CN112420819A - 半导体装置 - Google Patents
半导体装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112420819A CN112420819A CN202010830288.0A CN202010830288A CN112420819A CN 112420819 A CN112420819 A CN 112420819A CN 202010830288 A CN202010830288 A CN 202010830288A CN 112420819 A CN112420819 A CN 112420819A
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- Prior art keywords
- semiconductor device
- lower electrode
- semiconductor substrate
- electrode
- metal film
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical group [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018104 Ni-P Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 229910018536 Ni—P Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 abstract description 85
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010380 TiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- CJRQAPHWCGEATR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-prop-2-ynylbutan-2-amine Chemical compound CCC(C)N(C)CC#C CJRQAPHWCGEATR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本公开涉及半导体装置,其目的在于得到能够抑制由镀敷导致的对半导体基板的损伤并实现高可靠性的半导体装置。本公开涉及的半导体装置具有:半导体基板;下部电极,其设置于该半导体基板之上;绝缘膜,其设置于该半导体基板之上,将该下部电极包围;以及镀敷电极,其设置于该下部电极之上,该镀敷电极在上表面具有凸部,该凸部具有:第1部分,其在与该半导体基板的上表面平行的第1方向延伸;以及第2部分,其在与该半导体基板的该上表面平行且与该第1方向交叉的第2方向延伸,该镀敷电极比该绝缘膜薄。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及半导体装置。
背景技术
在专利文献1中公开了半导体装置,该半导体装置具有:半导体基板,其形成有半导体元件;以及第1电极层,其设置于半导体基板之上,与半导体元件电连接。该半导体装置还具有:保护绝缘膜,其层叠于第1电极层的上表面的一部分;以及第2电极层,其是横跨第1电极层和保护绝缘膜这两者而层叠的。构成第2电极层的材料比构成第1电极层的材料机械强度高。在第1电极层的上表面设置有槽部。另外,在第2电极层的下表面设置有凸出至槽部内的凸出部。
专利文献1:日本特开2017-050358号公报
在如专利文献1所示那样的构造中,想到通过镀敷而形成第2电极层。此时,在槽部处,镀敷处理液到达半导体基板,半导体基板有可能受到损伤。
发明内容
本公开就是为了解决上述课题而提出的,其目的在于,得到能够抑制由镀敷导致的对半导体基板的损伤并实现高可靠性的半导体装置。
本公开涉及的半导体装置具有:半导体基板;下部电极,其设置于该半导体基板之上;绝缘膜,其设置于该半导体基板之上,将该下部电极包围;以及镀敷电极,其设置于该下部电极之上,该镀敷电极在上表面具有凸部,该凸部具有:第1部分,其在与该半导体基板的上表面平行的第1方向延伸;以及第2部分,其在与该半导体基板的该上表面平行且与该第1方向交叉的第2方向延伸,该镀敷电极比该绝缘膜薄。
本公开涉及的半导体装置具有:半导体基板;下部电极,其设置于该半导体基板之上;绝缘膜,其设置于该半导体基板之上,将该下部电极包围,形成芯片的外缘;以及镀敷电极,其设置于该下部电极之上,该镀敷电极在上表面具有凸部,该凸部具有:第1部分,其在该芯片的外周部在与该半导体基板的上表面平行的第1方向延伸;以及第2部分,其在该芯片的外周部在与该半导体基板的该上表面平行且与该第1方向交叉的第2方向延伸。
本公开涉及的半导体装置具有:半导体基板;下部电极,其设置于该半导体基板之上;绝缘膜,其设置于该半导体基板之上,将该下部电极包围;以及镀敷电极,其设置于该下部电极之上,该镀敷电极在上表面具有十字型的凸部。
发明的效果
就本公开涉及的半导体装置而言,在下部电极没有槽部,因此能够抑制由镀敷导致的对半导体基板的损伤。另外,由于通过凸部提高了半导体装置的机械强度,因此能够实现半导体装置的高可靠性。
附图说明
图1是实施方式1涉及的半导体装置的剖视图。
图2是实施方式1涉及的半导体装置的俯视图。
图3是表示在实施方式1涉及的半导体装置设置有焊料的状态的剖视图。
图4是实施方式1的第1变形例涉及的半导体装置的剖视图。
图5是实施方式1的第2变形例涉及的半导体装置的俯视图。
图6是实施方式1的第3变形例涉及的半导体装置的俯视图。
图7是实施方式2涉及的半导体装置的剖视图。
图8是实施方式3涉及的半导体装置的剖视图。
标号的说明
10半导体基板,12下部电极,13凸起部,14绝缘膜,16镀敷电极,17凸部,17a第1部分,17b第2部分,18背面电极,100、200、300、400、500、600半导体装置,513凸起部,613凸起部,613a第1凸起部,613b第2凸起部
具体实施方式
参照附图,对本公开的实施方式涉及的半导体装置进行说明。对相同或对应的结构要素标注相同标号,有时省略重复说明。
实施方式1.
图1是实施方式1涉及的半导体装置100的剖视图。半导体装置100具有半导体基板10、下部电极12、绝缘膜14、镀敷电极16、背面电极18。半导体装置100例如为电力半导体装置。电力半导体装置例如为MOSFET(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-EffectTransistor)。电力半导体装置也可以是IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)或二极管。
下部电极12设置于半导体基板10之上。下部电极12被作为图案设置于半导体基板10的上表面。下部电极12是用于在半导体装置100流过主电流的电极。下部电极12例如为MOSFET的源极电极、IGBT的发射极电极或二极管的阳极电极。下部电极12例如为包含Al、Si、Cu等的Al合金。下部电极12的厚度例如为0.1μm~6μm。
凸起部13设置于下部电极12的上表面。凸起部13为下部电极12的一部分。凸起部13由与下部电极12相同的材料形成。通过将下部电极12的一部分形成得比其它部分厚而设置凸起部13。凸起部13的高度T1例如为0.5μm~10μm,宽度w1例如为0.5μm~100μm。
绝缘膜14设置于半导体基板10之上。绝缘膜14将半导体基板10的外周部覆盖。绝缘膜14将下部电极12包围。绝缘膜14的一部分攀至下部电极12之上。绝缘膜14将下部电极12的端部覆盖。绝缘膜14是对下部电极12及半导体基板10进行保护的保护绝缘膜。绝缘膜14例如由聚酰亚胺形成。
绝缘膜14在中央部具有开口部。在开口部处通过镀敷技术设置镀敷电极16。镀敷电极16设置于下部电极12之上。镀敷电极16整体与绝缘膜14相比设置于内侧。镀敷电极16为焊料接合用金属膜,例如是通过化学镀生长的Ni-P膜。Ni-P膜是含有百分之几的P的金属膜。镀敷电极16也可以由比下部电极12机械强度高的材料形成。
通常,在将金属膜和焊料接合后的状态下,金属膜和焊料的合金化得以发展。由此,有时金属膜的厚度会减少。因此,对镀敷电极16进行设计,以使得在半导体装置100的使用条件下,镀敷电极16不会由于合金化而消失。由此,能够确保焊料接合部的可靠性。特别地,当在严酷的热应力环境下使用半导体装置100的情况下,以镀敷电极16不消失的程度,将镀敷电极16设计得厚即可。在该情况下,与溅射技术相比,优选通过镀敷技术形成镀敷电极16。镀敷电极16的厚度T3例如为0.1μm~10μm。另外,镀敷电极16没有形成在绝缘膜14之上,比绝缘膜14薄。
镀敷电极16在上表面具有凸部17。镀敷电极16将下部电极12的凸起部13覆盖。由此,凸起部13的形状反映在镀敷电极16的表面,在镀敷电极16形成凸部17。因此,在俯视观察时凸部17设置于与凸起部13重叠的位置。凸部17沿凸起部13在剖视中形成为U字状。凸部17的高度T2例如为0.5μm~10μm。凸部17的宽度w2比凸起部13的宽度w1宽例如1μm~20μm。
凸部17处的镀敷电极16的厚度T2+T3比镀敷电极16中的凸部17之外的平面部的厚度T3厚。因此,凸部17与平面部相比垂直方向的机械刚性高。另外,镀敷电极16比绝缘膜14薄。特别地,镀敷电极16中的凸部17之外的平面部比在绝缘膜14的下部电极12之上设置的部分薄。即,T3<T4。如果T3>T4,则存在镀敷电极16在绝缘膜14之上也形成得薄的风险。在该情况下,镀敷电极16中的位于绝缘膜14之上的部分具有与T3和T4的差相等的厚度。此时,在镀敷电极16局部地形成刚性低的部位。在本实施方式中,通过设为T3<T4能够对在镀敷电极16形成刚性低的部位进行抑制。
背面电极18设置于与半导体基板10的上表面相对的面即背面。背面电极18是用于在半导体装置100流过主电流的电极。背面电极18例如为MOSFET的漏极电极、IGBT的集电极(collector)电极(electrode)、二极管的阴极电极。背面电极18例如为包含Al、Ti、Ni、Au、Cu等的层叠膜。背面电极18的厚度例如为0.1μm~10μm。
图2是实施方式1涉及的半导体装置100的俯视图。此外,图1是通过用图2所示的A-B直线切割半导体装置100而得到的。半导体装置100在俯视观察时为四边形。绝缘膜14形成芯片的外缘。镀敷电极16将绝缘膜14的开口部填充。镀敷电极16在俯视观察时为四边形。凸部17设置于镀敷电极16的外周部。凸部17沿镀敷电极16的四个边延伸。
凸部17具有:第1部分17a,其在芯片的外周部在第1方向延伸;以及第2部分17b,其在芯片的外周部在第2方向延伸。第1方向为与半导体基板10的上表面平行的方向。第1方向为图2中的X方向。第2方向为与半导体基板10的上表面平行且与第1方向交叉的方向。第2方向为图2中的Y方向。
图3是表示在实施方式1涉及的半导体装置100设置有焊料20的状态的剖视图。焊料20设置于镀敷电极16之上。焊料20以包含凸部17的方式将镀敷电极16覆盖。焊料20也可以将镀敷电极16整体覆盖。另外,焊料20与绝缘膜14相比设置于内侧,没有形成于绝缘膜14之上。焊料20的端部与镀敷电极16的端部对齐。
在本实施方式中,通过焊料20将外部电极和半导体装置100的电极直接接合。由此,能够降低电阻并且进行大电流的通电。
下面,对本实施方式的效果进行说明。通常,在下部电极之上设置有镀敷电极的构造中,有时在下部电极形成槽部。此时,形成没有下部电极的部位、或下部电极薄的部位。在这样的构造中,如果通过镀敷技术形成镀敷电极,则存在在槽部处镀敷处理液到达半导体基板的风险。由此,有可能使半导体基板受到损伤,损害半导体装置的可靠性。相对于此,由于在本实施方式的下部电极12没有槽部,因此具有下述效果,即,抑制由镀敷处理导致的对半导体基板10的损伤。
另外,通过在镀敷电极16设置凸部17,能够提高镀敷电极16的垂直方向的机械强度。特别地,通过使凸部17在第1方向及第2方向延伸,凸部17作为梁起作用。因此,能够提高镀敷电极16的刚性。由此,即使将镀敷电极16设得薄,也能够确保镀敷电极16相对于垂直方向的应力的强度。另外,通过由凸部17提高半导体装置100的机械强度,能够提高半导体装置100的可靠性。
图4是实施方式1的第1变形例涉及的半导体装置200的剖视图。下部电极12及镀敷电极16也可以分割为多个部分。在图4中,下部电极12及镀敷电极16各自被绝缘膜14分割。
图5是实施方式1的第2变形例涉及的半导体装置300的俯视图。就半导体装置300而言,凸部17的形状与半导体装置100不同。就半导体装置300而言,凸部17的第1部分17a和第2部分17b是分离的。在该情况下也能够得到与半导体装置100相同的效果。
图6是实施方式1的第3变形例涉及的半导体装置400的俯视图。就半导体装置100而言,凸部17沿绝缘膜14设置于镀敷电极16的外周部。凸部17的配置并不限于此。如图6所示,凸部17也可以为十字型。就半导体装置400而言,第1部分17a和第2部分17b在芯片的中央部交叉。
就半导体装置400而言,能够增强芯片的中央部。此外,如半导体装置100、300所示,呈如下倾向:在与镀敷电极16的端部越近的部位配置凸部17,镀敷电极16相对于垂直方向的应力的机械强度越高。
如上所述,凸部17至少具有在第1方向延伸的第1部分17a、在与第1方向交叉的第2方向延伸的第2部分17b即可。另外,第1方向和第2方向也可以相对于芯片的边倾斜。例如,第1部分17a和第2部分17b也可以沿芯片的对角线延伸。
另外,芯片、绝缘膜14及镀敷电极16的形状并不限于图2所示,例如也可以是正方形、长方形、多边形等。
另外,为了机械强度的提高,优选凸部17的高度T2比规定值大。优选凸部17的高度T2例如大于或等于1μm。
另外,在本实施方式中,利用凸起部13的凹凸在镀敷电极16形成了凸部17。并不限于此,只要能够在镀敷电极16形成凸部17,则也可以不设置凸起部13。在该情况下也能够得到与本实施方式相同的效果。在该情况下,在半导体基板10的上表面形成平坦的下部电极12。接着,在下部电极12的上表面,通过镀敷等设置成为镀敷电极16的平坦的金属膜。之后,也可以通过追加的加工工序,形成凸部17。
另外,在本实施方式中,将镀敷电极16设为与外部电极通过焊料20直接接合的金属膜。并不限于此,也可以将镀敷电极16用作导线接合或Ag接合用电极。在该情况下也能够得到与本实施方式相同的效果。
作为本实施方式的其它变形例,半导体基板10也可以由宽带隙半导体形成。宽带隙半导体例如是碳化硅、氮化镓类材料或金刚石。半导体基板10也可以由硅形成。
这些变形能够适当应用于以下实施方式涉及的半导体装置。此外,由于与实施方式1的共通点较多,因此以与实施方式1的区别为中心对以下实施方式涉及的半导体装置进行说明。
实施方式2.
图7是实施方式2涉及的半导体装置500的剖视图。在本实施方式中,凸起部513由与下部电极12不同的材料形成。通过由凸起部513形成的台阶,在镀敷电极16形成凸部17。凸起部513既可以是绝缘膜,也可以是非绝缘膜。绝缘膜例如为氧化膜、硅氮化膜、聚酰亚胺。非绝缘膜例如为TiNi、Cu。在这样的情况下,也会得到与实施方式1相同的效果。
另外,凸起部513的宽度w1小于或等于镀敷电极16的厚度T3与凸起部513的厚度T5之间的差的2倍。通常,镀层在特定的材料之上生长。作为镀层的镀敷电极16在下部电极12之上生长。另外,在由与下部电极12不同的材料形成的凸起部513之上,镀层没有生长。
这里,镀层通常各向同性地生长。因此,能够从下部电极12和凸起部513的边界起仅在一定范围,在凸起部513的表面之上也形成镀层。具体而言,能够从下部电极12和凸起部513的边界起以镀敷电极16的厚度T3,在凸起部513的表面之上也形成镀敷。
因此,如果将凸起部513的宽度w1设为小于或等于镀敷电极16的厚度T3与凸起部513的厚度T5之间的差的2倍,则能够在凸起部513的整个上表面形成镀层。因此,在凸起部513由与下部电极12不同的材料形成的情况下,也能够通过镀敷电极16覆盖凸起部513。
实施方式3.
图8是实施方式3涉及的半导体装置600的剖视图。凸起部613具有第1凸起部613a和第2凸起部613b。第1凸起部613a为下部电极12的一部分,由与下部电极12相同的材料形成。第2凸起部613b设置于第1凸起部613a之上,由与下部电极12不同的材料形成。
接着,对凸起部613的制造方法进行说明。首先,在半导体基板10的上表面形成成为下部电极12的金属膜。接着,在金属膜的上表面形成成为第2凸起部613b的掩模层。接着,将掩模层图案化而形成第2凸起部613b。接着,沿第2凸起部613b对金属膜进行蚀刻,形成下部电极12及第1凸起部613a。
通常,凸部17越高,越能够提高镀敷电极16的垂直方向的机械强度。在本实施方式中,将用于形成第1凸起部613a的掩模以原状态残留,形成镀敷电极16。通过将第1凸起部613a和第2凸起部613b组合,能够将凸起部613形成得高。由此,能够将凸部17形成得高。因此,能够得到实施方式1的效果,并且提高镀敷电极16相对于垂直方向的应力的机械强度。
另外,能够将用于形成第1凸起部613a的掩模有效地用作第2凸起部613b。此外,在实施方式1中,也可以通过在对成为下部电极12的金属膜进行了蚀刻后,去除第2凸起部613b,从而形成凸起部13。
另外,与实施方式2相同地,第2凸起部613b的宽度w1也可以小于或等于镀敷电极16的厚度T3与第2凸起部613b的高度T5之间的差的2倍。由此,在第2凸起部613b由与下部电极12不同的材料形成的情况下,也能够通过镀敷电极16覆盖第2凸起部613b。
另外,在各实施方式中说明过的技术特征也可以适当地进行组合而使用。
Claims (17)
1.一种半导体装置,其特征在于,具有:
半导体基板;
下部电极,其设置于所述半导体基板之上;
绝缘膜,其设置于所述半导体基板之上,将所述下部电极包围;以及
金属膜,其由Ni-P形成,设置于所述下部电极之上,该金属膜在上表面具有凸部,
所述凸部具有:第1部分,其在与所述半导体基板的上表面平行的第1方向延伸;以及第2部分,其在与所述半导体基板的所述上表面平行且与所述第1方向交叉的第2方向延伸,
所述金属膜比所述绝缘膜薄。
2.根据权利要求1所述的半导体装置,其特征在于,
所述凸部沿所述绝缘膜设置于所述金属膜的外周部。
3.一种半导体装置,其特征在于,具有:
半导体基板;
下部电极,其设置于所述半导体基板之上;
绝缘膜,其设置于所述半导体基板之上,将所述下部电极包围,形成芯片的外缘;以及
金属膜,其由Ni-P形成,设置于所述下部电极之上,该金属膜在上表面具有凸部,
所述凸部具有:第1部分,其在所述芯片的外周部在与所述半导体基板的上表面平行的第1方向延伸;以及第2部分,其在所述芯片的外周部在与所述半导体基板的所述上表面平行且与所述第1方向交叉的第2方向延伸。
4.一种半导体装置,其特征在于,具有:
半导体基板;
下部电极,其设置于所述半导体基板之上;
绝缘膜,其设置于所述半导体基板之上,将所述下部电极包围;以及
金属膜,其由Ni-P形成,设置于所述下部电极之上,该金属膜在上表面具有十字型的凸部。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的半导体装置,其特征在于,
所述金属膜比所述绝缘膜薄。
6.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的半导体装置,其特征在于,
所述金属膜在俯视观察时为四边形,
所述凸部沿所述金属膜的四个边延伸。
7.根据权利要求1所述的半导体装置,其特征在于,
所述凸部为十字型。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的半导体装置,其特征在于,
所述绝缘膜具有设置于所述下部电极之上的部分,
所述金属膜比所述绝缘膜的设置于所述下部电极之上的部分薄。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的半导体装置,其特征在于,
所述金属膜整体与所述绝缘膜相比设置于内侧。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的半导体装置,其特征在于,
在所述下部电极的上表面,在俯视观察时与所述凸部重叠的位置设置凸起部。
11.根据权利要求10所述的半导体装置,其特征在于,
所述凸起部为所述下部电极的一部分。
12.根据权利要求10所述的半导体装置,其特征在于,
所述凸起部由与所述下部电极不同的材料形成。
13.根据权利要求12所述的半导体装置,其特征在于,
所述凸起部的宽度小于或等于所述金属膜的厚度与所述凸起部的高度之间的差的2倍。
14.根据权利要求10所述的半导体装置,其特征在于,
所述凸起部具有:第1凸起部,其为所述下部电极的一部分;以及第2凸起部,其设置于所述第1凸起部之上,由与所述下部电极不同的材料形成。
15.根据权利要求14所述的半导体装置,其特征在于,
所述第2凸起部的宽度小于或等于所述金属膜的厚度与所述第2凸起部的高度之间的差的2倍。
16.根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的半导体装置,其特征在于,
所述半导体基板由宽带隙半导体形成。
17.根据权利要求16所述的半导体装置,其特征在于,
所述宽带隙半导体为碳化硅、氮化镓类材料或金刚石。
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