CN111034522A - Transplanting and domesticating method for quercus acutissima tissue culture seedlings - Google Patents
Transplanting and domesticating method for quercus acutissima tissue culture seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 241000593922 Quercus acutissima Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 52
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- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 compound sodium nitrophenolate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 10
- MKWYFZFMAMBPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium feredetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O MKWYFZFMAMBPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 10
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- 241000219428 Fagaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001480055 Quercus mongolica Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000009089 Quercus robur Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011471 Quercus robur Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008289 Quercus suber Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- AXKBOWBNOCUNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-nitrophenolate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O AXKBOWBNOCUNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000030118 somatic embryogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Botany (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A method for domesticating and transplanting quercus acutissima tissue culture seedlings belongs to the technical field of plant transplanting and domesticating, and comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a rooting seedling; 2) preparing a transplanting container and a domestication substrate; 3) preparing a domesticated seedbed; 4) and managing the temperature, humidity, illumination and matrix humidity in the transplanted greenhouse. 5) And (5) field transplanting management. The invention provides a domestication and transplantation method capable of realizing large-scale production of quercus acutissima, which simplifies domestication procedures, saves cost by more than 30%, and realizes domestication and transplantation survival rate of 98% and field transplantation survival rate of 95%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant transplanting and domestication, and particularly relates to a method for domesticating and transplanting quercus acutissima tissue culture seedlings.
Background
Quercus acutissima Carr belongs to deciduous trees in Fagaceae, is one of main feed tree species of tussah, has the characteristics of drought resistance, barren resistance, powdery mildew resistance and early baking disease resistance, has high dry matter content (high carbohydrate content) in leaf quality, is high in ant harvesting and cocooning rate, is an excellent tree species for constructing seedling farms for autumn, and has the highest indexes of cocoon layer quantity, full cocoon quantity, cocoon layer rate and the like for stocking the tussah cocoons.
At present, part of China oak gardens for silkworm breeding are seriously desertified and degenerated, according to investigation, 53 ten thousand hectares of the oak gardens for silkworm breeding in Liaoning areas are degenerated, about 16 thousand hectares are degenerated, a large number of high-quality oak seedlings are urgently needed to carry out ecological oak garden restoration, but the damage rate of oak seed insect pests exceeds 60 percent, so that the breeding work of the oak seedlings is more than half a day. Meanwhile, the oak also has the problems of low leaf yield, single leaf nutrition and unbalanced nutrition, the yield and quality of the tussah cocoons and silks are seriously influenced, and the healthy and sustainable development of tussah industry in China is restricted. The method lays a foundation for the market demand of degraded oak garden ecological restoration and the innovation research of oak germplasm resources, and many researches are carried out on the fast propagation of quercus acutissima test-tube plantlets at present. The polygonous junction virus (2012), Okamura et al (2001), Kim et al (1997) have performed successive research on somatic embryogenesis and rapid propagation techniques of quercus acutissima, and all obtained regenerated plants, but no rooted seedlings. The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of gayan, Xioxinhong, Shishuping, Sun Juan, Qufang, conlian and Langqinglong, the material collection for reducing browning of explants of stem segments of perennial quercus acutissima and the condition of tissue culture are optimized [ J ] silkworm industry science 2015, 41(5): 793-. Zhao Dan, radix Puerariae, Thoro, Yu mu Kui, Quercus acutissima tissue culture and rapid propagation [ J ] Chinese agronomy report 2010, 26(15): 168) and 171, in vitro root seedlings were obtained with the seedlings germinated from seeds as explants, and a domestication and transplantation method was disclosed: when the root of the test-tube seedling grows to 3-4cm, opening the sealing film, hardening the seedling in the culture chamber for 3 days, then moving the seedling to a greenhouse for hardening for 2 days, taking out the seedling, washing off the culture medium, transplanting the seedling to a matrix mixed by sterilized humus soil and perlite (1:1), placing the seedling in the greenhouse, spraying and watering the seedling appropriately every day, and ensuring the transplanting survival rate to reach 80%. But has no specific technical key points, no reference, no realization of field transplantation and low practical application efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of immaturity, imperfection, fussy domestication procedure, high cost and the like of the quercus acutissima transplanting domestication technology. The invention aims to provide the domestication and transplantation method which has the advantages of low facility cost, simple domestication and transplantation procedure, short domestication period and high survival rate, can realize the large-scale production of quercus acutissima, and can save the cost by about 30 percent.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a method for domesticating and transplanting quercus acutissima tissue culture seedlings, wherein the domesticated and transplanted tissue culture seedlings are obtained from explants collected on quercus acutissima plants growing for 5 years, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a domestication field: the domestication room is selected beside the tissue culture room.
2) Preparation of acclimatized seedbed
The length of the seedbed is not limited, the width is 0.8-1.1 m, the depth is 6-10 cm, and the height is 70-90 cm; building an arch frame on the seedbed, wherein the height of the arch frame is 30-40 cm; and covering a transparent plastic film on the arch frame. And (3) hanging an LED full-spectrum plant growth lamp above the seedbed every 0.6m, wherein the height from the LED full-spectrum plant growth lamp to the seedbed is 45 cm.
The wavelength of the full-spectrum plant growth lamp is 400-800nm, and the power is 50W.
3) Selection and treatment of in-bottle rooted seedlings:
plants with 2-3 leaves and growing points are selected for rooting. After root primordia formation (i.e., 5-7 days after inoculation), light was increased to 3500 and 4000 lx.
Preparation of transplanting Container and acclimatization substrate
A6 x 6cm black plastic nutrition pot is used as a container, the matrix is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer matrix is perlite, and the lower layer matrix is perlite, turfy soil and quercus acutissima sawdust which are mixed according to a certain proportion. After the nutrition pot is filled, the nutrition pot is thoroughly watered with 800 times of carbendazim liquid, and the nutrition pot is placed for more than 2 hours to begin transplanting.
The lower-layer matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1-2 parts of turfy soil, 1 part of perlite and 1-2 parts of quercus acutissima sawdust are uniformly mixed and filled to the depth of half height (2.5-3.0 cm) of the nutrition pot, and the upper substrate perlite is 1.5-2.0cm deep.
The perlite has a diameter of 2-3mm, and the oak sawdust is powder obtained by pulverizing oak branches.
5) Transplanting of tissue culture seedlings
When the main root grows to 1-1.5cm (namely, rooting for 12-15 days), moving the culture bottle out of the culture chamber, opening a sealing film of the tissue culture bottle, clamping the base part of the plant by using forceps, slightly lifting the plant upwards, putting the plant into clear water at 18 ℃, cleaning a root culture medium, vertically putting the rooted seedling on a substrate of a nutrition pot, covering the root with perlite, and taking the condition that the root is just covered.
The perlite is sterilized by 800 times of carbendazim and has a diameter of 1-2 mm.
6) And managing the temperature, humidity, illumination and matrix humidity in the shed after transplanting.
Controlling the temperature and humidity of the seedbed in the arched shed at 23-25 deg.C and 95-100% in the first week after transplanting, and releasing wind for 3 times every day, each time for 15-20 min;
in the second week after transplanting, the temperature of the seedbed in the arched shed is controlled at 22-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 90-95%, and the air is released 3 times every day for 30min each time;
in the third week after transplanting, the temperature of the seedbed in the arched shed is controlled at 22-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 80-85%, and the air is released 3 times a day, each time for 40-60 min;
in the fourth week after transplanting, the temperature of the seedbed in the arched shed is controlled at 20-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 60-65%, and the seedbed is ventilated for 2 times every day, and each time lasts for 2 hours;
the illumination adopts an LED full-spectrum plant growth lamp, the illumination intensity is 2800lx, and the illumination is 12h every day.
7) After transplanting for two weeks, foliage fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces for 1 time.
The formula of the foliar fertilizer is as follows: ammonium Nitrate (NH)4N03) 20mg/L of calcium nitrate (Ca (NO)3)2.4H2O) 20mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH)2PO4) 8 mg/L and 4 mg/L of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid ferric sodium (NaFeEDTA). The above drugs are all collected from the analytical purification of the national drug group.
8) Removing the plastic film after four weeks, controlling the environmental temperature at 20-27 ℃, and achieving the domestication and transplantation survival rate of 98%.
9) And (5) field transplanting management.
After indoor domestication and survival for 2 months, transplanting the seedlings to a field with a nutrition pot from the beginning of 5 months to the end of 6 months in the north, shading and domesticating the seedlings by a shading net of 50-60 percent for 15 days, then removing the nutrition pot and planting the seedlings in the field. The roots are irrigated with the compound sodium nitrophenolate water agent, watering and weeding are carried out at proper time, the soil is kept dry and wet, and the survival rate is over 94 percent.
The compound sodium nitrophenolate agent is prepared by diluting 1.8 percent of the compound sodium nitrophenolate agent by 4000-6000 times and then irrigating the roots.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical progress and the beneficial effects that:
simple procedure, low cost and high survival rate of domesticated transplantation. The conventional seedling hardening process is omitted, the loss caused by culture medium pollution in the seedling hardening process is avoided, and the survival rate of domesticated transplanting is improved; the repeated transportation of the culture bottles from the tissue culture room to the greenhouse is omitted, the labor force is saved, and the seedling propagation cost is reduced.
The quercus acutissima tannin has high substance content and is very easy to brown, the roots are easy to stagger in the bottle when the roots are too long, and the roots are easy to damage and brown to die when seedlings are taken. In the prior art, the domestication and transplantation can be started only when the root length reaches 3-4cm, and the transplantation is started when the root length reaches 1.0-1.5cm, so that the rooting culture time is shortened, the inoculation quantity in a rooting seedling bottle is increased, and the cost is saved; the damage of root coiling is avoided, and the transplanting survival rate is high.
The domesticated seedling has good root growth and more lateral roots by using sawdust processed by branches cut off by tussah silkworm field wheels as a substrate. Realizes the recycling of the tussah silkworm field material and increases the yield of the tussah silkworm field.
And an LED full-spectrum plant growth lamp is adopted to supplement illumination, so that the plant grows fast, the leaves grow strongly, the cutin layers on the surfaces of the leaves are thick, the adaptability to natural light after transplanting is strong, and the survival rate of field transplanting is high.
The substrate is of a layered structure, the perlite on the upper layer does not contain nutrient substances, is loose and breathable, not only meets the requirement of the root on oxygen, but also reduces the damage of substrate pollution to the root, and after the root system grows, the substrate on the lower layer can meet the requirement of plants on nutrition, so that the survival rate is improved
And a nutrition pot is adopted as a domestication container, so that roots are not damaged during field transplanting, and the transplanting survival rate is high.
The method is invented on the basis of the theory that the oak seedlings can resist shade and can grow for 1-2 years under the tree crowns with larger canopy density, so that the domestication and transplanting method of the related tissue culture seedlings is not limited to quercus acutissima, and can be applied to quercus plants such as cork oak, quercus mongolica, quercus oacus oagularis, oakenia, quercus robur, quercus acutangula and the like.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
1) Selection and treatment of in-bottle rooted seedlings:
plants with 2-3 leaves and growing points are selected for rooting. After the root primordia were formed, the illumination was increased to 3500 and 4000 lx.
2) Preparation of acclimatized seedbed
The length of the seedbed is 2.2m, the width is 1m, the depth is 8cm, and the height is 80 cm; building an arch frame on the seedbed, wherein the height of the arch frame is 35 cm away from the seedbed; and covering a transparent plastic film on the arch frame. An LED full-spectrum plant growth lamp is hung above the seedbed every 0.6m, the wavelength is 400-800nm, the power is 50W, and the height is 45cm from the seedbed.
3) Preparation of transplanting container and acclimatization substrate
A6 x 6cm black plastic nutrition pot is used as a container, the matrix is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, and the lower layer is formed by perlite, turfy soil and quercus acutissima sawdust in a weight ratio of 1: 2: 2 mixing and loading to a thickness of 3 cm, the upper layer is perlite, and loading to a thickness of 2 cm. After the nutrition pot is filled, the nutrition pot is thoroughly watered with 800 times of carbendazim liquid, and the nutrition pot is placed for 2 hours to begin transplanting.
4) Transplantation of tissue-cultured rooted seedlings
When the main root grows to 1.0-1.5cm (namely, rooting for 12-15 days), the culture bottle is moved out of the culture chamber, a sealing film of the tissue culture bottle is opened, the base part of the plant is clamped by a pair of tweezers and is lifted up slightly, the plant is put into clear water at 18 ℃, a root culture medium is cleaned, the rooted seedling is vertically placed on a substrate of a nutrition pot, and the root is covered by sterilized perlite with the diameter of 1-2mm, taking the just covered root as the standard. After transplanting, spraying and watering to keep the humidity of the leaves, and covering a plastic film for moisturizing.
5) And managing the temperature, humidity, illumination and matrix humidity in the shed after transplanting.
Controlling the temperature and humidity of the seedbed in the arched shed at 23-25 deg.C and 95-100% in the first week after transplanting, and releasing wind for 3 times every day, each time for 15-20 min;
in the second week after transplanting, the temperature of the seedbed in the arched shed is controlled at 22-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 90-95%, and the air is released 3 times every day for 30min each time;
in the third week after transplanting, the temperature of the seedbed in the arched shed is controlled at 22-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 80-85%, and the air is released 3 times a day, each time for 40-60 min;
in the fourth week after transplanting, the temperature of the seedbed in the arched shed is controlled at 20-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 60-65%, and the seedbed is ventilated for 2 times every day, and each time lasts for 2 hours;
the illumination adopts an LED full-spectrum plant growth lamp, the illumination intensity is 2800lx, and the illumination is 12h every day.
6) And (5) spraying foliar fertilizer on the leaf surfaces for 1 time 20 days after transplanting. The formula of the foliar fertilizer is as follows: ammonium Nitrate (NH)4N03) 20mg/L of calcium nitrate (Ca (NO)3)2.4H2O) 20mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH)2PO4) 8 mg/L and 4 mg/L of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid ferric sodium (NaFeEDTA).
7) Removing the plastic film after four weeks, controlling the environmental temperature at 23-25 ℃, and achieving the domestication and transplantation survival rate of 98%.
8) And (5) field transplanting management.
After indoor acclimation and survival for 2 months, the seedlings are moved to a field with a nutrition pot, after being subjected to shading acclimation for 15 days by a 50% shading net, the nutrition pot is removed and planted in the field, and the seedlings are diluted 5000 times by 1.8% compound sodium nitrophenolate water agent to irrigate roots. Watering and weeding are carried out at proper time, the soil is kept dry and wet, and the survival rate is 98%.
Example 2
1) Selection and treatment of in-bottle rooted seedlings:
plants with 2-3 leaves and growing points are selected for rooting. After the root primordia were formed, the illumination was increased to 3500 and 4000 lx.
2) Preparation of acclimatized seedbed
The length of the seedbed is 2.2m, the width is 1m, the depth is 8cm, and the height is 80 cm; building an arch frame on the seedbed, wherein the height of the arch frame is 35 cm away from the seedbed; and covering a transparent plastic film on the arch frame. An LED full-spectrum plant growth lamp is hung above the seedbed every 0.6m, the wavelength is 400-800nm, the power is 50W, and the height is 45cm from the seedbed.
3) Preparation of transplanting container and acclimatization substrate
A6 x 6cm black plastic nutrition pot is used as a container, the matrix is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the lower layer is formed by perlite, turfy soil and quercus acutissima sawdust according to the mass ratio of 1: 2: 1 mixing and loading to a thickness of 3 cm, the upper layer is perlite, and loading to a thickness of 2 cm. After the nutrition pot is filled, the nutrition pot is thoroughly watered with 800 times of carbendazim liquid, and the nutrition pot is placed for 2 hours to begin transplanting.
4) Transplantation of tissue-cultured rooted seedlings
When the main root grows to 1.0-1.5cm (namely, rooting for 12-15 days), the culture bottle is moved out of the culture chamber, a sealing film of the tissue culture bottle is opened, the base part of the plant is clamped by a pair of tweezers and is lifted up slightly, the plant is put into clear water at 18 ℃, a root culture medium is cleaned, the rooted seedling is vertically placed on a substrate of a nutrition pot, and the root is covered by sterilized perlite with the diameter of 1-2mm, taking the just covered root as the standard. And (5) covering a plastic film for moisturizing after transplanting.
5) And managing the temperature, humidity, illumination and matrix humidity in the shed after transplanting.
Controlling the temperature and humidity of the seedbed in the arched shed at 23-25 deg.C and 95-100% in the first week after transplanting, and releasing wind for 3 times every day, each time for 15-20 min;
in the second week after transplanting, the temperature of the seedbed in the arched shed is controlled at 22-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 90-95%, and the air is released 3 times every day for 30min each time;
in the third week after transplanting, the temperature of the seedbed in the arched shed is controlled at 22-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 80-85%, and the air is released 3 times a day, each time for 40-60 min;
in the fourth week after transplanting, the temperature of the seedbed in the arched shed is controlled at 20-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 60-65%, and the seedbed is ventilated for 2 times every day, and each time lasts for 2 hours;
the illumination adopts an LED full-spectrum plant growth lamp, the illumination intensity is 2800lx, and the illumination is 12h every day.
6) And 20d after transplanting, spraying foliar fertilizer on the leaf surfaces for 1 time. The formula of the foliar fertilizer is as follows: ammonium Nitrate (NH)4N03) 20mg/L of calcium nitrate (Ca (NO)3)2.4H2O) 20mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH)2PO4) 8 mg/L of ferric sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (NaFeEDTA) 4 mg/L
7) Removing the plastic film after four weeks, controlling the environmental temperature at 23-25 ℃, and achieving the domestication and transplantation survival rate of 96%.
10) And (5) field transplanting management.
After indoor acclimation and survival for 2 months, the seedlings are moved to a field with a nutrition pot, after being subjected to shading acclimation for 15 days by a 50% shading net, the nutrition pot is removed and planted in the field, and the seedlings are diluted 5000 times by 1.8% compound sodium nitrophenolate water agent to irrigate roots. Watering and weeding are carried out at proper time, the soil is kept dry and wet, and the survival rate is 95%.
Example 3
1) Selection and treatment of in-bottle rooted seedlings:
plants with 2-3 leaves and growing points are selected for rooting. After the root primordia were formed, the illumination was increased to 3500 and 4000 lx.
2) Preparation of acclimatized seedbed
The length of the seedbed is 2.2m, the width is 1m, the depth is 8cm, and the height is 80 cm; building an arch frame on the seedbed, wherein the height of the arch frame is 35 cm away from the seedbed; and covering a transparent plastic film on the arch frame. An LED full-spectrum plant growth lamp is hung above the seedbed every 0.6m, the wavelength is 400-800nm, the power is 50W, and the height is 45cm from the seedbed.
3) Preparation of transplanting container and acclimatization substrate
A6 x 6cm black plastic nutrition pot is used as a container, the matrix is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the lower layer is formed by perlite, turfy soil and quercus acutissima sawdust according to the mass ratio of 1: 1:1 mixing and loading to a thickness of 3 cm, the upper layer is perlite, and loading to a thickness of 2 cm. After the nutrition pot is filled, the nutrition pot is thoroughly watered with 800 times of carbendazim liquid, and the nutrition pot is placed for 2 hours to begin transplanting.
4) Transplantation of tissue-cultured rooted seedlings
When the main root grows to 1.0-1.5cm (namely, rooting for 12-15 days), the culture bottle is moved out of the culture chamber, a sealing film of the tissue culture bottle is opened, the base part of the plant is clamped by a pair of tweezers and is lifted up slightly, the plant is put into clear water at 18 ℃, a root culture medium is cleaned, the rooted seedling is vertically placed on a substrate of a nutrition pot, and the root is covered by sterilized perlite with the diameter of 1-2mm, taking the just covered root as the standard. And (5) covering a plastic film for moisturizing after transplanting.
5) And managing the temperature, humidity, illumination and matrix humidity in the shed after transplanting.
Controlling the temperature and humidity of the seedbed in the arched shed at 23-25 deg.C and 95-100% in the first week after transplanting, and releasing wind for 3 times every day, each time for 15-20 min;
in the second week after transplanting, the temperature of the seedbed in the arched shed is controlled at 22-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 90-95%, and the air is released 3 times every day for 30min each time;
in the third week after transplanting, the temperature of the seedbed in the arched shed is controlled at 22-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 80-85%, and the air is released 3 times a day, each time for 40-60 min;
in the fourth week after transplanting, the temperature of the seedbed in the arched shed is controlled at 20-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 60-65%, and the seedbed is ventilated for 2 times every day, and each time lasts for 2 hours;
the illumination adopts an LED full-spectrum plant growth lamp, the illumination intensity is 2800lx, and the illumination is 12h every day.
6) And 20d after transplanting, spraying foliar fertilizer on the leaf surfaces for 1 time. The formula of the foliar fertilizer is as follows: ammonium Nitrate (NH)4N03) 20mg/L of calcium nitrate (Ca (NO)3)2.4H2O) 20mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH)2PO4) 8 mg/L of ferric sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (NaFeEDTA) 4 mg/L
7) Removing the plastic film after four weeks, controlling the environmental temperature at 23-25 ℃, and achieving the domestication and transplantation survival rate of 94%.
8) And (5) field transplanting management.
After indoor acclimation and survival for 2 months, the seedlings are moved to a field with a nutrition pot, after being subjected to shading acclimation for 15 days by a 50% shading net, the nutrition pot is removed and planted in the field, and the seedlings are diluted 5000 times by 1.8% compound sodium nitrophenolate water agent to irrigate roots. Watering and weeding are carried out at proper time, the soil is kept dry and wet, and the survival rate is 96.5 percent.
Example 4
1) Selection and treatment of in-bottle rooted seedlings:
plants with 2-3 leaves and growing points are selected for rooting. After the root primordia were formed, the illumination was increased to 3500 and 4000 lx.
2) Preparation of acclimatized seedbed
The length of the seedbed is 2.2m, the width is 1m, the depth is 8cm, and the height is 80 cm; building an arch frame on the seedbed, wherein the height of the arch frame is 35 cm away from the seedbed; and covering a transparent plastic film on the arch frame. An LED full-spectrum plant growth lamp is hung above the seedbed every 0.6m, the wavelength is 400-800nm, the power is 50W, and the height is 45cm from the seedbed.
3) Preparation of transplanting container and acclimatization substrate
A6 x 6cm black plastic nutrition pot is used as a container, the matrix is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the lower layer is formed by perlite, turfy soil and quercus acutissima sawdust according to the mass ratio of 1: 2: 2 mixing and loading to a thickness of 3 cm, the upper layer is perlite, and loading to a thickness of 2 cm. After the nutrition pot is filled, the nutrition pot is thoroughly watered with 800 times of carbendazim liquid, and the nutrition pot is placed for 2 hours to begin transplanting.
4) Transplantation of tissue-cultured rooted seedlings
When the main root grows to 1.0-1.5cm (namely, rooting for 12-15 days), the culture bottle is moved out of the culture chamber, a sealing film of the tissue culture bottle is opened, the base part of the plant is clamped by a pair of tweezers and is lifted up slightly, the plant is put into clear water at 18 ℃, a root culture medium is cleaned, the rooted seedling is vertically placed on a substrate of a nutrition pot, and the root is covered by sterilized perlite with the diameter of 1-2mm, taking the just covered root as the standard. And (5) covering a plastic film for moisturizing after transplanting.
5) And managing the temperature, humidity, illumination and matrix humidity in the shed after transplanting.
Controlling the temperature and humidity of the seedbed in the arched shed at 23-25 deg.C and 95-100% in the first week after transplanting, and releasing wind for 3 times every day, each time for 15-20 min;
in the second week after transplanting, the temperature of the seedbed in the arched shed is controlled at 22-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 90-95%, and the air is released 3 times every day for 30min each time;
in the third week after transplanting, the temperature of the seedbed in the arched shed is controlled at 22-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 80-85%, and the air is released 3 times a day, each time for 40-60 min;
in the fourth week after transplanting, the temperature of the seedbed in the arched shed is controlled at 20-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 60-65%, and the seedbed is ventilated for 2 times every day, and each time lasts for 2 hours;
the illumination adopts an LED full-spectrum plant growth lamp, the illumination intensity is 2800lx, and the illumination is 12h every day.
6) And 20d after transplanting, spraying foliar fertilizer on the leaf surfaces for 1 time. The formula of the foliar fertilizer is as follows: ammonium Nitrate (NH)4N03) 20mg/L of calcium nitrate (Ca (NO)3)2.4H2O) 20mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH)2PO4) 8 mg/L of ferric sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (NaFeEDTA) 4 mg/L
7) Removing the plastic film after four weeks, controlling the environmental temperature at 23-25 ℃, and achieving the domestication and transplantation survival rate of 98%.
8) And (5) field transplanting management.
After indoor acclimation and survival for 2 months, the seedlings are moved to a field with a nutrition pot, after being subjected to shading acclimation for 15 days by a 50% shading net, the nutrition pot is removed and planted in the field, and the seedlings are diluted 4000 times by 1.8% compound sodium nitrophenolate water for root irrigation. Watering and weeding are carried out at proper time, the soil is kept dry and wet, and the survival rate is 95.5 percent.
Example 5
1) Selection and treatment of in-bottle rooted seedlings:
plants with 2-3 leaves and growing points are selected for rooting. After the root primordia were formed, the illumination was increased to 3500 and 4000 lx.
2) Preparation of acclimatized seedbed
The length of the seedbed is 2.2m, the width is 1m, the depth is 8cm, and the height is 80 cm; building an arch frame on the seedbed, wherein the height of the arch frame is 35 cm away from the seedbed; and covering a transparent plastic film on the arch frame. An LED full-spectrum plant growth lamp is hung above the seedbed every 0.6m, the wavelength is 400-800nm, the power is 50W, and the height is 45cm from the seedbed.
3) Preparation of transplanting container and acclimatization substrate
A6 x 6cm black plastic nutrition pot is used as a container, the matrix is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the lower layer is formed by perlite, turfy soil and quercus acutissima sawdust according to the mass ratio of 1: 2: 2 mixing and loading to a thickness of 3 cm, the upper layer is perlite, and loading to a thickness of 2 cm. After the nutrition pot is filled, the nutrition pot is thoroughly watered with 800 times of carbendazim liquid, and the nutrition pot is placed for 2 hours to begin transplanting.
4) Transplantation of tissue-cultured rooted seedlings
When the main root grows to 1.0-1.5cm (namely, rooting for 12-15 days), the culture bottle is moved out of the culture chamber, a sealing film of the tissue culture bottle is opened, the base part of the plant is clamped by a pair of tweezers and is lifted up slightly, the plant is put into clear water at 18 ℃, a root culture medium is cleaned, the rooted seedling is vertically placed on a substrate of a nutrition pot, and the root is covered by sterilized perlite with the diameter of 1-2mm, taking the just covered root as the standard. And (5) covering a plastic film for moisturizing after transplanting.
5) And managing the temperature, humidity, illumination and matrix humidity in the shed after transplanting.
Controlling the temperature and humidity of the seedbed in the arched shed at 23-25 deg.C and 95-100% in the first week after transplanting, and releasing wind for 3 times every day, each time for 15-20 min;
in the second week after transplanting, the temperature of the seedbed in the arched shed is controlled at 22-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 90-95%, and the air is released 3 times every day for 30min each time;
in the third week after transplanting, the temperature of the seedbed in the arched shed is controlled at 22-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 80-85%, and the air is released 3 times a day, each time for 40-60 min;
and (3) controlling the temperature of the seedbed in the arched shed to be 20-27 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-65% in the fourth week after transplanting, and releasing wind for 2 times every day, wherein each time lasts for 2 hours.
The illumination adopts an LED full-spectrum plant growth lamp, the illumination intensity is 2800lx, and the illumination is 12h every day.
6) And 20d after transplanting, spraying foliar fertilizer on the leaf surfaces for 1 time. The formula of the foliar fertilizer is as follows: ammonium Nitrate (NH)4N03) 20mg/L of calcium nitrate (Ca (NO)3)2.4H2O) 20mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH)2PO4) 8 mg/L of ferric sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (NaFeEDTA) 4 mg/L
9) Removing the plastic film after four weeks, controlling the environmental temperature at 23-25 ℃, and achieving the domestication and transplantation survival rate of 98%.
10) And (5) field transplanting management.
After indoor acclimation and survival for 2 months, the seedlings are moved to a field with a nutrition pot, after being subjected to shading acclimation for 15 days by a 50% shading net, the nutrition pot is removed and planted in the field, and the seedlings are diluted 6000 times by 1.8% sodium nitrophenolate water for root irrigation. Watering and weeding are carried out at proper time, the soil is kept dry and wet, and the survival rate is 94.5%.
Claims (10)
1. A method for domesticating and transplanting quercus acutissima tissue culture seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a domesticated seedbed:
building an arch-shaped frame on the seedbed, covering the arch-shaped frame with a transparent plastic film, and hanging LED full-spectrum plant growth lamps above the seedbed at intervals of 0.6m, wherein the height from the LED full-spectrum plant growth lamps to the seedbed is 45 cm;
2) selection and treatment of in-bottle rooted seedlings:
selecting plants with 2-3 leaves and growing points for rooting, and increasing the illumination to 3500 and 4000lx after root primordia are formed;
3) preparation of transplanting container and domestication matrix:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) taking a black plastic nutrition pot as a container, configuring a substrate into an upper layer and a lower layer, mixing the upper layer substrate and the lower layer substrate according to a certain proportion, pouring the mixture thoroughly by using 800 times of liquid of carbendazim after the nutrition pot is filled, and placing for more than 2 hours to start transplanting;
4) transplanting of tissue culture seedlings
When the main root grows to 1-1.5cm, cleaning a root culture medium, then vertically placing a rooted seedling on a substrate of a nutrition pot, covering the root with perlite, and taking the root as the standard of just covering the root;
5) managing temperature, humidity, illumination and matrix humidity in the transplanted greenhouse:
controlling the temperature and humidity of the seedbed in the arched shed at 23-25 deg.C and 95-100% in the first week after transplanting, and releasing wind for 3 times every day, each time for 15-20 min;
in the second week after transplanting, the temperature of the seedbed in the arched shed is controlled at 22-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 90-95%, and the air is released 3 times every day for 30min each time;
in the third week after transplanting, the temperature of the seedbed in the arched shed is controlled at 22-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 80-85%, and the air is released 3 times a day, each time for 40-60 min;
in the fourth week after transplanting, the temperature of the seedbed in the arched shed is controlled at 20-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 60-65%, and the seedbed is ventilated for 2 times every day, and each time lasts for 2 hours;
the illumination adopts an LED full-spectrum plant growth lamp, the illumination is 2800lx, and the illumination lasts for 12h every day;
6) after transplanting for two weeks, spraying foliar fertilizer on the leaf surfaces for 1 time;
7) removing the plastic film after four weeks, and controlling the environmental temperature at 20-27 ℃;
8) field transplantation management
Transplanting the seedlings in the field after indoor acclimation survival for 2 months, transplanting the seedlings in the field with a nutrition pot in the north after the early 5 months to the end of 6 months, shading and acclimating the seedlings by a shading net for 15 days, removing the nutrition pot, transplanting the seedlings in the field, irrigating a compound sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution at the root, watering and weeding the seedlings at proper time, and keeping the soil dry and wet.
2. The method for domesticating and transplanting quercus acutissima tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1), the width of the seedbed is 0.8-1.1 m, the depth is 6-10 cm, the height is 70-90cm, the height of the arch-shaped frame is 30-40cm, and one LED full-spectrum plant growth lamp is hung above the seedbed every 0.6m and is 45cm away from the seedbed.
3. The method for domesticating and transplanting quercus acutissima tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1), the wavelength of the full-spectrum plant growth lamp is 400-800nm, and the power is 50W.
4. The method for domesticating and transplanting quercus acutissima tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 3), the lower-layer matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1-2 parts of turfy soil, 1 part of perlite and 1-2 parts of quercus acutissima sawdust are uniformly mixed and filled into a nutrition pot with half of the height depth and 1.5-2.0cm of upper-layer substrate perlite.
5. The method for domesticating and transplanting quercus acutissima tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 3), the diameter of the perlite is 2-3mm, and the quercus acutissima sawdust is powder obtained by crushing quercus acutissima branches and trunks.
6. The method for domesticating and transplanting quercus acutissima tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 4), the perlite is sterilized by 800 times of carbendazim and has the diameter of 1-2 mm.
7. The method for domesticating and transplanting quercus acutissima tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 4), the step of cleaning the root culture medium is to slightly lift the base part of the plant by using tweezers, and put the plant into clear water at 18 ℃ to clean the root culture medium.
8. The method for domesticating and transplanting quercus acutissima tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 6), the formula of the foliar fertilizer is as follows: ammonium Nitrate (NH)4N03) 20mg/L of calcium nitrate (Ca (NO)3)2.4H2O) 20mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH)2PO4) 8 mg/L of sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetateNaFeEDTA）4 mg/L。
9. The method for domesticating and transplanting quercus acutissima tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 8), the shading net is 50-60% of shading net.
10. The method for domesticating and transplanting quercus acutissima tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 8), the compound sodium nitrophenolate agent is prepared by diluting 1.8% of the compound sodium nitrophenolate agent by 4000-6000 times and then irrigating the roots.
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