CN110583141A - Potato seed floating seedling transplantation method - Google Patents

Potato seed floating seedling transplantation method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN110583141A
CN110583141A CN201910847705.XA CN201910847705A CN110583141A CN 110583141 A CN110583141 A CN 110583141A CN 201910847705 A CN201910847705 A CN 201910847705A CN 110583141 A CN110583141 A CN 110583141A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
seedling
floating
seeds
potato
raising
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201910847705.XA
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张艳军
胡选江
张钟
刘彦和
饶敏
杨绍聪
施立安
瞿观
张翠萍
李泉清
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yuxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Original Assignee
Yuxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yuxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences filed Critical Yuxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority to CN201910847705.XA priority Critical patent/CN110583141A/en
Publication of CN110583141A publication Critical patent/CN110583141A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/08—Immunising seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/14—Greenhouses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a potato seed seedling raising and transplanting technology, in particular to a floating seedling raising and transplanting method for potato seeds, which is used for producing seedling potatoes from the potato seeds. The potato seed floating seedling transplanting method comprises the following steps: A. soaking seeds of the potatoes for accelerating germination; B. building a seedling raising shed; C. raising seedlings of seeds; D. managing a floating pool; E. managing a seedling raising shed; F. hardening seedlings; G. standard seedling formation; H. and (5) transplanting. The method has the advantages of high seedling emergence rate of the potato seedling seeds, seed consumption saving, simple and quick seedling culture, high survival rate, healthy and strong seedling culture and reduction of the production cost of the potato seedling.

Description

Potato seed floating seedling transplantation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a potato seed seedling raising and transplanting technology, in particular to a floating seedling raising and transplanting method for potato seeds, which is used for producing seedling potatoes from the potato seeds.
Background
The method for producing the seedling potato by using the potato seedling seeds has the advantages of small seed consumption, convenient transportation and carrying, low cost, capability of eliminating various viruses from the seedling seeds, prevention of sexual degeneration and high yield of the seedling potato. At present, most of potato seedlings are produced by direct sowing of potato seeds and seedling bed and plug seedling transplanting modes in China. The direct sowing method comprises soaking seeds of potato, accelerating germination, sowing in soil and matrix in field or greenhouse, and performing field management with water, fertilizer, temperature, humidity, plant diseases and insect pests to produce potato; a method for transplanting the seedlings of potato includes such steps as immersing the seeds of potato in water, germinating, sowing in seedbed or tray, culturing seedlings at proper temp and humidity, transplanting when the seedlings grow to a certain height, intertilling, and management. The method for producing the potato seedlings has the problems of small seeds, weak germination, great difficulty in producing the potato seedlings by direct sowing, low emergence rate, difficulty in controlling the external environment of seedbeds and plug seedlings, poor emergence rate, irregular growth of seedlings, easiness in damaging roots during seedling taking and transplanting, low survival rate, long seedling revival period, complex and inconvenient operation procedures, high management labor and the like.
The potato seed floating seedling transplantation has the advantages of simple and rapid seedling culture, labor saving, production cost reduction, light pest and disease damage, high emergence rate, neat seedlings, high seedling rate, easy cultivation of healthy and strong seedlings and high survival rate of transplantation with a matrix during transplantation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a floating seedling transplanting method for potato seeds, which has the advantages of high emergence rate of potato seedling seeds, seed consumption saving, simple, convenient and quick seedling cultivation, high survival rate, healthy and strong seedling cultivation and reduction of the production cost of seedling potatoes.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the potato seed floating seedling transplanting method comprises the following steps:
A. soaking potato seeds for accelerating germination: placing potato seed seeds for producing the seed potatoes in a closely woven plastic small mesh bag, soaking the bag in water at the temperature of 23-25 ℃ for 20-24 hours, taking the bag out of the soaking water, washing the bag for 2-3 times by using water at the temperature of 23-25 ℃, placing the bag in an environment condition at the temperature of 20-23 ℃, keeping the seeds moist, and sowing the seeds when 10-15% of the seeds are exposed;
B. building a seedling raising shed: selecting a floating pond which is flat in terrain and good in ventilation condition, is far away from villages and solanaceae crop planting field blocks, building a semicircular arched shed with the inner side of 5.40-5.60m, the width of 1.35-1.37m and the height of 0.20m above the floating pond, and building a semicircular arched shed with the height of 0.92m above the floating pond, wherein a black film is adopted as a bottom film to ensure that the floating pond is watertight; 30 floating seedling plates can be placed in each pond; the arch center is covered with a plastic gauze insect-proof net, a plastic top film and a black sunshade net with 90% -95% of sunshade rate;
C. seed seedling culture:
a. sterilizing a seedling raising shed and a floating seedling raising plate: sterilizing a seedling raising shed and a floating seedling raising tray by adopting 30% of effective chlorine bleaching powder 200-fold liquid and 250-fold liquid or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800-fold liquid;
b. loading the substrate into a tray: the matrix comprises the following components in parts by volume: 40-42 parts of turf, 30-32 parts of humus soil, 18-20 parts of expanded perlite and 8-10 parts of vermiculite; the moisture content of the substrate is 55-60% when the disk is loaded; fully compacting the substrate after the substrate is placed in a seedling raising tray;
c. seeding, namely drilling a small hole with the depth of 0.3-0.5cm in a hole of a floating seedling raising tray filled with a matrix, seeding potato seeds into the hole, covering the potato seeds with the matrix for seeding, and slightly troweling the potato seeds which are not exposed, wherein each hole contains 1-2 seeds;
d. putting the sown floating seedling-raising trays into a floating pool filled with nutrient solution in advance, and putting the floating seedling-raising trays in two rows in order, wherein the floating seedling-raising trays can slightly float;
D. managing a floating pool: the depth of the pool liquid is 5.0-10.0 cm; when in sowing, adding 250-plus-300 g of special seedling-raising fertilizer into the water of the pool, adding 500g of special seedling-raising fertilizer into the pool liquid when the seedlings have 2-3 blades, and adding 900g of special seedling-raising fertilizer into the floating pool uniformly when the seedlings have 5-6 blades so as to ensure the nutrient requirements for the growth and development of the bud seedlings;
E. seedling cultivation greenhouse management: controlling the temperature of the surface of the floating seedling raising plate to be 13-20 ℃, and closing a greenhouse film for heat preservation when the temperature of the surface of the floating seedling raising plate in the greenhouse is lower than 13 ℃; when the temperature of the inner plate surface of the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃, opening the surrounding greenhouse film for ventilation and cooling, wherein the opening height is 15-20cm, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled below 28 ℃ so as to prevent seedling burning caused by overhigh temperature; the seeds begin to emerge after 4-5 days of sowing, the seeds are sown for 12-13 days, when the seedlings have 2-3 leaves, the seedlings are thinned and fixed, 1 healthy and strong seedling is reserved in each hole, meanwhile, the 1500-fold 2000-time liquid of 58 percent metalaxyl and manganese zinc wettable powder is sprayed once, the potato damping-off and epidemic diseases are prevented, and the black sunshade net is uncovered and the illumination intensity is increased 2-3 days after thinning and fixing;
F. hardening seedlings: 5-7 days before transplanting, uncovering a top film, cutting off water and fertilizer, hardening off seedlings, keeping the temperature and humidity inside and outside the shed consistent to meet the requirement of a field growth environment, spraying 1000-fold liquid of 58% metalaxyl-manganese-zinc wettable powder and 1500-fold liquid during seedling formation, and transplanting with medicines;
G. and (3) standard of seedling formation: sowing potato seeds for 40-43 days, wherein the seedling height is 13.0-15.0cm, the leaf number is 8.0-9.0, and the stem thickness is 2.50-3.00 mm;
H. transplanting: the seeds float to form seedlings, and the seedlings with roots are transplanted in the field with the substrate.
The contents of P and K in the special fertilizer for seedling culture are respectively P2O5And K2O meter, N, P2O5And K2The mass portion ratio of O is 18-20: 8-10: 18-25, N, P2O5And K2The total mass percentage of O is 44-55%.
The floating seedling raising plate is made of polyethylene foam plastic, is 162-hole or 200-hole, is 66.0cm long, 34.0cm wide and 5.2cm high, and has a hole volume of 25.4cm3Or 20.6cm3。
Advantageous effects
1. The method has the advantages of high emergence rate of potato seeds, seed consumption saving and production cost reduction.
2. The substrate is fully compacted after being filled into the seedling raising tray, so that the phenomenon of dry hole and seedling shortage after the substrate is put into a pond is prevented.
3. The invention has simple operation, is convenient for centralized management, and saves the seedling growing field and the labor for watering.
4. The seedling cultivated by the method has developed root system, the root system of the seedling is attached to the matrix, the root system and the matrix are easily separated from the wall of the seedling small hole during transplanting and pulling out the seedling without damaging the root system, the seedling matrix can provide moisture and nutrients for the seedling after transplanting, and the transplanting survival rate is high.
5. The invention has high seedling rate, fast seedling speed and short whole seedling time, and only needs 40 to 43 days.
6. The seedling growing production environment is artificially controlled and is not damaged by external diseases and insect pests, healthy and strong seedlings can be cultured, the seedlings grow neatly, the seedling rate is up to more than 92%, and the seedling rate of the seed bed or plug seedling under the same condition is much lower.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The method is implemented in a Yuxi city agricultural science institute base and a Jiajing plateau special modern agricultural scientific research experiment demonstration base from 27 th in 2017 and 27 th in 9 th to 5 th in 2018 and 11 th in 5 th in 11 th.
Example 1
The potato seed floating seedling transplanting method comprises the following steps:
A. soaking potato seeds for accelerating germination: placing potato S10-655 seedling seeds in a closely woven plastic small mesh bag, soaking for 24 hours in water at 25 ℃, taking out from the soaking water, washing for 3 times in water at 25 ℃, placing in a thermostat at 23 ℃ for accelerating germination, keeping the seeds moist, and sowing after 15% of the seeds are exposed to white;
B. building a seedling raising shed: selecting a base of Yuxi agricultural science and academy, which has flat terrain and favorable ventilation condition, is far away from villages and solanaceae crop planting fields, building a floating pool with the inner side of 5.60m in length, 1.37m in width and 0.20m in height, building a semicircular arched shed with the height of 0.92m above the floating pool, and ensuring that the floating pool is watertight due to the adoption of a black film as a basement membrane; 30 floating seedling plates can be placed in each pond; the arch center is covered with a plastic gauze insect-proof net, a plastic top film and a black sunshade net with 95 percent of sunshade rate;
C. seed seedling culture:
a. sterilizing a seedling raising shed and a floating seedling raising plate: disinfecting a seedling raising shed and a floating seedling raising tray by adopting 250 times of 30% available chlorine bleaching powder and 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder;
b. loading the substrate into a tray: the matrix comprises the following components in parts by volume: 42 parts of turf, 32 parts of humus soil, 18 parts of expanded perlite and 8 parts of vermiculite; the base moisture content is 60% when the tray is loaded; fully compacting the substrate after the substrate is placed in a seedling raising tray;
c. seeding, namely drilling a small hole with the depth of 0.5cm in a hole of a floating seedling raising disc filled with a matrix, seeding potato seeds into the holes, covering seeds with the matrix, and slightly troweling the potato seeds which are not exposed, wherein each hole contains 1-2 seeds;
d. putting the sown floating seedling-raising trays into a floating pool filled with nutrient solution in advance, and putting the floating seedling-raising trays in two rows in order, wherein the floating seedling-raising trays can slightly float;
D. managing a floating pool: the depth of the pool liquid is 5.0-10.0 cm; during sowing, 300g of special fertilizer for seedling cultivation is added into the water of the pool, 500g of special fertilizer for seedling cultivation is added into the pool liquid when 2-3 blades exist on the seedling, and 800g of special fertilizer for seedling cultivation is uniformly added into the floating pool when 5-6 blades exist on the seedling, so that the nutrient requirement for growth and development of the seedling is ensured;
E. seedling cultivation greenhouse management: controlling the temperature of the surface of the floating seedling raising plate to be 13-20 ℃, and closing a greenhouse film for heat preservation when the temperature of the surface of the floating seedling raising plate in the greenhouse is lower than 13 ℃; when the temperature of the inner plate surface of the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃, opening the surrounding greenhouse film for ventilation and cooling, wherein the opening height is 15-20cm, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled below 28 ℃ so as to prevent seedling burning caused by overhigh temperature; seeds begin to emerge in 2 days in 10 and 2017, 3 leaves are grown in the seedlings for thinning and final singling in 9 days in 10 and 2017, 1 healthy and strong seedling is reserved in each hole, meanwhile, the 58 percent metalaxyl and manganese zinc wettable powder 2000-fold liquid is sprayed once to prevent potato damping-off and epidemic diseases, and the black sunshade net is removed in 12 days in 10 and 2017 to increase the illumination intensity;
F. hardening seedlings: in 2017, 10 and 31 months, removing the top film, cutting off water and fertilizer, hardening off seedlings, keeping the temperature and humidity inside and outside the shed consistent to meet the requirement of a field growth environment, spraying 1500 times of 58% metalaxyl-manganese zinc wettable powder during seedling formation, and transplanting with medicines;
G. and (3) standard of seedling formation: sowing potato seeds for 43 days, wherein the height of the seedling is 15.0cm, the number of leaves is 9.0, and the stem diameter is 3.00 mm;
H. transplanting: the seeds float to form seedlings, and the seedlings with roots are transplanted in the field with the substrate.
The contents of P and K in the special fertilizer for seedling culture are respectively P2O5And K2O meter, N, P2O5And K2The mass portion ratio of O is 20: 10: 25, N, P2O5And K2The total mass percentage of O is 55 percent.
The floating seedling raising plate is made of polyethylene foam plastic, the floating seedling raising plate with 162 holes is 66.0cm long, 34.0cm wide and 5.2cm high, and the volume of each hole is 25.4cm3。
The seedling bed seedling transplanting method comprises the following steps: seedling is grown on a seedbed under the same condition, the periphery of the seedbed is fixed by hollow bricks, the thickness of the seedbed filled with a matrix is 25.0cm, the row spacing is 5.5cm multiplied by 3.0cm, a gauze insect-proof net, a plastic film and a sunshade net are sequentially covered from inside to outside after seeding, and the management is carried out according to a conventional management method.
The results of the investigation of emergence rate and seedling quality are as follows: the seeds in 11 and 7 months in 2017 are floated and cultured to reach the seedling stage, the seeds in 11 and 14 months in 2017 are cultured in a seedbed to reach the seedling stage, and the seedling emergence rate, the seedling rate, the transplanting survival rate, the plant height, the number of leaves, the stem thickness, the fresh weight and the dry weight of roots, stems and leaves are investigated and shown in table 1.
Example 2
The potato seed floating seedling transplanting method comprises the following steps:
A. soaking potato seeds for accelerating germination: placing potato S13-592 seedling seeds in a closely woven plastic small mesh bag, soaking for 20 hours in water at 23 ℃, taking out the seeds from the soaking water, washing for 2 times in water at 23 ℃, placing the seeds in a thermostat at 20 ℃ for accelerating germination, keeping the seeds moist, and sowing the seeds after 10% of the seeds are exposed to the white;
B. building a seedling raising shed: selecting a base of Yuxi agricultural science and academy, which has flat terrain and favorable ventilation condition, is far away from villages and solanaceae crop planting fields, building a floating pool with the inner side of 5.40m in length, 1.35m in width and 0.20m in height, building a semicircular arched shed with the height of 0.92m above the floating pool, and ensuring that the floating pool is watertight due to the adoption of a black film as a basement membrane; 30 floating seedling plates can be placed in each pond; the arch center is covered with a plastic gauze insect-proof net, a plastic top film and a black sunshade net with 90 percent of sunshade rate;
C. seed seedling culture:
a. sterilizing a seedling raising shed and a floating seedling raising plate: sterilizing a seedling raising shed and a floating seedling raising tray by adopting 200 times of 30% available chlorine bleaching powder and 800 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder;
b. loading the substrate into a tray: the matrix comprises the following components in parts by volume: 40 parts of turf, 30 parts of humus soil, 20 parts of expanded perlite and 10 parts of vermiculite; the moisture content of the substrate is 55% when the tray is loaded; fully compacting the substrate after the substrate is placed in a seedling raising tray;
c. seeding, namely drilling a small hole with the depth of 0.3cm in a hole of a floating seedling raising disc filled with a matrix, seeding potato seeds into the holes, covering seeds with the matrix for 1-2 seeds in each hole, and slightly troweling the potato seeds which are not exposed;
d. putting the sown floating seedling-raising trays into a floating pool filled with nutrient solution in advance, and putting the floating seedling-raising trays in two rows in order, wherein the floating seedling-raising trays can slightly float;
D. managing a floating pool: the depth of the pool liquid is 5.0-10.0 cm; 250g of special fertilizer for seedling cultivation is added into the water of the pool during sowing, 400g of special fertilizer for seedling cultivation is added into the pool liquid when 2-3 leaves exist in the seedling, and 900g of special fertilizer for seedling cultivation is uniformly added into the floating pool when 5-6 leaves exist in the seedling, so as to ensure the nutrient requirement for growth and development of the seedling;
E. seedling cultivation greenhouse management: controlling the temperature of the surface of the floating seedling raising plate to be 13-20 ℃, and closing a greenhouse film for heat preservation when the temperature of the surface of the floating seedling raising plate in the greenhouse is lower than 13 ℃; when the temperature of the inner plate surface of the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃, opening the surrounding greenhouse film for ventilation and cooling, wherein the opening height is 15-20cm, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled below 28 ℃ so as to prevent seedling burning caused by overhigh temperature; seeds begin to emerge in 6 and 1 days in 2018, seedlings have 3 leaves for thinning and final singling in 6 and 8 days in 2018, 1 healthy and strong seedling is reserved in each hole, meanwhile, 1500-time liquid of 58% metalaxyl and manganese-zinc wettable powder is sprayed once, potato damping-off and epidemic diseases are prevented, and a black sunshade net is uncovered in 6 and 10 days in 2018, so that the illumination intensity is increased;
F. hardening seedlings: 6, 6 and 30 days in 2018, removing the top film, cutting off water and fertilizer, hardening off seedlings, keeping the temperature and humidity inside and outside the shed consistent to meet the requirement of a field growth environment, spraying 1000 times of 58% metalaxyl-manganese zinc wettable powder during seedling formation, and transplanting with medicines;
G. and (3) standard of seedling formation: sowing potato seeds for 40 days, wherein the height of the seedling is 13.0cm, the number of leaves is 8.0, and the stem diameter is 2.50 mm;
H. transplanting: the seeds float to form seedlings, and the seedlings with roots are transplanted in the field with the substrate.
The contents of P and K in the special fertilizer for seedling culture are respectively P2O5And K2O meter, N, P2O5And K2The mass portion ratio of O is 18: 8: 18, N, P2O5And K2The total mass percentage of O is 44%.
The floating seedling raising plate is made of polyethylene foam plastic, the floating seedling raising plate with 162 holes is 66.0cm long, 34.0cm wide and 5.2cm high, and the volume of each hole is 25.4cm3。
The method for transplanting the seedlings by the seed plug seedling comprises the following steps: and (3) performing plug seedling under the same condition, selecting a 128-hole plug, cleaning, disinfecting, airing, filling a matrix, neatly placing on a seedling bed, arranging the plug seedling with the row spacing of 4.0cm multiplied by 4.0cm, sequentially covering a gauze insect-proof net, a plastic film and a sun-shading net from inside to outside after sowing, and managing according to a conventional management method.
The results of the investigation of emergence rate and seedling quality are as follows: the seeds in 7 and 6 days in 2018 reach the seedling stage by floating seedling, the seeds in 11 days in 7 and 7 months in 2018 reach the seedling stage by plug seedling, and the seedling emergence rate, the seedling rate, the transplanting survival rate, the plant height, the number of leaves, the stem thickness, the fresh weight and the dry weight of roots, stems and leaves are investigated and shown in table 2.
Example 3
The potato seed floating seedling transplanting method comprises the following steps:
A. soaking potato seeds for accelerating germination: placing potato S10-655 seedling seeds in a closely woven plastic small mesh bag, soaking for 24 hours in 24 ℃ water, taking out from the soaking water, washing for 3 times with 24 ℃ water, placing in a thermostat at 23 ℃ for accelerating germination, keeping the seeds moist, and sowing after 10% of the seeds are exposed to white;
B. building a seedling raising shed: selecting a base of Yuxi agricultural science and academy, which has flat terrain and favorable ventilation condition, is far away from villages and solanaceae crop planting fields, building a floating pool with the inner side of 5.60m in length, 1.37m in width and 0.20m in height, building a semicircular arched shed with the height of 0.92m above the floating pool, and ensuring that the floating pool is watertight due to the adoption of a black film as a basement membrane; 30 floating seedling plates can be placed in each pond; the arch center is covered with a plastic gauze insect-proof net, a plastic top film and a black sunshade net with 90 percent of sunshade rate;
C. seed seedling culture:
a. sterilizing a seedling raising shed and a floating seedling raising plate: disinfecting a seedling raising shed and a floating seedling raising tray by adopting 250 times of 30% available chlorine bleaching powder and 800 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder;
b. loading the substrate into a tray: the matrix comprises the following components in parts by volume: 40 parts of turf, 32 parts of humus soil, 20 parts of expanded perlite and 8 parts of vermiculite; the base moisture content is 58% when the tray is loaded; fully compacting the substrate after the substrate is placed in a seedling raising tray;
c. seeding, namely drilling a small hole with the depth of 0.4cm in a hole of a floating seedling raising disc filled with a matrix, seeding potato seeds into the holes, covering seeds with the matrix for 1-2 seeds in each hole, and slightly troweling the potato seeds which are not exposed;
d. putting the sown floating seedling-raising trays into a floating pool filled with nutrient solution in advance, and putting the floating seedling-raising trays in two rows in order, wherein the floating seedling-raising trays can slightly float;
D. managing a floating pool: the depth of the pool liquid is 5.0-10.0 cm; during sowing, 300g of special fertilizer for seedling cultivation is added into the water of the pool, 400g of special fertilizer for seedling cultivation is added into the pool liquid when 2-3 leaves exist in the seedling, and 900g of special fertilizer for seedling cultivation is uniformly added into the floating pool when 5-6 leaves exist in the seedling, so that the nutrient requirements for growth and development of the seedling bud can be met;
E. seedling cultivation greenhouse management: controlling the temperature of the surface of the floating seedling raising plate to be 13-20 ℃, and closing a greenhouse film for heat preservation when the temperature of the surface of the floating seedling raising plate in the greenhouse is lower than 13 ℃; when the temperature of the inner plate surface of the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃, opening the surrounding greenhouse film for ventilation and cooling, wherein the opening height is 15-20cm, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled below 28 ℃ so as to prevent seedling burning caused by overhigh temperature; seeds begin to emerge in 21 days in 9 and 9 months in 2018, seedlings have 3 leaves for thinning and final singling in 29 days in 9 and 29 months in 2018, 1 healthy and strong seedling is reserved in each hole, meanwhile, 1500-time liquid of 58 percent metalaxyl and manganese-zinc wettable powder is sprayed once to prevent potato damping-off and epidemic diseases, and black sunshade nets are removed in 2 days in 10 and 2018 to increase the illumination intensity;
F. hardening seedlings: in 2018, 10 and 20 days, removing a top film, cutting off water and fertilizer, hardening seedlings, keeping the temperature and humidity inside and outside the shed consistent to meet the requirement of a field growth environment, spraying 1000 times of 58% metalaxyl-manganese zinc wettable powder during seedling formation, and transplanting with medicines;
G. and (3) standard of seedling formation: sowing potato seeds for 41 days, wherein the height of the seedling is 14.5cm, the number of leaves is 8.7, and the stem diameter is 2.80 mm;
H. transplanting: the seeds float to form seedlings, and the seedlings with roots are transplanted in the field with the substrate.
The contents of P and K in the special fertilizer for seedling culture are respectively P2O5And K2O meter, N, P2O5And K2The mass portion ratio of O is 18: 9: 18, N, P2O5And K2The total mass percentage of O is 45 percent.
The floating seedling raising plate is made of polyethylene foam plastic, the floating seedling raising plate with 200 holes is 66.0cm long, 34.0cm wide and 5.2cm high, and the volume of each hole is 20.6cm3。
The seedling bed seedling transplanting method comprises the following steps: seedling is grown on a seedbed under the same condition, the periphery of the seedbed is fixed by hollow bricks, the thickness of the seedbed filled with a matrix is 25.0cm, the row spacing is 4.5cm multiplied by 4.0cm, a gauze insect-proof net, a plastic film and a sunshade net are sequentially covered from inside to outside after seeding, and the management is carried out according to a conventional management method.
The results of the investigation of emergence rate and seedling quality are as follows: the seeds in 2018, 10 and 27 days are float-cultured to reach the seedling stage, in 2018, 11 and 6 days, the seeds in the seedbed are cultured to reach the seedling stage, and the seedling emergence rate, the seedling rate, the transplanting survival rate, the plant height, the number of leaves, the stem thickness, the fresh weight and the dry weight of roots, stems and leaves are investigated and shown in table 3.

Claims (3)

1. The potato seed floating seedling transplanting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. soaking potato seeds for accelerating germination: placing potato seed seeds for producing the seed potatoes in a closely woven plastic small mesh bag, soaking the bag in water at the temperature of 23-25 ℃ for 20-24 hours, taking the bag out of the soaking water, washing the bag for 2-3 times by using water at the temperature of 23-25 ℃, placing the bag in an environment condition at the temperature of 20-23 ℃, keeping the seeds moist, and sowing the seeds when 10-15% of the seeds are exposed;
B. building a seedling raising shed: selecting a floating pond which is flat in terrain and good in ventilation condition, is far away from villages and solanaceae crop planting field blocks, building a semicircular arched shed with the inner side of 5.40-5.60m, the width of 1.35-1.37m and the height of 0.20m above the floating pond, and building a semicircular arched shed with the height of 0.92m above the floating pond, wherein a black film is adopted as a bottom film to ensure that the floating pond is watertight; 30 floating seedling plates can be placed in each pond; the arch center is covered with a plastic gauze insect-proof net, a plastic top film and a black sunshade net with 90% -95% of sunshade rate;
C. seed seedling culture:
a. sterilizing a seedling raising shed and a floating seedling raising plate: sterilizing a seedling raising shed and a floating seedling raising tray by adopting 30% of effective chlorine bleaching powder 200-fold liquid and 250-fold liquid or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800-fold liquid;
b. loading the substrate into a tray: the matrix comprises the following components in parts by volume: 40-42 parts of turf, 30-32 parts of humus soil, 18-20 parts of expanded perlite and 8-10 parts of vermiculite; the moisture content of the substrate is 55-60% when the disk is loaded; fully compacting the substrate after the substrate is placed in a seedling raising tray;
c. seeding, namely drilling a small hole with the depth of 0.3-0.5cm in a hole of a floating seedling raising tray filled with a matrix, seeding potato seeds into the hole, covering the potato seeds with the matrix for seeding, and slightly troweling the potato seeds which are not exposed, wherein each hole contains 1-2 seeds;
d. putting the sown floating seedling-raising trays into a floating pool filled with nutrient solution in advance, and putting the floating seedling-raising trays in two rows in order, wherein the floating seedling-raising trays can slightly float;
D. managing a floating pool: the depth of the pool liquid is 5.0-10.0 cm; when in sowing, adding 250-plus-300 g of special seedling-raising fertilizer into the water of the pool, adding 500g of special seedling-raising fertilizer into the pool liquid when the seedlings have 2-3 blades, and adding 900g of special seedling-raising fertilizer into the floating pool uniformly when the seedlings have 5-6 blades so as to ensure the nutrient requirements for the growth and development of the bud seedlings;
E. seedling cultivation greenhouse management: controlling the temperature of the surface of the floating seedling raising plate to be 13-20 ℃, and closing a greenhouse film for heat preservation when the temperature of the surface of the floating seedling raising plate in the greenhouse is lower than 13 ℃; when the temperature of the inner plate surface of the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃, opening the surrounding greenhouse film for ventilation and cooling, wherein the opening height is 15-20cm, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled below 28 ℃ so as to prevent seedling burning caused by overhigh temperature; the seeds begin to emerge after 4-5 days of sowing, the seeds are sown for 12-13 days, when the seedlings have 2-3 leaves, the seedlings are thinned and fixed, 1 healthy and strong seedling is reserved in each hole, meanwhile, the 1500-fold 2000-time liquid of 58 percent metalaxyl and manganese zinc wettable powder is sprayed once, the potato damping-off and epidemic diseases are prevented, and the black sunshade net is uncovered and the illumination intensity is increased 2-3 days after thinning and fixing;
F. hardening seedlings: 5-7 days before transplanting, uncovering a top film, cutting off water and fertilizer, hardening off seedlings, keeping the temperature and humidity inside and outside the shed consistent to meet the requirement of a field growth environment, spraying 1000-fold liquid of 58% metalaxyl-manganese-zinc wettable powder and 1500-fold liquid during seedling formation, and transplanting with medicines;
G. and (3) standard of seedling formation: sowing potato seeds for 40-43 days, wherein the seedling height is 13.0-15.0cm, the leaf number is 8.0-9.0, and the stem thickness is 2.50-3.00 mm;
H. transplanting: the seeds float to form seedlings, and the seedlings with roots are transplanted in the field with the substrate.
2. The floating seedling transplanting method for potato seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the contents of P and K in the special fertilizer for seedling cultivation are P2O5And K2O meter, N, P2O5And K2The mass portion ratio of O is 18-20: 8-10: 18-25, N, P2O5And K2The total mass percentage of O is 44-55%.
3. The potato seed floating seedling transplanting method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the floating seedling tray is made of polyethylene foam, the floating seedling tray has 162 holes or 200 holes, the length of the tray is 66.0cm, the width of the tray is 34.0cm, the height of the tray is 5.2cm, and the volume of the hole is 25.4cm3Or 20.6cm3。
CN201910847705.XA 2019-09-09 2019-09-09 Potato seed floating seedling transplantation method Pending CN110583141A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910847705.XA CN110583141A (en) 2019-09-09 2019-09-09 Potato seed floating seedling transplantation method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910847705.XA CN110583141A (en) 2019-09-09 2019-09-09 Potato seed floating seedling transplantation method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN110583141A true CN110583141A (en) 2019-12-20

Family

ID=68858133

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201910847705.XA Pending CN110583141A (en) 2019-09-09 2019-09-09 Potato seed floating seedling transplantation method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN110583141A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112616636A (en) * 2020-12-15 2021-04-09 凤庆县凤旗农业开发有限公司 Rapid floating seedling method for planting traditional Chinese medicine
CN112715341A (en) * 2020-12-18 2021-04-30 台州绿沃川自动化设备制造有限公司 Automatic and accurate planting method for vegetables
CN113197077A (en) * 2021-06-21 2021-08-03 云南农业大学 Floating hardening method for potato test-tube plantlets
CN114982610A (en) * 2022-04-21 2022-09-02 贵州天遂农业有限公司 Motherwort floating seedling method
CN116171845A (en) * 2023-02-17 2023-05-30 玉溪市农业科学院 Seed direct seeding two-stage seedling raising method for rabdosia rubescens

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2165686C2 (en) * 1998-10-02 2001-04-27 Мухаметов Мавзат Мирзиханович Combined unit for producing potato, flowers and vegetable crop seedlings, designed for mechanization of labor-consuming processes on small and protected plots
CN102144526A (en) * 2011-01-04 2011-08-10 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 Detoxified seedling stem matrix floating seedling culturing method for potato
CN202310796U (en) * 2011-11-30 2012-07-11 贵州省生物技术研究所 Seedling raising device for cultivation of potato seedling seeds
CN105724206A (en) * 2016-02-18 2016-07-06 玉溪市农业科学院 Potato-seed-bud floating seedling raising method
CN105794354A (en) * 2016-03-16 2016-07-27 云南农业大学 Floating seedling raising method for sweet potato true seeds

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2165686C2 (en) * 1998-10-02 2001-04-27 Мухаметов Мавзат Мирзиханович Combined unit for producing potato, flowers and vegetable crop seedlings, designed for mechanization of labor-consuming processes on small and protected plots
CN102144526A (en) * 2011-01-04 2011-08-10 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 Detoxified seedling stem matrix floating seedling culturing method for potato
CN202310796U (en) * 2011-11-30 2012-07-11 贵州省生物技术研究所 Seedling raising device for cultivation of potato seedling seeds
CN105724206A (en) * 2016-02-18 2016-07-06 玉溪市农业科学院 Potato-seed-bud floating seedling raising method
CN105794354A (en) * 2016-03-16 2016-07-27 云南农业大学 Floating seedling raising method for sweet potato true seeds

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112616636A (en) * 2020-12-15 2021-04-09 凤庆县凤旗农业开发有限公司 Rapid floating seedling method for planting traditional Chinese medicine
CN112715341A (en) * 2020-12-18 2021-04-30 台州绿沃川自动化设备制造有限公司 Automatic and accurate planting method for vegetables
CN112715341B (en) * 2020-12-18 2023-03-14 台州绿沃川自动化设备制造有限公司 Automatic and accurate planting method for vegetables
CN113197077A (en) * 2021-06-21 2021-08-03 云南农业大学 Floating hardening method for potato test-tube plantlets
CN114982610A (en) * 2022-04-21 2022-09-02 贵州天遂农业有限公司 Motherwort floating seedling method
CN116171845A (en) * 2023-02-17 2023-05-30 玉溪市农业科学院 Seed direct seeding two-stage seedling raising method for rabdosia rubescens

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN110583141A (en) Potato seed floating seedling transplantation method
CN102726217B (en) Container seedling raising method for camellia oleifera bud-stock grafting
CN103385106B (en) Water-land two-section type flue-cured tobacco strong seedling culturing technique
CN102301982B (en) Method for propagating Aphidius gifuensis by pea aphids
CN102511333B (en) Root-limiting direct-sowing tobacco seedling tray and root-limiting direct-sowing tobacco seedling raising method
CN105724206B (en) Potato seed bud float seedling method
CN103688742A (en) Floating seedling breeding method of erigeron breviscapus
CN104303788B (en) It is a kind of that cane seedlings is floating heels in method
CN104303937A (en) Cinnamomum bodinieri annual growth container seedling cultivation technology
CN105052709A (en) Method for realizing float raising of ornamental pepper seedlings
CN103535169A (en) Method for cultivating pigment marigolds in sand of high and cold region
CN101099430A (en) Cotton net bottom plastic container seedlings transplanting method
CN104770173B (en) High-efficiency seedling cultivation method for promoting premature tillering of sugarcane tissue cultured seedlings
CN105075600A (en) Method for planting red strawberries
CN102986431A (en) Method for cultivating watermelons in special shapes in pots in greenhouse without using soil
CN107455124A (en) A kind of cultural method of rhodiola
CN110810157A (en) Seedling raising method for industrial hemp
CN109526743B (en) Rapid propagation and fine variety breeding method for garlic callus
CN108040787A (en) A kind of Paris polyphylla implantation methods for shortening the budding cycle
CN111543282A (en) Special seedling raising nutrient soil for field guidance and method for guiding special seedling raising by using special seedling raising nutrient soil
CN107996325B (en) Method for preventing and controlling sorghum head smut by floating plate seedling culture
CN110214641A (en) A kind of implantation methods improving west safflower bulb quality
CN106489477B (en) A kind of Ecology Chinese podophyllum root method for culturing seedlings
CN106135135B (en) A method of expanding numerous aphidius gifuensis deadlock aphid using water spinach
CN104604514B (en) Chestnut seedling cup cultivation technology

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication

Application publication date: 20191220