CN111919656A - Method for planting sarcandra glabra in camellia oleifera forest in imitating wild mode - Google Patents
Method for planting sarcandra glabra in camellia oleifera forest in imitating wild mode Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting sarcandra glabra in a camellia oleifera forest in an imitating wild way, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting land and preparing land; s2, sowing; s3, thinning the seedlings; s4, intertillage weeding; and S5, topdressing. The method combines the poverty-relieving planting industry of the Xiangxi camellia oleifera forest, carries out imitation wild planting on the sarcandra glabra under the camellia oleifera forest, utilizes the wide space under the camellia oleifera forest and the yin-loving biological characteristics of the sarcandra glabra, realizes forest-drug combination, improves the economic value of land in unit area, and realizes imitation wild planting of the sarcandra glabra. Compared with the traditional cultivation method, the method realizes the wild-like planting of the sarcandra glabra through specific planting steps, does not need pesticides, has small fertilizer consumption, can save the cost and is beneficial to environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of the combination of medicine and wild imitation cultivation of the Asiatic shrub sarcandra glabra forest, in particular to a method for planting sarcandra glabra in an oil tea forest in an imitation wild way.
Background
Sarcandra glabra, elderberry, ramulus et folium Adhatodae Vasicae, caulis Piperis Kadsurae, and JIUXIAO, which are perennial evergreen sub shrubs of Chloranthaceae. The sarcandra glabra is a common Chinese medicinal material in China, has early application origin in folk, can be used as a medicine by whole herbs, has pungent, bitter and mild properties, and has the effects of resisting bacteria, diminishing inflammation, clearing away heat and toxic materials, dispelling wind and removing dampness, promoting blood circulation, relieving pain, dredging channels, setting bones and the like.
China has achieved very obvious economic benefits in the aspect of development and utilization of sarcandra glabra, products developed at present comprise heat clearing and inflammation diminishing capsules, glabrous sarcandra herb tablets, glabrous sarcandra herb injection, inflammation swelling and toxicity removing tablets, sarcandra herb medicinal toothpaste, sarcandra herb bagged tea, sarcandra herb chewing gum and the like, and due to wide application and huge demand, wild sarcandra herb has presented a situation of short supply and short supply.
At present, the conditions of low seedling rate, irregular seedling emergence, low survival rate, weak seedling and the like of the sarcandra glabra seedlings are often generated, in order to improve the quality of the sarcandra glabra seedlings, a large amount of pesticides and fertilizers are often adopted in the sarcandra glabra seedling raising technology, however, the breeding cost is increased, the environment is also seriously polluted, and the sarcandra glabra seedlings are not suitable for industrialized planting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art and provide a method for planting sarcandra glabra in a camellia oleifera forest in a wild-imitating manner.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for planting sarcandra glabra in a camellia oleifera forest in a wild-imitating manner comprises the following steps:
s1, land selection and preparation: selecting a tea-oil tree forest land with canopy density of 0.5-0.8, weeding and turning in rows of the tea-oil tree forest by adopting a rotary cultivator, and ditching according to row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 20cm after turning;
s2, sowing: adopting a seed direct seeding method, carrying out germination acceleration on sarcandra glabra seeds before seed sowing, adopting one-hole multi-grain sowing after the seed exposure reaches 85%, and covering humus soil after sowing with the covering thickness not more than 1 cm; or transplanting by adopting a transplanting method according to the row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 20cm when 2-3 pairs of true leaves grow out from the seedlings;
s3, thinning: thinning the seedlings according to actual conditions, wherein the removed seedlings can be used for seedling supplement or transplantation;
s4, intertillage weeding: carrying out artificial weeding within the first year of planting, and stacking the roots of weeds beside plants upwards in summer and autumn when weeding is carried out in two seasons;
s5, topdressing: and (3) fertilizing the seedlings by adopting a small amount of frequently-applying methods, and topdressing when the seedlings grow 2-3 pairs of true leaves.
The soil under the camellia oleifera forest is slightly acidic, the canopy density under the forest is about 0.4-0.85, the space under the forest is wide, the sarcandra glabra is loved by yin, the sarcandra glabra is planted under the camellia oleifera forest with the canopy density of 0.5-0.8, the forest and drug combination is realized, the sarcandra glabra can grow well under the condition that the normal growth of the camellia oleifera forest is ensured, and the yield per mu is considerable.
The appropriate coverage thickness of the humus soil covering seeds in the S3 is beneficial to breaking the soil of the seeds; when the thickness of the covering is too high or too low, the seeds are not favorable for breaking the soil, and the normal emergence of the seeds is influenced.
S4 intertillage weeding is carried out in summer and autumn, the roots of the weeds are stacked up beside the plants, other weeds can be prevented from growing, and the effects of heat preservation and moisture preservation can be achieved.
Preferably, the age of the camellia oleifera in the camellia oleifera woodland in S1 is 15-75 years.
Preferably, the plurality of seeds in one hole in S2 is 2-3 seeds per hole.
Preferably, the artificial weeding in S4 is carried out for 2-3 times in rainy days or cloudy days, and after the next year, when the growth of weeds can be inhibited by the growth of sarcandra glabra, the artificial weeding is not carried out. The artificial weeding is adopted in the wild-simulated planting of the sarcandra glabra in the camellia oleifera forest, the weeding is generally carried out according to the actual conditions in the first year of planting, the weeding is preferably carried out in the early period and not in the late period, the weeding is carried out in rainy days or cloudy days as much as possible, and the weeding is not carried out in high-temperature sunny days.
Preferably, the top dressing described in S5 specifically includes: applying 10-15 kg/mu of a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer before or after rain, and then performing topdressing once every 1-2 months, wherein 10-15 kg/mu of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 15 kg/mu of a nitrogen fertilizer are applied each time, and 20-25 kg/mu of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied once in winter; and after the second year, 50 kg/mu of plant organic fertilizer is applied every 1-2 months.
Preferably, the pregermination described in S2 comprises the following steps: stacking fresh sarcandra glabra fruits in a shade position to be 30-40 cm thick, retting until the surface of peel becomes black and soft, and turning over the fruits once every 2-3 days; and stirring the fruits at 25-30 r/min, peeling off peels, placing in water, elutriating and removing the peels by using a screen, screening out seeds, shade-drying until the seed coats are white, and controlling the attached moisture content of the outer skins of the seeds to be less than 5%. The germination accelerating treatment is carried out on the seeds, which is beneficial to improving the emergence rate of the seeds.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for planting the sarcandra glabra in the camellia oleifera forest in the imitating wild mode combines the poverty-supporting planting industry of the western Hunan camellia oleifera forest, the sarcandra glabra is planted in the camellia oleifera forest in the imitating wild mode, forest and drug combination is achieved by utilizing the wide space and the yin-loving biological characteristics of the sarcandra glabra in the camellia oleifera forest, the economic value of the land in unit area is improved, and the wild-imitating planting of the sarcandra glabra is achieved.
Compared with the traditional cultivation method, the artificial wild-imitating planting method for the camellia oleifera under the forest has the advantages of low labor intensity, strong operability, simple steps, less fertilizer consumption for wild-imitating cultivation, low incidence of plant diseases and insect pests, no need of pesticide, cost saving and environmental protection. The sarcandra glabra nakai obtained by the method has high raw material quality and high seed emergence rate, and realizes ecological-friendly forest drug combination.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly and completely describe the technical scheme of the invention, the invention is further described in detail by the specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used for explaining the invention, and are not used for limiting the invention, and various changes can be made within the scope defined by the claims of the invention.
Example 1
A method for planting sarcandra glabra in a camellia oleifera forest in a wild-imitating manner comprises the following steps:
s1, land selection and preparation: selecting a camellia oleifera forest land with the canopy density of about 0.5 and the camellia oleifera age of 15 years, weeding and turning over in rows of the camellia oleifera forest by adopting a rotary cultivator to loosen soil, and then manually ditching according to the row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 20 cm;
s2, sowing: transplanting more than two pairs of true-leaf seedlings by adopting a transplanting method according to the row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 20cm, wherein the transplanting is preferably carried out after rain so as to ensure the survival rate of the seedlings;
s3, thinning: thinning the seedlings according to actual conditions when 2-3 pairs of true leaves grow out of the seedlings, wherein the removed seedlings can be used for seedling supplement or transplantation;
s4, intertillage weeding: adopting artificial weeding, carrying out artificial weeding for 2-3 times in rainy days or cloudy days in the first year of planting, and piling up the roots of weeds beside plants upwards in summer and autumn when weeding is carried out in two seasons; after the next year, when the growth potential of the sarcandra glabra can inhibit the growth of weeds, artificial weeding is not carried out any more;
s5, topdressing: fertilizing the seedlings by adopting a small amount of frequently-applied methods, and topdressing when 2-3 pairs of true leaves grow out of the seedlings;
wherein the germination accelerating in S2 comprises the following steps: stacking fresh sarcandra glabra fruits in a shade position to be 30-40 cm thick, retting until the surface of peel becomes black and soft, and turning over the fruits once every 2-3 days; stirring the fruits at 25-30 r/min, peeling peel, placing in water, elutriating and removing peel by using a screen, screening seeds, shade-drying until the seed coat is white, and controlling the attached moisture content of the outer surface skin of the seeds to be less than 5%;
the top dressing in S5 specifically comprises: applying 10-15 kg/mu of a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer before or after rain, and then performing topdressing once every 1-2 months, wherein 10-15 kg/mu of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 10 kg/mu of a nitrogen fertilizer are applied every time, and 10-15 kg/mu of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied once in winter; and after the second year, 50 kg/mu of plant organic fertilizer is applied every 1-2 months.
Example 2
A method for planting sarcandra glabra in a camellia oleifera forest in a wild-imitating manner comprises the following steps:
s1, land selection and preparation: selecting oil tea forest lands with canopy density of about 0.8 and different oil tea tree ages of 15-75 years, distributing according to the line spacing of the oil tea forest lands, turning over by using a rotary cultivator to loosen soil, and then manually ditching according to the line spacing of 30cm multiplied by 20 cm;
s2, sowing: adopting a seed direct seeding method, carrying out germination acceleration on sarcandra glabra seeds before seed sowing, sowing the seeds after the seed exposure reaches 85%, wherein 2-3 seeds are planted in each hole, and covering humus soil after sowing, wherein the covering thickness is not more than 1 cm;
s3, thinning: thinning the seedlings according to actual conditions when 2-3 pairs of true leaves grow out of the seedlings, wherein the removed seedlings can be used for seedling supplement or transplantation;
s4, intertillage weeding: adopting artificial weeding, carrying out artificial weeding for 2-3 times in rainy days or cloudy days in the first year of planting, and piling up the roots of weeds beside plants upwards in summer and autumn when weeding is carried out in two seasons; after the next year, when the growth potential of the sarcandra glabra can inhibit the growth of weeds, artificial weeding is not carried out any more;
s5, topdressing: fertilizing the seedlings by adopting a small amount of frequently-applied methods, and topdressing when 2-3 pairs of true leaves grow out of the seedlings;
wherein the germination accelerating in S2 comprises the following steps: stacking fresh sarcandra glabra fruits in a shade position to be 30-40 cm thick, retting until the surface of peel becomes black and soft, and turning over the fruits once every 2-3 days; stirring the fruits at 25-30 r/min, peeling peel, placing in water, elutriating and removing peel by using a screen, screening seeds, shade-drying until the seed coat is white, and controlling the attached moisture content of the outer surface skin of the seeds to be less than 5%;
the top dressing in S5 specifically comprises: applying 10-15 kg/mu of a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer before or after rain, and then performing topdressing once every 1-2 months, wherein 10-15 kg/mu of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 10 kg/mu of a nitrogen fertilizer are applied every time, and 10-15 kg/mu of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied once in winter; and after the second year, 50 kg/mu of plant organic fertilizer is applied every 1-2 months.
Comparative example 1:
a method for planting sarcandra glabra in a camellia oleifera forest in a wild-imitating manner comprises the following steps:
s1, land selection and preparation: selecting a tea-oil tree forest land with the canopy density of about 0.4 and the tea-oil tree age of less than 10 years, weeding and turning by adopting a rotary cultivator between tea-oil tree forest rows to loosen soil, and then manually ditching according to the row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 20 cm;
s2, sowing: transplanting more than two pairs of true-leaf seedlings by adopting a transplanting method according to the row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 20 cm;
s3, thinning: thinning the seedlings according to actual conditions when 2-3 pairs of true leaves grow out of the seedlings, wherein the removed seedlings can be used for seedling supplement or transplantation;
s4, intertillage weeding: carrying out artificial weeding for 2-3 times in rainy days or cloudy days in the first year; after the next year, when the growth potential of the sarcandra glabra can inhibit the growth of weeds, artificial weeding is not carried out any more;
s5, topdressing: fertilizing the seedlings by adopting a small amount of frequently-applied methods, and topdressing when 2-3 pairs of true leaves grow out of the seedlings;
wherein the germination accelerating in S2 comprises the following steps: stacking fresh sarcandra glabra fruits in a shade position to be 30-40 cm thick, retting until the surface of peel becomes black and soft, and turning over the fruits once every 2-3 days; stirring the fruits at 25-30 r/min, peeling peel, placing in water, elutriating and removing peel by using a screen, screening seeds, shade-drying until the seed coat is white, and controlling the attached moisture content of the outer surface skin of the seeds to be less than 5%;
the top dressing in S5 specifically comprises: applying 10-15 kg/mu of a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer before or after rain, and then performing topdressing once every 1-2 months, wherein 10-15 kg/mu of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 10 kg/mu of a nitrogen fertilizer are applied every time, and 10-15 kg/mu of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied once in winter; and after the second year, 50 kg/mu of plant organic fertilizer is applied every 1-2 months.
Comparative example 2
A method for planting sarcandra glabra in a camellia oleifera forest in a wild-imitating manner comprises the following steps:
s1, land selection and preparation: selecting a tea-oil tree forest land with the canopy density of about 0.85 and the tea-oil tree age of less than 12 years, weeding and turning by adopting a rotary cultivator between tea-oil tree forest rows to loosen soil, and then manually ditching according to the row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 20 cm;
s2, sowing: adopting a seed direct seeding method, after accelerating germination of sarcandra glabra seeds before seed sowing, sowing the sarcandra glabra seeds after the seeds are exposed to 80% of white, covering humus soil in each hole after sowing, wherein the covering thickness is more than 1 cm;
s3, thinning: thinning the seedlings according to actual conditions when 2-3 pairs of true leaves grow out of the seedlings, wherein the removed seedlings can be used for seedling supplement or transplantation;
s4, intertillage weeding: adopting artificial weeding, weeding for 2-3 times in sunny days, and after the next year, when the growth potential of the sarcandra glabra can inhibit the growth of weeds, not carrying out artificial weeding;
s5, topdressing: fertilizing the seedlings by adopting a small amount of frequently-applied method, and topdressing by adopting a traditional sarcandra seedling topdressing mode when 2-3 pairs of true leaves grow out from the seedlings;
wherein the germination accelerating in S2 comprises the following steps: stacking fresh sarcandra glabra fruits in a shade position to be 30-40 cm thick, retting until the surface of peel becomes black and soft, and turning over the fruits once every 2-3 days; and stirring the fruits at 25-30 r/min, peeling off peels, placing in water, elutriating and removing the peels by using a screen, screening out seeds, shade-drying until the seed coats are white, and controlling the attached moisture content of the outer skins of the seeds to be less than 5%.
The test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Item | Sowing mode | Survival rate/percent | Plant height/cm | Number of main branches | Yield per kg per mu |
| Example 1 | Transplanting | 95 | ≥20 | ≥3 | ≥2000 |
| Example 2 | Direct seeding of seeds | 95 | ≥15 | ≥3 | ≥1500 |
| Comparative example 1 | Transplanting | 85 | ＜13 | ＜3 | ＜1500 |
| Comparative example 2 | Direct seeding of seeds | 82 | ＜13 | ＜3 | ＜1300 |
By adopting the wild-imitating planting method of the sarcandra glabra under the camellia oleifera forest, the wild-imitating planting of the sarcandra glabra is realized, when transplanting is adopted for planting, the survival rate of seedlings is as high as 95%, the plant height after two years of growth is more than 20cm, the number of main branches is more than 3, and the yield per mu is more than 2000 kg; when the direct seeding method is adopted for seeding, the seedling rate reaches 95 percent, the plant height reaches more than 15 cm after one year, the branch number reaches more than 3 branches, and the yield per mu exceeds 1500 kg.
Wild-simulated planting of sarcandra glabra in the camellia oleifera forest can increase the additional value of unit land area, and is simple in manual management, low in labor intensity, extremely low in fertilizer and pesticide consumption and environment-friendly.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above examples using specific embodiments and experiments, but it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements can be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements do not depart from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for planting sarcandra glabra in a camellia oleifera forest in a wild-imitating manner is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, land selection and preparation: selecting a tea-oil tree forest land with canopy density of 0.5-0.8, weeding and turning in rows of the tea-oil tree forest by adopting a rotary cultivator, and ditching according to row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 20cm after turning;
s2, sowing: adopting a seed direct seeding method, carrying out germination acceleration on sarcandra glabra seeds before seed sowing, adopting one-hole multi-grain sowing after the seed exposure reaches 85%, and covering the seeds with humus soil after sowing, wherein the covering thickness is not more than 1 cm; or transplanting by adopting a transplanting method according to the row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 20cm when 2-3 pairs of true leaves grow out from the seedlings;
s3, thinning: thinning the seedlings according to actual conditions, wherein the removed seedlings can be used for seedling supplement or transplantation;
s4 intertillage weeding: carrying out artificial weeding within the first year of planting, and stacking the roots of weeds beside plants upwards in summer and autumn when weeding is carried out in two seasons;
s5, topdressing: and (3) fertilizing the seedlings by adopting a small amount of frequently-applying methods, and topdressing when the seedlings grow 2-3 pairs of true leaves.
2. The method for planting sarcandra glabra under the camellia oleifera forest in an imitated wild manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the age of the camellia oleifera in the camellia oleifera forest land in S1 is 15-75 years.
3. The method for planting sarcandra glabra in an imitating wild condition under the camellia oleifera forest according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of seeds in one hole are 2-3 seeds in each hole in S2.
4. The method for planting sarcandra glabra under the camellia oleifera forest in an imitated wild manner, according to claim 1, wherein the artificial weeding in the S4 is carried out for 2-3 times in a rainy day or a cloudy day, and after the next year, when the growth of weeds can be inhibited by the growth of the sarcandra glabra, the artificial weeding is not carried out.
5. The method for planting sarcandra glabra in the camellia oleifera forest under the condition of imitating wild conditions as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the additional fertilizer in the S5 specifically comprises the following steps: applying 10-15 kg/mu of a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer before or after rain, and then performing topdressing once every 1-2 months, wherein 10-15 kg/mu of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 15 kg/mu of a nitrogen fertilizer are applied each time, and 20-25 kg/mu of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied once in winter; and after the second year, 50 kg/mu of plant organic fertilizer is applied every 1-2 months.
6. The method for planting sarcandra glabra under the camellia oleifera forest in an imitated wild way as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the germination accelerating step in S2 comprises the following steps: stacking fresh sarcandra glabra fruits in a shade position to be 30-40 cm thick, retting until the surface of peel becomes black and soft, and turning over the fruits once every 2-3 days; and stirring the fruits at 25-30 r/min, peeling off peels, placing in water, elutriating and removing the peels by using a screen, screening out seeds, shade-drying until the seed coats are white, and controlling the attached moisture content of the outer skins of the seeds to be less than 5%.
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Application publication date: 20201113 |