CN112715294B - Method for preventing and controlling rat damage of pineapple experimental field - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling rat damage of pineapple experimental field Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling rat damage of a pineapple experimental field, which comprises the following steps: flower forcing is carried out on the pineapples according to the flower forming characteristics of different pineapple varieties, the effect of consistent flower forming is obtained, and the later-stage cultivation technology is convenient to carry out uniformly and harvest consistently; preparing a bait, wherein the bait is prepared into a dry material form in view of the gnawing characteristics of rodents and the condition that the terminal buds and fruits of young fruits are damaged at the stage; bait throwing, including throwing amount, throwing mode and throwing time; ripening is accelerated for the pineapples, so that the pineapple fruits in the whole land are consistent in ripeness, convenient to harvest and capable of meeting market requirements. The method for preventing and controlling the rat damage of the pineapple experimental field can reduce the rat damage of the pineapple fruits by more than 95 percent by using the specific operations of pineapple flower forcing, bait preparation, bait throwing, pineapple ripening forcing, bait preparation, bait throwing and the like and comparing with the non-rat-proof treatment. The method provides reliable technical support for protecting pineapple fruits from being damaged by rats.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rat damage prevention, in particular to a method for preventing and controlling rat damage in a pineapple experimental field.
Background
The pineapple is the third tropical fruit in the world after the bananas and mangos and also the seventh tropical fruit in the world, the pineapple planting area in 2019 of China is 94.3 ten thousand mu, the yield is 173.3 ten thousand tons, the output value is 407971.3 ten thousand yuan (south Asia of agricultural rural parts), the pineapple industry becomes one of important economic pillars for enriching in south China hot area, China is not a country of original pineapple production, the planting history is long, there is a planting history of more than 400 years, however, most varieties planted in production are queen varieties introduced in 16 th century, the planting area accounts for more than 85%, because of single variety planting, seedlings are nutritional propagation, new varieties and new germplasm are difficult to generate, the healthy and rapid development of the industry in China is influenced by the degeneration of the species and the breeding of diseases and insect pests, and the pineapple is an economic crop planted in subtropical regions;
in the main fruiting period and the harvesting period of the pineapples in China, in winter and spring, other harvestable crops are few, plant diseases and insect pests are few in the season, but the damage caused by rats is serious, the damage caused by the rats is mainly the damage of terminal buds and young fruits of the pineapples after bud picking, and the terminal buds and the young fruits of the pineapples are tender and easy to eat by the field rats; in the other stage, the food source of the hamsters is less, the pineapple fruits are in the ripening harvest season, the ripe pineapple fruits have aromatic flavor and sweet and delicious pulp, the hamsters bite the peels of the ripe fruits and take the pulp, generally the same fruit can take fruits which are less than 1/3, and the hamsters can continuously take different fruits to ensure the freshness of the food; meanwhile, the natural enemies of the vole are few in the stage, the vole is bred due to various reasons, pineapple fruits are damaged, and pineapple researchers and growers have serious losses, a large number of field tests are carried out in the aspects of new pineapple variety cultivation in the research of tropical crops in south Asia of Chinese tropical agricultural academy of sciences and the like, in order to protect experimental results and reduce the influence of the rat damage on the tests, various rat damage prevention methods and measures are adopted, such as power grid rat prevention, poison bait prevention and biological prevention (cat raising), bionic prevention (a rat protector imitating the natural enemy eagle), a rat trap, an electromagnetic interference device and the like, but the long-term effective rat prevention effect is not achieved.
Therefore, we have proposed a method for controlling rat damage in pineapple experimental fields in order to solve the problems set forth above.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preventing and controlling rat damage of a pineapple experimental field, which aims to solve the problem of serious rat damage of the experimental field cultivated by the existing new pineapple variety in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for preventing and controlling rat damage of a pineapple experimental field comprises the following steps: pineapple flower forcing → bait preparation → pineapple ripening → bait preparation;
the method comprises the following steps: after the pineapple seedlings are planted for 10-12 months, the mature leaves of queen varieties (such as Bali, Shenwan pineapple, Puket and the like) reach more than 35 leaves and reach the standard of flower forcing; the mature leaves of the cocaine variety (such as acaine, Australian cocaine, pinkeye and the like) reach more than 40 leaves, meet the flower forcing standard, and can be subjected to artificial flower forcing, the flower forcing period is generally from 9 late ten days to 10 months, and the fruit maturation time is from 3 months to 5 months in the next year; specifically, the flower forcing time of the day is from 5 o' clock afternoon to late night, the weather temperature is below 28 ℃ generally when flower forcing is carried out, the optimal temperature is below 25 ℃, the flower forcing medicament is calcium carbide solution, the concentration is 2%, namely 2 jin of calcium carbide is added into 100 jin of water, the calcium carbide solution is randomly matched and driven by a gasoline spraying machine, the liquid medicine is pressed into a medicine tube, the liquid medicine is manually filled into a seedling core by a spraying head, the liquid medicine filled into the seedling core is about 100 ml generally, the seedling is small and the seedling is large, the flower forcing is carried out again after 2 days, the flower forcing is carried out for 2 times totally, the buds of the queen variety are red about 30 days after the flower forcing, the red tender buds can be stored in the seedling core, the caine variety is generally 40 to 50 days, the individual variety is red for more than 60 days, the buds are extracted after the red generally 15 to 20 days, namely, the fruit stalks are extended from the position, the young fruit stalks are grown on the fruit stalks, and the young fruit begins to grow, the terminal bud also begins to grow, young fruits and terminal buds are tender at this stage, the hamsters are easy to damage, the terminal bud and young fruits are gnawed, and the pineapple fruits lose commodity after gnawing, so that loss is caused;
step two: in view of the gnawing characteristics of the voles in the stage, the bait can be made into dry bait, the bait comprises millet, crushed peanut and a toxic agent, the toxic agent is a rodenticide (bromadiolone), and the making process comprises the following steps: parching semen Setariae and semen Arachidis Hypogaeae respectively, air drying, crushing semen Arachidis Hypogaeae, mixing poison bait, crushed semen Arachidis Hypogaeae and semen Setariae at a ratio of 1:5:20, mixing completely, and packaging into sealed bag;
step three: the input amount is as follows: calculating the land mass smaller than 5 mu of land according to the bait dosage of 0.5kg per mu of pineapple land; land blocks larger than 5 mu and smaller than 10 mu are calculated according to the putting amount of 0.25kg and 2kg per mu; calculating the land mass larger than 10 mu according to the putting amount of 0.2kg and 2.5kg per mu;
step four: in order to make the pineapple fruits in the whole land consistent in maturity, convenient to harvest and capable of meeting market requirements, ripening treatment needs to be carried out before the pineapple fruits are ripe, 40% ethephon is used as a ripening agent, 50-70 times of solution is prepared according to yellowing acceleration time (5-7 days), peels around the fruits are sprayed by manually carrying a sprayer on the back, and the solution is sprayed for 1 time;
step five: the preparation of the bait at the stage is different from the preparation method of the bait put at the first stage, aiming at the stage that a vole harms mature pineapple fruits, the vole has selectivity on the mature pineapple fruits, and immature fruits are generally not harmed, so the bait can be made into a wet bait according to the flavor characteristics of the mature pineapples, the components of the bait need to have mature pineapple fruit pulps, the pulps are cut into 1.5-2 cm squares, wheat bran and rodenticide (bromadiolone) are mixed, the proportion of the rodenticide, the wheat bran and the pineapple pulps is 1:10:10, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and then put into a sealing bag for later use;
step six: the input amount is as follows: calculating the land mass of less than 5 mu of land according to the throwing amount of 1kg of bait agent for each mu of pineapple land; land blocks larger than 5 mu and smaller than 10 mu are calculated according to the putting amount of 0.5kg and 4kg per mu; the land mass larger than 10 mu is calculated according to the putting amount of 0.3kg and 6kg per mu.
Preferably, the bait agent feeding mode in the first stage is to feed rodenticide along the periphery of the pineapple land, the placement position of the rodenticide is 20-30 cm away from the pineapple seedlings and cannot be too far away from the seedling land, the feeding points are right opposite to the rows of the pineapple seedlings, about 50g of the rodenticide is placed in each position, the distance between the two positions is 3 meters, the distance between the two positions is just 2 pineapple ridge distances, 1 feeding point is added at each 3 feeding points, the added feeding points are located between the feeding points 3 and the feeding points 4 and enter the seedling land at 50cm, and the periphery or the periphery of the whole seedling land is sequentially fed.
Preferably, the bait agent is put in the first stage, so that the damage of the field rats to the pineapple young fruits and terminal buds is mainly prevented, the bait agent is put in advance 1 month after flower forcing, namely before and after the pineapple turns red or half month before bud drawing, the number of rats is reduced, and the pineapple young fruits and terminal buds are protected.
Preferably, the bait agent feeding mode of the second stage is to feed rodenticide along the periphery of the pineapple land, the feeding points of the rodenticide are arranged in the pineapple seedling land and 20-30 cm away from the edge of the seedling land, the rodenticide cannot be arranged outside the seedling land, the feeding points are preferably arranged under pineapple plants among rows of pineapple seedlings, about 100g of the rodenticide is arranged in each position, and the positions of two feeding points are spaced by 2 pineapple furrows.
Preferably, the bait agent is put in the second stage to mainly protect the pineapple fruits from being damaged by rats after the pineapple fruits are ripe, so that the bait is put in about 1 month before the pineapple fruits are ripe, or 5 months after the pineapple fruits are red, the number of rats is reduced, and the fruits are protected.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for preventing and controlling the rat damage of the pineapple experimental field comprises the specific operations of pineapple flower forcing, bait preparation, bait feeding, pineapple ripening, bait preparation, bait feeding and the like, and by utilizing the technical method, compared with the method without rat control treatment, the rat damage of pineapple fruits can be reduced by more than 95%. The method provides reliable technical support for protecting pineapple fruits from being damaged by rats.
Detailed Description
The embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
Example one
In 2016, pineapple flower forcing is carried out in pineapple experimental base of south subtropical crop research institute at 10 months and 5 days, buds are drawn out at the beginning of 12 months, and rat poison bait is thrown in at 11 months and 6 days. The experimental base is 13 mu, and the bait is 5.1 kg; the contrast is pineapple land with the length of 300 m, the planted varieties are the same, the area is 12 mu, and no bait is thrown. Investigation of the extent of injury of the field rats in 2017, month 1, as shown in table 1;
the investigation result is as follows: in the pineapple fields without the bait, the rats are the young fruits and the terminal buds of 1247 fruits of pineapple and the damage degree is 3.50%, while the rats in the test fields with the bait are the fruits and the terminal buds of 55 pineapple and the damage degree is 0.14%, compared with the control fields without the bait, the damage degree of the rats is reduced by 95.59%, and the rat-proof effect is obvious.
Table 1: result investigation of one month after flower forcing by putting poison bait to prevent and control rodent damage
Example two
The pineapple test field and the control pineapple plots enter the maturation period in 4-month late 2017, ripening is carried out on 20 days in 4 months, the time for putting the mouse poison bait is 3 months and 30 days, and the bait dosage in the test field is 9.9 kg. Day 30 and 4 months, the rats were investigated before harvesting the fruits as shown in table 2;
the investigation result is as follows: subtracting the number of the pineapple fruits damaged in the early stage, wherein the number of the normal fruits in the test field is 38165, the number of the damaged mature fruit field rats is 36, and the damage rate is 0.09%; the number of normal fruits in the control field is 34393, the number of harmful fruits in the later period is 1330, and the damage rate is 3.87%. Compared with a control field without the poisonous mouse bait, the hazard rate of the rats in the test field with the poisonous mouse bait is reduced by 97.29 percent, and the effect of preventing and controlling the rats is remarkable.
Table 2: result investigation of rat damage prevention by putting poison bait one month before picking
EXAMPLE III
Flower forcing is carried out on a pineapple base test field and a contrast of a south Asia tropical crop research institute in 25 months and 9 months in 2018, the test field is 6 mu, the contrast is 8 mu, and the varieties are Tainong No. 16: sweet pineapple. The flower forcing method is implemented by filling 2% calcium carbide solution in the core, and is carried out after 5 o 'clock in the afternoon until the test field and the control pineapple seedlings are forced to finish at 10 o' clock later. After 2 days, the flower forcing treatment is carried out again in the same way. The red color appears after 1 and a half months, and the buds are taken out about 2 months. The rat-proof bait is put in 1 month before bud drawing, namely 25 days in 10 months, the dose of the novel rat-proof bait put in a test field is 7.0Kg, and the dose of the traditional rat-proof bait (grain rat-proof bait purchased in the market) put in a control field is 8.0 Kg; the putting mode is according to the patent. The results of the rat damage investigation conducted in 11 months and 30 days are shown in Table 3;
the investigation result is as follows: in the pineapple field fed with the traditional mouse bait, the number of the mice, namely young pineapples and terminal buds, is 105 fruits, and the damage degree is 0.49%, while the number of the pineapple fruits and the terminal buds, namely 47 pineapple fruits, of the test field fed with the novel mouse bait is 0.29%.
Table 3: result investigation of one month after flower forcing by putting poison bait to prevent and control rodent damage
Example four
The pineapple test field and the control pineapple plots enter a mature period in late 4 months in 2019, ripening treatment is carried out on 1 day in 4 months, the time for putting the mouse poisoning bait is 3 months and 10 days, and the bait dosage in the test field is 8.0 kg. Day 10, 4 months, the fruit was investigated for rat damage before harvest, as in table 4.
The investigation result is as follows: subtracting the number of pineapple fruits damaged in the early stage, wherein the number of normal fruits in the test field is 16081, the number of damaged mature fruit field rats is 32, and the damage rate is 0.20%; the number of normal fruits in the control field is 21160, the number of harmful fruits in the later period is 120, and the damage rate is 0.57%. Compared with a control field without the poisonous mouse bait, the hazard rate of the rats in the test field with the poisonous mouse bait is reduced by 64.91%, and the effect of preventing and controlling the rats is remarkable.
Table 4: result investigation of rat damage prevention by putting poison bait one month before collection
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preventing and controlling rat damage in pineapple experimental fields is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: pineapple flower forcing → bait preparation → pineapple ripening → bait preparation;
the method comprises the following steps: after the pineapple seedlings are planted for 10-12 months, the mature leaves of the queen variety reach more than 35 leaves and reach the standard of flower forcing; the mature leaves of the cocaine variety reach more than 40 leaves, the standard of flower forcing is reached, artificial flower forcing is carried out, the flower forcing period is from the last ten days of 9 months to the end of 10 months, and the fruit maturation time is from 3 months to 5 months in the next year; specifically, the flower forcing time in the same day is from 5 o' clock afternoon to late night, the weather temperature during flower forcing is below 25 ℃, the flower forcing medicament is calcium carbide solution, the concentration is 2%, namely 2 jin of calcium carbide is added into 100 jin of water, the calcium carbide is used along with the mixture, the gasoline spraying machine is used for driving, the liquid medicine is pressed into a medicine pipe, the liquid medicine is manually filled into a seedling core by a spraying head, about 100 ml of the liquid medicine is filled into the seedling core, the seedling is small and small, and the seedling is large, the flower forcing is carried out again after 2 days, the flower forcing is carried out for 2 times totally, about 30 days after the blossom forcing of the queen variety, the red tender flower buds are stored in the seedling core, the caine variety takes 40 to 50 days, the individual variety takes 60 days to show red, the flower buds are extracted after the red, namely the fruit stalks are extended from the seedling position, the young fruits are grown on the fruit stalks, the young fruits begin to grow, the terminal buds begin to grow and grow larger, the hamsters are easy to damage and gnaw terminal buds and young fruits, the pineapple fruits lose commodity property after gnawing to cause loss, the queen variety is Bali, Shenwan pineapple or Puket, and the caine variety is acaine, Australian caine or eyeless pineapple;
step two: in view of the gnawing characteristic of the voles in the flower forcing stage, the bait is made into dry bait, the bait comprises millet, crushed peanut and a toxic agent, the toxic agent is bromadiolone, and the making process comprises the following steps: parching semen Setariae and semen Arachidis Hypogaeae respectively, air drying, crushing semen Arachidis Hypogaeae, mixing toxic agent, crushed semen Arachidis Hypogaeae and semen Setariae at a ratio of 1:5:20, mixing, and packaging into sealed bag;
step three: the input amount is as follows: calculating the land mass smaller than 5 mu of land according to the bait dosage of 0.5kg per mu of pineapple land; land blocks larger than 5 mu and smaller than 10 mu are calculated according to the putting amount of 0.25kg and 2kg per mu; calculating the land mass larger than 10 mu according to the putting amount of 0.2kg and 2.5kg per mu;
step four: in order to make the pineapple fruits in the whole land consistent in maturity, convenient to harvest and capable of meeting market requirements, ripening treatment needs to be carried out before the pineapple fruits are ripe, 40% ethephon is used as a ripening agent, 50-70 times of solution is prepared according to yellowing accelerating time, peels around the fruits are sprayed by manually carrying a sprayer on the back, and the solution is sprayed for 1 time only by spraying moisture;
step five: the preparation of the bait in the ripening stage is different from the preparation method of the bait put in the flower forcing stage, aiming at the problem that a mice harms mature pineapple fruits in the ripening stage, the mice have selectivity on the mature pineapple fruits, and the immature fruits cannot be harmed, so the bait imitates the fragrance characteristic of the mature pineapples, the wet bait is prepared, the components of the bait need to have mature pineapple fruit pulps, the pulps are cut into 1.5-2 cm squares, wheat bran and bromadiolone are mixed, the ratio of the bromadiolone to the wheat bran to the pineapple pulps is 1:10:10, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and then put into a sealing bag for later use;
step six: the input amount is as follows: calculating the land mass of less than 5 mu of land according to the throwing amount of 1kg of bait agent for each mu of pineapple land; land blocks larger than 5 mu and smaller than 10 mu are calculated according to the putting amount of 0.5kg and 4kg per mu; the land mass larger than 10 mu is calculated according to the putting amount of 0.3kg and 6kg per mu.
2. The method for controlling the rat damage of the pineapple experimental field according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the bait agent of the flower forcing stage is put in along the peripheral raticide of throwing in of pineapple plot, raticide places the position and should locate at the outer 20 ~ 30cm of pineapple seedling, can not place too far away from the seedling ground, the throw-in point is just to the pineapple seedling interline, about raticide 50g is placed in every position, two position intervals 3 meters, 3 meters apart from being just in time 2 pineapple ridge intervals, 3 throw-in points at every interval increase 1 again, the throw-in point that increases is located the pineapple ridge in the middle of throw-in point 3 and throw-in point 4, put in proper order around the whole seedling ground.
3. The method for controlling the rat damage of the pineapple experimental field according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the bait is put in advance for 1 month after flower forcing, namely before and after the pineapple turns red or half month before bud drawing, so that the quantity of rats is reduced, and the young fruit and the terminal bud of the pineapple are protected.
4. The method for controlling the rat damage of the pineapple experimental field according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the bait agent feeding mode in the ripening stage is to feed rodenticide along the periphery of a pineapple plot, the rodenticide feeding point is arranged in a pineapple seedling field and is 20-30 cm away from the edge of the seedling field, the rodenticide cannot be placed outside the seedling field, the feeding point is arranged under pineapple plant lines of pineapple seedlings, 100g of rodenticide is placed at each position, and the positions of two feeding points are spaced by 2 pineapple ridges.
5. The method for controlling the rat damage of the pineapple experimental field according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the bait is put in the ripening stage to mainly protect pineapple fruits from being damaged by rats after the pineapple fruits are ripe, so that the bait is put in about 1 month before the pineapple fruits are ripe, or 5 months after the pineapple fruits are red, the number of rats is reduced, and the fruits are protected.
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| EP0027989A1 (en) * | 1979-10-24 | 1981-05-06 | Bernard Dr. Delley | A process for preparing a rodenticidal bait |
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| CN107517687B (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2020-08-14 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Planting method for interplanting pineapples and pitaya |
| CN108812158A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-11-16 | 广西凯米克农业技术服务有限公司 | A kind of method for integrated control of the sugarcane Pest organism plague of rats |
| CN110218386A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-09-10 | 南京财经大学 | A kind of key technology of Ripening of Banana |
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