CN110638508A - 定制的患者专用整形外科器械 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明题为“定制的患者专用整形外科器械”。本发明公开了一种整形外科器械,该整形外科器械包括具有主体的定制的患者专用外科器械。切割导向狭槽延伸穿过主体。一对第一臂从主体向后延伸。每个臂包括第一定制的患者专用负外形,该第一定制的患者专用负外形被构造成接纳患者股骨髁之一的第一对应正外形的一部分。第二臂从主体朝近侧延伸。第二臂具有第二定制的患者专用负外形,该第二定制的患者专用负外形被构造成接纳患者股骨的前表面的第二对应正外形的一部分。本发明还公开了一种执行外科手术的方法。
Description
技术领域
本公开整体涉及整形外科器械,并且更具体地涉及定制的患者专用整形外科器械。
背景技术
关节成形术是一种熟知的外科手术,可通过关节成形术来用假体关节置换患病和/或损坏的自然关节。例如,在全膝关节成形术中,将患者的自然膝关节部分或全部置换为假体膝关节或膝关节假体。典型的膝关节假体包括胫骨托、股骨部件和定位在胫骨托和股骨部件之间的聚合物插入物或支承件。在髋关节置换外科手术中,用假体外杯置换患者的自然髋臼,并且用假体柄和股骨球部分地或完全地置换患者的自然股骨头。
为了有利于用假体置换自然关节,整形外科医生使用多种整形外科器械,诸如例如切割块、钻导向器、铣削导向器和其它外科器械。通常,整形外科器械相对于患者来说是可重复使用的并且是通用的,使得在相似的整形外科手术过程中对多个不同的患者可使用相同的整形外科器械。
整形外科器械也可针对特定患者定制。此类“定制的患者专用整形外科器械”是供外科医生在执行整形外科手术时使用的一次性外科工具,该一次性外科工具被设计和构造成供特定患者使用。应当理解,这些器械不同于旨在用于多种不同患者的、标准的、非患者专用整形外科器械。这些“定制的患者专用整形外科器械”不同于经外科手术植入患者体内的整形外科假体,不论是患者专用还是通用的。相反,定制的患者专用整形外科器械是整形外科医生用来辅助植入整形外科假体的。
发明内容
根据本公开的一个方面,一种整形外科器械包括具有主体的定制的患者专用外科器械。切割导向狭槽延伸穿过该主体。一对第一臂从该主体向后延伸。每个臂包括第一定制的患者专用负外形,该第一定制的患者专用负外形被构造成接纳患者股骨髁之一的第一对应正外形的一部分。第二臂从该主体朝近侧延伸。该第二臂具有第二定制的患者专用负外形,该第二定制的患者专用负外形被构造成接纳该患者股骨的前表面的第二对应正外形的一部分。对齐狭槽延伸穿过该主体和该朝近侧延伸的臂,并且当该定制的患者专用外科器械定位在该患者股骨上时被定位成与该患者股骨的滑车沟的最深部分对齐。
在一些实施方案中,该对齐狭槽可横向于该切割导向狭槽延伸。
在一些实施方案中,该主体可具有平面远侧表面和平面近侧表面。该对齐狭槽可包括延伸穿过该远侧表面的开口和延伸穿过该近侧表面的开口。
在一些实施方案中,该第二臂可包括从该主体延伸的主干和附接到该主干的近侧端部的凸缘。该凸缘可包括第二定制的患者专用负外形的一部分。该主干可包括前表面和后表面。该对齐狭槽可包括延伸穿过该前表面的开口和延伸穿过该后表面的开口。延伸穿过该前表面的该开口和延伸穿过该后表面的该开口可以是弯曲的。
在一些实施方案中,该定制的患者专用整形外科器械可包括凸台,该凸台附接到该主体并且从该主体延伸到与该主体间隔开的自由端。该凸台可包括限定在其自由端中的开口。导向孔可延伸穿过该凸台。
根据本公开的另一个方面,一种整形外科器械包括具有主体的定制的患者专用外科器械。切割导向狭槽可延伸穿过该主体。一对第一臂可从该主体向后延伸。每个臂可包括第一定制的患者专用负外形,该第一定制的患者专用负外形被构造成接纳患者股骨髁之一的第一对应正外形的一部分。对齐狭槽可横向于该切割导向狭槽延伸穿过该主体,并且当该定制的患者专用外科器械定位在该患者股骨上时被定位成与该患者股骨的滑车沟的最深部分对齐。
在一些实施方案中,该主体可具有平面远侧表面和平面近侧表面。该对齐狭槽可包括延伸穿过该远侧表面的开口和延伸穿过该近侧表面的开口。
在一些实施方案中,该定制的患者专用整形外科器械可包括凸台,该凸台附接到该主体并且从该主体延伸到与该主体间隔开的自由端。该凸台可包括限定在其自由端中的开口。导向孔可延伸穿过该凸台。
在一些实施方案中,第二臂可从该主体朝近侧延伸。该第二臂可包括从该主体延伸的主干和附接到该主干的近侧端部的凸缘。该第二臂可具有第二定制的患者专用负外形,该第二定制的患者专用负外形被构造成接纳该患者股骨的前表面的第二对应正外形的一部分。该凸缘可包括第二定制的患者专用负外形的一部分。该主干可包括前表面和后表面。该对齐狭槽可包括延伸穿过该前表面的开口和延伸穿过该后表面的开口。延伸穿过该前表面的该开口和延伸穿过该后表面的该开口可以是弯曲的。
根据本发明的另一个方面,一种执行整形外科手术的方法包括:将视觉标记放置在限定患者股骨的滑车沟的最深部分的表面上。该方法还包括:将定制的患者专用外科器械放置在该患者股骨上。该方法还包括:将延伸穿过该定制的患者专用外科器械的对齐狭槽与该患者股骨的该表面上的视觉标记对齐,以将该定制的患者专用外科器械定位在该患者股骨上。
在一些实施方案中,该方法可包括:将延伸穿过该定制的患者专用外科器械的主体的对齐狭槽与该视觉标记对齐。
在一些实施方案中,该方法可包括:将延伸穿过该定制的患者专用外科器械的臂的对齐狭槽与该视觉标记对齐。
附图说明
具体地参考以下附图进行详细说明,其中:
图1是定制的患者专用整形外科器械的透视图;
图2是图1所示的定制的患者专用整形外科器械的底部透视图;
图3是图1所示的定制的患者专用整形外科器械的后正视图;
图4是图1所示的定制的患者专用整形外科器械的另一底部透视图;
图5是图1所示的定制的患者专用整形外科器械的顶部平面图;
图6是图1所示的定制的患者专用整形外科器械的前正视图;
图7是患者股骨的远侧端部的透视图;
图8是定位在图7的患者股骨的远侧端部上的图1的定制的患者专用外科器械的透视图;以及
图9是定位在图7的患者股骨的远侧端部上的图1的定制的患者专用外科器械的正视图。
具体实施方式
虽然本公开的概念易于具有各种修改形式和替代形式,但其具体示例性实施方案已在附图中以举例的方式示出,并且将在本文中进行详细描述。然而应当理解,无意将本公开的概念限制为所公开的特定形式,而是相反,意图在于涵盖所附权利要求限定的本发明的实质和范围内的所有修改型式、等同型式和替代型式。
在整篇说明书中,当涉及整形外科植入物和本文所述外科手术器械以及患者自然解剖结构时,可能会用到表示解剖学参考的术语,例如前、后、内侧、外侧、上、下等。这些术语在解剖学研究和整形外科领域都具有公知的含义。除非另外说明,否则在书面具体实施方式和权利要求中使用的这些解剖参考术语旨在与其熟知的含义一致。
现在参见图1,示出了整形外科器械10。该器械10例示性地是定制的患者专用整形外科器械。本文所用术语“定制的患者专用整形外科器械”是指外科医生在执行整形外科手术时使用的外科工具,该外科工具被设计和构造成供特定患者使用。因而,应当理解,如本文所用,术语“定制的患者专用整形外科器械”不同于标准的非患者专用整形外科器械(即,“患者通用器械”诸如患者通用切割块),标准的非患者专用整形外科器械旨在用于各类不同患者,而且并非针对任何特定患者而制造或定制。另外,应当理解,如本文所用,术语“定制的患者专用整形外科器械”不同于经外科手术植入患者体内的整形外科假体或植入物,不论是患者专用还是通用的。相反,整形外科医生使用定制的患者专用整形外科器械来帮助植入整形外科假体。“定制的患者专用整形外科器械”的示例包括定制的患者专用钻/销导向器、定制的患者专用胫骨切割块、定制的患者专用股骨切割块、以及定制的患者专用对齐导向器。
在例示性实施方案中,定制的患者专用整形外科器械是股骨切割导向块12。切割块12的前接触表面和远侧接触表面有利于将切割块12固定在患者股骨上。如下文更详细地描述,外科器械10被构造成在患者的髁以及股骨的从髁朝近侧延伸的前部分上以独特的预先确定的位置和取向联接到患者股骨。切割块12接触区域被构造成以独特的预先确定的位置和取向联接到患者股骨,使得延伸穿过切割块12的对齐狭槽与滑车沟的最深部分对齐。在例示性实施方案中,切割块12的结构已被成型以相对于常规切割块减小其尺寸并且避免与患者骨的不期望区域接触。
股骨切割块12包括基板20以及附接到基板20并从基板20向外延伸的多个外科工具导向主体22。在例示性实施方案中,股骨切割块12是由金属材料诸如例如不锈钢形成的单个整体式部件。以此方法,基板20和导向主体22形成单个整体式金属块。股骨切割块12通过例如直接金属激光烧结(DMLS)(也称为选择性激光烧结(SLS))形成,DMLS是一种形式的增材制造技术。在DMLS中,使用激光烧结以逐层的方式形成股骨切割块12,其中光熔化金属粉末,从而形成限定股骨切割块12的金属结构。应当理解,可使用其它形式的增材制造技术诸如例如光学制造、光固化或树脂印刷来制造股骨切割块12。
基板20包括被构造成接合患者股骨16的远侧端部18(参见7图)的一对臂24、26。臂24、26彼此间隔开,使得在臂24、26的内边缘之间限定凹口28。凹口28被设定尺寸和形状成对应于患者股骨16的自然髁间凹口30,该自然髁间凹口30限定在患者股骨16的自然髁32、34之间(参见图7)。
臂24、26中的每一个具有接合自然髁32、34之一的骨接触表面或面向骨的表面36(如图2中所示)。在例示性实施方案中,每个面向骨的表面36包括多个负外形38,该多个负外形38被构造成接纳自然髁32、34的一部分。每个外形38具有独特的一组脊40和凹陷42,这一组脊40和凹陷42被成形用于接合自然股骨髁32、34的对应的独特的一组凹陷44和脊46(参见图7)。臂24、26中的每一个还包括与其对应的面向骨的表面36相反地定位的外表面48。在例示性实施方案中,每个外表面48是基本上平滑的。如本文所用,术语“基本上”应当理解为是指制造变化和其它设计标准所形成的正常公差。因此,“基本上平滑的表面”是在制造变化和其它设计标准所形成或允许的正常公差内平滑的表面。
基板20还包括被构造成接合患者股骨16的远侧端部18的朝近侧延伸的臂50。朝近侧延伸的臂50包括主干86和从主干86朝近侧延伸的凸缘88。主干86包括在一对边缘66、68之间具有第一宽度94的基部92。主干86朝近侧延伸并且变窄至所具有的宽度130小于宽度94的点78。从点78开始,主干86呈喇叭形向外张开至所具有的宽度134大于宽度130且小于宽度94的端部132。从点78至端部132,主干86朝外侧弯曲以模拟滑车沟166的弯曲。主干86是大体凹形的,使得点78在基部92和端部132前面延伸。主干86还包括凸形部分和凹形部分以接纳患者股骨16的对应的凹形部分和凸形部分。
朝近侧延伸的臂50的主干86包括面向骨的表面52(如图2所示),该面向骨的表面52包括被构造成接纳患者股骨16的一部分的多个负外形54。面向骨的表面52跨主干86从基部92延伸至端部94。主干86的外形54具有独特的一组脊56和凹陷58,这一组脊56和凹陷58被成形用于接合患者股骨16的对应的独特的一组凹陷60和脊62。朝近侧延伸的臂50还包括与面向骨的表面52相反地定位的外表面64。在例示性实施方案中,外表面64是基本上光滑的。
主干86被构造成随着患者股骨16的滑车沟166弯曲。如图7所示,滑车沟166在自然股骨髁32、34之间延伸并且终止于股骨16的前表面168,该前表面168起始于自然股骨髁32、34的端部。即,自然股骨髁32、34弯曲到前表面168中。滑车沟166也在自然股骨髁32、34之间朝外侧弯曲。主干86被构造成沿循滑车沟166的路径,使得凸缘88接合患者股骨16的前表面168。
凸缘88从主干86朝近侧延伸,并且包括从主干86朝内侧和朝外侧延伸的一对臂136。后边缘66、68沿主干86和凸缘88延伸。因此,边缘66、68中的每一个包括凸形部分和凹形部分以接纳患者股骨16的对应的凹形部分和凸形部分。边缘66、68围绕凸缘的臂136延伸并且在后尖端69处汇合,该后尖端69被设定尺寸和形状以定位在患者股骨16的前表面168上。凸缘88包括面向骨的表面96,该面向骨的表面96包括被构造成接纳患者股骨16的前表面168的一部分的多个负外形98。凸缘88的外形98具有独特的一组脊70和凹陷72,这一组脊70和凹陷72被成形用于接合患者股骨16的前表面168的对应的独特的一组凹陷74和脊76。基板20的负外形38、54、98允许将切割块12(以及因此工具导向主体)以独特的预先确定的位置和取向定位在患者股骨16上。
在例示性实施方案中,切割块12的基板20具有低剖面以减小切口的尺寸并减少定位切割块12所需的骨位移量。已经通过使臂24、26和朝近侧延伸的臂50的厚度最小化来针对块12定制低剖面。每个臂的外表面48和面向骨的表面36之间限定厚度82。为了使厚度82最小化,每个臂的外表面48凸形地弯曲以沿循面向骨的表面36的凹曲率。相似地,朝近侧延伸的臂50的外表面64和面向骨的表面52之间限定厚度84,并且臂50的外表面64被成形成沿循面向骨的表面52的几何形状以使厚度84最小化。
切割块12的外科工具导向主体22中的每一个附接到臂24、26的外表面48和朝近侧延伸的臂50的外表面64,并从这些表面向外延伸至与基板20间隔开的自由端90。在例示性实施方案中,导向主体22包括前导向主体100,该前导向主体100从臂24、26和朝近侧延伸的臂50的前端向前延伸至其自由端102。前导向主体100包括远侧凸缘104和从凸缘104朝近侧延伸的一对凸台106、108。
前导向主体100的远侧凸缘104包括限定在自由端102中的长形开口110和从开口110向内延伸的多个内壁112。如图3所示,内壁112延伸至限定在面向骨的表面52中的另一个开口114。开口114延伸穿过基板20的外形54,使得开口114由面向骨的表面52的边缘66、68限定,边缘66、68沿循与患者股骨16在那个区域中的形状相匹配的、弯曲的不规则路径。开口114与内壁112和长形开口110相配合以限定导向狭槽98,该导向狭槽98被设定尺寸和形状以将外科工具、诸如例如切割刀片导向成与患者的骨接合。如上所述,切割导向狭槽98被定位成导向患者股骨16的远侧端部18的定制的患者特定的切除。因为边缘66沿循患者股骨16的形状并且边缘66的后尖端延伸至患者的滑车沟中,所以切割导向狭槽98为紧靠被切除区域的切割刀片提供支撑。
如图1所示,凸台106、108中的每一个从远侧凸缘104的近侧表面116延伸至弯曲的近侧端部118。应当理解,在其它实施方案中,凸台106、108中的一者或两者可与远侧凸缘104间隔开,从而形成分离的导向主体。开口120邻近近侧端部118限定在凸台106、凸台108中的每一个的自由端102中。内壁122从开口120向内延伸。如图4所示,每个内壁122延伸至另一个开口124以限定延伸穿过切割块12的导向狭槽126。在例示性实施方案中,每个导向狭槽126是钻导向器和固定销导向孔,其被设定尺寸和形状以导向外科手术钻以将患者的骨准备好接纳固定销,以将块12联接到骨。
导向主体22包括一对后导向凸台140,这一对后导向凸台140分别附接到臂24、26的外表面48并且从外表面48朝远侧延伸。每个后导向凸台140包括导向狭槽142,该导向狭槽142被设定尺寸和形状以将外科手术钻和固定销导向成与患者的骨接合,以将块12联接到骨。每个导向凸台140包括柱144,该柱144从附接到臂24、26之一的外表面48的基部146延伸至与外表面48间隔开的自由端148。
开口154限定在每个凸台140的自由端148中。内壁178从开口154向内延伸至另一个开口158(如图2所示),该开口158限定在臂24、26之一的面向骨的表面36中。开口154、158和内壁178相配合以限定导向狭槽142。如上所述,每个导向狭槽142是钻导向器和固定销导向孔,其被设定尺寸和形状以导向外科手术钻孔或自钻孔固定销以将患者的骨准备好接纳固定销,以将块12联接到骨。
参见图5至图6,基板20包括被定位成与患者的自然滑车沟166的最深部分对齐的对齐狭槽200。远侧凸缘104具有平面远侧表面202和平面近侧表面204(在图4中示出)。对齐狭槽200的远侧端部210由内壁208限定,内壁208在远侧表面202中的开口206和长形开口110的内壁112中的开口之间延伸。对齐狭槽200的远侧端部212还由内壁230限定,内壁230在长形开口110的内壁122中的开口和近侧表面204中的开口212之间延伸。对齐狭槽200的远侧端部210横向于切割导向狭槽98延伸。
朝近侧延伸的臂50的主干86的面向骨的表面52形成主干86的后表面214,并且外表面64形成主干86的前表面216(在图1中示出)。对齐狭槽200的近侧端部220由内壁218限定,内壁218在后表面214中的开口222和前表面216中的开口224之间延伸。对齐狭槽200的近侧端部220横向于切割导向狭槽98延伸。在例示性实施方案中,对齐狭槽200的近侧端部220既向外侧又以凹形形状弯曲,以匹配主干86的外形和患者的自然滑车沟166的最深部分。对齐狭槽200的远侧端部210和近侧端部220从彼此延伸以形成横向于切割导向狭槽98的连续对齐狭槽200。
在外科手术之前,基于患者股骨16的扫描建立患者股骨16的三维模型。扫描可包括磁共振图像、计算机断层摄影图像、多个x射线图像等。切割块12被制造成包括匹配三维模型的正外形的负外形。另外,对齐狭槽200形成于切割块12中,以匹配患者自然滑车沟166的最深部分的位置。基于三维模型形成切割块12有利于确保切割块12在患者股骨16上的正确对齐。
现在参见图7,在使用期间,外科医生通过将视觉指示器250放置在患者自然滑车沟166的最深部分上来将患者股骨16准备好。在例示性实施方案中,视觉指示器250是绘制在患者自然滑车沟166的最深部分上的线条。然后,将切割块12定位在患者股骨16的远侧端部18上,使得独特的一组脊40和凹陷42接合自然髁32、34的对应的独特的一组凹陷44和脊46,并且独特的一组脊56和凹陷58接合患者股骨16的前侧面254的对应的独特的一组凹陷60和脊62。凸缘88的独特的一组脊70和凹陷72也被定位成接合患者股骨16的前表面168的对应的独特的一组凹陷74和脊76。
外科医生通过将视觉指示器250与对齐狭槽200对齐来验证切割块12在股骨16上的对齐。如图8所示,对齐狭槽200的近侧端部220与视觉指示器250沿患者股骨的前侧面254延伸的部分对齐。如图9所示,对齐狭槽200的远侧端部210与视觉指示器250沿患者股骨16的远侧端部18延伸并在自然髁32、34之间延伸的部分对齐。
然后,外科医生可将固定销定位在导向狭槽126和142中的每一个中,以将切割块12固定到患者股骨。然后,通过将外科锯片推进穿过导向狭槽98来对患者股骨16的远侧端部18执行远侧切除。在一些实施方案中,可在患者股骨16的远侧端部18的远侧切除之前移除插入穿过导向狭槽142的固定销,使得固定销不妨碍外科锯片。
虽然在附图和前述描述中已经详细地举例说明和描述了本公开,但此类举例说明和描述在特征上应被视为是例示性的而不是限制性的,应当理解,仅示出和描述了例示性的实施方案,并且本公开的实质内进行的所有改变和变型都应受到保护。
本文所述的装置和组件的各种特征使本公开具有多个优点。应当注意的是,本公开的装置和组件的可供选择的实施方案可不包括所述的所有特征,但仍然可受益于这些特征的至少某些优点。本领域的普通技术人员可易于设计出其特有的装置和组件的实施方式,该实施方式整合本发明的特征中的一种或多种,并且落在由权利要求限定的本公开的实质和范围内。
Claims (17)
1.一种整形外科器械,所述整形外科器械包括:
定制的患者专用外科器械,所述定制的患者专用外科器械包括:
主体;
切割导向狭槽,所述切割导向狭槽延伸穿过所述主体;
一对第一臂,所述一对第一臂从所述主体向后延伸,每个臂包括第一定制的患者专用负外形,所述第一定制的患者专用负外形被构造成接纳患者股骨髁之一的第一对应正外形的一部分;
第二臂,所述第二臂从所述主体朝近侧延伸,所述第二臂具有第二定制的患者专用负外形,所述第二定制的患者专用负外形被构造成接纳所述患者股骨的前表面的第二对应正外形的一部分;以及
对齐狭槽,所述对齐狭槽延伸穿过所述主体和所述朝近侧延伸的臂,并且当所述定制的患者专用外科器械定位在所述患者股骨上时被定位成与所述患者股骨的滑车沟的最深部分对齐。
2.根据权利要求1所述的整形外科器械,其中所述对齐狭槽横向于所述切割导向狭槽延伸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的整形外科器械,其中所述主体具有平面远侧表面和平面近侧表面,所述对齐狭槽包括延伸穿过所述远侧表面的开口和延伸穿过所述近侧表面的开口。
4.根据权利要求1所述的整形外科器械,其中所述第二臂包括从所述主体延伸的主干和附接到所述主干的近侧端部的凸缘,其中所述凸缘包括所述第二定制的患者专用负外形的一部分。
5.根据权利要求4所述的整形外科器械,其中所述主干包括前表面和后表面,其中所述对齐狭槽包括延伸穿过所述前表面的开口和延伸穿过所述后表面的开口。
6.根据权利要求5所述的整形外科器械,其中延伸穿过所述前表面的所述开口和延伸穿过所述后表面的所述开口是弯曲的。
7.根据权利要求1所述的整形外科器械,其中所述定制的患者专用外科器械包括凸台,所述凸台附接到所述主体并且从所述主体延伸到与所述主体间隔开的自由端,所述凸台包括限定在其自由端中的开口。
8.根据权利要求7所述的整形外科器械,所述整形外科器械包括导向孔,所述导向孔延伸穿过所述凸台。
9.一种整形外科器械,所述整形外科器械包括:
定制的患者专用外科器械,所述定制的患者专用外科器械包括:
主体;
切割导向狭槽,所述切割导向狭槽延伸穿过所述主体;
一对第一臂,所述一对第一臂从所述主体向后延伸,每个臂包括第一定制的患者专用负外形,所述第一定制的患者专用负外形被构造成接纳患者股骨髁之一的第一对应正外形的一部分;以及
对齐狭槽,所述对齐狭槽横向于所述切割导向狭槽延伸穿过所述主体,并且当所述定制的患者专用外科器械定位在所述患者股骨上时被定位成与所述患者股骨的滑车沟的最深部分对齐。
10.根据权利要求9所述的整形外科器械,其中所述主体具有平面远侧表面和平面近侧表面,所述对齐狭槽包括延伸穿过所述远侧表面的开口和延伸穿过所述近侧表面的开口。
11.根据权利要求9所述的整形外科器械,其中所述定制的患者专用外科器械包括凸台,所述凸台附接到所述主体并且从所述主体延伸到与所述主体间隔开的自由端,所述凸台包括限定在其自由端中的开口。
12.根据权利要求11所述的整形外科器械,所述整形外科器械包括导向孔,所述导向孔延伸穿过所述凸台。
13.根据权利要求9所述的整形外科器械,所述整形外科器械包括第二臂,所述第二臂从所述主体朝近侧延伸,所述第二臂包括从所述主体延伸的主干和附接到所述主干的近侧端部的凸缘。
14.根据权利要求13所述的整形外科器械,其中所述第二臂具有第二定制的患者专用负外形,所述第二定制的患者专用负外形被构造成接纳所述患者股骨的前表面的第二对应正外形的一部分。
15.根据权利要求14所述的整形外科器械,其中所述凸缘包括所述第二定制的患者专用负外形的一部分。
16.根据权利要求13所述的整形外科器械,其中所述主干包括前表面和后表面,其中所述对齐狭槽包括延伸穿过所述前表面的开口和延伸穿过所述后表面的开口。
17.根据权利要求16所述的整形外科器械,其中延伸穿过所述前表面的所述开口和延伸穿过所述后表面的所述开口是弯曲的。
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US11950786B2 (en) | 2024-04-09 |
US20210330336A1 (en) | 2021-10-28 |
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US11051829B2 (en) | 2021-07-06 |
US20190388240A1 (en) | 2019-12-26 |
EP3586775A1 (en) | 2020-01-01 |
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