CN111226707A

CN111226707A - Method for accelerating germination and cultivating microclimate of cucumbers in greenhouse in northern cold area

Info

Publication number: CN111226707A
Application number: CN202010240712.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵广叡; 王永旭; 张红霞; 赵鸿飞; 张宇新; 朴龙�
Original assignee: Chifeng Hexing Agricultural Technology Co Ltd; Chifeng Herun Agricultural High Tech Industry Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Chifeng Hexing Agricultural Technology Co Ltd; Chifeng Herun Agricultural High Tech Industry Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-03-31
Filing date: 2020-03-31
Publication date: 2020-06-05

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for accelerating germination and cultivation of cucumbers in greenhouses in northern cold areas in microclimate, which specifically comprises the steps of sowing, accelerating germination in microclimate, seedling stage management, preparation before field planting, land preparation and base fertilizer application, field planting, management after field planting, harvesting and the like. The microclimate germination accelerating is realized on a microclimate vegetable seedling raising frame, water in the seedling raising tray can downwards penetrate into the non-woven fabric layer from the holes at the bottom of the seedling raising tray, the moisture preservation effect is realized, and the water loss is prevented; the heat supply pipeline is connected to the hot water pipeline, the requirement of seedling growing temperature is met, and meanwhile, sunlight penetrates through the transparent plastic film layer to provide illumination and heating; the seedling raising tray is completely covered by the plastic film layer, so that the effects of preventing evaporated water from being lost and preserving heat are achieved, the germination rate is high, and the germination uniformity is good. The use of the microclimate vegetable seedling raising frame can enable the temperature and the humidity near the seedlings in the greenhouse to meet the seedling raising requirements more easily, and the microclimate environment meeting the seedling raising requirements is formed near the seedlings, so that the survival rate of the seedlings is improved.

Description

Method for accelerating germination and cultivating microclimate of cucumbers in greenhouse in northern cold area

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation methods, and particularly relates to a method for accelerating germination of small climate cucumbers in a greenhouse in a northern cold area and a cultivation method.

Background

Cucumber, the english name Cucumber, also known as cucurbit, Cucumber, belongs to the cucurbitaceae family. Widely distributed in China and is one of the main greenhouse products. The stems of the cucumbers are covered with hair, the cucumber stems are rich in juice, and the leaves have 3-5 splinters and are covered with villi. The cucumber peel is originally green and gradually turns yellow after being stored for a long time, and is also called as old cucumber. The cucumber has elongated stem and branch, furry edge, and white coarse hair. The curly hair is thin. The petiole is slightly rough and has rough and hard bristles; the leaf is wide, oval, heart-shaped, membranous, lobe-shaped and toothed. The same male and female plants, long round or cylindrical fruits, yellow green when ripe, rough surface. The seeds are small, narrow, oval, white, without edges, with the ends near the tips. And in the flower and fruit period, in summer. The cultivation is common in all the places of China, and a plurality of areas are cultivated in greenhouses or plastic greenhouses; the cucumber is widely planted in temperate and tropical areas, and is one of the main vegetables in summer in all parts of China.

The cucumber has the following effects: 1. smoothening and brightening nails: the silicon in cucumber makes hair more smooth and nails brighter and firmer, while the sulfur in cucumber is also beneficial for stimulating hair growth. 2. And (3) beautifying and protecting skin: modern medical research shows that cucumber enzyme contained in fresh cucumber can effectively promote metabolism of organisms, dilate capillary vessels of skin, promote blood circulation and enhance the redox effect of skin, so the cucumber has the effect of beautifying. Meanwhile, the cucumber contains rich vitamins, can provide sufficient nutrients for the skin and effectively resist skin aging. 3. Clear mouth qi, tonify kidney and viscera: the cucumber juice is beneficial to curing gum diseases, and can refresh breath after being eaten frequently. In addition, fructus Cucumidis Sativi can also reduce uric acid level in vivo, and protect kidney. 4. Toxin expelling and constipation preventing: the cucumber contains fine cellulose, the cellulose can promote intestinal peristalsis and help the discharge of excrement in vivo, and the cucumber with rich nutrition is beneficial to cleaning garbage in vivo and preventing kidney stone after being eaten frequently. 5. Sobering up and preventing poisoning: the cucumber contains a large amount of B vitamins and electrolytes, and can supplement important nutrients, thereby relieving discomfort after drinking and relieving hangover. In addition, alanine, arginine and glutamine contained in the cucumber have certain adjuvant therapy effect on liver patients, particularly patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, and can prevent alcoholism. 6. And (3) vitamin supplement: the cucumber is rich in various vitamins, such as B vitamins, vitamin C and the like, and the effect of supplementing vitamins is better when the cucumber is eaten with the skin. 7. Preventing diabetes, reducing fat and stabilizing pressure: one hormone in cucumber is beneficial to pancreas to secrete insulin, and can be used for adjuvant treatment of diabetes. The sterol components in cucumber can reduce cholesterol, and dietary fiber, potassium and magnesium contained in cucumber are beneficial for regulating blood pressure level and preventing hypertension. 8. Relief of arthritis and gout pain: the silicon in cucumber is helpful for enhancing the health of joint connective tissue. Eating fructus Cucumidis Sativi and Sucus Dauci Sativae together can reduce uric acid, and relieve arthritis and gout pain.

The cucumber is sweet, cool, bitter and nontoxic, and can enter spleen, stomach and large intestine; has effects in removing heat, promoting diuresis, and clearing away heat and toxic materials; it can be used for treating polydipsia, swelling and pain of throat, eye burn, and scald. Also has weight reducing effect. Cucumber peel contains rich nutrients and should be kept eaten raw. However, in order to prevent the pesticide residue from damaging the human body, the cucumbers should be soaked in the saline water for 15-20 min and then washed for eating raw food. The cucumber is rich in protein, saccharide, vitamin B2, vitamin C, vitamin E, carotene, nicotinic acid, calcium, phosphorus, iron, etc. In China, the yield of cucumbers is very large, and planting regions are very wide, so that a very perfect method is needed in each period of planting, maintenance, harvesting and the like, but due to the fact that a plurality of greenhouses or greenhouses and the like are planted, the method cannot be well implemented due to the very large amount, and if the method is complex, the method is more troublesome. With the great development of agriculture in China, people pay more and more attention to scientific field planting, the field cucumber cultivation method in the prior art can not meet the living needs of people, the greenhouse cucumber cultivation method can meet the needs of people in winter and in early spring, but has the technical problems that the harvest period is short, the cultivation cost is high, and the needs of people for using cucumbers in four seasons can not be met, and a large amount of chemical fertilizers or pesticides are used in field cultivation or greenhouse cultivation, so that the physical health of people is seriously harmed.

Winter and spring stubbles and autumn and winter stubbles are generally selected in a sunlight greenhouse in northern China for two generations in one year, and seeds are collected when the seeds are normally mature 40-60 days after pollination of seed melons. In cold areas in northern China, the temperature is relatively cold in winter, and the outdoor temperature can reach below-10 ℃. The seedling raising in the vegetable greenhouse has higher requirements on the indoor environment temperature and humidity of the greenhouse. In order to meet the requirements of seedling culture, the greenhouse needs to be heated and humidified in winter. However, because the space in the greenhouse is large, the temperature and humidity in each part of the greenhouse are difficult to be ensured to be uniform by heating and humidifying the whole greenhouse, the seedlings are small and fragile, and the survival of the seedlings can be seriously influenced when the local temperature and humidity in the greenhouse cannot meet the requirements. Therefore, there is a need in the prior art for a method for accelerating germination and cultivation of cucumber in greenhouse in northern cold area, which can make the temperature and humidity near the seedlings in greenhouse meet the requirements of seedling cultivation more easily, so as to improve the survival rate of seedlings.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a cucumber microclimate germination accelerating and cultivating method in a greenhouse in a northern cold area, aiming at overcoming the defects of the prior art.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for accelerating germination and cultivation of small climate cucumber in greenhouse in northern cold area includes the following steps:

(1) sowing; sowing seeds into a seedling raising plate, and placing a culture medium in the seedling raising plate, wherein the culture medium is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of fermented edible fungus waste, 20 parts of fermented cow dung, 18 parts of coconut husk, 3 parts of sulfur powder, 15 parts of leaf mold and 8 parts of wormcast, and 100g of carbendazim is added into the obtained culture medium according to per cubic meter for germination acceleration;

(2) microclimate germination acceleration: accelerating germination on a microclimate vegetable seedling raising frame in a greenhouse, wherein in the accelerating germination process, the matrix in the seedling raising tray needs to be watered frequently, water in the seedling raising tray can penetrate into the non-woven fabric layer downwards from holes in the bottom of the seedling raising tray to play a role in moisturizing, and the water loss is prevented; the heat supply pipeline is connected to the hot water pipeline, the requirement of seedling growing temperature is met, and meanwhile, sunlight penetrates through the transparent plastic film layer to provide illumination and heating; the seedling raising tray is completely covered by the plastic film layer, so that the functions of preventing evaporated water from being lost and preserving heat are achieved, and the humidity and the temperature in the plastic film layer are ensured to meet the seedling raising requirements;

(3) managing in a seedling stage; after the seedlings emerge, taking out the non-woven fabric layer on the microclimate vegetable seedling raising frame from the seedling raising plate, placing the non-woven fabric layer on the plastic film layer at the top of the microclimate vegetable seedling raising frame for shielding sunlight, and separating and picking the seedlings after the seedlings emerge;

(4) preparation before planting: covering a greenhouse film and sterilizing the greenhouse film, covering the greenhouse film one month before field planting, sterilizing the greenhouse, adding 1.5-2 kg of sulfur into 200 ml of dichlorvos, uniformly mixing with sawdust, igniting, and closing the greenhouse for 1-2 days to kill the sick worm eggs in the greenhouse; for the greenhouse with more severe root-knot nematodes, 80 kg of lime nitrogen is applied per mu and fully and uniformly mixed;

(5) soil preparation and base fertilizer application: the base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, 10000 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer is applied per mu, and the mixture is deeply turned over by 40 cm and uniformly mixed; or applying fermented and rotten broken grass, wheat straw and rice hull in successive years; or directly applying straw bioreactor technology, increasing ground temperature, increasing soil organic matter, improving soil environment, and reducing disease occurrence;

(6) planting: planting cucumbers planted in winter and spring in the last ten days of 11 months to the last ten days of 12 months, planting the cucumbers as early as possible on the premise of ensuring that the seedlings are not frozen, wherein the ground temperature of 10 cm in a greenhouse is more than 12 ℃, the lowest night temperature is not lower than 5 ℃, the cucumbers are moderately densely planted, 3500-4000 cucumbers are planted per mu, and the cucumbers are moderately shallowly planted; strictly screening the field planting seedlings, removing diseased seedlings, weak seedlings and unqualified grafted seedlings, opening field planting holes according to the plant spacing of 28-30 cm, planting the seedlings into the holes, watering, and then covering with a mulching film; after field planting, the root melons are harvested and topdressed for 1-2 times, and the fruiting period of the melons is 7-10 days once; diammonium phosphate and ammonium nitrate are alternately used, or water flush fertilizer is used along with watering;

(7) managing after planting: management after planting comprises three aspects of early management, middle management, humidity management after planting, temperature management after planting, fertilizer and water management after planting, intertillage, vine hanging after planting and pruning management;

(8) harvesting: the cucumber is suitable for early harvest, the weight of a single cucumber is 100-150 g at the early stage, the weight of the single cucumber is 150-250 g at the middle and later stages, especially root cucumbers need to be early harvested, the upper melons and tendrils grow simultaneously, harvest needs to be timely, harvest cannot be delayed, the commodity rate and the total yield of the cucumber strips are affected, early harvest is timely performed in the early stage and in cloudy days, and the premature senility or the acquired diseases of plants are prevented and treated.

The microclimate vegetable seedling-raising frame adopted in the microclimate germination accelerating step comprises a plurality of upright supports which are sequentially arranged from front to back at equal intervals, each support comprises a left upright post, a right upright post, a lower cross beam arranged between the lower parts of the left upright post and the right upright post and an upper cross beam arranged between the upper parts of the left upright post and the right upright post, the lower cross beams of the supports are provided with a heat supply pipeline, the heat supply pipeline is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlet is provided with a water inlet valve, the water outlet is provided with a water drain valve, the upper cross beams of the supports are provided with two mutually parallel rolling support rods extending from front to back, the left upright post and the right upright post are provided with limiting baffle edges at the left and right sides of the two rolling support rods, a transverse net rack is supported above the two rolling support rods, a non-woven fabric layer is laid on the net rack, a plurality of seedling-raising trays, the steel bar frames are covered with plastic film layers, and the seedling raising discs are positioned in the steel bar frames and the plastic film layers.

Two rows of vertical cylinders are arranged above the left end and the right end of the net rack, the reinforcing steel bar frame comprises a left vertical section and a right vertical section and an arc section positioned between the upper ends of the two vertical sections, and the lower end parts of the left vertical section and the right vertical section of each reinforcing steel bar frame are inserted into the left vertical cylinder and the right vertical cylinder which correspond to each other; the net rack comprises a square frame and a supporting net arranged in the frame; the front end of one rolling supporting rod is provided with a hand wheel.

The lower extreme of left stand, right stand all is provided with the stand fixing base, and the stand fixing base includes upright a section of thick bamboo and sets up in a connecting plate of a section of thick bamboo bottom, and the pre-buried screw rod in ground passes the connecting plate and is connected with the nut, and the lower tip of left stand, the lower tip of right stand insert corresponding a section of thick bamboo in, and left stand, right stand pass through fixing bolt with corresponding a section of thick bamboo and are connected.

The early management is from planting to harvesting of the melon strips, the management in the period is called early management, the early management center is mainly root promoting and seedling control, the air temperature and the illumination in the period are obviously reduced but do not reach the lowest point, the favorable climatic conditions in the period are fully utilized, the management is enhanced, the root development is promoted, and the adaptability of plants to low temperature, weak light and special weather is enhanced.

The middle-term management refers to the management from root cucumber harvesting to 3 months and is called as middle-term management, the temperature is lowest in winter cucumber production, the illumination is the weakest, the management is the most difficult, and the peak of yield and output value is formed at the same time; enhancing water and fertilizer management and prolonging the harvesting period: after 4 months, in order to prevent plant aging and fertilizer loss and prolong the harvesting period as much as possible, attention is paid to enhancing the management of fertilizer water, water is poured once in 5-7 days generally, fertilizer is applied once in 7-10 days, and the quality of the water flush fertilizer is ensured; if the flower has topping and is in an atrophied state, pinching and pinching are adopted to promote growth of the first-crop-back melons; in order to improve the commodity rate of the melon strips, bent melons, diseased melons and redundant small melons are removed in time.

The humidity management after planting specifically comprises the following steps: the management measures of low temperature and low humidity are implemented, the air humidity is controlled to be 60-80% in the daytime and is maintained to be 85-90% at night, and the leaves do not drip in the morning; the watering frequency is reduced, the watering is not needed in drought, the air is greatly blown after watering, and the aerosol and the dust are selected during the administration.

The temperature management after planting specifically comprises the following steps: the early stage of cucumber cultivation in early spring is mainly heat preservation and cold protection, generally, before seedling reviving stage, no wind is released to strengthen cold protection at night, seedling reviving needs 7 days, and various measures are taken to improve the night temperature and promote seedling reviving; after seedling is delayed, the period from root melon to root melon is 20 days, the temperature is properly controlled, the temperature is 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and is 12-16 ℃ at night, and excessive growth is prevented; the full fruit period is 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 16-18 ℃ at night.

The fertilizer and water management and intertillage after planting specifically comprises the following steps: in early spring, the temperature of the cultivation land is low, the planting water needs to be small properly, the seedling reviving water is poured after the seedling reviving, intertillage is carried out after the watering, and the seedlings are squatted; watering is carried out after the root melons are harvested, watering is carried out once every 5 days, watering is carried out in the morning on sunny days, and watering is carried out once after sudden raining in summer; ventilating in time after watering to reduce the air humidity in the shed; supplementing nutrients in time along with the increase of the melon harvest amount, determining the variety and the number of top dressing according to the harvest amount and the plant performance, starting top dressing with water at the fourth water, if the color of the leaves and the melon strips is darker, taking nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer as the auxiliary fertilizer, paying attention to the supplement of calcium, magnesium and other trace elements, and dissolving the fertilizer with water for top dressing during application; if the plant color is light and the leaves are large, the phosphorus potassium fertilizer is mainly used; the topdressing amount follows the principle of eating less and eating more, and the overlarge topdressing amount at one time is avoided; and 3 months later, watering and applying fully decomposed and fermented thin manure and biogas slurry and biogas residues.

The management of vine hanging and pruning after planting specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) timely lifting or transplanting the seedlings or the frame when the cucumbers grow to 5 days, winding or binding the seedlings every 2-3 days, timely removing all lateral branches and tendrils, pinching or twisting the tips when the cucumber seedlings approach a greenhouse film, and timely removing diseased and old leaves at the lower part.

Attention needs to be paid to the cucumber cultivation process: 1. temperature: the cucumber is warm in taste, cold-resistant and cold-resistant, and the proper temperature for growth is 10-32 ℃; generally, the growth is best at 25-32 ℃ in daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night; the optimum ground temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the minimum temperature is about 15 ℃; the optimum day and night temperature difference is 10-15 ℃, the photosynthesis of the cucumbers is poor at the high temperature of 35 ℃, high-temperature obstacles appear at the temperature of 45 ℃, the cucumbers are frozen at the low temperature of-2-0 ℃, and the cucumbers can bear the low temperature of 3 ℃ if the cucumbers are hardened at the low temperature. 2. Illumination: the northern China type variety has no strict requirement on the length of sunlight, becomes a sunlight neutral plant, has an optical saturation point of 5.5 Wan Lex and an optical compensation point of 1500 Lex, and grows well under the short-sunlight condition of 8-11 hours. 3. Moisture content: the cucumber yield is high, the water requirement is high, the suitable soil humidity is 60-90%, the moisture in the seedling stage is not too much, the soil humidity is 60-70%, sufficient moisture must be supplied in the fruiting stage, the soil humidity is 80-90%, the suitable air relative humidity of the cucumber is 60-90%, and the disease is easily caused due to the too high air relative humidity, so that the yield is reduced. 4. Soil: cucumber prefers to be wet but not waterlogging resistant, prefers to be fertile but not fertilizer resistant, and fertile soil rich in organic matters is preferably selected, and soil with the pH value of 5.5-7.2 is preferred, but the pH value is the best. 5. Management of special weather: under the condition of special severe weather such as cold flow, cloudy snow and cloudy day, special management measures are required to be implemented so as to reduce or avoid production loss caused by the disastrous weather; when strong cold current comes, the greenhouse is strictly cold-proof and heat-preserving, covers such as paper quilt and straw curtain are added, temporary heating is adopted indoors, and timely cleaning is needed when snow falls by taking measures such as generating a stove and lighting bulbs, so that the greenhouse framework is prevented from collapsing due to the fact that the framework load is increased due to accumulated snow on the greenhouse surface; the melon strips are harvested early in cloudy days, the nutrient consumption of the melon strips is reduced, and the scattered light in a certain time is obtained by uncovering the straw mat as much as possible without obviously influencing the indoor temperature drop; and (4) after the weather is sunny, performing foliage dressing to quickly supplement nutrients and increase the humidity in the shed, and if the leaves are seriously wilted, properly and temporarily covering the shed.

The cucumber can be grafted in the cultivation process, the grafting place needs to be warm and moist, the grafting method comprises a leaning grafting method and a grafting method, and bamboo sticks, blades, hands and the like can be grafted after being sterilized in 70% alcohol before grafting. 1. The insertion method comprises the following steps: expanding cotyledons of the cucumber seedlings, and setting the grafting optimum period when 1 st true leaf of the stock pumpkin seedling is 5 minutes of coin size; during operation, the bamboo stick is 0.2-0.3 cm thick, and the tip is sharpened; the front end of the bamboo stick is tightly attached to the inner side of the base of one cotyledon of the stock, and is obliquely inserted below the other cotyledon, the insertion depth is about 0.5 cm, and the stock epidermis cannot be punctured; cutting the cucumber leaves by a blade from a position about 0.5 cm below the cucumber cotyledons, and cutting two opposite side surfaces to a length of 0.5-0.7 cm and a smooth edge; after the scion is cut, the bamboo stick is pulled out of the stock and inserted into the scion, and the insertion depth is equal to the flatness of the cut and the stock jack. 2. The approach method comprises the following steps: 1, expanding the 1 st main leaf of the cucumber, and completely expanding the stock pumpkin cotyledon to be a grafting optimum period; carefully digging out the stock seedlings and the scion seedlings from a seedling raising tray, cutting off growing points between two cotyledons of the pumpkin seedlings by using a blade, obliquely cutting downwards at an angle of 35-40 degrees on one surface, perpendicular to the growing direction of the cotyledons, below the cotyledons, until the diameter of an embryonic axis reaches 2/3 degrees, and cutting the position to be about 1 cm long; the cucumber seedlings are obliquely cut upwards at an angle of 25-30 degrees at a position 1 cm below cotyledons, the cut is as long as about 1 cm and reaches 1/2-2/3 of the diameter of a hypocotyl; accurately and rapidly inserting the cuts of the cucumbers and the pumpkins together, and firmly clamping the cuts by using plastic clamps; the grafted posture is that the pumpkin cotyledon holds the scion cucumber cotyledon; the two are overlapped together one above the other; and planting the grafted seedling into a nutrition pot after grafting.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: in the prior art, germination is performed in a germination accelerating room, an air conditioner is required to be always started in the germination accelerating process, the temperature condition is kept, electricity is consumed, and the production cost is increased; after germination accelerating and sprouting in the germination accelerating room, the seedling raising tray is transported into a greenhouse, the transportation back and forth wastes time and labor, the labor intensity is high, the cost is increased, and seedlings are frequently damaged in the transportation process; the invention is to accelerate germination on a microclimate vegetable seedling raising frame in a greenhouse, in the process of accelerating germination, matrix in a seedling raising tray needs to be watered frequently, water in the seedling raising tray can permeate into a non-woven fabric layer downwards from holes at the bottom of the seedling raising tray, the effect of moisturizing is achieved, and water loss is prevented. The heat supply pipeline is connected to the hot water pipeline, the requirement for seedling raising temperature is met, and meanwhile, sunlight can penetrate through the transparent plastic film layer to provide illumination and heating. The seedling raising tray is completely covered by the plastic film layer, so that the effects of preventing evaporated water from being lost and preserving heat are achieved, the humidity and the temperature inside the plastic film layer are ensured to meet the seedling raising requirement, the germination rate is high, and the germination uniformity is good. The use of the microclimate vegetable seedling culturing frame can enable the temperature and the humidity near the seedlings in the greenhouse to meet the seedling culturing requirement more easily, and the microclimate environment meeting the seedling culturing requirement is formed near the seedlings so as to improve the survival rate of the seedlings.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the microclimate vegetable seedling rack of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a heat supply pipeline in the microclimate vegetable seedling culturing shelf of the invention.

In the figure: 1-a scaffold; 2-left upright post; 3-right upright post; 4-a lower cross beam; 5, an upper cross beam; 6-heat supply pipeline; 7-a water inlet valve; 8-rolling supporting rods; 9-a hand wheel; 10-a net rack; 11-a non-woven fabric layer; 12-seedling raising plate; 13-erecting the cylinder; 14-a steel bar frame; 15-a plastic film layer; 16-a drain valve; 17-a connecting plate; 18-a nut; 19-fixing the bolt; 20-upright post fixing seats; 21-limiting blocking edge.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.

A method for accelerating germination and cultivation of small climate cucumber in greenhouse in northern cold area includes the following steps:

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the microclimate vegetable seedling-raising rack for greenhouses in northern cold regions comprises a plurality of upright supports 1 which are arranged in sequence at equal intervals from front to back, wherein each support 1 comprises a left upright post 2, a right upright post 3, a lower cross beam 4 arranged between the lower parts of the left upright post 2 and the right upright post 3 and an upper cross beam 5 arranged between the upper parts of the left upright post 2 and the right upright post 3, the lower cross beam 4 of each support 1 is provided with a heat supply pipeline 6, the heat supply pipeline 6 is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlet is provided with a water inlet valve 7, the water outlet is provided with a water discharge valve 16, the upper cross beam 5 of each support 1 is provided with two mutually parallel rolling support rods 8 extending from front to back, the left upright post 2 and the right upright post 3 are provided with limiting blocking edges 21 at the left side and the right side of the two rolling support rods 8, and a transverse net, a non-woven fabric layer 11 is laid on the net frame 10, a plurality of seedling raising trays 12 are placed above the non-woven fabric layer 11, a row of reinforcing steel frames 14 are arranged above the net frame 10 from front to back, the reinforcing steel frames 14 are covered with a plastic film layer 15, and the seedling raising trays 12 are positioned in the reinforcing steel frames 14 and the plastic film layer 15.

In actual production, the matrix in the seedling raising tray 12 needs to be watered frequently, and water in the seedling raising tray 12 can penetrate into the non-woven fabric layer 11 downwards from holes in the bottom of the seedling raising tray 12 to play a role in moisturizing and prevent water loss. The heat supply pipeline 6 is connected to a hot water pipeline, the requirement of seedling raising temperature is guaranteed, and meanwhile sunlight can penetrate through the transparent plastic film layer 15 to provide illumination and heat. The seedling raising tray 12 is completely covered by the plastic film layer 15, so that the functions of preventing evaporated water from being lost and preserving heat are achieved, and the humidity and the temperature inside the plastic film layer 15 are ensured to meet the seedling raising requirements.

As shown in fig. 1, two rows of right and left vertical tubes 13 are provided above the right and left ends of the net frame 10, and the reinforcing frames 14 include right and left upright sections and arc-shaped sections located between the upper ends of the two upright sections, and the lower end portions of the right and left upright sections of each reinforcing frame 14 are inserted into the right and left vertical tubes 13 corresponding to each other. This configuration makes the tendon support 14 more convenient to install and remove. The net frame 10 comprises a square frame and a supporting net arranged in the frame, and the supporting net is beneficial to the ventilation and heat transfer of the heat supply pipeline 6.

The front end of one rolling branch 8 is provided with hand wheel 9, because rack 10 supports in the top of two rolling branches 8, and operating personnel manually rotates hand wheel 9, can make rack 10 remove about to adjust the interval of the rack 10 of two adjacent nursery stocks frames.

The lower ends of the left upright post 2 and the right upright post 3 are respectively provided with an upright post fixing seat 20, each upright post fixing seat 20 comprises an upright support tube and a connecting plate 17 arranged at the bottom of the support tube, a ground pre-embedded screw penetrates through the connecting plate 17 to be connected with a nut 18, the lower end part of the left upright post 2 and the lower end part of the right upright post 3 are inserted into the corresponding support tubes, and the left upright post 2 and the right upright post 3 are connected with the corresponding support tubes through fixing bolts 19, so that the invention is more stable and is convenient to disassemble and assemble.

Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned contents are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and that the simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for accelerating germination and cultivating microclimate of cucumbers in a greenhouse in a northern cold area is characterized by comprising the following steps: the cucumber microclimate germination accelerating and cultivating method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) sowing;

sowing seeds into a seedling raising plate, and placing a culture medium in the seedling raising plate, wherein the culture medium is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of fermented edible fungus waste, 20 parts of fermented cow dung, 18 parts of coconut husk, 3 parts of sulfur powder, 15 parts of leaf mold and 8 parts of wormcast, and 100g of carbendazim is added into the obtained culture medium according to per cubic meter for germination acceleration;

(2) microclimate germination acceleration:

accelerating germination on a microclimate vegetable seedling raising frame in a greenhouse, wherein in the accelerating germination process, the matrix in the seedling raising tray needs to be watered frequently, water in the seedling raising tray can penetrate into the non-woven fabric layer downwards from holes in the bottom of the seedling raising tray to play a role in moisturizing, and the water loss is prevented; the heat supply pipeline is connected to the hot water pipeline, the requirement of seedling growing temperature is met, and meanwhile, sunlight penetrates through the transparent plastic film layer to provide illumination and heating; the seedling raising tray is completely covered by the plastic film layer, so that the functions of preventing evaporated water from being lost and preserving heat are achieved, and the humidity and the temperature in the plastic film layer are ensured to meet the seedling raising requirements;

(3) managing in a seedling stage;

after the seedlings emerge, taking out the non-woven fabric layer on the microclimate vegetable seedling raising frame from the seedling raising plate, placing the non-woven fabric layer on the plastic film layer at the top of the microclimate vegetable seedling raising frame for shielding sunlight, and separating and picking the seedlings after the seedlings emerge;

(4) preparation before planting:

covering a greenhouse film and sterilizing the greenhouse film, covering the greenhouse film one month before field planting, sterilizing the greenhouse, adding 1.5-2 kg of sulfur into 200 ml of dichlorvos, uniformly mixing with sawdust, igniting, and closing the greenhouse for 1-2 days to kill the sick worm eggs in the greenhouse; for the greenhouse with more severe root-knot nematodes, 80 kg of lime nitrogen is applied per mu and fully and uniformly mixed;

(5) soil preparation and base fertilizer application:

the base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, 10000 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer is applied per mu, and the mixture is deeply turned over by 40 cm and uniformly mixed; or applying fermented and rotten broken grass, wheat straw and rice hull in successive years; or directly applying straw bioreactor technology, increasing ground temperature, increasing soil organic matter, improving soil environment, and reducing disease occurrence;

(6) planting:

planting cucumbers planted in winter and spring in the last ten days of 11 months to the last ten days of 12 months, planting the cucumbers as early as possible on the premise of ensuring that the seedlings are not frozen, wherein the ground temperature of 10 cm in a greenhouse is more than 12 ℃, the lowest night temperature is not lower than 5 ℃, the cucumbers are moderately densely planted, 3500-4000 cucumbers are planted per mu, and the cucumbers are moderately shallowly planted; strictly screening the field planting seedlings, removing diseased seedlings, weak seedlings and unqualified grafted seedlings, opening field planting holes according to the plant spacing of 28-30 cm, planting the seedlings into the holes, watering, and then covering with a mulching film; after field planting, the root melons are harvested and topdressed for 1-2 times, and the fruiting period of the melons is 7-10 days once; diammonium phosphate and ammonium nitrate are alternately used, or water flush fertilizer is used along with watering;

(7) managing after planting:

management after planting comprises three aspects of early management, middle management, humidity management after planting, temperature management after planting, fertilizer and water management after planting, intertillage, vine hanging after planting and pruning management;

(8) harvesting:

the cucumber is suitable for early harvest, the weight of a single cucumber is 100-150 g at the early stage, the weight of the single cucumber is 150-250 g at the middle and later stages, especially root cucumbers need to be early harvested, the upper melons and tendrils grow simultaneously, harvest needs to be timely, harvest cannot be delayed, the commodity rate and the total yield of the cucumber strips are affected, early harvest is timely performed in the early stage and in cloudy days, and the premature senility or the acquired diseases of plants are prevented and treated.

2. The method for accelerating germination and cultivation of cucumbers in greenhouses in northern cold areas according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the microclimate vegetable seedling raising frame adopted in the microclimate germination accelerating step comprises a plurality of upright supports which are sequentially arranged from front to back at equal intervals, each support comprises a left upright post, a right upright post, a lower cross beam arranged between the lower parts of the left upright post and the right upright post and an upper cross beam arranged between the upper parts of the left upright post and the right upright post, the lower cross beams of the supports are provided with heat supply pipelines, each heat supply pipeline is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlet is provided with a water inlet valve, the water outlet is provided with a water discharge valve, the upper cross beams of the supports are provided with two mutually parallel rolling support rods extending from front to back, the left upright post and the right upright post are provided with limiting blocking edges at the left side and the right side of the two rolling support rods, a transverse net rack is supported above the two rolling support rods, a non-woven fabric layer is laid on the net rack, and, a row of steel bar frames are arranged above the net rack from front to back, plastic film layers cover the steel bar frames, and the seedling raising discs are located in the steel bar frames and the plastic film layers.

3. The method for accelerating germination and cultivation of cucumbers in greenhouses in northern cold areas according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: two rows of vertical cylinders are arranged above the left end and the right end of the net rack, the reinforcing steel bar frame comprises a left vertical section and a right vertical section and an arc section positioned between the upper ends of the two vertical sections, and the lower end parts of the left vertical section and the right vertical section of each reinforcing steel bar frame are inserted into the left vertical cylinder and the right vertical cylinder which correspond to each other; the net rack comprises a square frame and a supporting net arranged in the frame; the front end of one rolling supporting rod is provided with a hand wheel.

4. The method for accelerating germination and cultivation of cucumbers in greenhouses in northern cold areas according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the left side stand the lower extreme of right side stand all is provided with the stand fixing base, the stand fixing base includes upright a section of thick bamboo and sets up in a connecting plate of bobbin base portion, and the pre-buried screw rod in ground passes the connecting plate is connected with the nut, the lower tip of left side stand the lower tip of right side stand inserts correspondingly in a section of thick bamboo, left side stand right side stand and corresponding a section of thick bamboo passes through fixing bolt and connects.

5. The method for accelerating germination and cultivation of cucumbers in greenhouses in northern cold areas according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the early management is from field planting to melon strip harvesting, the management in the period is called early management, the early management center is mainly root promoting and seedling control, the air temperature and the illumination in the period are obviously reduced but do not reach the lowest point, the favorable climate condition in the period is fully utilized, the management is enhanced, the root development is promoted, and the adaptability of plants to low temperature, weak light and special weather is enhanced.

6. The method for accelerating germination and cultivation of cucumbers in greenhouses in northern cold areas according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the middle-term management refers to the management from root cucumber harvesting to 3 months last, namely middle-term management, which is the time when the temperature is lowest in winter cucumber production and the illumination is weakest, the management is the most difficult time, and the peak of yield and output value is formed; enhancing water and fertilizer management and prolonging the harvesting period: after 4 months, in order to prevent plant aging and fertilizer loss and prolong the harvesting period as much as possible, attention is paid to enhancing the management of fertilizer water, water is poured once in 5-7 days generally, fertilizer is applied once in 7-10 days, and the quality of the water flush fertilizer is ensured; if the flower has topping and is in an atrophied state, pinching and pinching are adopted to promote growth of the first-crop-back melons; in order to improve the commodity rate of the melon strips, bent melons, diseased melons and redundant small melons are removed in time.

7. The method for accelerating germination and cultivation of cucumbers in greenhouses in northern cold areas according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the humidity management after planting specifically comprises the following steps: the management measures of low temperature and low humidity are implemented, the air humidity is controlled to be 60-80% in the daytime and is maintained to be 85-90% at night, and the leaves do not drip in the morning; the watering frequency is reduced, the watering is not needed in drought, the air is greatly blown after watering, and the aerosol and the dust are selected during the administration.

8. The method for accelerating germination and cultivation of cucumbers in greenhouses in northern cold areas according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature management after field planting specifically comprises the following steps: the early stage of cucumber cultivation in early spring is mainly heat preservation and cold protection, generally, before seedling reviving stage, no wind is released to strengthen cold protection at night, seedling reviving needs 7 days, and various measures are taken to improve the night temperature and promote seedling reviving; after seedling is delayed, the period from root melon to root melon is 20 days, the temperature is properly controlled, the temperature is 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and is 12-16 ℃ at night, and excessive growth is prevented; the full fruit period is 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 16-18 ℃ at night.

9. The method for accelerating germination and cultivation of cucumbers in greenhouses in northern cold areas according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fertilizer and water management and intertillage after planting specifically comprises the following steps: in early spring, the temperature of the cultivation land is low, the planting water needs to be small properly, the seedling reviving water is poured after the seedling reviving, intertillage is carried out after the watering, and the seedlings are squatted; watering is carried out after the root melons are harvested, watering is carried out once every 5 days, watering is carried out in the morning on sunny days, and watering is carried out once after sudden raining in summer; ventilating in time after watering to reduce the air humidity in the shed; supplementing nutrients in time along with the increase of the melon harvest amount, determining the variety and the number of top dressing according to the harvest amount and the plant performance, starting top dressing with water at the fourth water, if the color of the leaves and the melon strips is darker, taking nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer as the auxiliary fertilizer, paying attention to the supplement of calcium, magnesium and other trace elements, and dissolving the fertilizer with water for top dressing during application; if the plant color is light and the leaves are large, the phosphorus potassium fertilizer is mainly used; the topdressing amount follows the principle of eating less and eating more, and the overlarge topdressing amount at one time is avoided; and 3 months later, watering and applying fully decomposed and fermented thin manure and biogas slurry and biogas residues.

10. The method for accelerating germination and cultivation of cucumbers in greenhouses in northern cold areas according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the management of vine hanging and pruning after field planting comprises the following specific steps: and (3) timely lifting or transplanting the seedlings or the frame when the cucumbers grow to 5 days, winding or binding the seedlings every 2-3 days, timely removing all lateral branches and tendrils, pinching or twisting the tips when the cucumber seedlings approach a greenhouse film, and timely removing diseased and old leaves at the lower part.