CN112136262A - 具有用于控制无线电力信号的传播模式的选择性激活的馈源的环形天线 - Google Patents

具有用于控制无线电力信号的传播模式的选择性激活的馈源的环形天线 Download PDF

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CN112136262A
CN112136262A CN201980031816.1A CN201980031816A CN112136262A CN 112136262 A CN112136262 A CN 112136262A CN 201980031816 A CN201980031816 A CN 201980031816A CN 112136262 A CN112136262 A CN 112136262A
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wireless power
feed
feeding
signal
power transmitter
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S·卡比里
E·科纳罗斯
A·侯赛尼
M·A·利布曼
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Energous Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
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    • G06K19/0701—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management
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    • H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/245—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction provided with means for varying the polarisation 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/40—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with phasing matrix
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/005—Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means, e.g. mechanical integration of coils, antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • H02J50/402—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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Abstract

一种示例性无线电力发射器包括：(i)接地板，(ii)导电线，该导电线从该接地板偏移，该导电线形成环形天线，该环形天线被配置成辐射RF信号以对接收器设备进行无线供电，(iii)多个馈送元件，该多个馈送元件从该接地板延伸到该导电线，每个馈送元件在该导电线上的不同定位处连接到该导电线，以及(iv)功率放大器，该功率放大器连接到该多个馈送元件中的一个或多个馈送元件。该功率放大器被配置成基于该接收器设备相对于该多个馈送元件的位置将该RF信号选择性地馈送到该一个或多个馈送元件中的相应馈送元件。

Description

具有用于控制无线电力信号的传播模式的选择性激活的馈源 的环形天线
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及用于无线电力传输的环形天线，并且更具体地涉及具有用于控制无线电力信号的传播模式的选择性激活的馈源的环形天线。
背景技术
便携式电子设备(诸如，智能电话、平板计算机、笔记本电脑和其他电子设备等)已经成为与他人进行通信和交互的必需品。然而，频繁使用便携式电子设备会使用大量的电力，这会快速地耗尽附接到这些设备的电池。便携式设备中的感应充电垫和对应感应线圈允许用户通过将设备放置在感应垫上的特定定位处来对设备进行无线充电，以允许由于感应垫中的相应线圈与设备中的相应线圈之间的磁耦合而对设备进行基于接触的充电。
然而，传统的感应充电垫具有许多缺点。作为其中一个缺点，由于在充电垫的表面上存在间隙(“死区”或“冷区”)，因此用户通常必须将其设备放置在充电垫上的特定定位处和某一取向(orientation)上。换言之，为了充电最优，充电垫中的线圈需要与设备中的线圈对齐，以便发生所需的磁耦合。另外地，在感应充电垫附近放置其他金属物体可能会干扰感应充电垫的操作，因此，即使用户将其设备放置在精确的正确定位处，如果另一个金属物体也在该垫上，则仍可能不会发生磁耦合，并且设备将不会由感应充电垫充电。对于许多用户而言，这可能导致令人失望的体验，因为他们可能无法正确地为其设备充电。
使用电磁辐射(electromagnetic radiation)(例如，微波辐射波)进行充电提供了希望，但RF充电通常集中在远场充电，而不是其中将要充电的设备放置在RF能量发射器上或其附近的近场或中场充电。
发明内容
因此，需要一种无线充电解决方案，该解决方案(i)以中场距离(和各种其他距离)辐射能量，以便向接收器无线地输送电力，并且(ii)允许用户将其设备放置在垫上或垫附近的任何定位处，并且仍接收无线地输送的能量。下文描述了一种操作这种示例性无线电力发射器的方法。
在以下描述中，对“中场”传输的引用是指通过天线(例如，本文所描述的环形天线)进行的距离至大约天线的操作频率的波长(例如，5.8GHz操作频率的波长为大约5.17厘米，因此在此示例中，天线的中场传输距离为大约5.17厘米)的电磁波辐射。在一些实施例中，操作频率的范围为400MHz到60GHz。出于以下描述的目的，中场充电垫(或中场射频充电垫)是无线电力发射设备，该无线电力发射设备包括一个或多个无线电力发射器，该无线电力发射器中的每一个被配置成将电磁波辐射到位于充电垫的中场距离内(例如，如果充电垫的一个或多个无线电力发射器正在使用5.8GHz的操作频率，则位于在充电垫的0-5.17厘米内)的接收器设备。
(A1)在一些实施例中，一种对接收器设备进行无线充电的方法包括提供无线电力发射器，所述无线电力发射器包括：(i)接地板，(ii)导电线，所述导电线从所述接地板偏移，所述导电线形成环形天线，(iii)多个馈送元件，所述多个馈送元件从所述接地板延伸到所述导电线，每个馈送元件在所述导电线上的不同定位处连接到所述导电线，以及(iv)功率放大器，所述功率放大器连接到所述多个馈送元件中的一个或多个馈送元件。所述方法还包括：由所述功率放大器基于接收器设备相对于所述多个馈送元件的位置将RF信号选择性地馈送到所述一个或多个馈送元件中的相应馈送元件。所述方法还包括：(i)由所述功率放大器馈送的相应馈送元件激励所述导电线，以及(ii)由所述导电线辐射所述RF信号以对所述接收器设备进行无线供电。
(A2)在如A1所述的方法的一些实施例中，该方法还包括：(i)由无线电力发射器的控制器基于接收器设备相对于多个馈送元件的位置选择一个或多个馈送元件中的相应馈送元件，以及(ii)由控制器向功率放大器发送指令，该指令使功率放大器将RF信号馈送到相应馈送元件。
(A3)在如A2所述的方法的一些实施例中，该方法还包括由无线电力发射器的通信无线电装置从接收器设备的对应通信无线电装置接收通信信号。此外，该方法还包括至少部分地基于通信信号而由控制器确定接收器设备相对于多个馈送元件的位置。在一些实施例中，在A2的操作之前执行A3的操作。
(A4)在如A2至A3中任一项所述的方法的一些实施例中，该方法还包括由无线电力发射器的一个或多个传感器检测接收器设备的存在。此外，该方法还包括基于由一个或多个传感器生成的信息由控制器确定接收器设备相对于多个馈送元件的位置。在一些实施例中，确定接收器设备相对于多个馈送元件的位置是基于通信信号和由一个或多个传感器生成的信息的组合进行的。在一些实施例中，在A4的操作之前执行A2的操作。
(A5)在如A1至A4中任一项所述的方法的一些实施例中，辐射RF信号包括根据由功率放大器馈送多个馈送元件中的哪个相应馈送元件来以不同的传播模式(例如，辐射模式)从导电线辐射RF信号。
(A6)在如A5所述的方法的一些实施例中，RF信号以不同的传播模式从导电线辐射，其中，不同的传播方式至少部分地基于无线电力发射器的多个物理尺寸，多个物理尺寸包括：导电线的宽度；导电线的长度；导电线的厚度；导电线的直径；环形的形状；以及接地板与导电线之间的偏移的量值。
(A7)在如A5至A6中任一项所述的方法的一些实施例中，当相应馈送元件是一个或多个馈送元件中在第一位置处连接到导电线的第一馈送元件时，该方法还包括当接收器设备的位置在距第一位置第一阈值距离内时，经由功率放大器将RF信号馈送到第一馈送元件。
(A8)在如A7所述的方法的一些实施例中，辐射RF信号包括当一个或多个馈送元件中的第一馈送元件由功率放大器馈送时，以不同的传播模式中的第一传播模式从导电线辐射RF信号，其中，呈第一传播模式的高集中度的RF能量被引导朝向接收器设备的位置行进。
(A9)在如A5至A8中任一项所述的方法的一些实施例中，当相应馈送元件是一个或多个馈送元件中在不同于第一位置的第二位置处连接到导电线的不同于第一馈送元件的第二馈送元件时，该方法还包括当接收器设备位于在不同于该位置的第二位置处时，经由功率放大器将RF信号馈送到第二馈送元件，第二位置在距第二定位第二阈值距离内。
(A10)在如A9所述的方法的一些实施例中，辐射RF信号包括当一个或多个馈送元件中的第二馈送元件由功率放大器馈送时，以不同的传播模式中的第二传播模式辐射RF信号，其中，呈第二传播模式的高集中度的RF能量被引导朝向接收器设备的第二位置行进。
(A11)在如A10所述的方法的一些实施例中，以第一传播模式辐射的RF信号在第一方向上远离第一定位朝向接收器设备的位置传播，并且以第二传播模式辐射的RF信号在第二方向上远离第二定位朝向接收器设备的第二位置传播。在一些实施例中，第二方向不同于第一方向。在一些实施例中，第二方向与第一方向相同。
(A12)在如A8至A11中任一项所述的方法的一些实施例中，第一传播模式具有第一极化，并且第二传播模式具有第二极化。在一些实施例中，第二极化不同于第一极化。在一些实施例中，第二极化与第一极化相同。
(A13)在如A1至A12中任一项所述的方法的一些实施例中，接地板布置在第一平面中，导电线布置在第二平面中，并且第二平面实质上平行于第一平面。
(A14)在如A13所述的方法的一些实施例中，第二平面从第一平面偏移一段距离。
(A15)在如A13至A14中任一项所述的方法的一些实施例中，多个馈送元件中的每个馈送元件实质上垂直于第一平面和第二平面。
(A16)在如A1至A15中任一项所述的方法的一些实施例中，一个或多个馈送元件是一个或多个第一馈送元件，并且无线电力发射器还包括第二功率放大器，第二功率放大器连接到多个馈送元件中的一个或多个第二馈送元件。
(A17)在如A1至A16中任一项所述的方法的一些实施例中，一个或多个馈送元件包括至少两个馈送元件，并且馈送RF信号包括在确定接收器设备的位置在两个馈送元件之间时将RF信号馈送到至少两个馈送元件。
(A18)在如A1至A17中任一项所述的方法的一些实施例中，导电线包括多个连续区段，并且多个馈送元件中的每个馈送元件定位在多个连续区段中的相应的一对区段之间。
(A19)在如权利要求A18所述的方法的一些实施例中，多个连续区段中的一个或多个第一区段具有第一形状，并且多个连续区段中的一个或多个第二区段具有不同于第一形状的第二形状。
(A20)在如A17至A19中任一项所述的方法的一些实施例中，该方法还包括当多个馈送元件之一由功率放大器馈送时，经由多个连续区段中的一个或多个连续区段(或每个连续区段)辐射RF信号。
(A21)在如A1至A20中任一项所述的方法的一些实施例中，多个馈送元件被配置成在不同定位处向导电线提供RF信号。
(A22)在如A1至A21中任一项所述的方法的一些实施例中，RF信号以5.8GHz、2.4GHz或900MHz的频率传输。
(A23)在如A7和A9中任一项所述的方法的一些实施例中，RF信号具有波长，第一阈值距离和第二阈值距离在无线电力发射器的中场传输距离内，并且中场传输距离在来自无线电力发射器的RF信号的波长内。
(A24)在另一方面，提供了一种无线电力发射器，并且无线电力发射器包括上文在A1至A22中任一项中所描述的无线电力发射器的结构特性，并且无线电力发射器还被配置成执行上文在A1至A23中任一项中所描述的方法步骤。
(A25)在另一方面，提供了一种发射器垫，发射器垫包括A1至A23中任一项中所描述的无线电力发射器中的一个或多个无线电力发射器。在一些实施例中，发射器垫与一个或多个处理器以及存储一个或多个程序的存储器通信，当程序在由一个或多个处理器执行时使发射器垫执行A1至A23中任一项中所描述的方法。
(A26)在又另一方面，提供了一种发射器垫(包括A1到A23中任一项中所描述的无线电力发射器中的一个或多个无线电力发射器)，并且发射器垫包括用于执行A1至A23中任一项中所描述的方法的装置。
(A27)在仍另一方面，提供了一种非暂态计算机可读存储介质(例如，作为如外部或内部存储装置等与发射器垫进行通信的存储器设备)。非暂态计算机可读存储介质存储可执行指令，可执行指令当由具有一个或多个处理器/核的发射器垫(包括多个无线电力发射器)执行时，使发射器垫执行A1至A23中任一项中所描述所述的方法。
附图说明
本专利或申请文件包含至少一个彩色附图。经请求并且支付必要费用后，专利局将提供具有(多个)彩色附图的本专利或专利申请公开的副本。
为了可以更详细地理解本公开，可以通过参考各种实施例的特征来获得更具体的描述，在附图中图示了所述实施例中的一些实施例。然而，附图仅图示了本公开的相关特征，并且因此不应被认为是限制性的，因为该描述可承认其他有效特征。
图1A至图1B示出了根据一些实施例的代表性发射器垫的图。
图2是根据一些实施例的代表性发射器的示意图。
图3A是根据一些实施例的代表性无线电力发射器的俯视图。
图3B是根据一些实施例的图3A的代表性无线电力发射器的截面视图(沿线A-A1截取)。
图4是根据一些实施例的示出了对接收器设备进行无线充电的方法的流程图。
图5A至图5B示出了根据一些实施例的来自无线电力发射器的各种电力分配。
图6A至图6B示出了根据一些实施例的从无线电力发射器辐射的各种传播模式。
根据惯例，附图中图示的各种特征可能未按比例绘制。因此，为了清楚起见，可以任意地增大或减小各种特征的尺寸。另外，附图中的一些附图可能未描绘给定系统、方法或设备的所有部件。最后，在整个说明书和附图中，类似的附图标记可以用于表示类似的特征。
具体实施方式
为了提供对附图中图示的示例实施例的透彻理解，本文描述了大量细节。然而，可以在没有该具体细节中的许多具体细节的情况下实践一些实施例，并且权利要求的范围仅由在权利要求中具体叙述的那些特征和方面限制。此外，未详尽地描述已知的过程、部件和材料，以免不必要地模糊本文所述实施例的相关方面。
图1A是根据一些实施例的发射器垫100的高层次框图。发射器垫100(在本文中也可互换地被称为中场射频(RF)充电垫、中场充电垫或射频充电垫)包括部件102。发射器垫100被配置成生成电磁能量(例如，RF电力传输波/RF信号)，该电磁能量由放置在发射器垫100附近(例如，在中场距离内，诸如，如果垫的无线电力发射器当前正在使用2.4GHz的操作频率则距发射器垫100大约12.5厘米)或在发射垫100的顶部的接收器接收。在本文的描述中，RF电力传输波用作主要的说明性示例，但是鉴于这些描述，本领域普通技术人员将理解，在某些实施例或实施方式中，可以使用任何类型的电磁辐射波来代替。
发射器垫100的部件102包括例如一个或多个处理器/核104、存储器106、一个或多个发射器区110(每个发射器区包括相应的一个或多个无线电力发射器300，并且在图3A至图3B中图示了示例性发射器300)、一个或多个通信部件112和/或一个或多个发射器传感器114。在一些实施例中，这些部件102通过通信总线108互连。在一些实施例中，部件102被容纳在发射器垫100内。替代性地，在一些实施例中，部件102中的一个或多个部件布置在发射器垫100的外侧(例如，外部)。例如，一个或多个处理器104、存储器106、一个或多个通信部件112可以是外部的，而每个相应发射器区100的相应的一个或多个发射器300和一个或多个发射器传感器114可以是内部的(或部件的一些其他组合/布置)。
在一些实施例中，(多个)通信部件112包括例如能够使用各种无线协议(例如，IEEE 802.15.4、Wi-Fi、ZigBee、6LoWPAN、Thread、Z-Wave、Bluetooth Smart、ISA100.11a、WirelessHART、MiWi等)、有线协议(例如，以太网、HomePlug等)和/或任何其他合适的通信协议(包括截至本文档的提交日期尚未开发的通信协议)中的任一种进行数据通信的硬件。
在一些实施例中，通信部件112通过电子设备将通信信号传输到接收器120。例如，通信部件112可以将信息传送到电子设备的通信部件，电子设备进而可以将该信息传送到接收器120(例如，经由总线)。
在一些实施例中，接收器120包括通信部件，该通信部件被配置成通过由接收器侧通信部件生成的相应通信信号来与发射器垫100沟通(communicate)各种类型的数据。数据可以包括接收器120的位置指示符、电子设备的电力状态、接收器120的状态信息(例如，接收器120的无线电力接收天线的调谐频率、无线电力接收天线的极化等)、电子设备的状态信息(例如，电子设备的当前电池充电水平)、关于由垫100传输到接收器120的电力波的状态信息(例如，接收器120能够从电力波中提取的能量的量)。
在一些实施例中，由电子设备、接收器120和/或发射器垫100使用包含在通信信号中的数据来确定对由发射器300中的任一个用来传输电力波的一个或多个特性的调整。使用通信信号，发射器垫100接收数据，该数据用于例如标识发射器垫100上的接收器120，标识电子设备，确定电力波的安全且有效的波形特性，和/或确定要激活发射器300中的一个或多个发射器的哪一个馈源。
在一些实施例中，发射器垫100被设计成平放在表面上(例如，水平地)，而在一些实施例中，发射器垫100被设计成定位于相对于表面成角度(例如，实质上竖直)。在一些实施例中，发射器垫100的壳体被成形为使得当定位于实质上竖直的方式时发射器垫100是稳定的。此外，发射器垫100可以包括支架(例如，脚踢支架(kick stand))，该支架远离发射器垫100延伸以提供附加的支撑。
在一些实施例中，一个或多个发射器传感器114被定位于在发射器垫100上的一个或多个位置(例如，不特定于任何发射器区110)处。替代性地，在一些实施例中，一个或多个传感器114的第一组传感器是第一发射器区110-A的一部分，一个或多个传感器114的第二组传感器是第二发射器区110-B的一部分等。在这种布置中，各组传感器向一个或多个处理器104提供相应传感器信息，并且一个或多个处理器104使用传感器信息来确定接收器120相对于一个或多个发射器区110的位置。
发射器传感器114的非限制性示例包括例如红外传感器、热电传感器、超声传感器、激光传感器、光学传感器、多普勒传感器、陀螺仪、加速度计、微波传感器、毫米传感器、RF驻波传感器、谐振LC传感器、电容传感器、光传感器和/或电感式传感器，以及霍尔传感器。在一些实施例中，用于(多个)发射器传感器114的技术包括获取如人或其他敏感对象的位置等立体传感器数据的二进制传感器。
在一些实施例中，发射器垫100的存储器106存储一个或多个程序(例如，指令集)和/或数据结构，该程序和/或数据结构在本文中统称为“模块”。在一些实施例中，存储器106或存储器106的非暂态计算机可读存储介质存储以下模块107(例如，程序和/或数据结构)或其子集或超集：
·从接收器120接收的信息(例如，由接收器120的传感器生成，并且然后传输到发射器垫100，或者由接收器120(或与其耦接的电子设备)的通信部件生成，并且然后传输到发射器垫100)；
·从(多个)发射器传感器114接收的信息；
·RF电力传输信号生成模块，该RF电力传输信号生成模块用于生成和传输(例如，与相应(多个)发射器300结合)RF电力传输信号；和/或
·特性选择模块，该特性选择模块用于选择RF电力传输信号的波形特性。
上述模块(例如，包括指令集的数据结构和/或程序)无需实施为单独的软件程序、过程或模块，并且因此在各种实施例中可以组合或以其他方式重新布置这些模块的各个子集。在一些实施例中，存储器106存储上述模块的子集。此外，存储器106可以存储上文未描述的附加模块。在一些实施例中，在存储器106或存储器106的非暂态计算机可读存储介质中存储的模块提供用于实施下文描述的方法中的相应操作的指令。在一些实施例中，这些模块中的一些或全部模块可以用包含模块功能中的部分或全部模块功能的专用硬件电路来实施。上述元件中的一个或多个元件可以由(多个)处理器104中的一个或多个处理器执行。在一些实施例中，关于存储器106描述的模块中的一个或多个模块在服务器(未示出)的存储器上实施，该服务器通信地耦接到发射器垫100和/或通过电子设备和/或接收器120的存储器耦接。另外，存储器106可以存储其他信息，如某些阈值和标准以及某些接收器的标识符。
转到图1B，图示了发射器垫100的简化俯视图。图1B示出了接收器120(例如，在内部或外部耦接到电子设备的接收器)，该接收器放置在发射器垫100的顶部上并且然后从发射器300中的一个或多个发射器接收能量。在一些实施例中，接收器120包括用于从发射器垫100接收能量(例如，RF信号)的一个或多个天线，以及用于接收由发射器垫100发送的通信(或发送通信)的通信部件。接收器120的通信部件还可以包括能够使用上文参考(多个)通信部件112列出的各种无线协议进行数据通信的硬件。
接收器120将来自接收到的信号(本文中也被称为RF电力传输信号，或者简称为RF信号、电力波或电力传输信号)的能量转换成电能，以对耦接到接收器120的电子设备进行供电和/或充电。例如，接收器120使用电力转换电路将从电力波(经由无线电力接收器天线接收的)捕获到的能量转换成可用于对电子设备进行供电和/或充电的交流(AC)电或直流(DC)电。电力转换电路的非限制性示例可以包括整流器、整流电路、电压调节器以及其他合适的电路和设备。
在一些实施例中，接收器120是可拆卸地耦接到一个或多个电子设备的独立设备。例如，电子设备具有用于控制电子设备的一个或多个功能的(多个)处理器，并且接收器120具有用于控制接收器120的一个或多个功能的(多个)处理器。在一些实施例中，接收器120是电子设备的部件。例如，电子设备的(多个)处理器控制电子设备和接收器120的功能。另外，在一些实施例中，接收器120包括与电子设备的(多个)处理器通信的(多个)处理器。应注意的是，接收器120和电子设备的组合有时在本文中被简称为“接收器设备”。
在一些实施例中，接收器120直接从发射器垫100(并且具体地，从(多个)发射器300中的一个或多个发射器)接收一个或多个电力波。在一些实施例中，接收器120从由发射器垫100发射的一个或多个电力波中收集电力。如将在下文更详细地讨论的，一个或多个电力波在沿着定位在相应发射器区110内的相应发射器300的相应导电线202-A的一个或多个不同位置处生成，并且所生成的一个或多个电力波以特定的模式远离相应发射器300传播。在一些实施例中，发射器垫100是在其充电表面的中场距离内发射一个或多个电力波的中场发射器。
在一些实施例中，在从一个或多个电力波中收集能量之后(如下文更详细地讨论的)，接收器120的电路(例如，集成电路、放大器、整流器和/或电压调节器)将能量转换成可用电力(即，电)，该可用电力对与接收器120相关联的电子设备供电(和/或将可用电力存储在电子设备的电池中)。在一些实施例中，接收器120的整流电路将电能从AC转换为DC，以供电子设备使用。在一些实施例中，电压调节电路如电子设备所需的那样增大或减小电能的电压，并且可以产生恒定电压以便以电子设备所需的形式提供电。
在一些实施例中，多个电子设备可以定位在发射器垫100的表面上，每个电子设备具有用于从发射器垫100接收电力波的至少一个相应接收器120。在一些实施例中，发射器垫100调整电力波的一个或多个特性(例如，波形特性，诸如相位、增益、振幅、频率等)，并控制相应发射器110的哪些馈源被激活以便可控制地形成射频能量发射器到相应接收器120中的每个接收器的传播模式。
在一些实施例中，一个或多个发射器区110覆盖发射器垫100的表面积的全部或一部分。发射器区110还可以形成发射器垫100的顶表面(即，充电表面)。进一步，在一些实施例中，发射器垫100的一个或多个发射器区110和其他部件102可以包封在塑料或其他类型的覆盖物(例如，壳体)内。
在一些实施例中，发射器垫100的电路(未示出)(诸如控制器电路和/或波形发生器)可以至少部分地控制发射器110的行为。例如，基于通过通信信号从接收器120接收的信息(或由(多个)发射器传感器114收集的数据)，控制器电路(例如，控制器209，图2)可以确定用于发射将有效地向接收器120提供电力的电力波的一个或多个波形特性(例如，振幅、频率、方向、相位以及其他特性)的集合。控制器电路还可以标识将在发射电力波方面有效的一个或多个发射器区110(以及包括在其中的发射器300)(例如，接收器120可以定位在两个发射器区110之间，并且在这种情况下，定位在两个发射器区110内的相应发射器300可以被激活)。在标识出一个或多个发射器区110和/或定位在其中的特定发射器300时，控制器电路还可以基于接收器设备相对于多个馈送元件的位置从发射器300中的每个发射器选择一个或多个馈送元件中的相应馈送元件(例如，多个馈送元件204-A至204-D之一，图2)。在这样做时，控制器电路可以将指令发送到一个或多个发射器110的功率放大器，该指令使功率放大器将RF信号馈送到一个或多个发射器110的所选的相应馈送元件。
图2是根据一些实施例的代表性发射器区110的示意图。代表性发射器区110是发射器区110-A至110-N(图1B)之一的示例。为了易于说明，图2中的部件以特定布置图示，并且本领域技术人员将理解的是，其他布置也是可能的。此外，尽管图示了一些示例性特征，但是为了简洁起见并且以免混淆本文公开的示例实施方式的相关方面，没有图示各种其他特征。
作为非限制性示例，代表性发射器区110包括发射器300(该发射器包括天线元件202、多个馈源204-A、204-B、……、204-N和功率放大器206(或多个功率放大器))。代表性发射器区110的部件经由总线108耦接，或者部件彼此直接耦接。另外地，代表性发射器区110包括定位在功率放大器206与每个相应馈源204之间的开关208-A、208-B、……、208-N。在一些实施例中，代替使用开关将单个功率放大器206与多个馈源204耦接，多个功率放大器可以各自与单个馈源204直接耦接(或两个功率放大器可以各自经由图2所图示的开关布置与馈源中的一个或多个馈源耦接)。功率放大器和馈源的其他配置也在本公开的范围内，如本领域技术人员在阅读本文的描述时将容易理解的。
在一些实施例中，(多个)功率放大器206和任何开关208可以被配置为发射器300的一部分(未图示)，而在其他实施例中，(多个)功率放大器206和任何开关208可以被配置为在发射器300外部并且耦接到天线元件202的馈源(如图2所图示)。在一些实施例中，可以跨多个发射器区110共享功率放大器206。
天线元件202与多个馈源204-A、204-B、……、204-N耦接。在一些实施例中(如图3B所示)，天线元件202与馈源204-A、204-B、……、204-N中的每个馈源直接耦接。天线元件202用于辐射向接收器120提供无线输送的电力的一个或多个RF信号。在一些实施例中，当接收器定位在发射器区110的顶表面与远离发射器区110至发射器300的操作频率的波长之间的任何位置(例如，接收器120在发射器300的中场传输距离内)时，所辐射的一个或多个RF信号由接收器120接收。在一些实施例中，天线元件202是形成环形天线(例如，实质上连续的环形天线)的导电线。天线元件202可以由能够传导RF信号的合适的材料制成。
每个馈源204在天线元件202上的不同定位(例如，定位A至D，图3A)处与天线元件202耦接。例如，馈源204-A在第一定位处与天线元件202耦接，馈源204-B在第二定位处与天线202耦接等等。多个馈源204-A、204-B、……、204-N中的每个馈源在沿着天线元件202的特定定位处提供将由天线元件202辐射的一个或多个RF信号(如下文更详细地解释的)。每个馈源204可以由任何合适的导电材料(例如，铝、铜等)制成。
功率放大器用于通过闭合开关208-A、208-B、……、208-N中的一个或多个开关来选择性地向馈源204-A、204-B、……、204-N中的一个或多个馈送提供电力。可以根据接收器120相对于多个馈源204-A至204-D的位置指示功率放大器206(例如，通过控制器209)闭合开关208-A、208-B、……、208-N中的一个或多个开关中的相应开关。尽管未示出，但是开关208-A、208-B、……、208-N中的一个或多个开关可以是功率放大器的一部分(例如，在功率放大器的内部)。下文参考方法400进一步详细讨论功率放大器的操作。
在一些实施例中，功率放大器206与电源(未示出)耦接，并且功率放大器206从电源汲取能量以向馈源204-A、204-B、……、204-N中的一个或多个馈源提供RF信号。此外，在一些实施例(未示出)中，功率放大器206与RF电力发射器集成电路耦接(例如，RF集成电路可以是发射器区110的一部分或更一般地是发射器垫100的一部分)。RF集成电路被配置成生成合适的RF信号，并将该RF信号提供给功率放大器206，并且功率放大器206进而将RF信号提供给馈源204-A、204-B、……、204-N中的一个或多个馈源。在一些实施例中，RF集成电路包括用于生成RF信号，从而适于传输到RF接收器120的RF振荡器和/或频率调制器(例如，RF信号具有适当的功率电平、频率等，以确保最大量的能量从发射器300传递到RF接收器120)。
在一些实施例中，功率放大器206耦接到内部或外部(相对于发射器垫100)控制器209，并且进而耦接到一个或多个处理器104(图1A)。在一些实施例中，控制器209和一个或多个处理器104不是特定发射器区110的一部分(例如，控制器209总体上是发射器垫100的内部部件，并且与发射器区110中的每个发射器区通信)。替代性地，在一些实施例中，相应控制器209和相应的一个或多个处理器104各自在内部与相应发射器区110中的每个发射器区相关联。控制器209和一个或多个处理器104被配置成控制功率放大器206的操作。例如，控制器209或一个或多个处理器104可以基于接收器120相对于馈源204-A、204-B、……、204-N的位置来选择馈源204-A、204-B、……、204-N的相应馈源。进一步，控制器209可以向功率放大器206发送指令，该指令使功率放大器206将一个或多个RF信号馈送到基于接收器的位置而选择的相应馈源。
在一些实施例中，控制器209(或其部件，例如，一个或多个处理器104)使用由一个或多个通信部件112接收和/或由一个或多个发射器传感器114检测的信息来确定接收器120相对于馈源204-A、204-B、……、204-N的位置。下文参考方法400进一步详细讨论确定接收器120的位置。
图3A至图3B图示了根据一些实施例的代表性发射器300的各种视图。发射器300是包括在发射器区110之一(图1A和图2)中的示例无线电力发射器。如所示出的，发射器300包括接地板210、天线元件202和多个馈源204-A至204-D。应当注意的是，代表性发射器300及其各种部件可能未按比例绘制。此外，尽管图示了一些示例特征，但是为了简洁起见并且以免混淆本文公开的示例性实施方式的相关方面，没有图示各种其他特征。
接地板限定了多个开口212-A至212-D，其中，多个开口212-A至212-D中的每个开口的大小被确定为接收并容纳多个馈源204之一。开口的数量对应于馈源的数量。在一些实施例中，接地板210形成发射器垫100的底表面。接地板210可以由本领域技术人员已知的各种材料制成。如下文所解释的，发射器300可以根据情况包括任何数量的馈源。
天线元件202从接地板偏移(例如，距离(D)，图3B)。在这种布置中，接地板210限定第一平面(例如，第一水平面：底表面)，并且天线元件202限定从第一平面偏移的第二平面(例如，第二水平面：顶表面)。在接地板210与天线元件202之间形成间隙。
多个馈源204-A至204-D中的每个馈源布置在多个开口212-A至212-D中的相应开口中，并且馈源204-A至204-D中的每个馈源在沿着导电线202-A的不同定位处连接到天线元件202。在这种布置中，馈源204-A至204-D沿着天线元件202的长度支撑天线元件204。例如，参考图3B，馈源204-A和204-B穿过其相应开口212-A和212-B延伸到天线元件202，并且在这样做时，在结构上支撑天线元件202。多个馈源204-A至204-D中的每个馈源实质上垂直于接地板210和天线元件202(例如，多个馈源204-A至204-D中的每个馈源沿相应竖直轴线布置，而导电板和天线元件沿相应水平轴线/平面布置)。尽管在图3A中示出了四个馈源，但是发射器300可以根据情况包括任何数量的馈源(例如，可以小于或大于四个馈源)。
在一些实施例中，天线元件202包括多个连续的区段202-A至202-D，并且多个馈源204-A至204-D中的每个馈源定位在相应相邻区段对之间(例如，定位在相邻区段的邻接端之间)。例如，多个馈源204中的第一馈源204-A定位在多个连续区段的第三区段202-C与第四区段202-D(即，第一相应相邻区段对)之间，多个馈源204中的第二馈源204-B定位在多个连续区段的第四区段202-D与第一区段202-A(即，第二相应相邻区段对)之间，等等。在这种布置中，多个馈源204-A至204-D中的每个馈源与两个区段机械地(和电气地)耦接。
在一些实施例(未图示)中，多个连续区段202-A至202-D中的每个区段的形状实质上相同(例如，每个区段是矩形或一些其他形状)。在一些实施例中，多个连续区段202-A至202-D中的至少一个区段的形状不同于多个连续区段202-A至202-D中的其他区段的形状。例如，区段202-B和202-D具有第一形状(例如，矩形)，而区段202-A和202-C具有与第一形状不同的第二形状。应当注意的是，可以使用形状的各种组合来形成天线元件202的连续区段，并且图3A所示的形状仅是示例。
图3B是根据一些实施例的图3A的代表性发射器300的截面视图(沿线A-A1截取)。馈源204-A和202-B与天线元件202的两个区段直接耦接(尽管未示出，但是馈源204-C和204-D具有相同的布置)。如放大视图311所示，第四区段202-D在第一连接点312处与馈源204-B直接耦接，并且第一区段202-A在第二连接点314处与馈源204-B直接耦接(其他馈源以类似的方式连接到相应区段)。在这种布置中，当功率放大器206将RF信号馈送到馈源204-B时，RF信号沿着馈源204-B行进，并且然后行进穿过天线元件202的区段202-A至202-D。
根据选择馈源204中的哪个馈源被功率放大器206馈送，天线元件202被配置成以不同的传播模式和集中度(concentration)辐射RF能量。在一些情况下，高集中度的所辐射RF能量在距(多个)所选馈源中场距离处产生。在一些情况下，“高集中度”的RF能量包括大约50％的所辐射能量，尽管可以实现更大或更小的百分比。例如，参考图5A，当功率放大器206将RF信号馈送到馈源204-C(图5A中示意性示出)时，由发射器300辐射的高集中度的能量在距天线202中场距离D1处产生。在图5B中示出了用于激活馈源204-D的类似结果。
在一些实施例中，通过激活馈源之一(例如，上文示例中的馈源204-D)，可以在未被激活的馈源中的每个馈源处引入阻抗改变(例如，在上文示例中馈源204-A、204-B和204-C未被激活，从而在这些馈源接触天线元件202的相应点处沿天线元件引入阻抗)。不同馈源的选择性激活还可以帮助引导RF能量沿其远离发射器300辐射的方向。例如，如图6A所示，当仅馈源204-C被激活时，则RF能量在实质上向右移动的方向上(从面向发射器300的顶表面或发射器300位置于其中的发射器区110的顶表面的角度来看)远离发射器300辐射。作为另一个示例，如图6B所示，当仅馈源204-D被激活时，则RF能量在实质上向左移动的方向(从面向发射器300的顶表面或发射器300位置于其中的发射器区110的顶表面的角度来看)上远离发射器300辐射。以这种方式，以如下方式配置发射器300：可以控制RF能量的辐射以确保更高集中度的RF能量到达目标接收器120(该目标接收器可以被定位成远离发射器300或发射器300位置于其中的发射器区110直至波长)。
图3B中图示的连接点布置仅是天线元件202与馈源204的一种可能布置。在替代性实施例中，每个馈源204-A至204-D可以在单个连接点处与天线元件202直接耦接。在此替代性实施例中，天线元件202不被划分成多个连续区段，而是连续天线元件202。在此替代性实施例中，每个馈源204-A至204-D仅在相应第二连接点处连接到连续天线元件202，并且每个相应第二连接点在沿天线元件的导电线202的不同定位处。
如下文参考图4更详细地解释的，天线元件202被配置成根据由功率放大器206馈送多个馈送元件204中的哪个馈送元件来以不同的传播模式辐射RF信号(或多个RF信号)(图2)。在一些情况下，天线元件202的物理尺寸(以及发射器300的其他物理尺寸)指示(或至少部分地指示)所产生的传播模式。物理尺寸包括但不限于天线元件202的宽度(W)、天线元件202的长度(L3)、天线元件202的高度(L1)、天线元件202的一个或多个区段的长度(L2)、天线元件202的厚度(T)、天线元件202的形状以及接地板210与天线元件202之间的偏移的量值(D)。
在一些实施例中，根据要由天线元件202辐射的一个或多个RF信号的波长(λ)和频率来限定每个物理尺寸的值。根据应用，发射器垫100可以包括发射器300，该发射器的尺寸被确定尺寸为使得RF信号以400MHz(λ＝0.75米)到60GHz(λ＝0.005米)范围内的一个或多个频率进行发射。因此，当以900MHz(λ＝0.333米)的频率操作时，发射器300的示例性天线元件202的宽度(W)为大约.005994米(即，大约6mm)，示例性天线元件202的高度(L1)为大约.0333米(即，大约33mm)，示例性天线元件202的长度(L3)为大约.11655米(即，大约116.5mm)，示例性天线元件202的区段202-B和区段202-D的长度(L2)为大约.04995米(即，大约50mm)，接地板210与示例性天线元件202之间的偏移的量值(D)为大约.02331米(即，大约23.3mm)，示例性天线元件202的每个馈源204的长度(LF)为大约.02731米(即，大约27.3mm)。此外，示例性天线元件202的接地板210的高度和长度可以分别为.04995米(即，大约50mm)和.14985米(即，大约150mm)。在一些实施例中，厚度(T)等于或小于示例性天线元件202的宽度(W)。本领域技术人员将理解，上文的尺寸仅是一个示例。根据情况，各种其他尺寸也是可能的。
操作方法
图4是根据一些实施例的示出无线电力传输方法的流程图。方法400的操作(例如，步骤)可以由发射器垫的控制器(例如，图2的发射器垫100的控制器209)执行，发射器垫包括一个或多个发射器区(例如，发射器区110，图1A至图1B；其各自包括相应的一个或多个发射器300，图3A)。图4中所示的操作中的至少一些操作对应于存储在计算机存储器或计算机可读存储介质(例如，发射器垫100的存储器106，图1A)中的指令。
方法400包括提供(402)无线电力发射器(例如，发射器300，图3A)，该无线电力发射器包括：(i)接地板(例如，接地板210，图3A)，(ii)导电线(例如，天线元件202，图3A)，该导电线从接地板偏移，该导电线形成环形天线，(iii)多个馈送元件(例如，馈源204-A至204-D，图3A)，该多个馈送元件从接地板延伸到导电线，每个馈送元件在导电线上的不同定位(例如，定位A至D，图3A)处连接到导电线，以及(iv)功率放大器(例如，功率放大器206，图2)，该功率放大器连接到多个馈送元件中的一个或多个馈送元件。在一些实施例中，接地板包括多个开口(例如，开口212-A至212-D，图3A)，并且多个馈源中的每个馈源布置在多个开口中的相应开口中(例如，如图3A和图3B所示)。上文参考图3A和图3B更详细地讨论了无线电力发射器的结构方面。
在一些实施例中，方法400还包括由无线电力发射器的控制器(例如，控制器209或其部件，如一个或多个处理器104，图2)基于接收器设备相对于多个馈送元件的位置来选择(404)一个或多个馈送元件中的相应馈送元件。例如，参考图3A，如果接收器设备定位成相对于其他馈送元件204-B至204-D最靠近馈送元件204-A，则控制器选择馈送元件204-A。在一些情况下，接收器设备定位在多个馈送元件中的两个或更多个馈送元件之间。在这种情况下，方法400可以包括由控制器基于接收器设备相对于多个馈送元件的位置来选择至少两个馈送元件。进一步，在某些情况下，控制器可以选择多个馈送元件中的所有馈送元件。
在一些实施例中，方法400还包括由控制器向功率放大器发送(406)指令，该指令使功率放大器将RF信号馈送到相应馈送元件。例如，参考图2，如果相应馈送元件是馈源204-A，则控制器209发送指令(例如，经由总线108)，该指令使功率放大器闭合开关208-A，并且进而将RF信号馈送到馈源204-A。
在一些实施例中，无线电力发射器包括通信无线电装置(例如，通信部件112，图1A)，并且方法400还包括从接收器设备的对应通信无线电装置接收通信信号。进一步，控制器(或其部件)可以基于通信信号(例如，使用通信信号所包括的信息或由通信信号指示的信息)来确定接收器设备相对于多个馈送元件的位置。在一些实施例中，在选择(404)和发送(406)之前执行接收和确定。在一些实施例中，控制器基于通信信号的信号强度、三角测量和/或响应时间来确定接收器设备相对于多个馈送元件的位置(例如，接收器设备在发送通信信号时对该通信信号加时间戳，然后将其与在无线电力发射器处接收到通信信号时该通信信号的时间戳进行比较)。也可以使用附加位置确定技术。
在一些实施例中，无线电力发射器包括一个或多个传感器(例如，发射器传感器114，图1A)，并且方法400还包括经由一个或多个传感器检测接收器设备的存在。进一步，控制器(或其部件)可以基于由一个或多个传感器生成的信息来确定接收器设备相对于多个馈送元件的位置。在一些实施例中，在选择(404)和发送(406)之前执行检测和确定。在一些实施例中，一个或多个传感器包括压力传感器、红外传感器、电磁传感器、声学传感器、电容式传感器、光传感器、电感式传感器和霍尔传感器中的一个或多个。作为示例，当接收器设备定位在无线电力发射器上或附近时，光传感器可以检测到无线电力发射器附近的光变化。在另一个示例中(除了先前示例之外或与之分离)，当接收器设备定位在无线电力发射器上或附近时，红外传感器可以检测到无线电力发射器附近的温度变化。在一些实施例中，从多个传感器收集的信息可以用于确定接收器设备的位置。
在一些实施例中，多个馈源中的每个馈源与相应传感器相关联(例如，相应传感器定位在馈源附近(或可能在其上)，并且相应传感器在馈源附近获取读数)。以这种方式，可以(例如，通过一个或多个处理器104)比较来自每个传感器中的读数，并且控制器可以基于比较来确定接收器设备相对于多个馈送元件的位置。例如，如果相对于在其他馈源处发生的光变化，在馈源204-A处发生最大的光变化，则控制器可以确定接收器设备被定位成最靠近馈源204-A。
在一些实施例中，控制器使用两种或更多种形式的信息来确定接收器设备相对于多个馈送元件的位置(例如，信号强度与热成像数据组合，或一些其他基于通信和基于传感器的信息的组合)。
方法400还包括：由功率放大器基于接收器设备相对于多个馈送元件的位置将RF信号选择性地馈送(408)到一个或多个馈送元件中的相应馈送元件。例如，参考图3A，一个或多个馈送元件202-A至202-D中的第一馈送元件204-A在第一定位(例如，定位A)处连接到导电线202，并且一个或多个馈送元件202-A至202-D中与第一馈送元件202-A不同的第二馈送元件202-B在第二定位(例如，定位B)处连接到导电线202。在这种配置中，功率放大器：(i)当接收器设备的位置在距第一定位阈值距离内时，可以将RF信号馈送到第一馈送元件，并且(ii)当接收器设备的位置在距第二定位阈值距离内时，可以将RF信号馈送到第二馈送元件。在一些实施例中，将RF信号馈送到一个或多个馈送元件包括在确定接收器设备的位置介于两个馈送元件之间时，将RF信号馈送到多个馈送元件中的两个馈送元件。
在一些实施例中，响应于功率放大器从控制器接收指令来执行选择性馈送操作(408)。
方法400还包括：(i)由功率放大器馈送的相应馈送元件激励(410)导电线，以及然后(ii)由导电线辐射(412)RF信号以对接收器设备进行无线供电。导电线可以根据由功率放大器馈送多个馈送元件中的哪个相应馈送元件来以不同的传播模式从导电线辐射RF信号。例如，当一个或多个馈送元件中的第一馈送元件由功率放大器馈送时，导电线以不同的传播模式中的第一传播模式从导电线辐射RF信号。在此示例中，在距馈源204-C中场距离处产生呈第一传播模式的高集中度的所辐射RF能量。在一些情况下，“高集中度”的RF能量包括大约50％的所辐射能量，尽管可以实现更大或更小的百分比。而且，呈第一传播模式的一个集中度的RF能量在第一馈送元件周围形成，并且第一传播模式在第一方向(或一组第一方向)上远离第一馈送元件朝向接收器设备的位置传播。为了说明，参考图5A，高集中度的所辐射RF能量504在距馈源204-C中场距离(例如，距离D1)处产生。此外，参考图6A，从将RF信号馈送到馈源204-C所产生的RF能量的传播模式600实质上向右移动以使RF能量朝向接收器设备的位置行进，在此示例中，该接收器设备的位置将定位在中场距离处。以这种方式，方法400允许选择性地激活环形天线的各个馈送元件，以确保RF能量以使得足够高集中度的RF能量被最佳地朝向接收器设备的位置传播的方式传播。
在另一个示例中，当一个或多个馈送元件中的第二馈送元件由功率放大器馈送时，导电线可以以不同的传播模式中的第二传播模式辐射RF信号。在此示例中，呈第二传播模式的高集中度的RF能量在距馈源204-D中场距离处产生。而且，呈第二传播模式的一个集中度的RF能量在第二馈送元件周围形成，并且第二传播模式在第二方向(或一组第二方向)上远离第二馈送元件朝向接收器设备的位置传播。为了说明，参考图5B，高集中度的RF能量514在距馈源204-D中场距离(例如，距离D2)处产生。而且，参考图6B，从将RF信号馈送到馈源204-D所产生的传播模式610使RF能量沿实质上向左的方向移动以使RF能量朝向接收器设备的第二位置行进，在此示例中，该接收器设备的第二位置将定位在中场距离处。
在一些实施例中，无线电力发射器被配置成使得在使用中第一传播模式具有第一极化，并且第二传播模式具有第二极化。在一些实施例中，该第二极化不同于该第一极化。
在一些实施例中，不同的传播方式至少部分地基于无线电力发射器的多个物理尺寸。多个物理尺寸可以包括但不限于：(i)导电线的宽度(例如，宽度(W)，图3A)、(ii)导电线的长度(例如，长度(L3)，图3A)、(iii)导电线的高度(例如，高度(L1)，图3A)、(iv)导电线的厚度(例如，厚度(T)，图3B)、(v)环形的形状、以及(vi)接地板与导电线之间的偏移的量值(例如，偏移(D)，图3B)。上文参考图3A和图3B更详细地讨论了导电线(例如，天线元件202)的物理特性。
在一些实施例中，导电线包括多个连续区段(例如，区段202-A至202-D，图3A)，并且多个馈送元件中的每个馈送元件定位在多个连续区段中的相应的一对相邻区段之间(例如，馈源204-A定位在区段202-C与202-D之间)。进一步，在一些实施例中，多个连续区段中的一个或多个第一区段具有第一形状，并且多个连续区段中的一个或多个第二区段具有不同于第一形状的第二形状。在一些实施例中，当多个馈送元件之一由功率放大器馈送时，多个连续区段中的每个区段都辐射RF信号。上文参考图3A至图3B更详细地讨论了多个连续区段。
图5A至图5B示出了根据一些实施例的来自发射器(例如，发射器300，图3A)的各种电力分布。在图5A中，当馈源204-C被激活(例如，由功率放大器206馈送)时，馈源204-C激励天线元件202，并且天线元件202辐射具有图示电力分布503的RF信号。电力分布503图示了距天线元件202中场距离(D1)处的RF信号的集中度。如所示出的，RF信号在距天线元件202(并且更具体地，馈源204-C)中场距离(D1)处具有高集中度504。在图5B中，当馈源204-D被激活(例如，由功率放大器206馈送)时，馈源204-D激励天线元件202，并且天线元件202辐射具有图示电力分布513的RF信号。如电力分布513所图示的，RF信号在距天线元件202(并且更具体地，馈源204-D)中场距离(D2)处具有高集中度514。在一些情况下，“高集中度”包括大约50％的所辐射RF能量。
图6A至图6B示出了根据一些实施例的从发射器辐射的各种传播模式600和610。图6A至图6B所示的传播模式600和610对应于图5A至图5B所示和所描述的电力分布。例如，传播模式600由馈源204-C被激活而产生，并且传播模式610由馈源204-D被激活而产生。如上文参考方法400所描述的，发射器被配置成使得呈第一传播模式的一个集中度的RF能量可以在第一方向(或第一方向集合)上传播，并且呈第二传播模式的一个集中度的RF能量可以在第二方向(或第二方向集合)上传播。例如，至少对于传播模式600的具有高集中度的RF能量的部分，传播模式600实质上指向右侧，而至少对于传播模式610的具有高集中度的RF能量的部分，传播模式610实质上指向左侧。因此，当接收器120定位在例如发射器的右侧并且在距发射器预定义距离内(例如，在距发射器中场距离内)时，发射器可以选择性地激活其馈源之一，以将RF能量引导到发射器的右侧。
在一些实施例中，发射器通过改变RF信号的一个或多个特性来动态地调整传播模式600和610的形状和/或方向。例如，一个或多个特性可以包括但不限于频率、增益、振幅和相位。在这样做时，参考传播模式600，发射器可以调整一个或多个特性中的一个或多个，以使传播模式600指向更右侧或更左侧(或可能更上或更下，或其组合)。发射器可以根据接收器120相对于发射器的一个或多个馈源的位置来调整传播模式的形状和/或方向。另外，发射器的物理尺寸影响所产生的传播模式600和610(例如，具有第一宽度(W)的天线元件可能趋向于产生第一传播模式，并且具有第二宽度(W)的天线元件可能趋向于产生与第一传播模式不同的第二传播模式)。上文参考图3A至图3B讨论的各种其他尺寸也可能影响所产生的传播模式600和610。
制造方法
一种制造无线电力发射器(例如，发射器300，图3A)的方法包括提供接地板(例如，接地板210，图3A)以及从接地板移除材料以在接地板中限定一个或多个开口(例如，孔)(例如，开口212-A至212-D)。一个或多个开口的大小被确定为接收馈送元件(例如，馈源204-A至204-D)。在一些实施例中，使用钻孔操作执行移除。该方法还包括在一个或多个开口中的每个开口中布置/附接馈源，使得无线电力发射器包括一个或多个馈源。在一些实施例中，每个馈源被机械地和/或化学地(例如，使用粘合剂)附接到其相应开口。一个或多个馈源实质上垂直于接地板并远离接地板延伸，如图3B所示。该方法还包括将天线元件(例如，天线元件202)附接到一个或多个馈源。在一些实施例中，天线元件被机械地和/或化学地附接到馈源。上文参考图3B进一步详细地讨论了天线元件与馈送元件之间的连接点。天线元件可以从接地板偏移一段距离(例如，偏移的量值(D)，图3B)。在一些实施例中，天线元件基本平行于接地板。
在一些实施例中，使用上文的方法制造一个或多个无线电力发射器，并将其分组在一起以形成发射垫100(即，无线电力发射器的阵列)。在一些实施例中，接地板可以是由一个或多个无线电力发射器使用的单个接地板。替代性地，在一些实施例中，一个或多个无线电力发射器中的每个无线电力发射器具有不同的接地板。无线电力发射器阵列可以通过将每个无线电力发射器定位在相应发射器区内，并且然后将每个发射器区中的部件与用于发射器垫的公共控制器互连来形成。
在本文中本发明的说明书中使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施例的目的，并且不旨在对本发明做出限制。如本发明的说明书和所附权利要求中使用的，单数形式“一个(a)”、“一种(an)”和“所述(the)”旨在也包括复数形式，除非上下文另有明确指示。还将理解的是，本文所使用的术语“和/或”是指并涵盖相关联列举项目中的一个或多个项目的任何和所有可能组合。将进一步理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包括(comprises)”和/或“包括(comprising)”时，其指定陈述的特征、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件的存在，但不排除一个或多个其他特征、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或它们的组的存在或添加。
出于解释的目的，已经参考特定实施例描述了前述描述。然而，以上说明性的讨论并非旨在是穷举的或将本发明限制于所公开的精确形式。鉴于以上教导，许多修改和变化是可能的。选择并描述这些实施例以便最好地解释本发明的原理及其实际应用，由此使得本领域其他技术人员能够最好地利用本发明以及具有适合于预期的特定用途的各种修改的各种实施例。

Claims (24)

1.一种无线电力发射器，包括：
接地板；
导电线，所述导电线从所述接地板偏移，所述导电线形成环形天线，所述环形天线被配置成辐射RF信号以对接收器设备进行无线供电；
多个馈送元件，所述多个馈送元件从所述接地板延伸到所述导电线，其中，每个馈送元件在所述导电线上的不同定位处连接到所述导电线；以及
功率放大器，所述功率放大器连接到所述多个馈送元件中的一个或多个馈送元件，所述功率放大器被配置成基于所述接收器设备相对于所述多个馈送元件的位置将所述RF信号选择性地馈送到所述一个或多个馈送元件中的相应馈送元件。
2.如权利要求1所述的无线电力发射器，还包括控制器，所述控制器被配置成：
基于所述接收器设备相对于所述多个馈送元件的位置，选择所述一个或多个馈送元件中的相应馈送元件；以及
向所述功率放大器发送指令，所述指令使所述功率放大器将所述RF信号馈送到所述相应馈送元件。
3.如权利要求1至2中任一项所述的无线电力发射器，还包括：通信无线电装置，所述通信无线电装置被配置成从所述接收器设备的对应通信无线电装置接收通信信号，
其中，所述控制器还被配置成基于所述通信信号来确定所述接收器设备相对于所述多个馈送元件的位置。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的无线电力发射器，还包括传感器，所述传感器被配置成检测所述接收器设备的存在，
其中，所述控制器还被配置成基于由所述传感器生成的信息来确定所述接收器设备相对于所述多个馈送元件的位置。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的无线电力发射器，其中，所述导电线被配置成根据由所述功率放大器馈送所述多个馈送元件中的哪个相应馈送元件来以不同的传播模式从所述导电线辐射所述RF信号。
6.如权利要求5所述的无线电力发射器，其中，所述导电线被配置成基于所述无线电力发射器的多个物理尺寸以所述不同的传播模式从所述导电线辐射所述RF信号，所述多个物理尺寸包括：
所述导电线的宽度；
所述导电线的长度；
所述导电线的高度；
所述导电线的厚度；
所述环形的形状；以及
所述接地板与所述导电线之间的偏移的量值。
7.如权利要求5至6中任一项所述的无线电力发射器，其中：
当所述相应馈送元件是所述一个或多个馈送元件中在第一定位处连接到所述导电线的第一馈送元件时，所述功率放大器还被配置成当所述接收器设备的位置在距所述第一定位第一阈值距离内时，将所述RF信号馈送到所述第一馈送元件。
8.如权利要求7所述的无线电力发射器，其中：
所述导电线被配置成当所述一个或多个馈送元件中的所述第一馈送元件由所述功率放大器馈送时，以所述不同的传播模式中的第一传播模式从所述导电线辐射所述RF信号，
其中，呈所述第一传播模式的高集中度的RF能量被引导朝向所述接收器设备的位置行进。
9.如权利要求5至8中任一项所述的无线电力发射器，其中：
当所述相应馈送元件是所述一个或多个馈送元件中在不同于所述第一定位的第二定位处连接到所述导电线的不同于所述第一馈送元件的第二馈送元件时，所述功率放大器还被配置成当所述接收器设备定位在不同于所述位置的第二位置处时，将所述RF信号馈送到所述第二馈送元件，所述第二位置在距所述第二定位第二阈值距离内。
10.如权利要求9所述的无线电力发射器，其中：
所述导电线被配置成当所述一个或多个馈送元件中的所述第二馈送元件由所述功率放大器馈送时，以所述不同的传播模式中的第二传播模式辐射所述RF信号，
其中，呈所述第二传播模式的高集中度的RF能量被引导朝向所述接收器设备的所述第二位置行进。
11.如权利要求10所述的无线电力发射器，其中，所述无线电力发射器被配置成使得在使用中：
以所述第一传播模式辐射的所述RF信号在第一方向上远离所述第一定位朝向所述接收器设备的位置传播；
以所述第二传播模式辐射的所述RF信号在第二方向上远离所述第二定位朝向所述接收器设备的所述第二位置传播；并且
所述第二方向不同于所述第一方向。
12.如权利要求8至11中任一项所述的无线电力发射器，其中，所述无线电力发射器被配置成使得在使用中：
所述第一传播模式具有第一极化；
所述第二传播模式具有第二极化；并且
所述第二极化不同于所述第一极化。
13.如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的无线电力发射器，其中：
所述接地板布置在第一平面中；
所述导电线布置在第二平面中；并且
所述第二平面大体平行于所述第一平面。
14.如权利要求13所述的无线电力发射器，其中，所述第二平面从所述第一平面偏移一段距离。
15.如权利要求13至14中任一项所述的无线电力发射器，其中，所述多个馈送元件中的每个馈送元件大体垂直于所述第一平面和所述第二平面。
16.如权利要求1至15中任一项所述的无线电力发射器，其中：
所述一个或多个馈送元件是一个或多个第一馈送元件；
所述无线电力发射器还包括第二功率放大器，所述第二功率放大器连接到所述多个馈送元件中的一个或多个第二馈送元件。
17.如权利要求1至16中任一项所述的无线电力发射器，其中：
所述一个或多个馈送元件包括至少两个馈送元件；并且
所述功率放大器还被配置成在确定所述接收器设备的位置介于所述两个馈送元件之间时，将所述RF信号馈送到所述至少两个馈送元件。
18.如权利要求1至17中任一项所述的无线电力发射器，其中：
所述导电线包括多个连续区段；并且
所述多个馈送元件中的每个馈送元件定位在所述多个连续区段中的相应的一对区段之间。
19.如权利要求18所述的无线电力发射器，其中：
所述多个连续区段中的一个或多个第一区段具有第一形状；并且
所述多个连续区段中的一个或多个第二区段具有不同于所述第一形状的第二形状。
20.如权利要求17至19中任一项所述的无线电力发射器，其中，所述多个连续区段中的每个连续区段被配置成当所述多个馈送元件之一由所述功率放大器馈送时辐射所述RF信号。
21.如权利要求1至20中任一项所述的无线电力发射器，其中，所述多个馈送元件被配置成在所述不同定位处向所述导电线提供所述RF信号。
22.如权利要求7或9中任一项所述的无线电力发射器，其中：
所述RF信号具有波长，
所述第一阈值距离和所述第二阈值距离在所述无线电力发射器的中场传输距离内，并且
所述中场传输距离在来自所述无线电力发射器的所述RF信号的所述波长内。
23.一种对接收器设备进行无线充电的方法，所述方法包括：
提供无线电力发射器，所述无线电力发射器包括：
接地板；
导电线，所述导电线从所述接地板偏移，所述导电线形成环形天线；
多个馈送元件，所述多个馈送元件从所述接地板延伸到所述导电线，每个馈送元件在所述导电线上的不同定位处连接到所述导电线；以及
功率放大器，所述功率放大器连接到所述多个馈送元件中的一个或多个馈送元件；
由所述功率放大器基于接收器设备相对于所述多个馈送元件的位置将RF信号选择性地馈送到所述一个或多个馈送元件中的相应馈送元件；
由所述功率放大器馈送的所述相应馈送元件激励所述导电线；以及
由所述导电线辐射所述RF信号以对所述接收器设备进行无线供电。
24.一种发射器垫，包括：
多个无线电力发射器，其中，所述多个无线电力发射器中的每个无线电力发射器包括：
接地板；
导电线，所述导电线从所述接地板偏移，所述导电线形成环形天线，所述环形天线被配置成辐射RF信号以对接收器设备进行无线供电；
多个馈送元件，所述多个馈送元件从所述接地板延伸到所述导电线，其中，每个馈送元件在所述导电线上的不同定位处连接到所述导电线；以及
功率放大器，所述功率放大器连接到所述多个馈送元件中的一个或多个馈送元件，所述功率放大器被配置成基于所述接收器设备相对于所述多个馈送元件的位置将所述RF信号选择性地馈送到所述一个或多个馈送元件。
CN201980031816.1A 2018-03-14 2019-03-12 具有用于控制无线电力信号的传播模式的选择性激活的馈源的环形天线 Pending CN112136262A (zh)

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