CN115380750A

CN115380750A - Fig cultivation method

Info

Publication number: CN115380750A
Application number: CN202110565870.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孔军强; 隋秀奇; 孔令丞
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-05-24
Filing date: 2021-05-24
Publication date: 2022-11-25

Abstract

The fig cultivation method comprises garden building and field planting, pruning and shaping, pest control and fertilizer and water management, and further comprises the following steps: planting cogongrass and/or planting vetch: wherein, the step of planting the mouse couch grass is to sow the mouse couch grass seeds in the last ten days of 9 months to the last ten days of 10 months in the garden where the fig trees are fixedly planted; planting wild peas, namely sowing long and soft wild pea seeds in the range of the tree disc from late 8 months to late 9 months; and/or poultry farming: birds were housed in the garden. According to the scheme, green plants and poultry are reasonably and effectively utilized during cultivation and planting, so that the requirements of fig cultivation on fertilizers, insect prevention, bird prevention, disease prevention and irrigation are met, and social benefits, environmental benefits and economic benefits are effectively enhanced.

Description

Fig cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural fruit and vegetable cultivation and planting, and particularly relates to a fig cultivation method.

Background

Ficus carica Linn, also called Mingyue fruit, tianxian fruit, honeydew fruit, is deciduous shrub or small tree of Moraceae Ficus, she Houda is dark green, intercropping, 3-5 palmar cleft, cryptocephalic inflorescence, hidden in pear-shaped or bead-shaped fleshy general inflorescence holder, and the formed fruit is called as "Ficus carica".

Ficus carica is one of four ancient fruits domesticated and cultivated firstly in the world, has the name of cherry tomato, is native to Western Asia, and grows in subtropical regions such as Asia, africa, europe, america and the like. The fig has the advantages of strong adaptability, drought resistance, moisture resistance, salt and alkali resistance, low requirement on soil and capability of growing in various soils. Because the original subtropical regions are produced, the cold resistance is far less than the heat resistance, and the north limit of cultivation is 39 degrees north latitude. The average annual temperature is 15 ℃, the average summer temperature is 20 ℃, the average lowest temperature in winter is 8 ℃, and the area with the biological accumulated temperature of more than 5 ℃ reaching 4800 ℃ is most suitable for the growth of the plants.

In China, the fig has a cultivation calendar of 2000 years, is planted in Xinjiang area at the earliest, and later the Tang dynasty gradually enters inland area through the silk road; meanwhile, through the propagation of port traders and foreign legendists, china is beginning to cultivate along the coast. The main producing areas of China are Shandong, xinjiang, jiangsu, sichuan, zhejiang, fujian, shanghai, shanxi, gansu, jiangxi, guangdong, guangxi and other provinces and markets.

Fig can not only beautify the environment, but also be a special fruit and natural plant medicine, and because the fig contains various chemical components with different biological activities, the fig has various effects of building up the body, prolonging life, preventing and resisting cancer and the like, so the fig is called as an anti-cancer fighter and a guard for human health in twenty-first century. With the improvement of living standard, people pay more and more attention to nutrition and health care, and a new natural organic food, fig, will become one of the favored nutrition and health care products in the 21 st century.

The Ficus carica has extremely high reputation, is reputable in the sea and outside, and has the market prospect of Chinese and internationalization. In recent years, more and more businesses have begun to shift eye light to the deep processing aspect of figs.

From the global fig yield, the global fig yield is basically stabilized to be more than 110 ten thousand tons in nearly five years, and according to statistics, the global fig yield is 111.96 ten thousand tons in 2019, and the yield is reduced by 1.38 percent on the same scale. In the aspect of harvest area, the harvest area of the fig is increased to 33.7 ten thousand hectares in 2019 according to statistics, and the yield is increased by 11.92% on a same scale.

By 2019, the fig harvest area in China is 2420 hectare, and the increase is 0.21% on a par. According to statistics, the yield of fig in China in 2019 is 1.42 ten thousand tons, the yield is increased by 2.16% on year, and the single yield is increased from 5.56 tons/hectare in 2015 to 5.86 tons/hectare in 2019. At present, the processed product form of fig is mainly common food, namely fresh fig is processed through the processes of canning, drying, sugar processing, wine brewing and the like so as to keep the natural flavor and the nutritional value of fig, the demand of China for fig is about 1.5 ten thousand tons, and according to statistics, the demand of China for fig is 1.55 ten thousand tons in 2019, and the increase of the same ratio is 4.73%. According to statistics, the import amount of fig in China is 2767 tons, the year by year 2019 is increased by 174.12% on the same scale, the export amount is 107.1 tons, and the year by year is increased by 24.39% on the same scale. According to statistics, the import amount of fig in China in 2019 is 427.5 ten thousand dollars, the year-on-year increase is 36.1%, the export amount is 62.9 ten thousand dollars, and the year-on-year increase is 3.97%.

The areas where fig is planted and processed in China are Shandong, xinjiang, sichuan, jiangsu and the like, the Shandong province is honored into the city, the Wenyuan county of the Sichuan province is entitled "the county of fig in China", and Xinjiang atlas is praised as "the county of fig" in China.

In the old production area of fig cultivation in China, more fig, xinjiang atlas, adhesive tape, garage, miller, kashi and the like are cultivated in the Shandong Weihai, the Weihai Su Shandao and the Xinjiang adhesive tape, and hundreds of old trees are still left up to now. In recent years, the application value of fig is generally accepted by society. The fig production is rapidly developed, the planting area in China currently reaches 3500 hectares, the fig cultivation in Yangtze river drainage areas and various places along the coast is also vigorously developed, the introduction, selection, reproduction and cultivation of fine varieties, the storage, transportation and series processing technology research of fruits are being carried out, and the development of the fig production has wide prospects.

In the prior art, pesticides are used for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests in the production process, so that a large amount of residues and pollution are caused, the safety of fig fruits is influenced, the health of consumers is harmed, the orchard environment is polluted, and the ecology is damaged. The herbicide is also used, so that a large amount of residues and pollution are caused, the safety of the fig fruits is influenced, the health of consumers is harmed, the orchard environment is polluted, and the ecology is damaged. When the chemical fertilizer or the farmyard manure is used, residues and pollution are easily caused, the cost of production materials and labor cost is increased, the chemical fertilizer and the farmyard manure are excessively used, the quality of fruits and the resistance to diseases and insect pests are reduced, underground water sources are easily polluted, and the ecology is damaged. Irrigation is necessary and is often threatened by drought due to irrigation conditions, resulting in reduced yield. The cultivation and weeding are necessary, and the cultivation and weeding need a large amount of labor and can damage roots, thereby increasing the cost and destroying the tree body. The bird damage must be prevented, some pesticides are used for driving birds to cause pollution, some bird nets are used for damaging the birds, and some noises and ultrasonic waves are used for driving the birds to cause sound environmental pollution. Overwintering is susceptible to freezing damage, and yields are greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the branches are reduced due to freezing injury, the newly germinated branches grow vigorously in the next year, the tree body is blocked, and the plant diseases and insect pests are caused to break out, poor illumination is caused, the fruiting is greatly reduced, and the yield loss is large.

Disclosure of Invention

The application scheme of the invention effectively improves the traditional fig planting and cultivating mode, effectively reduces the planting cost and improves the social benefit and the economic benefit.

The fig cultivation method comprises garden building and field planting (selecting pollution-free garden suitable for fig growth aiming at fig of selected overwintering variety, field planting fig trees), pruning and shaping, pest control and fertilizer and water management, and also comprises the following steps:

planting cogongrass and/or planting vetch: wherein, the step of planting the mouse couch grass is to sow the mouse couch grass seeds in the last ten days of 9 months to the last ten days of 10 months in the garden where the fig trees are fixedly planted; planting wild peas is to sow long soft wild pea seeds in the range of the tree disc from 8 late months to 9 early months:

the usage amount of the seeds of the cymbopogon citratus per mu is 1 kilogram, the sowing mode can adopt two modes of broadcast sowing and drill sowing, the row spacing is determined according to the soil cultivation quality during drill sowing, the row spacing of the cymbopogon citratus in the orchard with medium land strength is 20 centimeters, the row spacing of the orchard with medium land strength can be properly increased, and the row spacing of the orchard with poor land strength is properly reduced. For uniform sowing, sowing is carried out on windless days, and before sowing, the seeds of the common fescue and the fine sand are uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 1. After sowing, the seeds are lightly pulled by an iron harrow once, so that the covering soil is thin, and the seeds are compacted to prevent from being hung dry to influence seedling emergence.

Sowing of wild peas

The wild peas are suitable for early sowing in autumn, because the temperature is higher (17-19 ℃), the seedlings are fast to emerge, the effective accumulated temperature before overwintering can be fully utilized, the roots are early rooted, the branches are more branched, the seedlings grow strongly, the cold resistance is strong, and the fresh grass yield is high (tests show that the yield of fresh grass per mu sowed in the last ten days of 8 months reaches 3000 kilograms, and the yield is increased by 35.55-96.09% compared with that sowed in later periods). The suitable sowing time is from 8 months to 9 months, and the minimum time is not more than 10 months.

According to the experience of each region, the high yield can be obtained only when 5-10 ten thousand basic seedlings per mu. Each kilogram of seeds is 4 thousand seeds, the weight percentage of the seedlings is 35-50%, 3.5-6 kilograms of seeds are needed to be used per mu, and the number of seeds is increased or decreased within the range according to the condition. The amount of seeds used is increased, generally 4-5 kg, when the paddy field, the thin land, the clay, the soil moisture content is poor, the soil is prepared and put on extensively, the sowing period is late and the interplanting is carried out. On the contrary, the amount of the fertilizer is 3.5-4.5 kg in dry land, fertile soil, good in moisture content, fine in soil preparation and capable of planting trypan seeds. The dry farmland is mainly drill seeding, and the row spacing is preferably 20-30 cm); and/or

Poultry breeding: birds were housed in the garden.

Feeding goose seedlings (preferably Holdoba Ji geese), chicken seedlings and wild goose seedlings in spring about 4 months.

Goose manure produced by one goose in one year is equivalent to 1 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.9 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 0.5 kg of potassium fertilizer. Annual field planting seedlings need 5.75 kilograms of pure nitrogen, 1.75 kilograms of pure phosphorus and 6.25 kilograms of pure potassium in each mu of area, and the growth amount of new shoots is the largest. The number of the gooses is gradually increased after two years, according to the calculation, the minimum number of 5-10 gooses are raised in each mu of orchard, the requirement of the fig on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be met, and the organic fertilizers added by the cogongrass, the wild peas and the like are added, so that the requirement of the fig on fertility is met, and the fertilizers are not needed. In the process of raising geese in the fig garden, attention is paid to the mixed raising with the chickens and the wild geese, the claws of the chickens can loosen the soil and eat small insects, and the wild geese can eat snails in the fig garden. Therefore, the problem that soil is flattened to influence dewatering and air permeability in an orchard for a long time by the geese can be effectively solved.

The improvement of the fig cultivation method further comprises the step of applying the calcium-increasing materials to the tree tray, and the calcium-increasing materials are applied to the ground surface.

The invention relates to an improvement of the fig cultivation method, wherein the application amount of calcium-increasing materials is 10-20 kg per tree disc.

The improved fig cultivating process has calcium adding material applied in the thickness of 2-5 cm to cover each tree tray.

The invention relates to an improvement of a fig cultivation method, and calcium-increasing materials are a mixture formed by scallop shells, oyster shells and branch fragments.

The invention relates to an improvement of a fig cultivation method, wherein the proportion of scallop shells, oyster shells and branch fragments in calcium-increasing materials is (3-7): (2-4): (1-3). The preferable mixture ratio of the scallop shells, the oyster shells and the branch fragments is 5.

The invention discloses an improvement of the fig cultivation method, and further comprises the step of arranging laser bird repelling equipment on a garden.

The preferred laser bird repelling device is a laser bird repelling robot.

The technical method comprises the following steps:

selecting a garden which is free of any pollution and suitable for fig growth, building the garden, and planting a shelter forest for preventing wind.

And (4) selecting the fig variety suitable for local overwintering for planting.

Planting mouse couch grass and wild pea.

The tree disk is covered with scallop skin or oyster skin, etc., to increase biological calcium supplement, or covered with broken branch pieces.

The goose is bred for weeding.

And (5) driving the birds by using a laser bird-driving robot.

The invention principle is as follows: the common fescue cultivated by natural farming is a herbaceous plant which is resistant to severe cold but not high temperature. The seedlings cross over the cold winter like wheat seedlings, the flourishing period is 3-5 months in the next year, the middle and late days of 6 months (wheat mature period) and root systems are withered (scattered seeds sprout and emerge after autumn), the thickness of the hay is about 7 cm, then the hay enters into the rainy season, the thickness is gradually decomposed and thinned through the erosion of rainwater and the stepping of people, the ground forms a grass blanket woven like needle leaves, the grass blanket is not easy to ignite, and the worry of fire prevention is avoided. After rotten in rainy season, soil organic matters can be increased, and microbial activity is activated.

The method for planting the cymbopogon citratus in the orchard by the natural farming method can inhibit the growth of various weeds, does not use any herbicide, keeps good soil ventilation and improves the ecological environment of the orchard. The cogongrass has the advantages of preventing soil loss, supplementing organic matters (the weight of dry matters is 600-700kg/1 mu) in soil, and accumulating for years without using any fertilizer in orchards. The cogongrass also has the deep ploughing effect (the applicable depth is 30 cm) of plant roots, complements the shallow roots of the figs, has the effects of inhibiting weeds (the period of covering the ground is long, the weeds can be inhibited for a long time, the soil moisture is kept stable), increases the cultivation effect of VA root bacteria, and has a shorter competition period with the moisture and nutrient of the figs.

Meanwhile, the Vicia faba L.var.latifolia L.planted in the fig tree tray has nitrogen-fixing bacteria on Vicia faba L.root, so that the adaptability and stress resistance are strong, the Vicia faba L.var.latifolia L.grow vigorously in spring, the growth of other weeds is inhibited, a soil water source can be conserved, and nitrogen fixation and fertilization can be carried out. After the pods are grown in 6 months, the plants are also easy to rot, do not need to be cut, are labor-saving, and can effectively improve the nitrogen content of the orchard soil.

The Holuoji geese can be bred in a large-group grazing mode, the grazing mode can save breeding cost (40% -60% of feed), the geese can run in the wild frequently, and the citionella can meet the requirements of the geese. The geese can clear mouse thatch under the tree bottom, and meanwhile, the geese can cool and defecate under the fig trees, so that high-quality organic fertilizer is provided for the figs.

The method does not use any pesticide in the production process, so that no residue and pollution are caused, the fig fruit is safe, no harm is caused to consumers, the nutritive value is high, the orchard environment is not polluted, and the ecological environment is protected.

The method does not use any herbicide in the production process, so that no residue and pollution are caused, the fig fruit is safe, no harm is caused to consumers, the nutritional value is high, the orchard environment is not polluted, and the ecological environment is protected.

The invention does not use any chemical fertilizer including organic fertilizer in the production process, thereby greatly reducing the production cost, improving the fruit quality, not polluting underground water sources and effectively protecting the ecological environment.

The invention basically does not need watering in the production process, and the drought resistance is greatly improved.

The invention basically does not need intertillage and does not adopt manpower to weed in the production process, and the tree body is protected.

The invention adopts a new technology to drive birds in the production process, and the existing bird driving modes such as medicine, bird prevention net, noise, ultrasonic wave and the like are not needed during the operation, so that the invention is completely ecological and environment-friendly.

The orchard adopting the cultivation technology is not easy to freeze injury during overwintering, the tree body is medium, the fruits are large, the fruit quality is good, and the economic efficiency is high.

In conclusion, the natural agricultural cultivation method for figs, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages of no pesticide spraying, no fertilizer application and no watering, is a very low-cost and very high-quality cultivation method for figs, and has very high social and economic benefits.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to various embodiments. The embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and structural, methodological, or functional changes made by those skilled in the art according to the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The implementation of the scheme comprises the steps of selecting proper land blocks in the Weihai of Shandong, building an orchard, setting planting rows according to the row spacing of 2m x 3m, cutting the planting rows to be 10-15cm higher than the ridge surface and enabling the planting rows to be full, sowing long soft wild peas at the preset fruit tray positions in the later 8 th ten days (row spacing is used for row sowing at 20-30 cm, the seed amount per mu is 3.5-4.5 kg), sowing mouse couch grass in the whole orchard in the later 9 th days (row spacing is used for row sowing at 20 cm, the seed amount per mu is 1 kg, mixing the common vetch seeds and fine sand uniformly according to the proportion of 1; the fig trees are planted in the middle ten days of the next 4 months, the plant spacing is 2m, the row spacing is 3m, the proper fig seedlings are selected, the variety is Bo Ji Gong, the seedlings are required to be robust, strong in branches, full in tissue, high in lignification degree, definite in trunk, developed and complete in root system, more in lateral roots and fibrous roots, not split in root system, complete and robust in bud, free of mechanical damage to the seedlings, free of diseases and insect pests, free of water loss and vigorous vitality, the root system is disinfected by 700 times of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder before planting, stems are disinfected by 3-5 baume lime sulfur mixture, the seedling roots are placed on planting row planting points, the seedlings are straightened, the roots are covered with soil and tamped after being straightened, water is thoroughly poured, 2-3 full buds are left on the trunk, zhou Yongyin black double-color mulching film is covered, and water is preserved and moisture is preserved. And applying a mixture ratio of scallop shells, oyster shells and branch fragments in a tree disc area of 5:3:2, the dosage of the calcium increasing material can be 10-20 kg per tree tray, and the fruit trays are covered in a stacking mode or in a flat laying thickness of 2-5 cm. And (4) feeding HoloBaji goose seedlings (5-10 feeding densities per mu), chicken seedlings (2-5 feeding densities per mu) and wild goose seedlings (4-6 feeding densities per mu) in the garden by the month of 4.

In the implementation process of the scheme, the lemongrass grows vigorously in the April garden, and green forage can be provided for poultry in stocking. The common fescue withers in 5-6 months and falls down in 7 months. Meanwhile, the long and soft wild peas grow, bloom and bear fruits in 6-10 months, and can provide the green feed for the poultry and the bean concentrate. And the insects provided in the grass clumps in the garden are supplemented, so that the requirement of concentrated feed for raising the poultry can be further reduced.

During the growth period, cogongrass grass and long soft wild pea alternately provide green feed, and then after the growth is finished, the green feed is laid down and decayed to avoid weed growth, and simultaneously, humus is provided. Can meet the growth requirement of fig trees when being matched with excrement of poultry and other animals and the like.

Compared with the comparative example, the embodiment can realize the yield per mu of 2446.8 kilograms (taking the average yield of 2-3 years of fruit bearing as an example), which is improved by 22.34 percent. The cost for fertilizer, pest control, water and fertilizer weeding and other garden manual management is reduced by 1.2 ten thousand yuan per mu. The fruit quality is improved, and the high-quality fruit rate is 93.4%. The poultry output value is 8776.7 yuan, the pesticide residue is zero, and the fertilizer residue is zero.

Example 2

The implementation of the scheme comprises the steps of selecting proper land blocks in the Weihai of Shandong, building an orchard, setting planting rows according to the row spacing of 2m x 3m, cutting the planting rows to be 10-15cm higher than the ridge surface and enabling the planting rows to be full, sowing long soft wild peas at the preset fruit tray positions in the later 8 th ten days (row spacing is used for row sowing at 20-30 cm, the seed amount per mu is 3.5-4.5 kg), sowing mouse couch grass in the whole orchard in the later 9 th days (row spacing is used for row sowing at 20 cm, the seed amount per mu is 1 kg, mixing the common vetch seeds and fine sand uniformly according to the proportion of 1; the fig trees are planted in the middle ten days of the next 4 months, the plant spacing is 2m, the row spacing is 3m, the proper fig seedlings are selected, the varieties are green tangerine peels, the seedlings are required to be robust, the branches are robust, the tissues are full, the lignification degree is high, the trunks are clear, the root systems are developed and complete, more lateral roots and fibrous roots are provided, the root systems are not split, the seedlings have complete and robust buds, the seedlings are free of mechanical damage, diseases and insect pests, water loss and vigorous vitality, the root systems are disinfected by 700 times of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder before planting, the stems are disinfected by 3-5 baume lime sulfur mixture, the seedling roots are placed on planting row planting points, the seedlings are straightened, the roots are covered with soil and are compacted after being straightened, the water is thoroughly poured, 2-3 plump buds are reserved on the trunks, the roots are covered by Zhou Yongyin black two-color mulching film, and the water is preserved and the moisture is preserved. And applying a mixture ratio of scallop shells, oyster shells and branch fragments in a tree disc area of 3:4:3, the dosage of the calcium increasing material can be 10-20 kg per tree tray, and the fruit trays are covered in a stacking mode or a flat laying thickness of 2-5 cm. And (4) feeding HoloBaji goose seedlings (5-10 feeding densities per mu), chicken seedlings (2-5 feeding densities per mu) and wild goose seedlings (4-6 feeding densities per mu) in the garden by the month of 4.

In the implementation process of the scheme, the lemongrass grows vigorously in the April garden, and green forage can be provided for poultry in stocking. The common fescue withers in 5-6 months and falls down in 7 months. Meanwhile, the long and soft wild peas grow, bloom and bear fruits in 6-10 months, and can provide the green feed for the poultry and the bean concentrate. And insects provided among grasses in the garden are supplemented, so that the requirement of concentrated feed for raising the poultry can be further reduced.

During the growth period, the cogongrass and the long soft wild peas are crossed to provide green feed, and then the green feed is laid down and decayed after the growth is finished to avoid the growth of weeds and provide humus. Can meet the growth requirement of fig trees when being matched with excrement of poultry and other animals and the like.

Compared with the comparative example, the embodiment can realize the yield per mu of 2465.6 kg (taking the average yield of fruit bearing in 2-3 years as an example), and the yield per mu is improved by 23.28 percent. Reduce the cost of fertilizer, pest control and water and fertilizer weeding and other garden management costs by 1.2 ten thousand. The fruit quality is greatly improved, and the high-quality fruit rate is 92.6%. The poultry yield is 7698.3 yuan, the pesticide residue is zero, and the fertilizer residue is zero.

Example 3

The implementation of the scheme comprises the steps of selecting proper land blocks in the Weihai of Shandong, building an orchard, setting planting rows according to the row spacing of 2m x 3m, cutting the planting rows to be 10-15cm higher than the ridge surface and enabling the planting rows to be full, sowing long soft wild peas at the preset fruit tray positions in the later 8 th ten days (row spacing is used for row sowing at 20-30 cm, the seed amount per mu is 3.5-4.5 kg), sowing mouse couch grass in the whole orchard in the later 9 th days (row spacing is used for row sowing at 20 cm, the seed amount per mu is 1 kg, mixing the common vetch seeds and fine sand uniformly according to the proportion of 1; the method comprises the steps of planting the fig trees in the middle ten days of the next 4 months, wherein the plant spacing is 2m, the row spacing is 3m, selecting proper fig seedlings, the variety is Masiyi Toufen, the seedlings are required to be robust, branches are robust, tissues are full, the lignification degree is high, the trunks are clear, the root systems are developed and complete, more lateral roots and fibrous roots are provided, the root systems are not split, the seedlings have complete and robust buds, the seedlings have no mechanical damage, no plant diseases and insect pests and no water loss and have vigorous vitality, the root systems are disinfected by 700 times of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder before planting, stems are disinfected by 3-5 baume lime sulfur mixture, placing the seedling roots on planting points of the planting rows, straightening the seedlings, earthing and treading the roots after straightening, watering the seedlings thoroughly, reserving 2-3 full bud short sections on the trunks, covering the roots by Zhou Yongyin black double-color mulching film, preserving water and preserving moisture. And applying a mixture ratio of scallop shells, oyster shells and branch fragments in a tree disc area of 7:2:1, the dosage of the calcium increasing material can be 10-20 kg per tree tray, and the fruit trays are covered in a stacking mode or in a flat laying thickness of 2-5 cm. And (4) feeding HoloBaji goose seedlings (5-10 feeding densities per mu), chicken seedlings (2-5 feeding densities per mu) and wild goose seedlings (4-6 feeding densities per mu) in the garden by the month of 4.

In the implementation process of the scheme, the lemongrass grows vigorously in the garden of 4 months, and green forage can be provided for poultry kept in the garden. The common fescue withers in 5-6 months and falls down in 7 months. Meanwhile, the long and soft wild peas grow, bloom and bear fruits in 6-10 months, and can provide the green feed for the poultry and the bean concentrate. And the insects provided in the grass clumps in the garden are supplemented, so that the requirement of concentrated feed for raising the poultry can be further reduced.

Compared with the comparative example, the embodiment can realize the yield per mu of 2460.8 kg (taking the average yield of fruit bearing in 2-3 years as an example), and the yield per mu is improved by 23.04%. Reduce the cost of fertilizer, pest control and manual management of gardens such as weeding water and fertilizer by 1.3 ten thousand yuan. The fruit quality is greatly improved, and the fruit quality rate reaches 92.3%. The poultry yield is 7978.5 yuan, the pesticide residue is zero, and the fertilizer residue is zero.

Example 4

The implementation of the scheme comprises the steps of selecting proper land blocks in the Weihai of Shandong, building an orchard, setting planting rows according to the row spacing of 2m x 3m, cutting the planting rows to be 10-15cm higher than the ridge surface and enabling the planting rows to be full, sowing long soft wild peas at the preset fruit tray positions in the later 8 th ten days (row spacing is used for row sowing at 20-30 cm, the seed amount per mu is 3.5-4.5 kg), sowing mouse couch grass in the whole orchard in the later 9 th days (row spacing is used for row sowing at 20 cm, the seed amount per mu is 1 kg, mixing the common vetch seeds and fine sand uniformly according to the proportion of 1; the fig trees are planted in the middle ten days of the next 4 months, the plant spacing is 2m, the row spacing is 3m, the proper fig seedlings are selected, the variety is japanese purple fruits, the seedlings are required to be robust, branches are healthy and strong, the tissues are full, the lignification degree is high, the trunks are clear, the root systems are developed and complete, more lateral roots and fibrous roots are provided, the root systems are not split, the complete and robust buds are provided, the seedlings have no mechanical damage, no diseases and insect pests and no water loss and have vigorous vitality, the root systems before planting are disinfected by using 70% thiophanate methyl wettable 700 times liquid, stems are disinfected by using 3-5 baume lime mixture, the seedling roots are placed on the planting points of the rows, the seedlings are straightened, the roots are covered with soil and are compacted after being straightened, the water is poured, the trunks are left with 2-3 plump buds, the roots are covered with Zhou Yongyin black double-color mulching films, and the water is preserved and preserved. And applying a mixture ratio of scallop shells, oyster shells and branch fragments in a tree disc area of 6:3:1, the dosage of the calcium increasing material can be 10-20 kg for each tree tray, and the fruit trays are covered in a stacking mode or in a flat laying thickness of 2-5 cm. And (4) feeding HoloBaji goose seedlings (5-10 feeding densities per mu), chicken seedlings (2-5 feeding densities per mu) and wild goose seedlings (4-6 feeding densities per mu) in the garden by the month of 4.

In the implementation process of the scheme, the lemongrass grows vigorously in the garden of 4 months, and green forage can be provided for poultry kept in the garden. The common fescue withers in 5-6 months and falls down in 7 months. Meanwhile, the long and soft wild peas grow, bloom and bear fruits in 6-10 months, and can provide the green feed for the poultry and the bean concentrate. And insects provided among grasses in the garden are supplemented, so that the requirement of concentrated feed for raising the poultry can be further reduced.

Compared with the comparative example, the embodiment can realize the yield per mu of 2664.7 kilograms (taking the average yield of 2-3 years of fruit bearing as an example), and the improvement is 33.235%. Reduce the cost of fertilizer, pest control and water and fertilizer weeding and other garden management costs by 1.2 ten thousand yuan. The fruit quality is greatly improved, and the high-quality fruit rate is 94.2%. The poultry yield is 6987.6 yuan, the pesticide residue is zero, and the fertilizer residue is zero.

Example 5

The implementation of the scheme comprises the steps of selecting proper land blocks in the Weihai of Shandong, building an orchard, setting planting rows according to the row spacing of 2m x 3m, cutting the planting rows to be 10-15cm higher than the ridge surface and enabling the planting rows to be full, sowing long soft wild peas at the preset fruit tray positions in the later 8 th ten days (row spacing is used for row sowing at 20-30 cm, the seed amount per mu is 3.5-4.5 kg), sowing mouse couch grass in the whole orchard in the later 9 th days (row spacing is used for row sowing at 20 cm, the seed amount per mu is 1 kg, mixing the common vetch seeds and fine sand uniformly according to the proportion of 1; the method comprises the steps of planting the fig trees in the middle ten days of the next 4 months, wherein the row spacing is 2m, the row spacing is 3m, selecting proper fig seedlings, the variety is Xinjiang early yellow, the seedlings are required to be strong, branches are strong, tissues are full, the lignification degree is high, the main stems are clear, the root systems are developed and complete, more lateral roots and fibrous roots are provided, the root systems are not split, the seedlings have complete and strong buds, the seedlings have no mechanical damage, no plant diseases and insect pests and no water loss and have vigorous vitality, the root systems are disinfected by 700 times of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder before planting, stems are disinfected by 3-5 baume lime mixture, the seedling roots are placed on planting points of the rows, the seedlings are straightened, the roots are covered with soil and are compacted after being straightened, water is poured, 2-3 plump bud short sections are reserved on the main stems, the roots are covered by Zhou Yongyin black double-color mulching film, and the water is preserved and preserved. And applying a mixture ratio of scallop shells, oyster shells and branch fragments in a tree disc area of 4:3:3, the dosage of the calcium increasing material can be 10-20 kg per tree tray, and the fruit trays are covered in a stacking mode or a flat laying thickness of 2-5 cm. And (4) feeding HoloBaji goose seedlings (5-10 feeding densities per mu), chicken seedlings (2-5 feeding densities per mu) and wild goose seedlings (4-6 feeding densities per mu) in the garden by the month of 4.

Compared with the comparative example, the embodiment can realize the yield per mu of 2380.5 kilograms (taking the average yield of fruit bearing in 2-3 years as an example), and improve the yield per mu by 19.025%. Reduce the fertilizer, the treatment cost of plant diseases and insect pests, the water and fertilizer weeding cost and other garden management cost by 1.3 ten thousand yuan. The fruit quality is greatly improved, and the high-quality fruit rate is 95.3%. The poultry yield is 7463.6 yuan, the pesticide residue is zero, and the fertilizer residue is zero.

Example 11

The implementation of the scheme comprises the steps of selecting proper land blocks in the Weihai of Shandong, building an orchard, setting planting rows according to the row spacing of 2m x 3m, cutting the planting rows to be 10-15cm higher than the ridge surface and enabling the planting rows to be full, sowing long soft wild peas at the preset fruit tray positions in the later 8 th ten days (row spacing is used for row sowing at 20-30 cm, the seed amount per mu is 3.5-4.5 kg), sowing mouse couch grass in the whole orchard in the later 9 th days (row spacing is used for row sowing at 20 cm, the seed amount per mu is 1 kg, mixing the common vetch seeds and fine sand uniformly according to the proportion of 1; the fig trees are planted in the middle ten days of the next 4 months, the plant spacing is 2m, the row spacing is 3m, the proper fig seedlings are selected, the variety is Bo Ji Gong, the seedlings are required to be robust, strong in branches, full in tissue, high in lignification degree, definite in trunk, developed and complete in root system, more in lateral roots and fibrous roots, not split in root system, complete and robust in bud, free of mechanical damage to the seedlings, free of diseases and insect pests, free of water loss and vigorous vitality, the root system is disinfected by 700 times of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder before planting, stems are disinfected by 3-5 baume lime sulfur mixture, the seedling roots are placed on planting row planting points, the seedlings are straightened, the roots are covered with soil and tamped after being straightened, water is thoroughly poured, 2-3 full buds are left on the trunk, zhou Yongyin black double-color mulching film is covered, and water is preserved and moisture is preserved. And applying a mixture ratio of scallop shells, oyster shells and branch fragments in a tree disc area of 5:3:2, the dosage of the calcium increasing material can be 10-20 kg per tree tray, and the fruit trays are covered in a stacking mode or in a flat laying thickness of 2-5 cm.

In the implementation process of the scheme, the growth of the common vetch grass is flourishing in the garden of 4 months, the common vetch grass withers in 5-6 months, and the common vetch grass falls down in 7 months. Meanwhile, the long and soft wild peas grow, and successively bloom and bear fruits in 6-10 months. Then, after the growth is finished, the weeds are laid down and rotted to avoid the growth of the weeds, and meanwhile, humus is provided.

Compared with the comparative example, the embodiment can realize the yield per mu of 2270.6 kg (taking the average yield of fruit bearing in 2-3 years as an example), and the yield per mu is improved by 13.53 percent. The cost for treating fertilizers and plant diseases and insect pests and the cost for manual garden management such as weeding, water and fertilizer and the like are reduced by 1.07 ten thousand yuan. The quality of the fruit reaches 87.4 percent.

Example 12

The implementation of the scheme comprises the steps of selecting proper land blocks in the Weihai of Shandong, building an orchard, setting planting rows according to the row spacing of 2m x 3m, cutting the planting rows to be 10-15cm higher than the ridge surface and enabling the planting rows to be full, sowing long soft wild peas at the preset fruit tray positions in the later 8 th ten days (row spacing is used for row sowing at 20-30 cm, the seed amount per mu is 3.5-4.5 kg), sowing mouse couch grass in the whole orchard in the later 9 th days (row spacing is used for row sowing at 20 cm, the seed amount per mu is 1 kg, mixing the common vetch seeds and fine sand uniformly according to the proportion of 1; the fig trees are planted in the middle ten days of the next 4 months, the plant spacing is 2m, the row spacing is 3m, the proper fig seedlings are selected, the varieties are green tangerine peels, the seedlings are required to be robust, the branches are robust, the tissues are full, the lignification degree is high, the trunks are clear, the root systems are developed and complete, more lateral roots and fibrous roots are provided, the root systems are not split, the seedlings have complete and robust buds, the seedlings are free of mechanical damage, diseases and insect pests, water loss and vigorous vitality, the root systems are disinfected by 700 times of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder before planting, the stems are disinfected by 3-5 baume lime sulfur mixture, the seedling roots are placed on planting row planting points, the seedlings are straightened, the roots are covered with soil and are compacted after being straightened, the water is thoroughly poured, 2-3 plump buds are reserved on the trunks, the roots are covered by Zhou Yongyin black two-color mulching film, and the water is preserved and the moisture is preserved. And applying a mixture ratio of scallop shells, oyster shells and branch fragments in a tree disc area of 3:4:3, the dosage of the calcium increasing material can be 10-20 kg per tree tray, and the fruit trays are covered in a stacking mode or a flat laying thickness of 2-5 cm.

Compared with the comparative example, the embodiment can realize the yield per mu of 2230.6 kilograms (taking the average yield of 2-3 years of fruit bearing as an example), and the yield per mu is improved by 11.53 percent. Reduce the fertilizer, the cost of pest control and the cost of garden management such as weeding water and fertilizer 6572.6 yuan. The fruit quality and the fruit yield are 63.7%.

Example 13

The implementation of the scheme comprises the steps of selecting proper land blocks in the Weihai of Shandong, building an orchard, setting planting rows according to the row spacing of 2m x 3m, cutting the planting rows to be 10-15cm higher than the ridge surface and enabling the planting rows to be full, sowing long soft wild peas at the preset fruit tray positions in the later 8 th ten days (row spacing is used for row sowing at 20-30 cm, the seed amount per mu is 3.5-4.5 kg), sowing mouse couch grass in the whole orchard in the later 9 th days (row spacing is used for row sowing at 20 cm, the seed amount per mu is 1 kg, mixing the common vetch seeds and fine sand uniformly according to the proportion of 1; the fig trees are planted in the middle ten days of the next 4 months, the plant spacing is 2m, the row spacing is 3m, appropriate fig seedlings are selected, the variety is Masidaofen, the seedlings are required to be robust, branches are sturdy, the tissues are full, the lignification degree is high, the trunks are clear, the root systems are developed and complete, more lateral roots and fibrous roots are provided, the root systems are not split, complete and robust buds are provided, the seedlings are free of mechanical damage, diseases and insect pests, do not lose water and have vigorous vitality, the root systems before planting are disinfected by 700 times of 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder, stems are disinfected by 3-5 baume lime mixture, the seedling roots are placed on planting points of the rows, the seedlings are straightened, the roots are straightened, covered with soil and treaded, water is permeated, the trunks are left with 2-3 plump bud cuts, the roots are Zhou Yongyin black double-color mulching films, and water retention and moisture preservation are achieved. And applying a mixture ratio of scallop shells, oyster shells and branch fragments in a tree disc area of 7:2:1, the dosage of the calcium increasing material can be 10-20 kg per tree tray, and the fruit trays are covered in a stacking mode or in a flat laying thickness of 2-5 cm.

In the implementation process of the scheme, the growth of the common vetch grass is flourishing in the garden of 4 months, the common vetch grass withers in 5-6 months, and the common vetch grass falls down in 7 months. Meanwhile, the long and soft wild peas grow, and successively bloom and bear fruits in 6-10 months. Then, after the growth is finished, the weeds are laid down and rotted to avoid the growth of the weeds, and meanwhile, humus is provided. And applying additional fertilizer at proper period, wherein the additional fertilizer is preferably applied in stages before the young shoots grow rapidly and in the rapid expansion period of receptacle fruits, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers applied to the figs is 0.5: 1, and the total amount of the fertilizer applied to each plant is 100 g.

Compared with the comparative example, the embodiment can realize the yield per mu of 2336.8 kg (taking the average yield of fruit bearing in 2-3 years as an example), and the yield is improved by 16.84%. Reduce the cost of fertilizer, pest control and manual management of gardens such as weeding liquid manure 5795.6 yuan. The high-quality fruit rate of the fruit is 89.39%.

Comparative example

The implementation of the scheme of the embodiment comprises the steps of selecting proper land blocks in the Weihai in Shandong, building an orchard, setting planting rows according to row spacing 2m x 3m, and cutting the planting rows which are 10-15cm higher than the ridge surface, are low at two sides and are full at the middle; the fig trees are planted in the middle ten days of the next 4 months, the plant spacing is 2m, the row spacing is 3m, the proper fig seedlings are selected, the varieties are green tangerine peels, the seedlings are required to be robust, the branches are robust, the tissues are full, the lignification degree is high, the trunks are clear, the root systems are developed and complete, more lateral roots and fibrous roots are provided, the root systems are not split, the seedlings have complete and robust buds, the seedlings are free of mechanical damage, diseases and insect pests, water loss and vigorous vitality, the root systems are disinfected by 700 times of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder before planting, the stems are disinfected by 3-5 baume lime sulfur mixture, the seedling roots are placed on planting row planting points, the seedlings are straightened, the roots are covered with soil and are compacted after being straightened, the water is thoroughly poured, 2-3 plump buds are reserved on the trunks, the roots are covered by Zhou Yongyin black two-color mulching film, and the water is preserved and the moisture is preserved.

The pesticide is 1000 times liquid of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder, 800 times liquid of 70 percent chlorothalonil wettable powder or 800 times liquid of 80 percent thiram wettable powder and 1000 times liquid of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder after 2 to 3 times of spraying the pesticide for 3 to 4 months at intervals of 15 days every time. In the growth period of fruits, special odor is emitted to the periphery to cause the damage of the mulberry field cattle, the mulberry field cattle are caught manually, and the contact breaking type microcapsule water aqua with 200-400 times of liquid is matched for preventing and treating.

When the water holding capacity of the soil is lower than 15-20%, water must be added, and the watering time is mainly in the germination period and autumn drought; the base fertilizer of fig is applied before and after leaf falling in combination with winter ploughing, the method is that about 5kg of decomposed mixed fertilizer is applied to the plant at a position about 40cm away from the main root, the top dressing is preferably applied by stages before the rapid growth of new shoots and in the rapid expansion period of receptacle fruits, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers applied to fig is 0.5: 1, the total amount of application of each plant is 100 g, and the waterlogging drainage needs to be paid attention in rainy season. Meanwhile, depending on the growth state of weeds, the weeds are removed every 1 to 2 months.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A fig cultivation method comprises garden building and field planting, pruning and shaping, pest control and fertilizer and water management, and is characterized by further comprising the following steps:

planting cogongrass and/or planting vetch: wherein, the step of planting the mouse couch grass is to sow the mouse couch grass seeds in the last ten days of 9 months to the last ten days of 10 months in the garden where the fig trees are fixedly planted; planting wild peas, namely sowing long and soft wild pea seeds in the range of the tree disc from late 8 months to late 9 months; and/or

Poultry breeding: birds were housed in the garden.

2. The fig cultivation method according to claim 1, further comprising applying a calcium supplement to the tree tray, wherein the calcium supplement is applied to the ground surface.

3. The cultivation method of fig. 2, wherein the amount of said calcium-enriched material applied is 10-20 kg per tree tray.

4. A cultivation method of fig. 2, wherein the said calcium-enriched material is applied to cover the thickness of each tree tray from 2 cm to 5 cm.

5. A method of cultivating figs according to claim 2, wherein the calcium-enriched material is a mixture of scallop shell, oyster shell, and branch chips.

6. A fig cultivation method according to claim 5, wherein the proportion of scallop shells, oyster shells and branch fragments in the calcium-increasing material is (3-7): (2-4): (1-3).

7. A method for cultivating figs according to any one of claims 1-6, further comprising installing laser bird repelling equipment on the garden.

8. The fig cultivation method according to claim 7, wherein the laser bird repelling device is a laser bird repelling robot.