CN102550492A - Artificial mass raising method for agasicles hygrophila - Google Patents
Artificial mass raising method for agasicles hygrophila Download PDFInfo
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- CN102550492A CN102550492A CN2012100124594A CN201210012459A CN102550492A CN 102550492 A CN102550492 A CN 102550492A CN 2012100124594 A CN2012100124594 A CN 2012100124594A CN 201210012459 A CN201210012459 A CN 201210012459A CN 102550492 A CN102550492 A CN 102550492A
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Abstract
Thee invention relates to the field of biological control, in particular to an artificial mass raising method for agasicles hygrophila. The non-winter artificial mass raising method for the agasicles hygrophila includes the following steps: (1) alternanthera philoxeroides is grown in a greenhouse; (2) when the alternanthera philoxeroides plants are as high as 15cm to 20cm and the stem diameter reaches more than 2.6cm, the agasicles hygrophila is evenly released into the greenhouse according to the density of 10 to 20 adults per square meter; (3) spray irrigation is carried out for one to two times each day, 15 to 20 minutes each time; (4) every 5 to 7 days, the density of the agasicles hygrophila in the greenhouse is surveyed, and dynamic population monitoring is carried out; (5) after the agasicles hygrophila is released for 40 to 60 days, when the number of the adults is notably increased, the adults are collected and stored. The artificial mass raising technique for the agasicles hygrophila is simple, and is easy to master, the raising cost is low, and after being released into the field to control the alternanthera philoxeroides, the agasicles hygrophila can bring enormous economic, social and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the biological control field, particularly, the present invention relates to the artificial extensive raising method of the straight chest flea beetle of a kind of lotus grass.
Background technology
Alternanthera philoxeroides (Alternanthera philoxeroides); Belong to Amaranthaceae, alternanthera and belong to, originate from the countries such as Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina of South America, be perennial perennial root herbaceous plant; Producing adventive root through stipes and carry out vegetative propagation, is a kind of worldwide malignant weed.In China; Alternanthera philoxeroides is used as forage plant the 1950's and introduces the Yangtze river basin and southern each province, and later stage eighties ease is distributed widely in 18 provinces and cities such as Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Chongqing, Fujian at present for wild; It is wide wherein with the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River area to take place, and the extent of injury is high.Alternanthera philoxeroides can form different biotype (aquatic type and land form) in different habitats, environmental condition can be induced the mutual conversion between the biotype.Its well developed root system; Overground part spreads rapidly, and invasion property is extremely strong, causes peripheral other plant part to be died out after the intrusion; The ecosystem is caused irreversible destruction; Promptly break out in short time and cause disaster, its harm mainly shows: 1. form thick and heavy pad in the waters, stop current, plug channel, influence water transportation, transportation and water drainage flood discharge.2. invade farmland and orchard, subterranean stem spreads and is spider reticulation, and the overground part grow prolifically is striven fertilizer with crop, striven water, reduces output.The production loss that common crop is caused is respectively paddy rice 45%, wheat 36%, corn 19%, vegetables 5%～15%.3. invade ground such as park, forest land, lawn, lake, destroy greening, multiply mosquitos and flies, impact on tourism; Suppress the other plant growth, jeopardize bio-diversity.4. endanger animal health.Alternanthera philoxeroides contains 3.8% saponin, and domestic animal is got food and is prone to cause diarrhoea; Normal ovum and larva with the liver fluke worm cause domestic animal ginger parasitosis on the plant.
The straight chest flea beetle (Agasicles hygrophila) of lotus grass belongs to coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, cauline leaf first genus, originates in South America; Because of it has the food of getting selectivity; Be effective natural enemy of alternanthera philoxeroides, assemble the cauline leaf of getting the food alternanthera philoxeroides with adult and larva, maximum with 3 instar larvaes and adult appetite.In order to utilize the straight chest flea beetle control of lotus grass alternanthera philoxeroides, forefathers study its host range, biological property, application and control effect etc.Result of study shows, the straight chest flea beetle selectivity of lotus grass is strong, only can on alternanthera philoxeroides, get food and grow and pupate; Like dark and damp environment, do not have diapause and dormancy all one's life; Took place for 6～8 generations, and mainly below containing the covering of alternanthera philoxeroides, survived the winter in 1 year with adult; Control effect to the aquatic type alternanthera philoxeroides in pond or the irrigation canals and ditches is remarkable.China introduces the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass in May, 1986 from the U.S.;, successfully set up on ground such as Chongqing and Hunan population after discharging; After this help to move through manual work and discharge and diffusion naturally; 17 provinces, cities and autonomous regions such as Henan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hainan have been distributed in, for suppressing spreading to cause harm and having obtained certain effect of alternanthera philoxeroides at present.
The natural enemy large-scale production is the important prerequisite guarantee of biological control successful Application.Therefore, solve artificial the raising on a large scale of the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass, the province and the area that take place to alternanthera philoxeroides provide the worm source, are to realize one of effective and crucial approach that alternanthera philoxeroides is continued improvement.To this pressing problem, we have carried out invention research to the artificial extensive raising method of the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass.
Summary of the invention
The artificial extensive raising method in non-winter that the purpose of this invention is to provide the straight chest flea beetle of a kind of lotus grass.
Another object of the present invention provides the artificial extensive raising method in winter of the straight chest flea beetle of a kind of lotus grass.
The artificial extensive raising method in non-winter of the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1) in booth, cultivates alternanthera philoxeroides;
2) when reaching 15～20cm, cane diameter, the alternanthera philoxeroides plant height reaches 2.6cm when above, with 10～20 adult/m
2Density in booth, evenly throw in the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass;
3) spray every day 1～2 time, sprayed 15～20 minutes at every turn;
4) every at a distance from 5～7 days, the straight chest flea beetle density of lotus grass in the investigation booth is carried out the population dynamic monitoring;
5) threw in the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass 40～60 days, during the phenomenal growth of adult quantity, collect adult, store.
The extensive raising method of manual work according to the present invention, wherein, the breeding method of said alternanthera philoxeroides may further comprise the steps:
1) gather the alternanthera philoxeroides cane, the sturdy part of clip bottom 10～20cm, every section keeps 2～3 joint knots;
2) step 1) gained stem section is imbedded in the native furrow of booth, ridging covers, and water spray is drenched;
3) spray every day 1 time until the alternanthera philoxeroides plant height reach 15～20cm, the cane diameter reaches more than the 2.6cm.
According to the extensive raising method of manual work according to the invention, wherein, when the said sprinkling irrigation time is 8:00～9:00 or 16:00～during 17:00.
According to the extensive raising method of manual work according to the invention, wherein, the method for said storage may further comprise the steps:
1) will sprout wings and get the straight chest flea beetle adult of 3 days lotus of food grass by 80～100/100cm
2Density put into transparent plastic box with holes and put into a small amount of alternanthera philoxeroides;
2) keep 10 ± 1 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 80%～90% in the plastic casing, storage period is within 30 days.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the artificial extensive raising method in non-winter of the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1) in booth, cultivates alternanthera philoxeroides;
2) when reaching 15～20cm, cane diameter, the alternanthera philoxeroides plant height reaches 2.6cm when above, with 10～20 adult/m
2Density in booth, evenly throw in the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass, supply it to lay eggs and the population amplification;
3) based on soil in the booth and air humidity conditions; Spray every day 1～2 time when 17:00 (during 8:00～9:00 or 16:00～), sprayed 15～20 minutes, at every turn to keep higher air humidity in the booth; Be beneficial to adult and lay eggs and the ovum hatching, improve the straight chest flea beetle feeding efficiency of lotus grass;
4) every at a distance from 5～7 days; Adopt the straight chest flea beetle density of lotus grass in the parallel Sample Method Survey booth to carry out the population dynamic monitoring; That is: every row is got 3～5 points; The careless directly quantity of each worm attitude of chest flea beetle (ovum, 1～3 instar larvae, pupa and adult) of lotus on the alternanthera philoxeroides is drawn population dynamic figure in every some investigation 30cm * 30cm scope;
5) threw in the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass 40～60 days; Natural enemy is in booth during through 2～3 generations propagation, the phenomenal growth of adult quantity; Collect adult; Be sub-packed in the transparent plastic box (the box wall is evenly pricked has 15～20 duck eyes to be beneficial to ventilative) of 19cm * 12cm * 6cm, and be provided with a small amount of host plant, the worm source, the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass that can be used for artificial extensive raising are stored or are helped and increase release.But the also stem stalk of clip band pupa is used for the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass and helps and increase release.
Wherein, the breeding method of said alternanthera philoxeroides may further comprise the steps:
1) gather vigorous, the healthy sturdy alternanthera philoxeroides cane of growth from the field, the sturdy part of clip bottom 10～20cm, every section keeps 2～3 joint knots;
2) step 1) gained stem section is evenly imbedded in the native furrow of plastic tunnel, ridging covers, and water spray is drenched;
3) spray every day and reach 15～20cm, cane diameter until the alternanthera philoxeroides plant height 1 time and reach and be used as the extensive raising that healthy host is used for the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass more than the 2.6cm.
Since host plant (alternanthera philoxeroides) March in December to next year growth rate slower; April to November, growth rate was very fast; Therefore, the host plant that is used for raising early spring the straight chest flea beetle of natural enemy lotus grass should be planted by the end of January before and finish, and the population that can be used for natural enemy mid-March is increased; In other month, the host plant plantation can be used for the extensive raising of natural enemy in about 1 month.First batch of host plant in the booth is used for natural enemy raise on a large scale and gather after, can cut off the remaining plants stems stalk on the face of land, chesson keeps the plant underground part in the soil, an amount of application of organic fertilizers promotes the sprouting once more of host plant; When residual natural enemy quantity is higher in the booth, can sprays contact killing type insecticide agent such as 1 time 48% chlorpyrifos ec or 2.5% cyhalothrin and remove, guarantee growing of secondary new talent; Treat to drop into when host plant grows to aforementioned suitable specification second natural enemy of taking turns and raise, so, a booth can recycle 4 times in 1 year.
The above-mentioned lotus grass directly storage procedures of chest flea beetle is: the straight chest flea beetle adult eclosion of lotus grass is also got 3 days storage worm attitudes for suiting of food.In the transparent plastic box (the box wall is evenly pricked has 15～20 duck eyes to be beneficial to ventilative) of 19cm * 12cm * 6cm, by 80～100/100cm
2Density put into adult and be suitable storage density with a small amount of host plant.10 ± 1 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 80%～90% are suitable storage requirement, and avoid and poisonous and harmful article mixed storage.Be advisable storage period in 30 days, less to the influence of quality index such as natural enemy fertility and offspring's grade of fit.
The artificial extensive raising method in winter of the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1) in the adult laying coop of 25 ± 1 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 80%～90%, illumination 12 hours, intensity of illumination 2000～5000Lux, in the potted plant seedling of alternanthera philoxeroides, presses 3～6 couples/100cm of density
2Put into the straight chest flea beetle adult of lotus grass that just sprouts wings;
2) clip has the alternanthera philoxeroides plant of pieces of an egg day by day; Preserving moisture being incubated in the suction flower mud, treats that the ovum hatching moves into 27 ± 1 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 75%～85%, illumination 12 hours, intensity of illumination 2000～3000Lux in batches after 2～3 days larva raising chamber raises;
The alternanthera philoxeroides plants stems stalk that 3) will be loaded with 2～3 age in days newly hatched larvaes places the top of alternanthera philoxeroides green plant seedling, by 17～35/100cm
2Density insert larva, raise, collect adult, repeating step 1 when treating the adult eclosion peak period)～3) or
3 age mature larva pierce and extract cane after pupating in the cane 3～4 days, concentrate to place in the transparent plastic box with holes, repeating step 1 when treating adult eclosion)～3).
According to the extensive raising method of manual work according to the invention, wherein, the breeding method of the potted plant seedling of said alternanthera philoxeroides may further comprise the steps:
1) in basin, place through pulverizing, scalping, the comparatively uniform commercially available detritus sour soil of particle, the tiling of soil table evenly;
2) gather the alternanthera philoxeroides cane, the sturdy part in clip bottom, every section keeps two joint knots, and tiling is imbedded on the basin dress nutrition soil soil layer of step 1), 5～6 sections/100cm of plantation density
2
3) the even one deck thin soil that covers in plantation back, water spray is drenched and is placed on the cultivation of shady and cool place, and every day, water spray was preserved moisture, and reached 2.5～3.0cm until plant strain up to 25～30cm, the 4th joint diameter below the growing point.
According to the extensive raising method of manual work according to the invention, wherein, can be when temperature is low 20～25 ℃ of temperature, humidity 75%～85%, illumination 12 hours, the cleaning seedling room of intensity of illumination 3000～5000Lux carries out the plant cultivation of the potted plant seedling of alternanthera philoxeroides.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the artificial extensive raising method in winter of the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1) in the adult laying coop of 25 ± 1 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 80%～90%, illumination 12 hours, intensity of illumination 2000～5000Lux; In the shrouding of 120cm * 50cm * 80cm, place the potted plant seedling of 4 basin host plants (alternanthera philoxeroides); Wherein, The specification of basin is 25cm * 35cm * 45cm, and the straight chest flea beetle adult of lotus grass that sprouts wings at the beginning of every then basin discharges 30～50 pairs supplies it to concentrate to lay eggs;
2) clip has the alternanthera philoxeroides plant of pieces of an egg day by day; Preserving moisture being incubated in the suction flower mud, treats that the ovum hatching moves into 27 ± 1 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 75%～85%, illumination 12 hours, intensity of illumination 2000～3000Lux in batches after 2～3 days larva raising chamber raises;
The alternanthera philoxeroides plants stems stalk that 3) will be loaded with 2～3 age in days newly hatched larvaes places the top of alternanthera philoxeroides green plant seedling, by 17～35/100cm
2Density insert larva, place then to support on the worm frame and raise, collect adult, repeating step 1 when treating the adult eclosion peak period)～3) or
3 age mature larva pierce and extract cane after pupating in the cane 3～4 days, in the transparent plastic box of 19cm * 12cm * 6cm (the box wall is evenly pricked has 15～20 duck eyes to be beneficial to ventilative), repeat above-mentioned steps 1 when treating adult eclosion)～3).
Positive beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) the artificial extensive breeding technology of the straight chest flea beetle of lotus of the present invention grass is convenient to indoor feeding and is observed its history of life, and method is simple and easy, is prone to grasp, even the keeper does not have relevant professional knowledge, also can learn in a short time.Support worm frame layer-stepping and raise, institute takes up space less, and feeding cost is lower, behind the open-air control of the release alternanthera philoxeroides, can bring huge economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
(2) plastic tunnel, host plant cultivating chamber, natural enemy adult laying coop, natural enemy larva raising chamber method for designing are simple, and the host plant seedling picks up from the field, and the base starting material of cultivating the host is cheap.
(3) with the straight chest flea beetle of method large-scale breeding lotus grass of the present invention; Can realize the continual all the year round breeding of this insect; Not only can satisfy the demand of experimental study, the more important thing is and to realize the target that province (area) provides a large amount of worms source taking place to each alternanthera philoxeroides.
Description of drawings
The straight chest flea beetle booth in non-winter of Fig. 1 lotus grass is extensive raises facility and the effect with extensive raising in winter, A, and non-winter, booth was raised facility and effect on a large scale; B raises facility and effect winter on a large scale.
The straight chest flea beetle of Fig. 2 lotus grass is controlled effect to the field of alternanthera philoxeroides, A, situation (yueyang, hunan somewhere on August 20th, 2008) before the straight chest flea beetle of input lotus grass; B, situation (yueyang, hunan somewhere on October 15th, 2008) behind the straight chest flea beetle of input lotus grass.
Embodiment
Straight chest flea beetle morphological feature of embodiment one lotus grass and life habit
1. the morphological feature of the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass:
The pitch-dark look of [adult] whole body respectively has the yellow line of " U " type on two elytrums.The long 7.0mm of female adult worm body, male imago 5.7mm.Feeler is whiplike, 11 joints, and length is 1/3 of body length.The female worm outside of belly is flat, and terminal two uromeres are exposed to outside the elytrum; The male worm belly is covered by elytrum, and outside of belly end has a genitalia to hide in oval recess.
[ovum] is faint yellow, long column shape, and long 1.25mm, wide 0.38mm becomes pieces of an egg, and every about 12～54, average 32.Be " eight " font row two row.
[larva] larva totally 3 ages, long tubular, its head capsule width is respectively 0.25mm, 0.50mm, 0.75mm, the newly hatched larvae canescence, after become grey black.Long 1.20mm～the 2.25mm of 1 instar larvae body, wide 0.20mm～0.80mm; Long 2.25mm～the 4.2mm of 2 instar larvae bodies, wide 0.75mm～1.37mm; Long 4.1mm～the 6.0mm of 3 instar larvae bodies, wide 1.35mm～1.9mm.All there are 4 depressions chest belly two joint backboard central authorities and both sides, give birth to 4 of the short thorns of white on every joint.3 pairs of pereiopoda, foot 4 joints, terminal tool one tarsungulus.Belly 9 joints.
[pupa] exarate pupa, the long 5.0mm of body, wide 1.4mm.Body colour is a canescence just, becomes the grey black look behind the 4d, becomes pitchy then.Pronotary has two big spots of grey, and 7 strumaes are arranged on it, and respectively there is a black roundlet spot belly 1～7 joint, both sides, back, and there are a thick urogomphus, top bifurcated in the abdomen end.
2. the life habit of the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass:
(1) straight the cause harm characteristics of chest flea beetle on the alternanthera philoxeroides plant of lotus grass
Adult and larva assemble gets food alternanthera philoxeroides cauline leaf, cause the stem stalk wreck withered, plant is wilted, can not the living new talent of tiller.Alternanthera philoxeroides 3～5 strains that can cause death all one's life of flea beetle.The death situation of playing tricks when larva sturts or curling motionless.1～2 instar larvae constant head is assembled the mesophyll of stinging the food blade back, stays transparent blade face epidermis; 2,3 instar larvaes are heavy; After 3 instar larvaes are got the eclipse number sky, how on the water surface, to sting an aperture on 1～4 joint stipes and pierce in the stem, the transparent jelly closed orifices that spues was pupated through 2～3 days, 2～5 of pupa amounts or more in every joint stem stalk.Flea beetle is got the visible local plant leaf blade jaundice of food initial stage, and gradually to around diffusion, when foodstuff was bad, adult and larva all can be near the vigorous district diffusion mobilities of growing of host plant.
(2) emergence, mating and the rhythm and pace of moving things of laying eggs of the straight chest flea beetle adult of lotus grass
Adult eclosion presents circadian rhythm, and when the emergence peak is 6:00～10:00 and 18:00～during 20:00, the adult eclosion amount is less during 0:00～6:00.
Beginning mating in the 3rd day behind the adult eclosion, the mating in all one's life is repeatedly; The back of sprouting wings was adult mating peak period on the 4th day, the every pair of adult at least mating once, after this mating borer population, number of copulations all reduce gradually.0.5～2.5 hour mating duration, lasting maximum duration is 2.0～2.5 hours.How adult carries out mating in the afternoon to night, be mating rush hour during 14:00～15:00.
Just the emergence adult did not lay eggs in 1～3 day, laid eggs since the 4th day, and egg laying amount increases day by day, reaches the highest (each pieces of an egg contains 38 ovum) on the 8th day, and after this egg laying amount reduces gradually, and is dead up to female worm.Egg production peak time concentrates on behind the adult eclosion the 4th～14 day.How adult lays eggs by day, and egg laying amount begins to increase gradually during from 6:00, reaches the peak of laying eggs day during to 14:00, accounts for 30% of day total egg laying amount, during 14:00 after egg laying amount reduce gradually, the egg laying amount of all day presents the normal curve distribution.
3. the suitable raising condition of the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass:
(1) different humidity to the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass grow, survival rate, go through the phase, the influence of food ingestion and adult fertility
Under 25 ± 1 ℃ and 12 hours illumination conditions, the relatively straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass growing under relative moisture 60 ± 5%, 70 ± 5%, 90 ± 5% and 98 ± 2% 4 kind of condition, survival rate, life-span, food ingestion and fertility.It is thus clear that relative moisture was 60% o'clock and the hatching of severe inhibition ovum when following; Under relative moisture 90%～98% condition, egg hatching rate, larva and adult survival rate, the adult egg laying amount of the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass are all higher, therefore, and the raising of the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass comparatively suitable (table 1) under the condition of relative moisture 90%～98%.
Table 1 humidity to the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass grow, the influence of survival rate, life-span, food ingestion and adult fertility
(2) different temperatures to the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass grow, survival rate, the influence of going through phase and adult fertility
Under relative moisture 90 ± 5% and 12 hours illumination conditions, the relatively straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass growing under 20,22,25,28,30,32,35 ℃ of conditions, survival rate, life-span, food ingestion and fertility.It is thus clear that the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass is in the time of 25 ℃, the adult egg laying amount is maximum, and egg hatching rate is the highest; In the time of 27 ℃, survival rate of larvae and pupa eclosion rate are high, and development duration is shorter, and single female egg laying amount is higher.Therefore, 25 ℃ is the optimal temperature that the straight chest flea beetle adult of lotus grass lays eggs and ovum is hatched, and 27 ℃ is the optimal temperature (table 2) of raising in larva and pupa time.
Table 2 temperature to the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass grow, the influence of survival rate, life-span, food ingestion and adult fertility
(3) photoperiod to the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass grow, survival rate, go through the phase, the influence of food ingestion and adult fertility
25 ± 1 ℃ with relative moisture 90 ± 5% conditions under, the relatively straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass growing under 0,8,12,16,24 hour illumination condition, survival rate, life-span, food ingestion and fertility.It is thus clear that the photoperiod is under 12 hours illumination conditions, egg hatching rate, larva and adult survival rate and food ingestion, adult life-span and the egg laying amount of the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass are all the highest, therefore, and the raising of the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass comparatively suitable (table 3) under 12 hours illumination conditions.
Table 3 photoperiod to the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass grow, the influence of survival rate, life-span, food ingestion and adult fertility
Artificial extensive raising in the non-winter of the straight chest flea beetle of embodiment two lotuses grass
(1) basic facilities of the non-raising in winter of the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass
The booth greenhouse bracket can adopt materials such as steel pipe, wooden bamboo or cement to build, and size can be put suitable ground design-build because of ground according to landform, and the standard booth is of a size of 8m * 30m (240m
2); Top plastic covering film is with insulation and preserve moisture side use 30～40 purpose fly nets raising ventilation effect (Figure 1A).Soil types is not limit, and fertile degree is moderate, and has certain gas porosity and better water retention performance.Vertically be divided into 2 row in the booth, the wide passage of 1m is reserved in the centre; The laterally smooth native furrow that go out a plurality of high about 5～8cm of every side, native furrow spacing 50～60cm.Sprinkling irrigation system can be installed in place with good conditionsi at the booth top, being used to spray water guarantees higher air humidity in the canopy; The ground hot line can be installed in soil before transplanting wholely, or adopt the method for canopy in the canopy, improve the temperature in the booth in winter, be beneficial to and cultivate host plant (alternanthera philoxeroides) winter.
(2) suitable condition of the non-raising in winter of the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass
Temperature, humidity and illumination condition non-winter during extensive the raising, need not to regulate temperature and illumination in booth, keep higher humidity to get final product.
When host's condition was raised at booth on a large scale, host plant (alternanthera philoxeroides) strain needed to reach more than the 2.6cm up to 15～20cm, cane diameter.
The individual plant host supports the worm amount when booth is raised on a large scale, by 10～20 adult/m
2Density insert the flea beetle adult.
(3) non-winter the worm source preparation
Pupa or adult can be gathered from open-air alternanthera philoxeroides plant in the straight chest flea beetle worm source of lotus grass of raising for the first time; Worm source afterwards selects individual healthy and strong adult as the artificial extensive worm source of raising of the next generation from the population of the many generation raisings of winter receptacle and booth.
(4) non-winter the host standardization cultivate
Gather vigorous, the healthy sturdy alternanthera philoxeroides cane of growth from the field; The sturdy part of clip bottom 10～20cm (every section keeps 2～3 joint knots) is evenly imbedded in the native furrow of aforementioned plastic tunnel, and ridging covers; And spray water and drench, after this spray every day and preserve moisture for 1 time.When the host plant reaches 2.6cm when above up to 15～20cm, cane diameter, be used as the booth that healthy host is used for the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass and raise on a large scale.
(5) artificial extensive raising in the non-winter of the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass
Adult lays eggs in booth, reaches 2.6cm when above when the host plant plant height reaches 15～20cm, cane diameter, with 10～20 adult/m
2Density in booth, evenly throw in the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass, supply it to lay eggs and the population amplification.
Larva raising is sprayed 1～2 time when 17:00 (during 8:00～9:00 or 16:00～) in booth every day, sprays 15～20 minutes at every turn, to keep higher air humidity, is beneficial to ovum hatching, larvae development and pupates.
Being captured in when treating as the phenomenal growth of borer population amount in the booth of adult; Collect adult with clap net; Be sub-packed in the transparent plastic box (the box wall is evenly pricked has 15～20 duck eyes to be beneficial to ventilative) of 19cm * 12cm * 6cm; And being provided with a small amount of host plant, the worm source, natural enemy (the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass) storage or the natural enemy that are used for extensive raising help and increase release.
The straight chest flea beetle adult eclosion of storage lotus grass of adult is also got 3 days storage worm attitudes for suiting of food.In the transparent plastic box (the box wall is evenly pricked has 15～20 duck eyes to be beneficial to ventilative) of 19cm * 12cm * 6cm, by 80～100/100cm
2Density put into adult and be suitable storage density with a small amount of host plant.10 ± 1 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 80%～90% are suitable storage requirement, and avoid and poisonous and harmful article mixed storage.Be advisable storage period in 30 days, less to the influence of quality index such as natural enemy fertility and offspring's grade of fit.
(6) the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass artificial extensive year output of raising in non-winter
At 240m
2The standard booth in when raising the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass; 115.2 of pupa amount average out in 30cm * 30cm unit survey area; By pupa eclosion rate 85%, each booth single can be produced the straight chest flea beetle adult 115.2 * 0.85 of lotus grass * (100/9) * 240=261066 head (table 4).
Raise the straight chest flea beetle quantum of output estimation of lotus grass in table 4 booth
Can gather in the crops 1 batch of adult after 40～60 days owing in booth, throw in the straight chest flea beetle adult of lotus grass; In 8 months production season of mid or late March to mid or late November meter; Can in booth, raise 5 batches; Therefore, each booth can be produced 26.1 ten thousand/batch * 5 batches=130.5 ten thousand of the straight chest flea beetles of lotus grass per year.
Artificial extensive raising in the winter of the straight chest flea beetle of embodiment three lotuses grass
(1) basic facilities of the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass raising in winter
Winter, receptacle was mainly used in winter the raising of the straight chest flea beetle of (early March in late November to next year) lotus grass.Area is looked raising scale and is decided, and needs 3 usually, is used as cleaning seedling room, adult laying coop and larva raising chamber respectively.Every 10～20m
2, indoor temperature is regulated and is adopted air-conditioning or oily spit of fland heater, and humidity regulation adopts air humidifier, and the installation ventilating fan is used for ventilating.
Support the worm frame in the winter time in the receptacle; Specification be set be 150cm * 50cm * 195cm foster worm frame several; Supporting the worm frame is combined by metal angle; Each foster worm frame divides 2 layers, and the bottom is lined with the thicker glass plate of quality to shelve potted plant seedling, and the fluorescent lamp that it is 36W that 6 specifications are installed at the top is to provide light source; Support each layer of worm frame fluorescent lamp a hand switch is installed respectively, and a KG316 micro computer time-controlled switch is installed in each receptacle is controlled in the insectary switch time (Figure 1B) of fluorescent tube on all foster worm framves automatically.
Natural enemy adult cage specification: the 120cm * 50cm * 80cm of laying eggs, aluminum frame, top and 30 order gauzes are installed all around, the bottom is a glass plate, and the cage of laying eggs simultaneously is the push-and-pull screen door, and (25cm * 35cm * 45cm) picks and places to be convenient to the potted plant seedling of host plant.
(2) suitable condition of the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass raising in winter
When temperature, humidity and illumination condition were raised in the winter time, adult laid eggs and ovum hatching suitable condition: 25 ± 1 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 80%～90%, illumination 12 hours, intensity of illumination 2000～5000Lux; Larva raising suitable condition: 27 ± 1 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 75%～85%, illumination 12 hours, intensity of illumination 2000～3000Lux.
When host's condition was raised in the winter time, the host plant needed to reach 2.5～3.0cm up to 25～30cm, the 4th joint diameter below the growing point.
The individual plant host supports worm and measures when raising in the winter time, by 3～6 couples/100cm
2The density of host plant inserts the straight chest flea beetle adult of lotus grass that just sprouts wings and supplies it to lay eggs, after collecting ovum then and treating its hatching, by 17～35/100cm
2Density on the cleaning host plant, insert larva and raise.
(3) winter the worm source preparation
Pupa or adult can be gathered from open-air alternanthera philoxeroides plant in the straight chest flea beetle worm source of lotus grass of raising for the first time; Or the population of the many generation raisings of booth; Worm source afterwards selects individual healthy and strong adult as artificial extensive worm source of raising of future generation from the population that winter, indoor continuous multi-generation was raised.
(4) standardization of the potted plant seedling of host in winter is cultivated
In the plastic basin of 25cm * 35cm * 45cm, to place through 4～5 liters of the comparatively uniform detritus sour soils (commercially available) of pulverizing, scalping, particle, the tiling of soil table is evenly.Gather vigorous, the healthy sturdy alternanthera philoxeroides cane of growth from the field; The sturdy part in clip bottom, every section keeps two joint knots, and tiling is imbedded on the aforementioned plastic basin dress nutrition soil soil layer; 40～50 sections of every basin kinds; Evenly cover one deck thin soil then, water spray is drenched and is placed on the cultivation of shady and cool place, and every day, water spray was preserved moisture.Grow Xin Gen and sprouting through 5～7 days hollow alternanthera stipes, can generate the newborn plant of 50～100 strains.New life alternanthera philoxeroides plant height reaches when the 4th joint diameter reaches 2.5～3.0cm below 25～30cm, the growing point, is used as the raising in winter that healthy host is used for the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass.
(5) artificial extensive raising in the winter of the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass
Adult lays eggs when alternanthera philoxeroides grows to aforementioned suitable specification, moves into that specification is in the shrouding of 120cm * 50cm * 80cm in the adult laying coop, places the aforementioned potted plant seedling of 4 basins in each shrouds, then by 3～6 couples/100cm
2The density of host plant inserts the first straight chest flea beetle adult of lotus grass that sprouts wings and supplies its concentrated laying eggs.
Larva raising laying eggs in the adult laying coop shrouded; Clip has host's plants stems stalk of pieces of an egg, preserves moisture to be incubated in the suction flower mud, treats that the ovum hatching moves into the larva raising chamber after 2～3 days; The stem stalk that is loaded with larva is placed the top of the potted plant seedling of aforementioned cleaning, by 17～35/100cm
2The density of host plant inserts larva, places then to support on the worm frame to raise, until adult eclosion.
Free-hand or collect adult during the collection adult eclosion peak period of adult with hand-held cleaners, and be sub-packed in the transparent plastic box (the box wall is evenly pricked has 15～20 duck eyes to be beneficial to ventilative) of 19cm * 12cm * 6cm, be used for subculture and raise or store; Perhaps; Also can most 3 age mature larva pierce and extract cane after pupating in the cane 3～4 days; Concentrate in the transparent plastic box (the box wall is evenly pricked has 15～20 duck eyes to be beneficial to ventilative) that places 19cm * 12cm * 6cm,, be used for subculture and raise or store until adult eclosion.
(6) the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass artificial extensive year output of raising in winter
At 20m
2Larva raising indoor; Can place the foster worm frame of 4 rows and amount to 144 potted plant training seedlings; After inserting the straight chest flea beetle larva of lotus grass; 103.4 of the pupa amount average out to of the potted plant seedling of every basin, by pupa eclosion rate 85%, every indoor single of larva raising can be produced straight chest flea beetle adult 103.4 * 0.85 * 144=12656 head (table 5) of lotus grass.
Table 5 is raised the quantum of output of the straight chest flea beetle of indoor feeding lotus grass winter and is estimated
Can gather in the crops adult of future generation owing to throw in the careless directly chest flea beetle larva of lotus in the larva raising chamber in 20 days; In 3.5 months production season of early March meter in late November to next year; Can raise 3～4 generations of indoor feeding in the winter time; Therefore, each in winter receptacle can produce per year 1.26 ten thousand of the straight chest flea beetles of lotus grass/generation *=3.78～5.04 ten thousand of (3～4) generations.
The straight chest flea beetle of embodiment four lotuses grass is to the control effect of alternanthera philoxeroides
In the pond, zonule or the irrigation canals and ditches generating region, May or September are by 20/m
2Density discharge the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass, can in 50～60 days, effectively control the generation of alternanthera philoxeroides, the alternanthera philoxeroides rear blade yellowing and shedding of being caused harm, cane ruptures.To the alternanthera philoxeroides in seedling stage, growth early stage and growth later stage, discharge the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass after 63 days, 70 days and 91 days, the control effect all can reach 100% (table 6); And the killed cane forfeiture of 72% alternanthera philoxeroides regeneration capacity, long also significantly reduce (table 7) of the root of plant height, fresh weight and regenerated root.Therefore, the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass can suppress spread (Fig. 2) of alternanthera philoxeroides effectively.
The straight chest flea beetle of table 6 lotus grass is to the field control effect (Changsha, 2008) of alternanthera philoxeroides
The straight chest flea beetle of table 7 lotus grass is got the influence of food to alternanthera philoxeroides stem stalk regeneration capacity
Claims (7)
1. the extensive raising method of non-manual work in winter of the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) in booth, cultivates alternanthera philoxeroides;
2) when reaching 15～20cm, cane diameter, the alternanthera philoxeroides plant height reaches 2.6cm when above, with 10～20 adult/m
2Density in booth, evenly throw in the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass;
3) spray every day 1～2 time, sprayed 15～20 minutes at every turn;
4) every at a distance from 5～7 days, the straight chest flea beetle density of lotus grass in the investigation booth is carried out the population dynamic monitoring;
5) threw in the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass 40～60 days, during the phenomenal growth of adult quantity, collect adult, store.
2. according to the extensive raising method of the said manual work of claim 1, it is characterized in that the breeding method of said alternanthera philoxeroides may further comprise the steps:
1) gather the alternanthera philoxeroides cane, the sturdy part of clip bottom 10～20cm, every section keeps 2～3 joint knots;
2) step 1) gained stem section is imbedded in the native furrow of booth, ridging covers, and water spray is drenched;
3) spray every day 1 time until the alternanthera philoxeroides plant height reach 15～20cm, the cane diameter reaches more than the 2.6cm.
3. according to the said raising method of claim 1, it is characterized in that, when the said sprinkling irrigation time is 8:00～9:00 or 16:00～during 17:00.
4. according to the extensive raising method of the said manual work of claim 1, it is characterized in that the method for said storage may further comprise the steps:
1) will sprout wings and get the straight chest flea beetle adult of 3 days lotus of food grass by 80～100/100cm
2Density put into transparent plastic box with holes and put into a small amount of alternanthera philoxeroides;
2) keep 10 ± 1 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 80%～90% in the plastic casing, storage period is within 30 days.
5. the extensive raising method of manual work in winter of the straight chest flea beetle of lotus grass is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) in the adult laying coop of 25 ± 1 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 80%～90%, illumination 12 hours, intensity of illumination 2000～5000Lux, in the potted plant seedling of alternanthera philoxeroides, presses 3～6 couples/100cm
2Density put into the straight chest flea beetle adult of lotus grass that just sprouts wings;
2) clip has the alternanthera philoxeroides plant of pieces of an egg day by day; Preserving moisture being incubated in the suction flower mud, treats that the ovum hatching moves into 27 ± 1 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 75%～85%, illumination 12 hours, intensity of illumination 2000～3000Lux in batches after 2～3 days larva raising chamber raises;
The alternanthera philoxeroides plants stems stalk that 3) will be loaded with 2～3 age in days newly hatched larvaes places the top of alternanthera philoxeroides green plant seedling, by 17～35/100cm
2Density insert larva, raise, collect adult, repeating step 1 when treating the adult eclosion peak period)～3) or
3 age mature larva pierce and extract cane after pupating in the cane 3～4 days, concentrate to place in the transparent plastic box with holes, repeating step 1 when treating adult eclosion)～3).
6. according to the extensive raising method of the said manual work of claim 4, it is characterized in that the breeding method of the potted plant seedling of said alternanthera philoxeroides may further comprise the steps:
1) in basin, place through pulverizing, scalping, the comparatively uniform commercially available detritus sour soil of particle, the tiling of soil table evenly;
2) gather the alternanthera philoxeroides cane, the sturdy part in clip bottom, every section keeps two joint knots, and tiling is imbedded on the basin dress nutrition soil soil layer of step 1), 5～6 sections/100cm of plantation density
2
3) the even one deck thin soil that covers in plantation back, water spray is drenched and is placed on the cultivation of shady and cool place, and every day, water spray was preserved moisture, and reached 2.5～3.0cm until plant strain up to 25～30cm, the 4th joint diameter below the growing point.
7. according to the said raising method of claim 6, it is characterized in that, can be when temperature is low 20～25 ℃ of temperature, humidity 75%～85%, illumination 12 hours, the cleaning seedling room of intensity of illumination 3000～5000Lux carries out the plant cultivation of the potted plant seedling of alternanthera philoxeroides.
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| CN111280165A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-06-16 | 山西农业大学 | Low-temperature preservation method for agasicles hygrophila eggs |
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| CN114403098A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-29 | 中国农业科学院农业基因组研究所 | Lotus herb direct chest flea beetle pupating device and pupating method thereof |
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| CN104756956A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-07-08 | 宜昌市农业生态与资源保护站 | Factory breeding lotus grass jump straight chest flea beetle facilities construction |
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| CN109122589A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2019-01-04 | 山西农业大学 | It pupates outside Agasicles hygrophila stem based on humid control device and experimental method |
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| CN111280165A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-06-16 | 山西农业大学 | Low-temperature preservation method for agasicles hygrophila eggs |
| CN111280165B (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2021-10-29 | 山西农业大学 | Low-temperature preservation method for agasicles hygrophila eggs |
| CN113348922A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-09-07 | 江苏大学 | Method for controlling alternanthera philoxeroides by using facultative insects and/or special feeding insects |
| CN114403098A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-29 | 中国农业科学院农业基因组研究所 | Lotus herb direct chest flea beetle pupating device and pupating method thereof |
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