CN111226511A - 毫米波频带用电磁波吸收片和毫米波电磁波吸收方法 - Google Patents

毫米波频带用电磁波吸收片和毫米波电磁波吸收方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111226511A
CN111226511A CN201880067736.7A CN201880067736A CN111226511A CN 111226511 A CN111226511 A CN 111226511A CN 201880067736 A CN201880067736 A CN 201880067736A CN 111226511 A CN111226511 A CN 111226511A
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electromagnetic wave
layer
wave absorption
protective layer
range
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CN201880067736.7A
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CN111226511B (zh
Inventor
长野利昭
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Kansai Paint Co Ltd
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Kansai Paint Co Ltd
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Abstract

提供在毫米波频带的频率下具有优异的电磁波吸收性能、轻质且可挠性优异的片状的电磁波吸收体。毫米波频带用电磁波吸收片、以及使用上述电磁波吸收片的毫米波频带的电磁波吸收方法和设置上述电磁波吸收片的电磁波故障的防止方法,该毫米波频带用电磁波吸收片具备电磁波反射层(A)、在该层(A)的上部平行地配置的电磁波吸收层(B)、和在该层(B)的上部平行地配置的保护层(C),层(B)的频率79GHz下的相对介电常数的实数部为10~20,虚数部的绝对值为4~10,层(B)的膜厚为200~400μm,上述相对介电常数的虚数部/实数部的绝对值在0.30~0.60的范围内,层(C)的频率79GHz下的相对介电常数的实数部为1.5~8.0,虚数部的绝对值为不到1.0,膜厚为50~200μm,入射角60°的光反射率为50%以上,入射角20°的光反射率在25%以上。

Description

毫米波频带用电磁波吸收片和毫米波电磁波吸收方法
技术领域
本发明涉及在毫米波频带的频率下具有优异的吸收性能的片状的电磁波吸收体和毫米波电磁波吸收方法。
背景技术
收音机、电视机、无线通信等通信设备发射电磁波,除此以外,由于最近的信息技术的发展而急增的移动电话、个人电脑等电子设备也发射电磁波。目前为止,作为用于避免电子设备、通信设备等的由电磁波引起的误动作的一个方法,进行了在电磁波发生部位附近或远方设置高效率地吸收电磁波、将吸收的电磁波转换为热能的电磁波吸收体(ElectroMagneticAbsorber、EMA)。
作为在电磁波发生部位远方设置电磁波吸收体的例子,例如有高速公路的自动收费系统(ETC)用途。ETC是在汽车通过高速公路的收费处出口时,在收费处具备的公路侧器天线与车载器侧天线之间使用频率5.8GHz的微波来交换计费信息等的系统。在引入了该ETC系统的收费处,由于从天线发射的微波碰到收费处屋顶等而被反射、或者不需要的电磁波从邻接的ETC车道泄漏等原因,有时通信上发生异常。因此,进行了通过在收费处屋顶、ETC车道之间设置电磁波吸收体从而抑制通信异常。(专利文献1等)。
因而电磁波吸收体被广泛地利用,根据目的、用途开发出了各种材质、形状的电磁波吸收体。
作为在宽频带吸收电磁波的电磁波吸收体,有金字塔型电磁波吸收体和层叠型电磁波吸收体等。
所谓金字塔型电磁波吸收体,是指电磁波透过吸收材料内部期间电磁波的能量衰减的类型的电磁波吸收体。专利文献2中记载了将以发泡聚乙烯等发泡性有机树脂作为基材,混炼炭黑、石墨等导电性材料而成的材料成型为几个金字塔型相连的形状的电磁波吸收体。通过电磁波吸收体自身为金字塔型这样的凹凸形状,从而能够使电磁波吸收体表面部(电磁波的到来方向)的截面积变小,抑制表面部处的入射电磁波的反射,电磁波变得容易进入吸收体内部,随着吸收体截面积增加,认为能够将进入吸收体内部的电磁波高效率地转换为热能。
另一方面,层叠型的电磁波吸收体通过将电磁波反射层与多个电磁波吸收层层叠从而吸收电磁波,例如专利文献3中公开了在金属板的表面形成了包含金属粉末和粘结剂的磁性损失层的电磁波吸收体。
近年来,电子设备、通信设备逐渐向利用高频率的电磁波的制品过渡。例如,用于防止汽车碰撞时,将毫米波雷达搭载到车上,另外,航空航天事业中使用的大电力照射用雷达等也利用毫米波的电磁波,在广阔的领域中使用毫米波频带的电磁波。
虽然开发了吸收毫米波频带的电磁波的电磁波吸收体,但其多数为金字塔型,存在如下问题:由于经年、热等,基材变质·变形,电磁波吸收性降低。另外,金字塔型电磁波吸收体体积大,因此也存在如下问题:根据设置场所,安装困难,制造工序烦杂。
进而,现有的层叠型电磁波吸收体在毫米波频带的电磁波吸收性、特别是吸收频率频带宽度方面,尚未达到足够的水平。因此,在技术上难以设计在毫米波频带宽度宽范围地吸收、进而能够粘贴于曲面的轻质且具有可挠性的电磁波吸收体。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2001-217645号公报
专利文献2:日本特开平6-334382号公报
专利文献3:日本特开平8-288684号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
本发明的目的在于提供在76至81GHz的毫米波频带中具有优异的电磁波吸收性能、轻质且可挠性优异的片状的电磁波吸收体、以及使用了其的电磁波吸收方法和电磁波故障的防止方法。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明人对于上述课题进行了深入研究,结果发现:在与电磁波反射层组合的电磁波吸收层和在其上所配置的保护层满足特定的条件的情况下,毫米波频带的电磁波吸收特性大幅显现。
即,本发明涉及毫米波频带用电磁波吸收片、以及使用上述电磁波吸收片的毫米波频带的电磁波吸收方法和设置上述电磁波吸收片的电磁波故障的防止方法,该毫米波频带用电磁波吸收片具备电磁波反射层(A)、在所述电磁波反射层(A)的上部平行地配置的电磁波吸收层(B)、和在所述电磁波吸收层(B)的上部平行地配置的保护层(C);所述电磁波吸收层(B)的频率79GHz下的相对介电常数的实数部为10~20的范围内,虚数部的绝对值为4~10的范围内,所述电磁波吸收层(B)的膜厚在200~400μm的范围内,所述相对介电常数的虚数部/实数部比的绝对值在0.30~0.60的范围内;所述保护层(C)的频率79GHz下的相对介电常数的实数部为1.5~8.0的范围内,虚数部的绝对值为不到1.0,所述保护层(C)的膜厚在50~200μm的范围内,所述保护层(C)的光反射率在入射角60°处为50%以上,在入射角20°处为25%以上。
附图说明
图1为示出构成电磁波吸收片的各层的关系的概略图。
图2为电磁波吸收特性图表的一例。
具体实施方式
以下基于附图,对根据本发明的毫米波频带用电磁波吸收片的实施方式进行说明。本说明书中,毫米波频带是指防止碰撞、自动行驶用的频率即76~81GHz。
图1为示出构成本发明的电磁波吸收片的各层的关系的概略图。
在该图1中,在电磁波反射层(A)上依次层叠有电磁波吸收层(B)、保护层(C)。本电磁波吸收片以电磁波α从上述保护层(C)侧入射的方式使用。应予说明,在图1中为了说明,在各层之间设置了空间,但在本发明中通常各层是相互密合的。
<电磁波反射层(A)>
上述电磁波反射层(A)使一边衰减一边透过后述的电磁波吸收层(B)而到达了反射层A的电磁波α在其表面反射。
对上述电磁波反射层(A)的材质并无限制,一般使用金属片。金属片中也包含金属箔。作为金属的种类,例如能够列举出马口铁、黄铜、铜、铁、镍、不锈钢、铝等。
作为电磁波反射层(A)的膜厚,并无特别限制,从最终得到的电磁波吸收片的可挠性、设置作业性(安装作业性)等方面出发,优选在10~500μm的范围内,特别优选在30~300μm的范围内。
本说明书中,膜厚能够如下求出:使用SEM观察试验体的截面,从得到的图像任意地选择3处,利用其平均值求出。
<电磁波吸收层(B)>
图1中上述电磁波吸收层(B)在电磁波反射层(A)的上部平行地配置,79GHz下的相对介电常数和膜厚满足特定条件。
《相对介电常数》
本发明中,重要的是用于决定相对介电常数的频率为79GHz。这是因为,大幅地偏离该值的情况下,即使以那个频率下的相对介电常数成为本发明范围的方式设计材料,最终得到的电磁波吸收片也难以在毫米波频带中发挥所期望的电磁波吸收性。
本说明书中,相对介电常数εr为由下述式(1)表示的值。
【数1】
εr=ε′+ε″i (1)
上述式(1)中,εr为相对介电常数,ε’表示相对介电常数的实数部,ε”表示相对介电常数的虚数部。其中,设为
Figure BDA0002454788820000051
另外,材料的79GHz处的介电常数ε(F/m)为由下述式(2)表示的值,本发明中定义的相对介电常数εr表示材料的介电常数ε(F/m)与真空的介电常数ε0(F/m)之比,无单位。
【数2】
ε=ε0×εr (2)
例如,相对介电常数εr由εr=5-3i表示的情况下,“相对介电常数的实数部ε’”为5,“相对介电常数的虚数部ε”的绝对值”为3。
本发明中,频率79GHz处的相对介电常数εr的测定采用自由空间S参数法(反射传送法)进行。例如,作为相对介电常数测定设备,使用向量型网络分析器(“PNA-X”商品名、KEYSIGHT公司制造),使用自由空间夹具和校正金属板,使用“N1500材料特性スイート”(商品名、KEYSIGHT公司制造、软件),能够由S参数的测定值通过模拟而求出。
相对介电常数根据频率而变化,因此在频率76~81GHz的范围内取得每个频率的相对介电常数数据,从上述数据中选择频率79GHz处的相对介电常数的值。
在本发明的电磁波吸收片中,电磁波吸收层(B)的特征在于,频率79GHz时的相对介电常数的实数部ε’在10~20的范围内,而且相对介电常数的虚数部ε”的绝对值在4~10的范围内,更优选相对介电常数的实数部ε’在12~18的范围内,相对介电常数的虚数部ε”的绝对值在4~8的范围内。
如果电磁波吸收层(B)的相对介电常数的实数部ε’不到10,则本电磁波吸收片的毫米波频带的电磁波吸收量低,超过20时本电磁波吸收片的毫米波频带的电磁波吸收量也倾向于降低,因此不优选。另外,如果电磁波吸收层(B)的相对介电常数的虚数部ε”的绝对值不到4,则电磁波吸收量低,另一方面,如果超过10,则毫米波频带的电磁波吸收量降低,因此不优选。
电磁波吸收层(B)可以是包含介电性粉末和粘结剂的膜。作为该膜,例如可以为将使介电性粉末在粘结剂中分散而成的分散物成型为膜状的膜,也可以是将包含粘结剂、介电性粉末和溶剂的电磁波吸收涂料组合物涂布、使其干燥而形成的涂膜。
《粘结剂》
作为上述粘结剂,主要使用聚合物。作为具体例,例如能够列举出酯橡胶、氯磺化聚乙烯橡胶、氯化橡胶、乙烯丙烯二烯橡胶、氯丁二烯橡胶(クロロプレンゴム)、天然橡胶、苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶、异戊二烯橡胶(イソプレンゴム)、丁二烯橡胶、丁基橡胶、乙烯丙烯橡胶、丙烯腈丁二烯橡胶、氯化丁基橡胶、溴化丁基橡胶等橡胶成分;聚酰亚胺、聚苯硫醚、虫胶、松香、聚烯烃树脂、烃树脂、偏二氯乙烯树脂、聚酰胺树脂、聚醚酮树脂、氯乙烯树脂、聚酯树脂、醇酸树脂、酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、丙烯酸系树脂、聚氨酯树脂、硅系树脂、纤维素系树脂、醋酸乙烯酯树脂等树脂成分、它们的组合等。
《介电性粉末》
作为介电性粉末,只要是具有介电性的粉末,任何的材质、形状的粉末都能够使用。例如可列举出Fe、Ni、Cr等金属;铁硅铝磁性合金(センダスト)、Fe-Cr-Al、Fe-Si-Cr等合金;锰-锌系铁氧体、锰-镍系铁氧体、镍-锌系铁氧体、铜-锌系铁氧体、锌铁氧体、钴铁氧体、磁铁矿等尖晶石铁氧体;钡铁氧体、锶铁氧体、M型铁氧体、Y型铁氧体、Z型铁氧体、W型铁氧体、U型铁氧体等六方晶铁氧体;钇铁等石榴石型铁氧体;羰基铁等金属化合物;微细还原铁粉和坡莫合金;ITO等导电性粉末;导电碳;绝缘碳等。这些可单独地使用,也可多种组合使用。
作为介电性粉末的平均粒径,优选0.001~500μm,更优选0.01~100μm。另外,在介电性粉末为针状形状的情况下,平均短径优选0.001~500μm,更优选0.01~100μm。
本说明书中,介电性粉末的平均粒径或平均短径通过使用SEM观察本发明电磁波吸收片的SEM图像来测定。
再有,作为上述介电性粉末,从本发明的电磁波吸收片的毫米波频带的电磁波吸收性的方面出发,优选包含铁氧体类作为其成分的一部分。
作为铁氧体类,能够列举出锰-锌系铁氧体、锰-镍系铁氧体、镍-锌系铁氧体、铜-锌系铁氧体、锌系铁氧体、钴铁氧体、磁铁矿等尖晶石铁氧体;钡铁氧体、锶铁氧体、M型铁氧体、Y型铁氧体、Z型铁氧体、W型铁氧体、U型铁氧体等六方晶铁氧体;钇铁等石榴石型铁氧体等;以及这些的2种以上的组合。
再有,铁氧体一般作为磁性体发挥作用,但由于在76~81GHz下不显示磁性,因此在本发明中作为介电体对待。
作为电磁波吸收层(B)中所含的介电性粉末的量,可根据介电性粉末的种类来适当地调整,一般以粘结剂100质量份为基准,适合为50~500质量份,优选为100~400质量份。
为了以高水平发挥毫米波频带的电磁波吸收性,电磁波吸收层(B)的膜厚也是重要的因素。在本发明中,电磁波吸收层(B)的膜厚在200~400μm的范围内,优选为200~300μm。如果电磁波吸收层(B)的膜厚不到200μm,则本电磁波吸收片的毫米波频带的电磁波吸收性降低,另一方面,超过400μm时毫米波频带的电磁波吸收性也降低。
另外,在本发明中,除了电磁波吸收层(B)的相对介电常数、膜厚以外,tgδ值作为具有毫米波频带中的电磁波吸收性的指标是重要的。
只有在电磁波吸收层(B)满足相对介电常数、膜厚的条件,而且tgδ值处于0.30~0.60的范围内的情况下,本发明的电磁波吸收片的毫米波频带处的电磁波吸收性才能够充分地发挥。
所谓tgδ值,是表示介电体内的电能损失的程度的数值,本说明书中通过算出相对介电常数的虚数部/实数部比的绝对值而得到。
作为tgδ值,更优选为0.35~0.48。
本发明中,电磁波吸收层(B)可以是单层结构,也可以是多层结构,在为单层结构的情况下,能够削减作为最终产物的电磁波吸收片的制造所需的时间,同时能够适度地具有毫米波频带的电磁波吸收性和可挠性,是有效的。
<保护层(C)>
在图1中上述保护层(C)平行地配置于电磁波吸收层(B)的上部,是本发明的电磁波吸收片具备所期望的毫米波频带的电磁波吸收性的必要构成成分。而且如图1那样,需要依次地在电磁波反射层(A)上配置电磁波吸收层(B),然后在电磁波吸收层(B)上配置保护层(C)。在本发明中,如果缺少电磁波反射层(A)、电磁波吸收层(B)或保护层(C)的任一个,则本电磁波吸收片在毫米波频带中不能发挥充分的电磁波吸收性。
另外,通过设置保护层(C),能够保护位于其下层的各层,对电磁波吸收片赋予外观设计。
保护层(C)可以是成型的膜,也可以是将涂料组合物涂布、使其干燥而成的涂膜。另外,保护层(C)可以由单层结构构成,也可以是多层结构。
另外,在本发明中,其特征在于,保护层(C)的光反射率在入射角60°处为50%以上,在入射角20°处为25%以上。如果光反射率在该范围外,则电磁波吸收片没有发挥充分的毫米波吸收性,耐候性、可挠性也降低,不优选。
作为保护层(C)的光反射率,在入射角60°处为50%以上、优选60~92%,并且在入射角20°处为25%以上、优选在30~80%的范围内是适合的。
本说明书中,作为光反射率,对在隐蔽率试验纸的黑底上静置的测定对象物表面照射入射角X度(X为60°或20°)的来自光源的光,测定其镜面反射光束(ψs),以同一条件下的折射率n=1.567的玻璃面的镜面反射光束(ψos)为基准,为用其比表示的数值[Gs(X)=ψs/ψos×100(%)],是采用按照JISZ8741的方法所测定的值。例如能够使用“BYKガードナース公司制造·マイクロトリグロ”(使用LED光源)等光泽度计来测定。
本发明中,上述保护层(C)的膜厚和光反射率处于本发明范围是重要的,对保护层(C)的材质并无特别限制,包含聚合物(合成树脂)作为粘结剂的膜是适合的。作为该聚合物,能够列举出与在电磁波吸收层(B)的说明中例示的化合物同样的聚合物,其中氯乙烯树脂、聚氨酯树脂为宜。
本说明书中,作为包含聚氨酯树脂的膜,不仅包含使用聚氨酯树脂作为粘结剂的聚氨酯树脂膜,也包含将含羟基的树脂和包含多异氰酸酯的成分混合、涂布并使其固化而得到的膜作为聚氨酯树脂膜。
在保护层(C)包含氯乙烯树脂作为粘结剂的情况下,可只含有氯乙烯树脂,也可进一步含有其他树脂,例如聚氨酯树脂、(甲基)丙烯酸系树脂等。
另外,从电磁波吸收片的耐候性的观点出发,保护层(C)含有着色剂是适合的。作为着色剂,能够使用着色颜料或染料。
作为着色颜料,能够使用以往公知的着色颜料。例如可列举出炭黑、氧化铜、四氧化三铁、二氧化锰、苯胺黑、活性炭等黑色颜料;铬黄、锌黄、镉黄、黄色氧化铁、矿物耐晒黄、镍钛黄、拿蒲黄(ネーブルスエロー)、萘酚黄S、汉萨黄、联苯胺黄G、联苯胺黄GR、喹啉黄色淀、永久黄NCG、酒石黄色淀等黄色颜料;铁丹、镉红、铅丹、硫化汞、镉、永久红4R、立索尔红、吡唑啉酮红、外观红(ウオッチングレッド)、钙盐、色淀红D、亮胭脂红6B、曙红色淀、若丹明色淀B、茜素色淀、亮胭脂红3B等红色颜料;绀青、钴蓝、碱性蓝色淀、维多利亚蓝色淀、酞菁蓝、无金属酞菁蓝、酞菁蓝部分氯化物、耐晒天蓝、阴丹士林蓝BC等青色颜料;铬绿、氧化铬、颜料绿B、孔雀绿色淀、最终黄绿G(ファイナルイエローグリーンG)等绿色颜料;氧化锌、氧化钛、锑白、硫化锌等白色颜料等。这些可单独地使用,也可多种组合使用。另一方面,作为染料,例如使用碱性染料、酸性染料、分散染料、直接染料等。作为这样的染料,可列举出苯胺黑、亚甲基蓝、玫瑰红、喹啉黄、群青蓝等。
作为着色剂的配合量,根据使用的种类而异,从毫米波频带的电磁波吸收性的观点出发,一般地,以构成保护层(C)的着色膜中所含的聚合物的质量为基准,优选在0.1~300质量份的范围内,特别优选在5~150质量份的范围内。
优选保护层(C)的隐蔽率在50%以上、特别是70%以上的范围内。
本说明书中,保护层(C)的隐蔽率是如下的值:例如将保护层(C)放置于按照JISK5600 4-1的B法的隐蔽率试验纸,经由保护层(C)在白色部(YW)和黑色部(YB)分别测定三刺激值Y,用百分率算出YB/YW。
为了以高水平发挥毫米波频带的电磁波吸收性,保护层(C)的膜厚也重要。在本发明中,特征在于保护层(C)的膜厚在50~200μm的范围,更优选在50~100μm的范围内。如果保护层(C)的膜厚不到50μm,则本电磁波吸收片的毫米波频带的电磁波吸收性降低,另一方面,如果超过200μm,则本电磁波吸收片的毫米波频带的电磁波吸收性降低、或者重量变重。
本发明中,作为保护层(C)单独的频率79GHz处的相对介电常数,实数部ε’优选在1.5~8.0的范围内,特别优选在2.0~5.0的范围内,而且,相对介电常数的虚数部ε”的绝对值优选在不到1.0的范围内,特别优选在不到0.1的范围内。而且,tgδ值优选在0.1以下、特别是0.01以下的范围内。
<电磁波吸收片>
本发明的电磁波吸收片由电磁波反射层(A)、电磁波吸收层(B)和保护层(C)构成,使各层附着时使用公知的手法。各层可通过将液体涂料涂布、使其干燥而形成,在通过膜粘贴来形成的情况下,在各膜间根据需要可设置粘接层(P)。
<粘接层(P)>
粘接层(P)是为了提高各层间的附着性、提高本电磁波吸收片的耐久性而根据需要设置的层。
作为构成粘接层(P)的粘接剂的形态,水分散系、溶液系、双液混合系、固体系、胶带系均可。作为材质,并无特别限制,可以是有机系粘接剂,也可以是无机系粘接剂。
作为有机系粘接剂,例如可列举出醋酸乙烯酯系、醋酸乙烯酯树脂乳液系、乙烯基树脂系、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯树脂系、聚醋酸乙烯酯树脂系、环氧树脂系、聚乙烯醇系、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯系、氯乙烯系、α-烯烃系、丙烯酸系树脂系、聚酰胺系、聚酰亚胺系、纤维素系、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮系、聚苯乙烯系、聚苯乙烯树脂系、氰基丙烯酸酯系、聚乙烯醇缩乙醛系、聚氨酯树脂系、聚烯烃树脂系、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂系、聚芳族系、脲树脂系、三聚氰胺树脂系、酚醛树脂系、间苯二酚系、氯丁二烯橡胶系、腈橡胶系、苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶系、聚苯并咪唑系、热塑性弹性体系、丁基橡胶系、有机硅系、改性硅系、硅烷化氨基甲酸酯系、聚氨酯橡胶系、聚磺胺系(ポリサルファイト系)、丙烯酸系橡胶系等合成系粘接剂;以及淀粉系、天然橡胶系、沥青、动物胶、阿拉伯树胶、漆、酪蛋白、大豆蛋白、松脂等天然系粘接剂;反应性热熔粘接剂等。
作为无机系粘接剂,能够列举出硅酸钠、胶黏剂系(波特兰水泥、灰泥、石膏、镁水泥、一氧化铅胶黏剂、牙科用胶黏剂等)和陶瓷等。
在上述的粘接剂中,从本电磁波吸收片的可挠性、毫米波频带的电磁波吸收性的观点出发,优选合成系粘接剂的使用。
另外,作为粘接层(P)的膜厚,并无特别限制,从毫米波频带的电磁波吸收性的观点出发,一般地,能够为100μm以下、特别是7~80μm的范围内。
<电磁波吸收方法>
本发明提供使用如上所述的电磁波吸收片从而吸收毫米波频带的电磁波的方法。
另外,本发明提供电磁波故障(电磁波干扰)的防止方法,其在成为产生误动作的电磁波故障的原因的电磁波反射体上设置上述电磁波吸收片,或者在上述电磁波反射体与电磁波接收装置之间设置上述电磁波吸收片。
作为用于直接设置或在附近设置本发明的电磁波吸收片的上述电磁波反射体,只要是处于产生毫米波频带的电磁波的环境中的物品·结构体,则并无特别限制。
如果作为具体例列举例子,能够列举出中央隔离带、隧道内壁、隔音壁、防音壁、道路标识、护轨、道路反射镜、电线杆、信号器、交通标识、街道树、道路照明灯杆等位于汽车行驶用道路附近的物品·结构体等。
实施例
以下通过实施例对本发明更具体地说明,但本发明并不只限定于这些实施例。应予说明,下述例中的“份”和“%”分别指“质量份”和“质量%”。
<电磁波吸收片的制造>
实施例1
在纵向30cm、横向30cm、厚度50μm的铝箔(Al箔)上设置10μm粘接层(氰基丙烯酸酯系粘接剂),层叠相对于EPDM橡胶(乙烯丙烯二烯橡胶)100份,将MnZn铁氧体(锰·锌系铁氧体、平均粒径0.7μm)150份混炼、成型而成的膜厚230μm的单层结构的片材,进而在其上设置10μm粘接层(氰基丙烯酸酯系粘接剂),粘贴膜厚80μm的保护片(注),得到了电磁波吸收片(X-1)。
注)保护片:含有氯乙烯树脂和氧化钛的着色膜。相对于氯乙烯树脂100质量份,氧化钛的量为80质量份,入射角60°的光反射率为78,入射角20°的光反射率为40。
实施例2~12和比较例1~10
除了使电磁波吸收层、保护层的材质、厚度如表1记载那样以外,与实施例1同样地得到了片状的电磁波吸收片(X-2)~(X-22)。应予说明,表中phr是指相对于粘结剂100质量份的各成分的质量比率。另外,表中,在保护层的相对介电常数的栏中记载的j与表示电磁波吸收层的相对介电常数的i同义。因此,实施例1的保护层的相对介电常数的实数部为4.0,虚数部的绝对值为0.005。
【表1】
Figure BDA0002454788820000141
【表2】
Figure BDA0002454788820000151
【表3】
Figure BDA0002454788820000161
【表4】
Figure BDA0002454788820000171
(注)MnZn铁氧体:锰·锌系铁氧体、平均粒径0.7μm、
(注)MnNi铁氧体:锰·镍系铁氧体、平均粒径0.4μm。
<评价试验>
采用下述标准、方法对上述实施例和比较例中制作的电磁波吸收片(X-1)~(X-22)进行评价,与各电磁波吸收片具有的性状值一起示于表1中。应予说明,表1中,电磁波吸收层(B)的相对介电常数、保护层(C)的入射角度60°的光反射率和入射角度20°的光反射率采用说明书中记载的方法求出。
(*)各电磁波吸收片的电磁波吸收性测定
在将电磁波吸收量为-30dB以上的电磁波吸收体设置于房间的壁面和地板面的电磁波暗室中,使用毫米波电磁波吸收测定装置测定了各电磁波吸收片的电磁波吸收性。具体地,以电磁波吸收测定装置中具备的发射用喇叭形天线与接收用喇叭形天线的入射和反射角度相对于地板面的垂直面分别成为10°的方式设置发射用喇叭形天线和接收用喇叭形天线,以与各个天线相距45cm的方式放置金属反射板,将反射回来的信号用接收用喇叭形天线接收,将其电磁波反射率设为100%。接下来,移除金属反射板,将反射回来的信号用接收用喇叭形天线接收,将其电磁波反射率设为0%。然后,在放置金属反射板的位置放置测定试样,对于各种频率测定从测定试样表面反射回来的电磁波反射量,得到了以频率(GHz)作为横轴、以电磁波吸收量(dB)作为纵轴的电磁波吸收特性图表。在图2中示出电磁波吸收特性图表的一例。
(*)峰值频率处的电磁波吸收量
在通过上述电磁波吸收量测定得到的电磁波吸收特性图表中,将电磁波吸收量最多的频率设为峰值频率,求出该峰值频率处的电磁波吸收量,记载于表中。应予说明,表中的电磁波吸收量的数值越低,意味着电磁波吸收量越多,越良好。
(*)电磁波吸收量为-20dB以上的频带宽度
为电磁波吸收量-20dB处的、最大吸收频率fu与最小吸收频率fl之差,用下式表示。bw=fu-fl。
表中的数值越大,意味着毫米波区域中的频带宽度越宽,为良好。应予说明,表中“-”的符号意味着由于电磁波吸收量尚未到达-20dB,因此宽度不能测定。
(*)可挠性
用手以180°折曲各电磁波吸收片(X-1)~(X-22)以使电磁波反射层朝下,采用下述标准评价了折曲作业性和折曲部的表面状态。
○:折曲作业性良好,在折曲部完全没有发现破损,
△:折曲作业性良好,但在折曲部发现若干破损,
×:折曲作业困难,在折曲部发现显著的破损。
(*耐候性)
在促进耐候性试验中,使用JISB7754中规定的超级氙灯天候老化仪(スーパーキセノンウェザオメーター)(商品名、スガ试验机会社制造),将采用1小时42分钟的氙弧灯的照射和18分钟的降雨的条件的合计2小时作为1个循环,进行了500个循环的反复试验结束后的试验体的目视评价。
○:在片材表面完全没有发现异常,
△:在片材表面,虽然与初期相比发现少量的银纹(ツヤビケ),但没有破裂,
×:在片材表面明显地发现破裂。
(考察)
根据表1的结果,以下对于本发明的效果进行考察。
实施例1~12为本发明中规定的范围内的电磁波吸收片。
比较例1和2为电磁波吸收层(B)的膜厚在本发明中规定的范围以外的电磁波吸收片。
比较例3是减少电磁波吸收层(B)中所含的锰·锌铁氧体的含量、电磁波吸收层(B)的相对介电常数虚数部低于本发明中规定的范围的电磁波吸收片。
比较例4是增加电磁波吸收层(B)中所含的锰·锌铁氧体的含量、电磁波吸收层的相对介电常数实数部在本发明中规定的范围以外的电磁波吸收片。
比较例5是保护层(C)的膜厚在本发明中规定的范围以外的电磁波吸收片。
比较例6是不具备保护层(C)的电磁波吸收片。
比较例7是不具备电磁波反射层(A)的电磁波吸收片。
比较例8和9是tgδ值在本发明范围以外的电磁波吸收片。
比较例10是保护层(C)的光反射率在本发明范围以外的电磁波吸收片。
由采用以上制备的电磁波吸收片得到的毫米波频带的电磁波吸收特性和可挠性试验、耐候性试验结果,可以说明以下内容。
只有具备电磁波反射层(A)、电磁波吸收层(B)和保护层(C)的全部,同时配置关系如规定那样,电磁波吸收层(B)和保护层(C)的膜厚为规定范围内,电磁波吸收层的相对介电常数和保护层的光反射率在本发明规定的范围内,才可得到毫米波吸收性非常优异、频带宽度宽、可挠性、耐候性优异的电磁波吸收片。
在电磁波吸收层(B)不满足膜厚的条件的情况下,不能充分发挥电磁波吸收片的毫米波吸收性,只有电磁波吸收层(B)的膜厚在本发明规定的范围时,毫米波电磁波吸收性和频带宽度才飞跃性地增大。(实施例1与比较例1、2的对比)。
在电磁波吸收层(B)不满足相对介电常数的条件的情况下,不能充分发挥电磁波吸收片的毫米波吸收性,只有电磁波吸收层(B)的相对介电常数在本发明规定的范围时,毫米波电磁波吸收性和频带宽度才飞跃性地增大。(实施例1与比较例3和4的对比)。
对于无电磁波反射层(A)的电磁波吸收片而言,不能充分发挥电磁波吸收片的毫米波吸收性。但是,通过将所有的层组合,毫米波电磁波吸收性和频带宽度飞跃性地增大。(实施例1与7的对比)。
对于无保护层(C)的电磁波吸收片而言,虽然具有某种程度的毫米波吸收性,但并不充分。另外,在使保护层(C)的膜厚过度变大的情况下,毫米波吸收性也不充分。(实施例1与比较例5、6的对比)
对于电磁波吸收层(B)的tgδ值不在规定范围内的电磁波吸收片而言,虽然具有某种程度的毫米波吸收性,但完全不充分。只有tgδ值在本发明规定的范围时,毫米波电磁波吸收性和频带宽度才飞跃性地增大。(实施例1与比较例8和9的对比)。
对于保护层(C)的光反射率不在规定范围内的电磁波吸收片而言,虽然具有某种程度的毫米波吸收性,但并不充分,另外,耐候性差,未达到实用水平。(实施例1与比较例10的对比)。

Claims (10)

1.毫米波频带用电磁波吸收片,该毫米波频带用电磁波吸收片具备电磁波反射层(A)、在所述电磁波反射层(A)的上部平行地配置的电磁波吸收层(B)、和在所述电磁波吸收层(B)的上部平行地配置的保护层(C);
所述电磁波吸收层(B)的频率79GHz下的相对介电常数的实数部为10~20的范围内,虚数部的绝对值为4~10的范围内,所述电磁波吸收层(B)的膜厚在200~400μm的范围内,所述相对介电常数的虚数部/实数部的绝对值在0.30~0.60的范围内;
所述保护层(C)的频率79GHz下的相对介电常数的实数部为1.5~8.0的范围内,虚数部的绝对值为不到1.0,所述保护层(C)的膜厚在50~200μm的范围内,所述保护层(C)的光反射率在入射角60°处为50%以上,在入射角20°处为25%以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电磁波吸收片,其中,所述电磁波吸收层(B)为包含介电性粉末和粘结剂的膜。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电磁波吸收片,其中,以所述电磁波吸收层(B)中所含的所述粘结剂100质量份为基准,所述电磁波吸收层(B)包含50~500质量份的所述介电性粉末。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的电磁波吸收片,其中,所述电磁波吸收层(B)是将使所述介电性粉末在所述粘结剂中分散而成的分散物成型为膜状的膜。
5.根据权利要求2或3所述的电磁波吸收片,其中,所述电磁波吸收层(B)是将包含所述粘结剂、所述介电性粉末和溶剂的电磁波吸收涂料组合物涂布、使其干燥而形成的涂膜。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的电磁波吸收片,其中,所述保护层(C)为包含选自氯乙烯树脂、聚氨酯树脂和聚烯烃树脂中的至少一种树脂作为粘结剂的膜。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电磁波吸收片,其中,所述保护层(C)为包含着色剂的着色膜。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的电磁波吸收片,其为所述电磁波反射层(A)、所述电磁波吸收层(B)和所述保护层(C)依次平行地配置而成的。
9.毫米波频带的电磁波吸收方法,其使用权利要求1-8中任一项所述的电磁波吸收片。
10.电磁波故障的防止方法,其中,在成为产生误动作的电磁波故障的原因的电磁波反射体设置权利要求1-8中任一项所述的电磁波吸收片,或者在所述电磁波反射体与电磁波接收装置之间设置权利要求1-8中任一项所述的电磁波吸收片。
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