粒度可为约1.2至约16μm。
根据至少一实施例,该EVOH树脂组合物包括:一乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物,该乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物具有一乙烯含量及一皂化度,其中,该乙烯含量为约20至约50mole%,该皂化度为99.5mole%或更高;至少两个熔点温度,包含一第一熔点温度及一第二熔点温度,该第一熔点温度为约100℃至约140℃,该第二熔点温度为约150℃至约195℃;分散在该EVOH树脂组合物中的含氟粒子;及一硼含量,该硼含量为10至450ppm。
由所述的EVOH树脂组合物形成的膜通常具有至少2.5KJ/m2的沙丕冲击强度(例如,根据ISO 179-1在23℃下)和至少18.2%的断裂伸长度(依据ISO 527-2在23℃下)。该膜的沙丕冲击强度较佳为至少2.6KJ/m2。在一些情况下,该膜的断裂伸长度至少为20%。出乎意料地,具有本文所述含氟粒子的EVOH树脂组合物有利地改善由此种EVOH树脂组合物颗粒形成的膜的强度和可挠性。
附图说明
现就参考附图仅以举例的方式描述本发明技术的实施,其中:
图1为本发明示例性EVOH树脂组合物的横截面图;
图2为本发明示例性EVOH树脂组合物的两个熔点温度的图;
图3为本发明EVOH树脂组合物熔融流过挤出机的横截面图。
附图标记说明:
100:EVOH树脂组合物
110:含氟粒子
120:涂层
应当理解,本发明的各方面不限于附图所示的配置、手段及特性。
具体实施方式
下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的,仅用于解释本发明,而不能解释为对本发明的限制。
本发明关于一种乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)树脂组合物。该EVOH树脂组合物具有粒子分散于其中,特别是含氟粒子。该EVOH树脂组合物可用于制备膜或多层结构。
一方面,本发明提供一种EVOH树脂组合物。该EVOH树脂组合物可呈颗粒、膜、纤维等形式。本文所述的EVOH颗粒指EVOH树脂组合物经过造粒而形成一或多个颗粒的形式及/或形状。尽管在本发明全文中描述经过造粒而形成一或多个EVOH颗粒形式的EVOH树脂组合物,但该EVOH树脂组合物可被加工成珠粒、立方体、碎片、刨花等形式。本发明EVOH树脂组合物通常包含一乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物及至少一含氟粒子,该含氟粒子的粒度不大于20μm。
图1描绘本发明的示例性EVOH树脂组合物100的横截面。该EVOH树脂组合物100由一EVOH形成,该EVOH具有一乙烯含量。例如,该EVOH的该乙烯含量可为约20至约50mole%、约25至约45mole%、约28至约42mole%或约30至约40mole%。该EVOH树脂组合物100可由具有不同乙烯含量的两种或更多种EVOH形成。例如,其中一种EVOH的乙烯含量可介于约20至约35mole%的范围内,例如约24至约35mole%、约28至约35mole%、约20至约32mole%、约24至约32mole%、约28至约32mole%、约20至约30mole%或约24至约30mole%。此外/或者,其中一种EVOH的乙烯含量可介于约36至约50mole%的范围内,例如约40至约50mole%、约44至约50mole%、约36至约45mole%或约40至约45mole%。然而,在一些较佳实施例中,该EVOH树脂组合物100由乙烯含量为约20至约50mole%的单一EVOH形成。
所述的EVOH树脂组合物100的氟含量与掺入的一种或多种氟化聚合物(在本文中又称“氟聚合物”)有关,该氟化聚合物可形成分散在该EVOH树脂组合物100中的含氟粒子110。例如,所述的一种或多种氟聚合物可包括或选自聚二氟亚乙烯(polyvinylidenefluoride,PVDF)、聚四氟乙烯(polytetrafluoroethylene)、聚六氟丙烯(polyhexafluoropropylene)、聚氯三氟乙烯(polychlorotrifluoroethylene,PCTFE)、2-氯五氟丙烯(2-chloropentafluoropropene)、二氯二氟乙烯(dichlorodifluoroethylene)、1,1-二氯氟乙烯(1,1-dichlorofluoroethylene)及其组合。此外/或者,该氟聚合物可包括衍生自二氟亚乙烯(vinylidene fluoride,VDF)、六氟丙烯(hexafluoropropylene,HFP)及四氟乙烯(tetrafluoroethylene,TFE)中至少一种的共聚物。在一些实施例中,该氟聚合物可包括衍生自VDF、HFP及TFE中的两种或更多种的共聚物。例如,该EVOH树脂组合物100可包括衍生自VDF和HFP的共聚物、衍生自TFE和HFP的共聚物、衍生自VDF和TFE的共聚物及/或衍生自VDF、HFP和TFE的共聚物。尽管不受任何特定理论所限制,发明人相信该氟聚合物可借由缩小结晶尺寸以使该EVOH树脂组合物100的至少一个熔点降低,从而降低加工过程中所需能量。
基于该含氟粒子110的碳、氧和氟元素的总重量,该含氟粒子110可具有约1.5至约48wt%的氟。在其他实施例中,基于该含氟粒子110的碳、氧和氟元素的总重量,该含氟粒子110可具有约1.5至47wt%的氟、约1.8至约44wt%的氟或约2.1至约41wt%的氟。
该EVOH树脂组合物100的该含氟粒子110可为微粒型态,根据国际纯化学和应用化学联合会(IUPAC)对于微粒的定义为10-7-10-4公尺,在本发明中该粒子可具有的粒度为直径或跨越横截面积的主轴长度为0.3至约19μm、0.3至约18μm、0.5至约19μm、1.0至约19μm、或较佳为1.2至约16μm。该含氟粒子的尺寸可借由调控氟聚合物的类型或种类、氟聚合物的量和EVOH的乙烯含量来控制。该含氟粒子若为球形,以其横截面的直径决定该含氟粒子是否具有期望的粒度。在该含氟粒子不是球形及/或该含氟粒子的横截面形状不是圆形(例如呈椭圆形或团块状)的情况下,则以该含氟粒子的横截面的主轴长度决定该含氟粒子是否具有期望的粒度。主轴的定义为具有最大长度的轴。在一些实施例中,在该EVOH树脂组合物100的横截面上评估的所有该含氟粒子110的粒度皆不大于20μm,例如不大于19μm、不大于18μm、不大于16μm、不大于14μm或不大于12μm。换言之,在一些实施例中,并无该含氟粒子110的粒度为大于20μm,例如大于19μm、大于18μm、大于16μm、大于14μm或大于12μm。该含氟粒子110的粒度可为0.1μm或以上、0.3μm或以上、0.5μm或以上或0.7μm或以上。例如,该EVOH树脂组合物100可具有粒度为1.0至约19μm或1.2至约16μm的该含氟粒子110。在一些实施例中,在该EVOH树脂组合物100的横截面上评估的所有该含氟粒子110皆介于本文所述的期望粒度范围内。然而,在一些实施例中,在该EVOH树脂组合物100的横截面上评估的大多数该含氟粒子110介于期望的粒度范围内。影响粒度是否在期望范围内的示例性因素可包括:(a)氟聚合物的量、(b)EVOH的乙烯含量、(c)氟聚合物的类型、(d)挤出机中的温度及(e)螺杆的转动频率。
如图2所示,该EVOH树脂组合物100可具有至少两个熔点温度。在一些实施例中,该EVOH树脂组合物100的其中一个熔点温度(例如,一第一熔点温度)为约100℃至约140℃,例如约105℃至约135℃、约110℃至约135℃或约120℃至约130℃,其中该第一熔点温度是对应于氟聚合物的熔点温度。此外/或者,其中一个熔点温度(例如,一第二熔点温度)可为约150℃至约195℃,例如约158℃至约190℃或约164℃至约187℃,其中该第二熔点温度是对应于EVOH的熔点温度,不同EVOH的乙烯含量具有不同的熔点温度。在一些实施例中,该EVOH树脂组合物100具有至少三个不同的熔点温度。在其他实施例中,该EVOH树脂组合物100具有至少四个、至少五个或至少六个不同的熔点温度。此外/或者,该EVOH树脂组合物100的皂化度可为90mole%或更高,较佳为95mole%或更高,较佳为97mole%或更高,较佳为99.5mole%或更高。
所述的EVOH树脂组合物100可不含或实质上不含聚环氧烷。例如,该EVOH树脂组合物100可具有少于5wt%的聚环氧烷,例如少于4wt%、少于3wt%、少于2wt%、少于1wt%或少于0.5wt%。
所述的EVOH树脂组合物100有利于更有效率地制备由其形成的EVOH膜。例如,该EVOH树脂组合物100可改善制造EVOH膜过程中模头析出及减少螺杆黏结的问题。制备EVOH膜的适当方法和设备可包括本领域一般技术人员所容易理解的方法和设备。发明人相信,通过使用部分互溶(且部分不互溶)的氟聚合物并制备含有含氟粒子110的EVOH树脂组合物100,一部分该氟聚合物会在挤出机的内表面分离并形成涂层120。图3所示为描绘本发明EVOH颗粒的一部分氟聚合物在挤出机的内表面形成涂层120。此外,由于涂覆在挤出机内壁上的氟化聚合物层能够保护流经挤出机的EVOH树脂,因此该EVOH颗粒有利于在升高温度下进行挤出程序而不会使所产生的EVOH膜变色。
通过添加氟聚合物,可在螺杆加工中帮助EVOH树脂组合物。尤其,氟聚合物附着于螺杆式挤出机的内壁,降低了EVOH树脂组合物通过螺杆式挤出机的流动阻力,从而减少模头上的析出。
典型的EVOH树脂组合物可包含一乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物和一种或多种含氟粒子,其中所述乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂组合物在20s-1的剪切速率和190℃的温度下具有1.7至7.0MPa的融体压力。所述EVOH树脂组合物的融体压力在20s-1的剪切速率和190℃的温度下可介于1.7至7.0MPa、1.7至约6.8MPa、1.7至约6.5MPa、1.7至约6.2MPa、1.7至约5.9MPa、1.7至约5.6MPa、约2至约6.8MPa、约2至约6.5MPa、约2至约6.2MPa、约2至约5.9MPa、约2至约5.6MPa、约2.3至约6.8MPa、约2.3至约6.5MPa、约2.3至约6.2MPa、约2.3至约5.9MPa、约2.3至约5.6MPa、约2.6至约6.8MPa、约2.6至约6.5MPa、约2.6至约6.2MPa、约2.6至约5.9MPa、约2.6至约5.6MPa、约2.9至约6.8MPa、约2.9至约6.5MPa、约2.9至约6.2MPa、约2.9至约5.9MPa、约2.9至约5.6MPa、约3.2至约6.8MPa、约3.2至约6.5MPa、约3.2至约6.2MPa、约3.2至约5.9MPa、约3.2至约5.6MPa、约3.5至约6.8MPa、约3.5至约6.5MPa、约3.5至约6.2MPa、约3.5至约5.9MPa、约3.5至约5.6MPa、约3.9至约6.8MPa、约3.9至约6.5MPa、约3.9至约6.2MPa、约3.9至约5.9MPa、约3.9至约5.6MPa、约4.2至约6.8MPa、约4.2至约6.5MPa、约4.2至约6.2MPa、约4.2至约5.9MPa或约4.2至约5.6MPa的范围内。在某些情况下,除了融体压力为1.7至7.0MPa之外,该EVOH树脂组合物还可包含硼化合物及/或硼酸及/或肉桂酸及/或碱金属及/或共轭多烯及/或润滑剂及/或碱土金属。上述物质可赋予EVOH树脂组合物更好的性质。
该EVOH树脂组合物在20s-1的剪切速率和190℃的温度下可具有约0.04至约2.4kN的熔融力。例如,在20s-1的剪切速率和190℃的温度下的熔融力可为约0.04至约2.4kN、约0.04至约2.0kN、约0.04至约1.7kN、约0.04至约1.4kN、约0.04至约1.1kN、约0.04至约1.0kN、约0.04至约0.8kN、约0.06至约2.4kN、约0.06至约2.0kN、约0.06至约1.7kN、约0.06至约1.4kN、约0.06至约1.1kN、约0.06至约1.0kN、约0.06至约0.8kN、约0.08至约2.4kN、约0.08至约2.0kN、约0.08至约1.7kN、约0.08至约1.4kN、约0.08至约1.1kN、约0.08至约1.0kN、约0.1至约2.4kN、约0.1至约2.0kN、约0.1至约1.7kN、约0.1至约1.4kN、约0.1至约1.1kN。
本发明一方面提供一种EVOH树脂组合物,其具有含氟粒子和10至450ppm的硼含量。不限于任何特定理论,相信在具有含氟粒子的EVOH树脂组合物中添加硼化合物,使EVOH的硼含量为10至450ppm,在通过螺杆式挤出机的挤出过程中减少或消除了EVOH树脂组合物的黏附,并进一步改善膜厚度的均匀性和可挠性。在某些情况下,这样的EVOH树脂组合物可在挤出过程中,通过除去或至少部分除去先前黏附在螺杆式挤出机内表面上的EVOH树脂来清洁螺杆式挤出机。
典型的EVOH树脂组合物可包含一乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物;一或多种/个含氟粒子;及一硼化合物,其中该乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂组合物的硼含量为10至450ppm。在一些情况下,该EVOH树脂组合物的硼含量基于该EVOH树脂组合物的总重量可为10至450ppm、10至约400ppm、10至约350ppm、10至约300ppm、10至约275ppm、10至约250ppm、10至约225ppm、10至约200ppm、10至约175ppm、约20至450ppm、约20至约400ppm、约20至约350ppm、约20至约300ppm、约20至约275ppm、约20至约250ppm、约20至约225ppm、约20至约200ppm、约20至约175ppm、约60至450ppm、约60至约400ppm、约60至约350ppm、约60至约300ppm、约60至约275ppm、约60至约250ppm、约60至约225ppm、约60至约200ppm、约60至约175ppm、约100至450ppm、约100至约400ppm、约100至约350ppm、约100至约300ppm、约100至约275ppm、约100至约250ppm、约100至约225ppm、约100至约200ppm、约100至约175ppm、约140至450ppm、约140至约400ppm、约140至约350ppm、约140至约300ppm、约140至约275ppm、约140至约250ppm、约140至约225ppm、约140至约200ppm、约180至约450ppm、约180至约400ppm、约180至约350ppm、约180至约300ppm、约180至约275ppm、约180至约250ppm、约180至约225ppm、约220至450ppm、约220至约400ppm、约220至约350ppm、约220至约300ppm、约220至约275ppm。当EVOH树脂组合物的硼含量在一定范围内时,可增加EVOH树脂组合物的黏度并减少EVOH树脂组合物黏附在螺杆上的机会,或除去螺杆上的EVOH,从而使材料具有自洁功能,可进一步改善膜厚均匀性。发明人意外发现,只要包含含氟粒子110的本发明EVOH树脂组合物100具有在期望范围内的硼含量,即可改善加工性、机械性质和膜厚均匀性。在某些情况下,除了硼含量为10至450ppm外,该EVOH树脂组合物还可包含肉桂酸、碱金属、共轭多烯、润滑剂、碱土金属、其盐及/或其混合物。上述物质是通常存在于EVOH树脂组合物中的常见物质,使其有更好的性质。上述具有共轭多烯结构化合物的含量,在每单位重量的EVOH树脂组成物中为1-30000ppm的话,可进一步抑制加热后的着色,热稳定性更优异。而上述具有碱金属化合物或碱土金属化合物,若每单位重量的EVOH树脂组成物中该的含量以金属换算计为1-1000ppm的话,则能成为长时运转成形性更优异者。另上述滑剂,若每单位重量的EVOH树脂组成物中该之含量为1-300ppm的话,则能成为加工性更为优异者。
本发明一方面,在氟聚合物的存在下,将硼含量控制在特定范围内。如此,除了改善EVOH的可挠性和加工特性之外,还可进一步改善成品的外观特性。
在某些情况下,所述硼化合物可包括硼酸或其金属盐。金属盐的实例包括但不限于硼酸钙、硼酸钴、硼酸锌(例如四硼酸锌、偏硼酸锌)、硼酸铝钾、硼酸铵(例如偏硼酸铵、四硼酸铵、五硼酸铵、八硼酸铵)、硼酸镉(例如正硼酸镉、四硼酸镉)、硼酸钾(例如偏硼酸钾、四硼酸钾、五硼酸钾、六硼酸钾、八硼酸钾)、硼酸银(例如偏硼酸银、四硼酸银)、硼酸铜(例如硼酸铜(II)、偏硼酸铜、四硼酸铜)、硼酸钠(例如偏硼酸钠、二硼酸钠、四硼酸钠、五硼酸钠、六硼酸钠、八硼酸钠)、硼酸铅(例如偏硼酸铅、六硼酸铅)、硼酸镍(例如正硼酸镍、二硼酸镍、四硼酸镍、八硼酸镍)、硼酸钡(例如正硼酸钡、偏硼酸钡、二硼酸钡、四硼酸钡)、硼酸铋、硼酸镁(例如正硼酸镁、二硼酸镁、偏硼酸镁、四硼酸三镁、四硼酸五镁)、硼酸锰(例如硼酸锰(I)、偏硼酸锰、四硼酸锰)、硼酸锂(例如偏硼酸锂、四硼酸锂、五硼酸锂)、其盐或其组合。可包括硼酸盐矿物,例如硼砂、钾盐镁矾、板硼石、粒镁硼石、硼镁石/遂安石(suanite)和硼镁石(szaibelyite)。其中,较佳使用硼砂、硼酸和硼酸钠(例如偏硼酸钠、二硼酸钠、四硼酸钠、五硼酸钠、六硼酸钠和八硼酸钠)。
另一方面,本发明提供一种由EVOH树脂组合物100形成的EVOH膜。该EVOH膜的沙丕冲击强度根据ISO 179-1在23℃下至少为2.3KJ/m2,而该EVOH膜的断裂伸长度根据ISO527-2在23℃下为至少17.8%。对于一些实施例,该EVOH膜的沙丕冲击强度根据ISO 179-1在23℃下可为至少2.5KJ/m2、至少3KJ/m2、至少4.5KJ/m2、至少5.5KJ/m2或至少6.5KJ/m2。为获得上述沙丕冲击强度值,在使用ISO 179-1方法进行测试之前,应将试样放置在50%±5%的相对湿度、23℃±2℃的温度之下16小时。此外,冲击能量应设为7.5J,冲击方向应为沿边方向,试样类型应为1eA,试样的平均宽度应为10.06mm,试样的平均厚度应为3.94mm。测试缺口的深度应为8.09mm,测试温度应为23℃±2℃,断裂类型应为C。该EVOH膜的断裂伸长度根据ISO 527-2在23℃下可为至少18%。在一些实施例中,该EVOH膜的断裂伸长度根据ISO 527-2在23℃下为至少20%、至少21%、至少22%、至少23%或至少24%。为获得上述断裂伸长度值,应使用2012版本的测试方法,测试速度为50mm/min,样品类型应为1A,样品的平均厚度应为3.99mm。
又另一方面,本发明提供一种多层结构,其具有至少一由本发明EVOH树脂组合物形成的层;至少一聚合物层;及至少一黏合剂层(adhesive layer)。该聚合物层可选自低密度聚乙烯层、聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐层、聚丙烯层、尼龙层及其组合。该黏合剂层可为黏结层(tie layer),例如ARKEMA公司的ARKEMA OREVAC 18729。
实施例
提供以下本发明各方面的非限制性实施例主要是为了阐明本发明的各方面及其所达到的效益。
实施例1
根据本发明制备四种氟聚合物(实施例氟聚合物A-D)。随后使用实施例氟聚合物A-D制备本发明乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(以下称“EVOH”)树脂组合物。尽管根据以下揭示的具体方法制备实施例氟聚合物A-D,然而可使用其他类型的氟聚合物添加于EVOH。
实施例氟聚合物A
使用高压釜作为批次反应器来制备实施例氟聚合物A。高压釜的内部容积为约20L,并装有电磁感应搅拌器。向高压釜中充分充入氮气(N2),然后充入减压氮气五次。
使高压釜内减压的同时,将6,960g脱氧纯水、3,204g的1,1,2-三氯-1,2,2-三氟乙烷及3.5g甲基纤维素放入高压釜。甲基纤维素的黏度为50cp,以450rpm拌入高压釜内的组合物中作为悬浮安定剂。将高压釜内的组合物置于52℃。
将由25.3wt%二氟亚乙烯(VDF)、68.6wt%六氟丙烯(HFP)及6.1wt%四氟乙烯(TFE)组成的单体混入该批次中作为填充气体,并填充至10kg/cm2。随后,加入45.6g含有约90wt%的1,1,2-三氯-1,2,2-三氟乙烷及10wt%过氧二碳酸二异丙酯的溶液作为催化剂以引发聚合反应。过氧二碳酸二异丙酯用作引发聚合反应的起始剂。由于在聚合反应过程中压力会降低,故添加具有44.7wt%的VDF、32.5wt%的HFP及22.8wt%的TFE的混合单体以将压力提升至10kg/cm2。聚合反应完成后,清除剩余的混合单体,并使用离心分离机将所得到的悬浮液脱水,以去离子水洗涤,然后在100℃下真空干燥,获得约7.5kg的实施例氟聚合物A。
实施例氟聚合物B
使用类似的高压釜制备实施例氟聚合物B,并按照与制备实施例氟聚合物A相同的方式进行设置。高压釜同样以减压氮气重复充填五次。
使高压釜内减压的同时,将7,200g脱氧纯水、3,250g的1,1,2-三氯-1,2,2-三氟乙烷及4g甲基纤维素放入高压釜。甲基纤维素的黏度为50cp,以500rpm拌入高压釜内的批次中作为悬浮安定剂。将高压釜内的批次置于52℃。
使用由25wt%的VDF、55wt%的HFP及20wt%TFE组成的单体作为填充气体,并填充至20kg/cm2。随后,加入40g含有约85wt%的1,1,2-三氯-1,2,2-三氟乙烷及15wt%过氧二碳酸二异丙酯的溶液作为催化剂以引发聚合反应。过氧二碳酸二异丙酯用作引发聚合反应的起始剂。由于在聚合反应过程中压力会降低,故添加具有40wt%的VDF、35wt%的HFP及25wt%的TFE的混合单体以将压力提升至20kg/cm2。聚合反应完成后,清除剩余的混合单体,并使用离心分离机将所得到的悬浮液脱水,以去离子水洗涤,然后在100℃下真空干燥,获得约6kg的实施例氟聚合物B。
实施例氟聚合物C
使用相似于制备实施例氟聚合物A所用的高压釜和感应搅拌器制备实施例氟聚合物C。向高压釜中充分充入氮气,并装入3L的组合物,该组合物含有脱氧纯水及30g作为乳化剂的全氟癸酸铵。将高压釜内的组合物加热至60℃并以380rpm搅拌。
然后将含有约70wt%的VDF及约30wt%的HFP的气体混合物充入高压釜,直至高压釜的内部压力达到20kg/cm2为止。随后,使用氮气将40g的含有约80wt%的1,1,2-三氯-1,2,2-三氟乙烷及20wt%过氧二碳酸二异丙酯的溶液添加于高压釜中。过氧二碳酸二异丙酯用作引发聚合反应的起始剂。
在聚合反应过程中,通过陆续注入VDF(62wt%)及HFP(38wt%)的气体混合物,使高压釜的内部压力保持在20kg/cm2。由于聚合速率会随着聚合反应的进行而降低,因此在聚合反应开始后3小时,使用氮气另外注入含有约80wt%的1,1,2-三氯-1,2,2-三氟乙烷溶液及20wt%过氧二碳酸二异丙酯的溶液30g。单体再聚合3小时后,使用离心分离机将所得到的悬浮体脱水,以去离子水洗涤,然后在100℃下真空干燥,得到约7.2kg的实施例氟聚合物C。
实施例氟聚合物D
使用容积约3L的高压釜作为批次反应器来制备实施例氟聚合物D。高压釜具有一电磁感应搅拌器。将批次的936g去离子水、0.36g甲基纤维素、360g的VDF、0.3g过氧新戊酸叔丁酯(tert-butyl peroxypivalate)、0.36g焦磷酸钠、0.36g酸性焦磷酸钠及1.8g碳酸二乙酯装入并加入高压釜中,使其在10℃下搅拌30分钟,然后加热至45℃并维持140分钟。
高压釜内的最大压力为6MPa。当高压釜内的压力降低至2.5MPa时,单体的聚合反应终止,这会在单体初次加热后15小时发生。聚合反应完成后,取出聚合物浆体,脱水,以去离子水洗涤,脱水,然后在80℃下干燥24小时,从而获得特性黏度为2.05dl/g且体密度为0.225g/ml的聚二氟亚乙烯(实施例氟聚合物D),产率为55%。
实施例2
以下提供用于制备EVOH树脂组合物及由其形成的颗粒的非限制性示例方法。该EVOH树脂组合物及其颗粒包含硼含量及氟粒子。具体而言,根据与以下揭示的方法相似的方法,制备十八种实施例EVOH树脂组合物(实施例EVOH 1-18)和十一种比较例EVOH树脂组合物(比较例EVOH 1-11)。然而,制备实施例EVOH 1-18及比较例EVOH 1-11的具体方法通常会与以下揭示的方法在一个或多个方面有所不同。
将乙烯含量为29mole%的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(ethylene-vinyl acetatecopolymer,以下称“EVAC”)进行皂化,皂化度99.5%,以制备EVOH聚合物。随后,将EVOH聚合物溶解于含有甲醇及水(重量比例为70:30)的溶液中。之后,该溶液的EVOH聚合物固体含量为41wt.%,并将该溶液置于60℃下。
然后通过水下切粒(underwater pelletization)将前述甲醇、水及EVOH的溶液进行造粒。具体而言,使用泵以120L/min的流速将前述甲醇、水及EVOH的溶液抽送至进料管中,然后送入直径为2.8mm的输入管,使用旋转刀以1,500rpm切割。添加5℃的水以冷却EVOH。随后,将该EVOH离心以将EVOH颗粒分离成EVOH粒子。以水洗涤分离后的EVOH粒子,将其浸入硼酸溶液中并搅拌,然后进行干燥以获得EVOH颗粒。
以一定比例将该EVOH颗粒与例如实施例1中所述的氟聚合物混合,然后送入双螺杆挤出机。在双螺杆挤出机的十三个区域(1区-13区)温度不同,如表1所示。在表1中,“EV27”指乙烯含量为27mole%的EVOH,“EV29”指乙烯含量为29mole%的EVOH,“EV32”指乙烯含量为32mole%的EVOH,“EV38”指乙烯含量为38mole%的EVOH,而“EV44”指乙烯含量为44mole%的EVOH。
表1
实施例3
根据下述方法使用实施例EVOH 1-18及比较例EVOH 1-11分别形成膜。将实施例EVOH 1-18及比较例EVOH 1-11送入单层T字模铸膜挤出机(光学控制系统MEV4)以制备膜。由实施例EVOH 1-18及比较例EVOH 1-11形成的膜的厚度各为20μm。将挤出机的温度设为220℃,而模具(即T字模)的温度设为230℃。螺杆的转动频率为7rpm(rotations/minutes)。
实施例4
根据与实施例2中描述的类似方法制备十八种含有氟粒子的非限制性示例性EVOH树脂组合物(实施例EVOH 1-18)和十一种比较例EVOH树脂组合物(比较例EVOH 1-11)。表2如下所示,提供了某些属性的概述,即示例EVOH 1-18和比较例EVOH 1-11的EVAC的乙烯含量、掺入EVOH中的特定含氟聚合物、此类含氟聚合物的量以及硼含量。
表2
评估实施例EVOH 1-18和比较例EVOH 1-11以判断硼含量。在微波中以浓硝酸分解每种EVOH树脂组合物(各0.1g),以制备实施例EVOH 1-18和比较例EVOH 1-11的样品溶液。然后以纯水稀释样品溶液,以将浓度调整为0.75mg/ml。使用Thermo iCAP 7000分析仪和感应耦合电浆光学发射光谱仪(inductively coupled plasma optical emissionspectrometer,ICP-OES)测量所制备溶液中的硼含量。测量值的硼量与衍生自所使用硼化合物的硼量相对应。
根据上述步骤评估实施例EVOH 1-18和比较例EVOH 1-11,以判断实施例EVOH 1-18和比较例EVOH 1-11的硼含量和熔点温度。根据与实施例3中所述类似的方法,由实施例EVOH 1-18和比较例EVOH 1-11形成膜。然后使用下述步骤和定性评估指标评估实施例EVOH1-18和比较例EVOH 1-11的膜,以判断膜厚均匀性、模头上的析出、该些膜的外观(鱼眼数)、该些膜的沙丕冲击强度和该些膜的断裂伸长度。下表3提供实施例EVOH 1-18和比较例EVOH1-11的膜的特性概要。
表3
膜厚均匀性的评估,将第一点设为中心点,将第二点设为在第一方向上距离该第一点4cm处,并将第三点设为在与该第二点相反方向上距离该第一点4cm处。然后在该第一点、该第二点和该第三点测定厚度。基于所测定的该第一点、该第二点和该第三点的厚度,使用以下公式评估膜的厚度偏差,其中该第一点的厚度以“A”表示,该第二点的厚度以“B”表示,该第三点的厚度以“C”表示。膜厚使用膜厚计量测(厂牌:TECLOCK、型号:SM-1201)。
△Tab=|(A-B)|/(A或B)较小者
△Tbc=|(B-C)|/(B或C)较小者
△Tac=|(A-C)|/(A或C)较小者
若上述厚度偏差每个皆小于或等于5%,则该膜具有优异的厚度偏差,标示为“O”。若有一个或多个厚度偏差大于5%,则该膜的厚度偏差为中等,标示为“X”。
对于由实施例EVOH 1-18和比较例EVOH 1-11形成的膜的外观,鱼眼的数量分为三个等级:(1)在1m2内有尺寸大于200μm的鱼眼的数量少于3个;(2)在1m2内有尺寸大于200μm的鱼眼的数量为3至10个;(3)在1m2内有尺寸大于200μm的鱼眼的数量多于10个。鱼眼数量的测试使用电荷耦合装置(charged coupled device,CCD)传感器及以FSA-100V.8软件设计的FSA-100。此外,在模头上若无析出,以“O”表示;若在模头上出现析出,则以“X”表示。
对于沙丕冲击强度值,在使用ISO 179-1方法进行测试之前,将试样在50%±5%的相对湿度、23℃±2℃的温度下放置16小时。施加7.5J的冲击能量,冲击方向为沿边,试样的平均宽度为10.06mm,试样的平均厚度为3.94mm。测试缺口的深度为8.09mm,测试温度为23℃±2℃,断裂类型为C。
对于断裂伸长度,测试方法是根据2012年版ISO 527-2在23℃的温度下进行,测试速度为50mm/min,样品类型为1A,并且样品的平均厚度为3.99mm。
实施例EVOH 1-18和比较例EVOH 1-11的熔点温度依ISO 11357-3(2011)方法使用TA-Q200差示扫描量热仪(differential scanning calorimeter,简称DSC,TA仪器制造)测定,取差示扫描量热仪进行第一次热扫描得到的第一熔点温度和第二熔点温度。
根据表3中所示的数据,出人意料地发现,若如上所述硼含量在期望范围内并且EVOH树脂组合物包含氟,则可改善可挠性、机械性质、膜厚均匀性和膜外观。比较例EVOH 1、6-7、9和11的硼含量超过450ppm,导致膜外观不佳,在1m2内有超过10个鱼眼。比较例EVOH 2显示,若EVOH树脂组合物中不存在氟聚合物,则不能改善可挠性、机械性质和模头上的析出。比较例3-5、8和10显示,若硼含量为零或较小,则膜厚均匀性差。
依下述步骤进一步评估实施例EVOH 1-5和7-17及比较例EVOH 1-11,以判断其粒子尺寸范围、氟含量、粒子分散性。根据与实施例3中所述相似的方法,由实施例EVOH 1-5和7-17及比较例EVOH 1-11形成膜。然后评估实施例EVOH 1-5和7-17及比较例EVOH 1-11的膜,以判断该些膜的外观(鱼眼数)。下表4进一步汇整实施例EVOH 1-5和7-17及比较例EVOH1-11的膜的特性。
表4
为了评估实施例EVOH 1-5和7-17中的粒子和比较例EVOH 1-11中的粒子(若有的话)的分散程度,由实施例EVOH 1-5和7-17和比较例EVOH 1-11中每种取一个EVOH颗粒,切割成厚度0.5mm的样品。然后使用LEICA DM2700M光学显微镜(徕卡显微系统有限责任公司)、CCD相机(例如徕卡显微系统有限责任公司所生产的)评估每个EVOH颗粒样品的切割表面,并使用软件(例如LAS V4.11软件)进行分析,测定每个含氟粒子的横截面长度。若EVOH颗粒中有一或多个粒子的粒度为直径或主轴长度大于20μm,或者无粒子形成,以“X”表示;若EVOH颗粒的粒子未凝聚而表现出优异的分散性,则以“O”表示。
使用JSM-6390扫描式电子显微镜(JEOL美国公司制造)测定氟含量,电压设为15KV,工作距离为15mm。使用牛津仪器(Oxford Instrument)INCA 7582型进行能量散射光谱分析。调整扫描式电子显微镜的光点大小,使能量散射光谱的空滞时间少于35%。将能量散射光谱分析的采集率设为1Kcps。使用从扫描式电子显微镜和能量散射光谱获得的测量结果,依据碳的kα0.2774keV、氧的kα0.5249keV和氟的kα0.6768keV的元素信号峰,计算基于碳、氧和氟的总含量的氟含量,以重量百分浓度(wt%)计。此外,在能量散射光谱分析过程中,将扫描式电子显微镜特别瞄准粒子,使所测得的氟含量主要反映粒子中的氟。具体地,个别由十个位置评估实施例EVOH 1-5和7-17和比较例EVOH 1-11。
如表4所示,包含较佳粒度范围的实施例EVOH 1-5和7-17所形成的膜,每个皆表现出优异的膜外观,在1m2内少于3个鱼眼,并且模头析出情形优异。
本文中,所提供的所有范围旨在包括在给定的范围内的每个特定范围以及在该给定范围之间的子范围的组合。此外,除非另有说明,否则本文提供的所有范围皆包括所述范围的端点。从而,范围1-5具体包括1、2、3、4和5,以及诸如2-5、3-5、2-3、2-4、1-4等子范围。
在本说明书中引用的所有刊物和专利申请案皆通过引用并入本文,并且出于任何及所有目的,每一个别刊物或专利申请案皆明确且个别地指出以通过引用并入本文。在本文与通过引用并入本文的任何刊物或专利申请案之间存在不一致的情况下,以本文为准。
本文所用的术语“包括”、“具有”和“包含”具有开放、非限制性的意义。术语“一”和“该”应理解为涵盖复数及单数。术语“一个或多个”指“至少一个”,因此可包括单一特征或混合物/组合特征。
除了在操作实施例中或在另外指出的地方,所有表示成分及/或反应条件的量的数字在所有情况下皆可使用术语“约”修饰,意指在所指示的数字的±5%以内。本文所用的术语“基本上不含”或“实质上不含”指少于约2%的特定特征。在申请专利范围中可否定地排除本文中肯定地阐述的所有要素或特征。
以上依据图式所示的实施例详细说明了本发明的构造、特征及作用效果,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,但本发明不以图面所示限定实施范围,凡是依照本发明的构想所作的改变,或修改为等同变化的等效实施例,仍未超出说明书与图示所涵盖的精神时,均应在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (13)
1.一种乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂组合物,其特征在于,包含:
一乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物;
一种或多种含氟粒子;及
一硼化合物,其中该乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂组合物具有一硼含量为10至450 ppm。
2.如权利要求1所述的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂组合物,其特征在于,还包括:至少两个熔点温度,一第一熔点温度及一第二熔点温度。
3.如权利要求2所述的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂组合物,其特征在于,该第一熔点温度为100℃至140℃。
4.如权利要求2所述的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂组合物,其特征在于,该第二熔点温度为150℃至195℃。
5.如权利要求1所述的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂组合物,其特征在于,该一种或多种含氟粒子包含一氟化聚合物。
6.如权利要求1所述的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂组合物,其特征在于,该含氟粒子包括1.5至47 wt%的氟含量,前述氟含量基于碳、氧及氟元素的总重量。
7.如权利要求1所述的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂组合物,其特征在于,每一该含氟粒子的粒度为直径或主轴长度不大于20 μm。
8.如权利要求7所述的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂组合物,其特征在于,每一该含氟粒子的粒度为直径或主轴长度介于0.3至18 μm。
9.如权利要求1所述的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂组合物,其特征在于,其硼含量为20至350 ppm。
10.一种包含如权利要求1所述的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂组合物的膜,其特征在于,根据ISO 179-1在23°C下该膜的沙丕冲击强度为至少2.5 KJ/m2,并且根据ISO 527-2在23°C下该膜的断裂伸长度为至少18%。
11.如权利要求10所述的膜,其特征在于,其断裂伸长度为至少20%。
12.一种多层结构,其特征在于,包括:
(a) 至少一由权利要求1的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂组合物形成的层;
(b) 至少一聚合物层;及
(c) 至少一黏合剂层。
13.如权利要求12所述的多层结构,其特征在于,该聚合物层选自由低密度聚乙烯层、聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐层、聚丙烯层、尼龙层及其组合所组成的群组。
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CN1280912A (zh) * | 1999-06-11 | 2001-01-24 | 可乐丽股份有限公司 | 多层结构体 |
CN101010362A (zh) * | 2004-09-03 | 2007-08-01 | 可乐丽股份有限公司 | 由乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂组合物构成的多层颗粒 |
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KR102463956B1 (ko) | 2022-11-04 |
TW202134338A (zh) | 2021-09-16 |
EP3845597A1 (en) | 2021-07-07 |
KR20210086979A (ko) | 2021-07-09 |
SG10202013100UA (en) | 2021-07-29 |
CN112574498A (zh) | 2021-03-30 |
TWI741853B (zh) | 2021-10-01 |
TWI809324B (zh) | 2023-07-21 |
BR102020026505A2 (pt) | 2021-07-13 |
KR20210086958A (ko) | 2021-07-09 |
JP2021113307A (ja) | 2021-08-05 |
TW202124565A (zh) | 2021-07-01 |
TW202124568A (zh) | 2021-07-01 |
CN113121908B (zh) | 2024-09-17 |
KR20210086959A (ko) | 2021-07-09 |
CN113121908A (zh) | 2021-07-16 |
EP3845598A1 (en) | 2021-07-07 |
JP7231603B2 (ja) | 2023-03-01 |
KR102413801B1 (ko) | 2022-06-27 |
EP3845596A1 (en) | 2021-07-07 |
CN112625332A (zh) | 2021-04-09 |
JP2023168356A (ja) | 2023-11-24 |
JP2021113306A (ja) | 2021-08-05 |
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CN112625332B (zh) | 2023-09-01 |
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