CN110692600A

CN110692600A - Artificial feed for anoplophora chinensis larvae and subculturing method of anoplophora chinensis

Info

Publication number: CN110692600A
Application number: CN201810750293.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王青华; 张永安; 曲良建; 王玉珠; 黄焕华; 黄咏槐
Original assignee: Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and Protection of Chinese Academy of Forestry
Current assignee: Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and Protection of Chinese Academy of Forestry
Priority date: 2018-07-10
Filing date: 2018-07-10
Publication date: 2020-01-17
Anticipated expiration: 2038-07-10
Also published as: CN110692600B

Abstract

The invention provides a anoplophora chinensis larva artificial feed and a method for subculturing anoplophora chinensis. The artificial feed provided by the invention completely does not contain host plants, has simple component sources, is easy to obtain, is not limited by factors such as regional and four-season changes, and can effectively ensure the continuous feeding of the indoor anoplophora chinensis, and the growth period of each insect state of the anoplophora chinensis larvae fed by the feed is shortened to a certain extent compared with that in the field.

Description

Artificial feed for anoplophora chinensis larvae and subculturing method of anoplophora chinensis

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, relates to animal feed, and particularly relates to artificial feed for anoplophora chinensis larvae.

Background

The Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) is distributed in China in the north, Jilin, Liaoning, from west to Gansu, Shaanxi, Dongda Fujian, Taiwan, and south to Guangdong; is distributed abroad in Japan, Burma, and Korea. Edible impurities, harmful to casuarina equisetifolia, poplar, willow, elm, locust, walnut, mulberry, toona sinensis, catalpa bungei, sapium sebiferum, sycamore tree, acacia, melia azedarach, sycamore, saprophyta, oak, citrus and other forest fruit plants. The variety of the harm is as many as 19, 29 and 48.

The Siniperca Arvinsis occurs for 1 generation in south of Zhejiang, and in certain regions, the generation is 2 or 1 in three or two years, so that the larvae overwinter in xylem of the damaged host. The overwintering larva starts to move after the next 3 months, most of the larvae chisel 3.5-4 cm long before and after the Qingming festival in Zhejiang and round eclosion holes which are 1.8-2.3 cm wide and directly reach the epidermis, the larva body gradually shrinks without eating, the pupa body is laid in the pupa chamber, the pupation starts when the temperature is stabilized to be above 15 ℃ in the last 4 months, and the pupation basically ends in the last 5 months. The pupal stage is different in length and different in places, and Taiwan l0-15 days; fujian is about 20 days; zhejiang 19-33 days. Adult eclosion begins in the first ten days of 5 months, adult outlet peak is in the first 6 days of the bottom of 5 months, adult eclosion stays in a pupa chamber for 4-8 days, the adult leaves a circular eclosion hole after hardening of the body, the young shoot tip bark of the host is gnawed to supplement nutrition, the adult can copulate after 10-15 days, the copulation can be carried out in the whole day of Zhejiang, but more adult is carried out from 8 am to 5 pm which are clear and windless; the Fujian adults are usually active, copulating and oviposition before dusk, active at dawn, stop at branch ends at noon, and are usually still at night 9 and rainy days.

The male and female insects can copulate for many times, 3-4 days after copulation, in the first 6 months, the adult female insects lay eggs on the lower part of the trunk or the lower part of the main lateral branch, the first 7 months is the peak of egg laying, and more than 76% accounts for more than 10cm upwards from the base of the trunk; 18% in 10cm to l m, and is related to the diameter of trunk breast, more than 6-15 cm in diameter, and 50% in 7-9 cm. Before laying eggs, the bark is bitten into a T-shaped or human-shaped notch groove with the depth of about 2 mm and the length of about 8 mm, then an egg producing tube is inserted into a bark crack on one side of the notch groove to lay eggs, generally 1 egg is produced in each notch groove, a colloid substance is secreted after laying eggs and sealed, each female insect can lay eggs 23-32 eggs in one life, and the maximum number of eggs can reach 7 l. The life of the adult is generally 40-50 days, and the adult activities are carried out from the last 5 months to the last 7 months. The flying distance can reach 40-50 m.

The egg period is 9-15 days, and the eggs are hatched in the middle 6 months. The hatching peak is in the middle and last ten days of 7 months, and after larvae hatch out, the larvae enter from the egg laying part and eat downwards between the epidermis and the xylem to form irregular flat wormholes, and the wormholes are filled with insect feces. Eating into xylem after one month, turning to upper moth when the xylem is eaten to 2-3 cm deep, widening moth channel, and discharging feces. After 9 months later, most of the larvae turn heads downwards, move downwards along the original worm way, and after entering the worm-eaten holes, open up a new worm way to be eaten downwards, wherein the pests and overwintering are caused in the new worm way, the period of the whole larvae is up to 10 months, and the length of the worm way is 35-57 cm.

The anoplophora chinensis is a commonly occurring main boring pest and is harmful all year round, and 1 generation generally occurs in 1 year. The larvae are trunk-boring pests and are mainly damaged at the root neck and the root of a plant, the larvae which are hatched initially bite into the bark of the branch and bite into the xylem along with growth, the damage is large, a plurality of boring holes are caused, even the trunk is completely bored, adults bite into the bark of the twig to form dead tips, leaves are also eaten in an incised shape, and the bark is bitten into when spawning to cause wounds. The tree is weakened, the branches stop growing and wither, the leaf color becomes dark or yellow, and when the tree is serious, the branches and the stems are broken and withered or blown down by strong wind to die, so that great loss is caused.

The hazard of anoplophora chinensis brings great loss to the industries of plant maintenance of biological diversity, water conservation, soil fertility maintenance, carbon fixation capacity, fruit trees, wood, greening and the like, and has great difficulty in prevention and control due to strong secrecy and the special host and environmental protection requirements. The main existing control measures are as follows:

1. the tree trunks are treated to prevent spawning. Before the anoplophora chinensis lays eggs, a packaging woven bag is wound on the base of a trunk for 2-3 circles, then the packaging woven bag is bundled by a hemp rope and the like, and the binding is earthed up to a binding position to prevent the lower basal stem from being exposed.

2. Earthing up, spraying the medicine and laying eggs at high altitude. In order to prevent the anoplophora chinensis from spawning at the root neck, the surface soil of the root base can be raked off before and after grain rain, 0.5 kg of 2.5 percent methyl 1605 powder is uniformly scattered around the tree body, then the soil is covered to the height of 10cm, the anoplophora chinensis is forced to spawn at the high part of the trunk, the ridging is raked off at the summer season, and eggs are removed to kill low-age larvae.

3. Adult insects are captured manually, and are killed at the base of the trunk before noon to dusk in 6-7 months. Aiming at the habit that longicorn adults like noon break in high-temperature weather, the longicorn adults can be artificially killed. And pruning and thinning can be combined, and worm eggs are scraped during the full laying period of the longicorn adults, so that the density of worm mouths can be greatly reduced.

4. Artificial hookworm. Aiming at the habit of the longhorn beetle larva trunk borer, a hooked iron wire can be used, and like a hooked finless eel, the iron wire is stretched into a tunnel and is hooked out of the longhorn beetle larva to be intensively killed.

5. The trunk is whitered. Aiming at the oviposition habit of the base of the adult camptotheca acuminate, before the adult camptotheca acuminata, the base of the camptotheca acuminata can be whitewashed to be less than 80 cm, and the formula of the white-washing solution is as follows: 10 kg of lime, 1 kg of sulfur, a proper amount of animal glue and 20-40 kg of water. Practice proves that the adult insect oviposition can be effectively prevented by adopting the method of stem whitewashing.

6. And (5) filling the medicine into the hole. Aiming at the habit that the longicorn larvae are good at the underground war, 300 times of phoxim 200-fold liquid can be injected into the insect port to kill the longicorn larvae in the hole.

The existing prevention and control method has the following disadvantages: 1. the existing prevention and treatment method basically needs to be operated one by one, and the method can be used when the sick trees are few, but consumes a large amount of manpower and material resources, and is time-consuming and labor-consuming. When large-area damage occurs, the device cannot be used at all. 2. Many of the pesticides used in the existing prevention and control are high-toxicity pesticides, such as phoxim, which have extremely high toxicity to aquatic organisms and can cause long-term adverse effects on water environment, and some vegetable and grain are extremely sensitive to the pesticide and are extremely easy to cause phytotoxicity. 3. Many pesticides that are effective on anoplophora chinensis are now prohibited from being produced, sold and used.

Aiming at the great harm brought to the forest by the anoplophora chinensis, a new medicament and a method which are safe to other organisms and the environment are urgently needed to be developed to prevent and treat the anoplophora chinensis, for example, natural enemies, microorganisms are utilized to prevent and treat the anoplophora chinensis. The related fields are tightening research on pollution-free medicaments, and an important basis of the research is to test insects and have a large number of anoplophora chinensis to meet the requirements of scientific experiments. In addition, the celestial cow is also a traditional Chinese medicine, and is recorded in compendium: can be used for treating malaria, cold and heat, infantile acute infantile convulsion, and swelling. Arrowroot-shaped meat is used for removing nevus; can be taken orally and externally, and has good treatment effect on human diseases. The celestial cow is grown in the field for one generation or even 2 generations, if a field insect source is used, the waiting time is too long, and the host plant must be cut down to obtain the larva of the celestial cow, thus the cost and the difficulty of research are invisibly increased, so that the artificial feed for breeding the celestial cow becomes an important way for providing experimental insects, and the celestial cow breeding method has very practical and profound significance for the development and the utilization of the insects. However, no artificial feed completely containing no host plant exists for breeding the anoplophora chinensis larvae at present, so that the indoor artificial breeding of the anoplophora chinensis larvae has great limitation.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide the artificial feed for the anoplophora chinensis larva, which completely does not contain host plants, has simple component sources, is easy to obtain, is not limited by factors such as regional and four-season changes, and can effectively ensure the continuous passage feeding of the indoor anoplophora chinensis.

In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides an artificial feed for anoplophora chinensis larva, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5-8 parts of germ powder, 4.4-5.5 parts of sodium caseinate, 1.0-1.2 parts of wecker's salt, 1.2-1.5 parts of sucrose, 21-28 parts of wood powder, 0.01-0.03 part of ethanol, 0.2-0.8 part of sorbic acid, 60.5-1.1 parts of vitamin B, 0.04-0.07 part of nicotinic acid, 0.15-0.3 part of cholesterol, 1.5-2.5 parts of agar and 65-51 parts of water.

Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5 parts of germ powder, 4.4 parts of sodium caseinate, 1.0 part of weberian salt, 1.2 parts of cane sugar, 21 parts of wood powder, 0.01 part of ethanol, 0.2 part of sorbic acid, 60.5 parts of vitamin B, 0.04 part of nicotinic acid, 0.15 part of cholesterol, 1.5 parts of agar and 65 parts of water.

Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6.35 parts of germ powder, 5 parts of sodium caseinate, 1.1 parts of webster salt, 1.3 parts of cane sugar, 24 parts of wood powder, 0.02 part of ethanol, 0.4 part of sorbic acid, 60.7 parts of vitamin B, 0.05 part of nicotinic acid, 0.18 part of cholesterol, 1.9 parts of agar and 59 parts of water.

Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8 parts of germ powder, 5.5 parts of sodium caseinate, 1.2 parts of webster salt, 1.5 parts of cane sugar, 28 parts of wood powder, 0.03 part of ethanol, 0.8 part of sorbic acid, 61.1 parts of vitamin B, 0.07 part of nicotinic acid, 0.3 part of cholesterol, 2.5 parts of agar and 51 parts of water.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the artificial feed for the anoplophora chinensis larvae.

The invention also provides a method for subculturing the anoplophora chinensis, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

1) taking eggs: placing adult anoplophora chinensis in adult raising containers, placing 5-10 pairs of adults in each container according to the ratio of male and female 1:1, placing tender branches and crude stems of jujube trees and nutrient solution for supplementing nutrition for the adults, mating and laying eggs, and collecting eggs;

2) hatching: soaking the eggs in 10% formaldehyde solution for 30 min, repeatedly washing with clear water for 5 min, and air drying until the eggs naturally hatch to form larvae;

3) larva breeding: placing the individual larvae into an insect-rearing cup, adding the artificial feed of any one of claims 1-4 to the cup, compacting the artificial feed, capping, and placing the insect-rearing cup between the rearing chambers until pupation occurs, and the pupation emerges as adult anoplophora chinensis.

Furthermore, the diameter of the insect breeding cup is 2.5-3cm, the height is 4.5-5cm, a hole with the diameter of 0.5cm is arranged in the middle of the cover and is sealed by nylon yarn with 60 meshes, and therefore the insect breeding cup is air-permeable and can prevent larvae from climbing out.

Furthermore, the cleanliness of the insect breeding room is thousands of grades, the temperature is 23-25 ℃, and the humidity is 50-55%.

Further, the adult rearing container is a plastic box with a cover.

Further, the nutrient solution is a 10% sucrose solution.

In the method, the worm eggs are soaked in 10% formaldehyde solution for 30 minutes, and can be used for disinfecting the surfaces of the worm eggs, and the worm eggs cannot die due to the concentration and the soaking time.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention provides an artificial feed for anoplophora chinensis larva, which completely does not contain host plants, has simple component sources, is easy to obtain, is not limited by factors such as regional and four-season changes, and can effectively ensure the continuous passage feeding of indoor anoplophora chinensis. The growth period of each insect state of the anoplophora chinensis larva bred by using the feed is shortened to some extent compared with that of the field, the calendar period of each generation is shortened to about 300 days from 360-720 days in the field, if the artificial feed is used for continuous passage breeding all the time, the calendar period can be continuously shortened, so the scientific research cost and the time cost are greatly reduced, the available frequency of the anoplophora chinensis larva is gradually accelerated, and no matter the anoplophora chinensis larva is used for breeding natural enemies and being used as various experimental tests of biological pesticides or used as a traditional Chinese medicine raw material, the anoplophora chinensis larva has sufficient and convenient insect sources. The feed can also be used for industrial production and is easy to mechanically operate.

Detailed Description

The following description is given by way of example only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Adult anoplophora chinensis was placed in an adult raising container, which in this example was a 20X 35(cm) plastic box with a lid. 5-10 pairs of adults are placed in each container according to the ratio of male to female being 1:1, and then the tender branches and the thick stems of the jujube trees and the nutrient solution are placed for supplying nutrition to the adults for mating and oviposition. Soaking ovum with 10% formaldehyde solution for 30 min, washing with clear water for 5 min, air drying, and placing into insect-breeding cup after hatching. After the newly hatched larvae are placed in an insect breeding cup, artificial feed for the anoplophora chinensis larvae (the specific formula of the artificial feed is shown in table 1) is added into the cup, the artificial feed is compacted and covered. Placing in a pest-culturing room with cleanliness of thousand-level, controllable temperature of 23-25 deg.C and humidity of 50-55%, feeding with artificial feed until pupation, and changing feed for 36-48 times. The anoplophora chinensis does not take food in the pupal stage, and the anoplophora chinensis is mated and spawned after eclosion.

The insect breeding cup used in the application is a plastic cup with a cover and a diameter of 2.5-3cm and a height of 4.5-5cm, a hole with a diameter of 0.5cm is formed in the middle of the cover, and the cover is sealed by 60-mesh nylon yarn, so that the insect breeding cup is breathable and can prevent larvae from climbing out.

The preparation method of the artificial feed for the anoplophora chinensis larvae comprises the following steps: dissolving agar in water, heating in microwave oven to boil, adding other components into agar solution, stirring, and cooling.

The prepared feed contains agar, but the amount is small, and the whole feed is loose.

TABLE 1 weight percentages of each component of different formulas of artificial feed for anoplophora chinensis larva

Element (%)	Formulation I	Formulation II	Formulation III
				Germ powder	5	6.35	8
Sodium caseinate	4.4	5	5.5
				Wechsler salt	1.0	1.1	1.2
Sucrose	1.2	1.3	1.5
				Wood powder	21	24	28
Ethanol	0.01	0.02	0.03
				Sorbic acid	0.2	0.4	0.8
Vitamin B6	0.5	0.7	1.1
				Nicotinic acid	0.04	0.05	0.07
Cholesterol	0.15	0.18	0.3
				Agar-agar	1.5	1.9	2.5
Water (W)	65	59	51

The effect of rearing the larvae of anoplophora chinensis using the formulas one to three used in table 1 is shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 Effect of feeding Nelumbo Nucifera larvae with different feed formulas

Example 1:

selecting 80 heads of anoplophora chinensis adults, putting the adult anoplophora chinensis adults into boxes provided with jujube twigs, rough stems and nutrient solution, putting 10 heads of the adult anoplophora chinensis adults in each box, enabling male and female adults to be half respectively, mating after 12 days to lay eggs, laying eggs at 1280 eggs, enabling egg period to be 10 days, soaking the eggs in 10% formaldehyde solution for 30 minutes, repeatedly washing the eggs with clear water for 5 minutes, and airing the eggs. The larvae are hatched in 960 heads at 24 degrees. 1 newly hatched larva is inoculated into each cup of the insect breeding cup, the artificial feed is prepared according to the formula I, 10 g of the feed is put into each cup of the insect breeding cup, the cup is put into a healthy insect breeding room for breeding, the feed is changed once a week, the larva survives 528 after 60 days, and the eclosion adult 396 heads after 332 days.

Example 2:

selecting 100 adult anoplophora chinensis, each half of male and female, placing into a box containing jujube twig and crude stem and nutrient solution, placing 10 adult insects in each box, mating after 15 days to lay eggs, laying 1400 eggs, laying 12 days, soaking the eggs in 10% formaldehyde solution for 30 minutes, then repeatedly washing with clear water for 5 minutes, and airing. Larvae 1190 were hatched at 24 degrees. And (3) inoculating 1 newly hatched larva into each cup of the insect breeding cup, preparing artificial feed according to the formula II, subpackaging the feed into the insect breeding cup according to the adding amount of 10 g of the feed in each cup, inoculating 1 newly hatched larva into each cup of the insect breeding cup, putting the cups into a healthy insect breeding room for breeding, changing the feed once a week, enabling the larva to survive 798 after 60 days, and emerging into 622 after 328 days.

Example 3:

selecting 120 adult anoplophora chinensis, each half of male and female, placing into a box containing jujube tree twigs and stems and nutrient solution, placing 10 adult anoplophora chinensis in each box, mating after 10 days to lay eggs, laying eggs for 1800 eggs, soaking the eggs in 10% formaldehyde solution for 30 minutes in the egg period, repeatedly washing with clear water for 5 minutes, and airing. Larvae 1620 were hatched at 24 degrees. 1 newly hatched larva is inoculated into each cup of the insect breeding cup, the artificial feed is prepared according to the formula III, 10 g of feed is added into each cup of the insect breeding cup, 1 newly hatched larva is inoculated into each cup of the insect breeding cup and is placed into a healthy insect breeding room for breeding, the feed is changed once a week, the larva survives 1215 after 60 days, and the adult 985 eclosion occurs after 300 days.

The artificial feed for the anoplophora chinensis larvae is simple in component source, easy to obtain, free of limitation of factors such as regional and four-season changes and capable of effectively guaranteeing continuous feeding of the indoor anoplophora chinensis larvae, the growth period of each insect state of the anoplophora chinensis larvae fed by the feed is shortened to about 300 days from 360-year and 720 days in the field in each generation.

Claims

1. An artificial feed for anoplophora chinensis larvae is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 5-8 parts of germ powder, 4.4-5.5 parts of sodium caseinate, 1.0-1.2 parts of wecker's salt, 1.2-1.5 parts of sucrose, 21-28 parts of wood powder, 0.01-0.03 part of ethanol, 0.2-0.8 part of sorbic acid, 60.5-1.1 parts of vitamin B, 0.04-0.07 part of nicotinic acid, 0.15-0.3 part of cholesterol, 1.5-2.5 parts of agar and 65-51 parts of water.

2. The artificial feed for anoplophora chinensis larvae as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5 parts of germ powder, 4.4 parts of sodium caseinate, 1.0 part of weberian salt, 1.2 parts of cane sugar, 21 parts of wood powder, 0.01 part of ethanol, 0.2 part of sorbic acid, 60.5 parts of vitamin B, 0.04 part of nicotinic acid, 0.15 part of cholesterol, 1.5 parts of agar and 65 parts of water.

3. The artificial feed for anoplophora chinensis larvae as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6.35 parts of germ powder, 5 parts of sodium caseinate, 1.1 parts of webster salt, 1.3 parts of cane sugar, 24 parts of wood powder, 0.02 part of ethanol, 0.4 part of sorbic acid, 60.7 parts of vitamin B, 0.05 part of nicotinic acid, 0.18 part of cholesterol, 1.9 parts of agar and 59 parts of water.

4. The artificial feed for anoplophora chinensis larvae as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8 parts of germ powder, 5.5 parts of sodium caseinate, 1.2 parts of webster salt, 1.5 parts of cane sugar, 28 parts of wood powder, 0.03 part of ethanol, 0.8 part of sorbic acid, 61.1 parts of vitamin B, 0.07 part of nicotinic acid, 0.3 part of cholesterol, 2.5 parts of agar and 51 parts of water.

5. A process for preparing an artificial feed for the larvae of anoplophora chinensis as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein agar is added to water, heated in a microwave oven until boiling, to dissolve the agar completely, then the other ingredients are added, stirred well and cooled for later use.

6. A method for subculturing anoplophora chinensis is characterized by comprising the following steps:

3) larva breeding: placing the individual larvae into an insect-raising cup, adding the artificial feed of any one of claims 1-4 into the cup, compacting the artificial feed, capping, placing the insect-raising cup into an insect-raising chamber until pupation, eclosion of pupae into adults, and changing the feed 36-48 times during the period before pupation of larvae.

7. The method for subculturing anoplophora chinensis as claimed in claim 6, wherein the diameter of the cup is 2.5-3cm, the height is 4.5-5cm, and the center of the cover has a hole with a diameter of 0.5cm, and the hole is sealed with 60 mesh nylon yarn, so that the air permeability is achieved and the larva is prevented from climbing out.

8. The method for subculturing anoplophora chinensis as claimed in claim 6, wherein the cleanliness of the insect rearing room is of thousand-level, the temperature is 23-25 ℃, and the humidity is 50-55%.

9. The method for subculturing a celestus cow as claimed in claim 6, wherein the adult rearing container is a plastic box with a lid.

10. The method for subculturing anoplophora chinensis as claimed in claim 6, wherein the nutrient solution is a 10% sucrose solution.