CN112460172A - 车辆制动垫及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种车辆制动垫(100)的制备方法，包括以下时序步骤：‑向支撑板(21)施加电路；‑在所述电路上丝网印刷至少第一电极(5)；‑在所述至少第一电极(5)上丝网印刷压电材料片(2)；‑在所述片(2)上丝网印刷至少第二电极(7)；‑将摩擦垫(20)施加在所述支撑板(21)上；‑通过向所述至少第一电极和第二电极(5,7)供电来对所述压电材料片(2)进行本体极化。
Description
技术领域
以下公开涉及包括力感测装置的车辆智能制动垫及其制备方法。
背景技术
压电现象是响应于外部施加的机械应力而积聚在特定类型的固体材料内部的电荷。
本质上，存在多种压电材料，如石英、电气石和罗谢尔盐的纳米晶体，但它们对外部请求表现出相对较小的压电响应。
为了克服该问题，合成一些多晶铁电陶瓷，诸如钛酸钡(BaTiO3)和锆钛酸铅(PZT)，其在施加机械应力之后表现出较大的位移或引起较大的电压。
为了以适当的方式使用这些合成压电材料，需要极化过程。
为此，施加若干kV/mm的强电场以在先前无组织的陶瓷化合物中产生不对称性。
电场引起自发极化的重新取向，并且同时，对极性场方向具有有利取向的域生长，并且抑制具有不利取向的那些域。
极化之后，即使不施加电场，也保留了大多数重新取向。
压电陶瓷化合物以几种不同的方式制备，但最常见的制造技术是基于喷雾干燥的颗粒状材料的机械液压压制。在制备后，将化合物在高达约1300℃的温度处烧结。
结果为高密度的固体陶瓷。
稍后，压电材料如前所述被极化，然后烧结陶瓷(非常硬)可被锯开并加工(如果需要的话)。
压实物具有与盘、板、杆和圆柱体不同的形状。
制造方法的最后阶段涉及电极沉积。
通过丝网印刷技术或PVD(溅射)将电极施加到压电陶瓷，并且随后在高于800℃的温度处焙烧。
用于基于压电材料的感测装置的当前生产技术的限制在于压电材料的生产和后续加工成所需形状和尺寸的不同机械步骤，以及然后与电极的最终耦合。
因此，基于压电材料的此类标准感测装置是昂贵的并且需要较长的生产过程。
发明内容
为了克服这些主要限制，提出了本公开。
丝网印刷技术是一种快速且低成本的方法。
压电元件(在这种情况下为法向力传感器)的丝网印刷可允许在感测对象(例如用于车辆的智能制动垫)的工业过程中实现稳固的设计和成本降低。
与当前市场上用于压电传感器的技术相比，丝网印刷减少了生产步骤，因为传感器本身可直接在待传感的物体上生产，并且其也可被“原位”极化。
因此，不必生产极化的传感器，然后将其安装在物体上，而是将其直接集成在物体中。
丝网印刷技术广泛用于印刷电子器件，并且是制造广泛范围的电子器件的最有前景的技术之一。
丝网印刷传感器的优点包括灵敏度、选择性、批量生产的可能性和小型化。
该技术包括将特定油墨或糊剂的连续层沉积到绝缘基板上。
所用的糊剂通常基于具有金属分散体或石墨的聚合物粘结剂，并且还可包含功能性材料，诸如辅因子、稳定剂和调节剂。
丝网印刷技术的优点在于在单个步骤中在器件制造的所有阶段(从电极到材料沉积)制造的可能性。
此外，作为法向力传感器的所制造装置的原位极化的程序非常简单。
使用这种类型的技术制造的装置通常非常薄(h＝10÷100μm)，并且在几何形状或平面延伸方面没有具体限制。
利用这些几何特性可以限定一些电极构型，以便控制场方向，目的是获得优先的偏振方向。
智能制动垫是传感器化制动垫，该传感器化制动垫被配置为(例如，具有适当的软件和硬件系统架构以及一些算法)测量一个或多个参数，诸如制动垫温度和/或静态量和动态量，包括在制动期间施加的法向力和剪切力。
因此，本公开中描述的技术任务是消除当前生产技术的限制。
根据本公开的技术任务通过提供车辆制动垫来实现，该车辆制动垫包括：
-支撑板；
-摩擦垫；
-至少一个力感测装置；以及
-电路，该电路被配置为从所述至少一个力感测装置收集信号，
所述力感测装置包括：
-压电材料片，该压电材料片具有彼此平行的第一主面和第二主面；
-至少第一电极，该至少第一电极位于所述第一主面上；以及
-至少第二电极，该至少第二电极位于所述第二主面上；
其特征在于，所述压电材料片、所述第一电极和所述第二电极各自由丝网印刷层制成。
在一个实施方案中，所述力感测装置是法向力感测装置。
在一个实施方案中，所述力感测装置是剪切力感测装置。
在一个实施方案中，所述至少第一电极和所述至少第二电极是指状的。
根据本公开的技术任务还通过提供车辆制动垫的制备方法来实现，其特征在于包括以下时序步骤：
-在支撑板上施加电路；
-在所述电路上丝网印刷至少第一电极；
-在所述至少第一电极上丝网印刷压电材料片；
-在所述片上丝网印刷至少第二电极；
-将摩擦垫施加在所述支撑板上；
-通过向所述至少第一电极和第二电极供电来对所述压电材料片进行本体极化。
这样，压电材料的本体极化可原位进行，即，在已经集成在待监测物品中的丝网印刷感测装置上进行。
各种设计实施方案是可能的，并且附图中所描绘的实施方案是为了进行示意性的说明，并且绝不应理解为限制本公开的范围。
可组合不同公开实施方案的各种特征以形成作为本公开的一部分的附加实施方案。
附图说明
图1示意性地示出了车辆制动垫的实施方案的一部分的竖直剖面图，其中表示了极化阶段期间的电场；
图2示意性地示出了图1的车辆制动垫的力传感器的指状电极。
具体实施方式
以下具体实施方式参考了附图，附图形成具体实施方式的一部分。
在附图中，除非上下文另有规定，否则类似的参考标号通常标识类似的部件。
具体实施方式和附图中所述的示例性实施方案并非意在进行限制。
在不脱离本文所呈现的主题的实质或范围的情况下，可以利用其他实施方案，并且可以做出其他改变。
如本文大体所述并且如附图所示，本公开的各方面可被布置、取代、组合和设计成多种不同的构型，所有这些都是明确设想的并且构成本公开的一部分。
现在参见图1和图2。
法向力感测装置1包括压电材料片2，该压电材料片具有彼此平行、正交于它们的第一主面3和第二主面4，该法向力感测装置被标识为法向应力方向N。
在压电材料片2的第一主面3上，至少第一指状电极5位于具有至少一个、优选更多个指部5a的位置。
在压电材料片2的第二主面4上，至少第二指状电极7位于具有至少一个、优选更多个指部7a的位置。
第一电极5和第二电极7具有沿相应于法向力方向N的读取方向R彼此对准的指部5a和7a。
片2的压电材料具有本体电极化，其中矢量场E通常在读取方向R上取向。
有利的是，第一读取电极5和第二读取电极7的每对对准的指部5a、7a包封片2的压电材料的相应区2a，该区具有在法向力方向N上垂直取向的矢量E。
压电材料片2由丝网印刷层制成。
每个电极5、7也由丝网印刷层制成。
第一电极5和第二电极7的指部5a、7a优选地为具有相同长度和相同宽度的条带。
为了使新技术的优点最大化，电极几何形状的不同实施方案是可能的。
从最低至最高依次丝网印刷三个层，下电极5、压电材料2和上电极7。
将在压电材料2的本体内限定不同的区域：有源区域2a是将收集信号的区。
在极化阶段期间，为电极5和电极7供电，从而在压电材料2中产生正常电场E。
在读取阶段期间，电极5和电极7用于收集由压电材料2的变形产生的信号。
力感测装置1集成到车辆制动垫装置100中并“原位”极化。
制动垫装置包括制动垫(brake or braking pad)100，该制动垫包括支撑板21、摩擦垫20、以及配备有力传感器1和未示出的其它传感器的电路22，该其它传感器用于实时检测至少与力(剪切力和法向力)并且优选地还与温度相关的信号。
制动垫100可包括根据本公开的至少一个法向力传感器和/或至少一个剪切传感器1。
温度传感器可以是热敏电阻器，例如PT1000、PT200或PT100。
电路22具有布置在用于收集来自所述制动垫100的信号的区中的电端子。
支撑板21，优选地但不一定由金属制成，直接支撑电路22。
摩擦垫20施加在存在电路22的支撑板21的侧面上，因此电路22结合在支撑板21和摩擦垫20之间。
可包括阻尼层，该阻尼层涂覆电路22并且插置在摩擦垫20和支撑板21之间。
在一些实施方案中，制动垫设置有传感器(压电陶瓷传感器、压电传感器、电容传感器、压缩电阻传感器、应变仪或其他力传感器或变形传感器)，并且制动垫主要由四个不同的部件组成：背板(金属支撑件)、背板上的感测层(电子电路、互连介质以及集成的力传感器和温度传感器)、阻尼层(或垫层UL，作为任选的层)和摩擦材料层(摩擦材料FM)。
智能制动装置可包括有限数量的传感器，以便将操作数量和电子器件的功率预算限制为适用于板载应用的无线系统。
在使用期间，制动垫能够传输与由于与被制动的元件接触而施加到所述制动元件的制动力成比例的电信号，该制动元件既易于构造又易于使用。
力传感器可优选地具有至少0.2mm的厚度，并且由操作温度高于200℃的压电陶瓷材料制成。
力传感器允许测量由车辆系统施加到制动垫的实际力。
其上安装有传感器的电路22是适当电绝缘的。
电路22具有适当形状的分支以将传感器布置在支撑板21上的离散位置中。
电路22可为丝网印刷电路。
如上所述，智能垫100设置有适当的传感器，该传感器能够在工作条件下传输与由于与经受制动的元件接触而施加到制动元件的力成比例的电信号。
制动装置被施加到车辆的车轮的制动卡钳。
具体地讲，每个制动卡钳包括至少一个制动装置，因此例如总共至少四个制动装置板载于车辆上。
虽然所示实施方案涉及至少具有原位丝网印刷和极化的法向力传感器的制动垫及其制备方法，但未示出的另一个实施方案涵盖至少具有原位丝网印刷和极化的剪切力传感器的制动垫及其制备方法。在法向力传感器和剪切力传感器的两种情况下，制备方法按时间顺序包括以下步骤：将电路施加在支撑板上；在电路上丝网印刷至少第一电极；在至少第一电极上丝网印刷压电材料片；在压电材料片上丝网印刷至少第二电极；将摩擦垫施加在支撑板上；以及通过向至少第一电极和第二电极供电来对压电材料片进行本体极化。
如此构思的力感测装置和制备方法易于进行多种修改和变型，所有都落在本发明概念的范围内；此外，根据需要和现有技术，所有细节以及尺寸可用其他技术上等效的技术来替换。
Claims (5)
1.一种车辆制动垫(100)，包括：
-支撑板(21)；
-摩擦垫(20)；
-至少一个力感测装置(1)；以及
-电路，所述电路被配置为从所述至少一个力感测装置(1)收集信号，所述力感测装置(1)包括：
-压电材料片(2)，所述压电材料片具有彼此平行的第一主面和第二主面(3,4)；
-位于所述第一主面(3)上的至少第一电极(5)；以及
-位于所述第二主面(4)上的至少第二电极(7)；
其特征在于，所述压电材料片(2)、所述第一电极和所述第二电极(5,7)各自由丝网印刷层制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆制动垫(100)，其特征在于，所述力感测装置(1)为法向力感测装置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车辆制动垫(100)，其特征在于，所述力感测装置(1)为剪切力感测装置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的车辆制动垫(100)，其特征在于，所述至少第一电极(5)和所述至少第二电极(7)是指状的。
5.一种车辆制动垫(100)的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下时序步骤：
-将电路(22)施加在支撑板(21)上；
-在所述电路(22)上丝网印刷至少第一电极(5)；
-在所述至少第一电极(5)上丝网印刷压电材料片(2)；
-在所述片(2)上丝网印刷至少第二电极(7)；
-将摩擦垫(20)施加在所述支撑板(21)上；
-通过向所述至少第一电极和第二电极(5,7)供电来对所述压电材料片(2)进行本体极化。
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2019
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2020
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- 2020-09-01 EP EP20193831.3A patent/EP3789628B1/en active Active
- 2020-09-04 US US17/013,328 patent/US11519475B2/en active Active
- 2020-09-07 CN CN202010937618.6A patent/CN112460172A/zh active Pending
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| ES2924052T3 (es) | 2022-10-04 |
| EP3789628B1 (en) | 2022-06-15 |
| EP3789628A1 (en) | 2021-03-10 |
| IT201900015839A1 (it) | 2021-03-06 |
| US20210071728A1 (en) | 2021-03-11 |
| US20230175567A1 (en) | 2023-06-08 |
| US11519475B2 (en) | 2022-12-06 |
| US11885386B2 (en) | 2024-01-30 |
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