RU2165686C2 - Combined unit for producing potato, flowers and vegetable crop seedlings, designed for mechanization of labor-consuming processes on small and protected plots - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: open horticulture. SUBSTANCE: combined unit has frame, electric engine, reducer, V-belt transmission system with pulleys, soil rippers, hiller, hanger system, piston-type sprayer, control levers, clutches, and vessels. Drive wheels of combined unit are adapted for planting potato by pressing seeds into mellow soil and are made in the form of cells defined by wires passed through openings of small disks, spikes and main perforated disk. Potato haulm is removed by haulm grinder having casing, floating fingers, shear disk, knife, captive nut, and auger. Potato is harvested by fork-shaped digger with drum-and-screw type soil separator hung under power mechanism on frame through hangers. Digger has outer and inner casings, roller device, and drum slitter with strips defining helical path and pulleys welded within drum. Vegetable and flower seeds are sown by means of disk-and-blade type sowing unit having seed separator, seed guide, flatter, multisectional vessel, and plates glued to blades. Vegetable seedlings are dug out by means of screen-type vibratory trough driven through bar mechanism. Combined unit of such construction is adapted for cultivation of crops on home's grounds, in greenhouses etc. EFFECT: reduced metal usage, increased efficiency and improved quality of agricultural product. 5 cl, 13 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to walk-behind tractors, and can be used on a personal plot, in hotbeds and in greenhouses.

 Known motoblocks operating from an internal combustion engine / cm. N.I. Zhivchikov. Small mechanization in personal plots. M .: Agropromizdat, 1986 /.

 The closest analogue to the proposed invention is an aggregate containing a frame, running wheels, engine, gearbox, transmission system with shafts, control levers, a suspension system and hinged working mechanisms in the form of soil cultivators, ridgers or toppers, diggers / cm. Means of small-scale mechanization in crop production and animal husbandry. Catalog, M., 1993, p. 48-50.

 A disadvantage of the known units is the complexity of their maintenance and the inability to use in the production of potatoes, flowers and seedlings of vegetable crops.

 The task of the claimed invention is to remedy these disadvantages.

 EFFECT: reduced metal consumption, increased productivity and quality of work.

 This is achieved by the fact that the unit containing the frame, running wheels, engine, gearbox, transmission system with shafts, control levers, a suspension system and suspended working mechanisms in the form of soil cultivators, ridgers or toppers, diggers, is equipped with a shaft for installing the metering devices on it and the running wheels are made with cells located along the rim, formed by wires passed through the holes of small disks and connected to the spokes of the main disk. At the same time, the chopper mounted on the unit is made in the form of a body with floating fingers, opposing disc, knife, union nut and screw, and the digger mounted on the unit is fork-shaped and has a drum-screw soil separator pivotally mounted on the frame under the power mechanism with a pulley and roller a device having internal and external clips. In addition, for sowing vegetable and flower crops, the unit is equipped with a sowing device made in the form of a disk blade seed separator installed in a multi-section vessel, and for digging seedlings of vegetable crops, the unit is equipped with a vibrating bucket with pendants for hanging it on the frame and with a rod device for connecting to the drive.

In FIG. 1 shows the unit, a top view;
in FIG. 2 shows a running wheel with a device for planting potatoes, side view;
in FIG. 3 is a section 1-1 of FIG. 2;
in FIG. 4 shows a diagram of an aggregate with a capacity for planting potatoes;
in FIG. 5 shows a top chopper;
in FIG. 6 shows a potato digger with a drum-screw soil separator, side view;
in FIG. 7 - the same, top view;
in FIG. 8 shows a metering apparatus, side view;
in FIG. 9 shows the placement of the ejaculation plate; side view;
in FIG. 10 shows a seed trap plate with a cell, top view;
in FIG. 11 shows a shaker, top view;
in FIG. 12 is the same, top view.

 The unit contains a frame 1 on which an electric motor 2 is mounted, a three-stage gearbox 3 with a gear ratio at the outputs 1: 9 and 1:18, a transmission system having a leading 4, intermediate 5, chassis 6, working 7 shafts, shaft 8 on which it is mounted sowing apparatus, running wheels 9, pin clutch 10 and control levers 11. The unit also has a suspension system and hinged working mechanisms in the form of soil cultivators, ridges (not shown) of the grain choppers 12; diggers 13. The running wheels 9 are made with cells located along the rim 14, formed by wires 16 passed through the holes of small disks and connected to the spokes 17 of the main disk 18. A frame 19 and trays 20 for feeding seed potatoes to the cells 15 are mounted on the frame 1. on the aggregate, the chopper 12 is made in the form of a housing 21 with floating fingers 22, a counter disk 23, a knife 24, a union nut 25 and a screw 26. The digger 13 mounted on the aggregate is forked and has a drum-screw soil separator 27. The digger 13 is pivotally mounted on the frame under the power mechanism with a pulley 28 and a roller device 29 having an inner 30 and an outer 31 cage. For sowing vegetable and flower crops, a sowing apparatus is mounted on the frame 1 of the unit, made in the form of a disk blade seed separator 33 installed in a multi-section vessel 32. The seed separator 33 is mounted on the shaft 8. The sowing device has a seed tube 34, a smoothing table 35, a seed collecting plate 36 with a cell 37, made according to the type and shape of flower seeds and vegetables. For digging seedlings of vegetable crops, the unit has a vibroweave 38 with pendants 39 for hanging it on the frame 1 and with a rod device for connecting to the drive from the gearbox shaft 3. Wheels 9 have wings 40 to keep the potato seeds from falling out. The set of interchangeable implements of the unit also includes a lightweight hiller, soil cultivator, scraper, roller, piston sprayer and a container for liquids, a potato digger (not shown in the drawings).

 The unit operates as follows.

 To prepare the soil on the working shaft 7 put on tillage cultivators (not shown), to which the transmission is from an electric motor 2 mounted with a gear 3 on the frame 1, from pulleys sitting on both ends of the drive shaft 4 of the gear 3, through a V-belt transmission on pulleys sitting on both ends of the working shaft 7.

 Transmission to the running shaft 6 comes from a pulley sitting on the driving 4 shaft, through a V-belt transmission to a pulley sitting on the intermediate 5 shaft and from a pulley sitting on the other end of the intermediate 5 shaft, again through a V-belt transmission, to the pin pulley 10 sitting pivotally on the 4-sided part of the running shaft 6, where the running wheels 9 are mounted.

 The unit is controlled by levers 11, and the levers 11 themselves are connected to the disks of the pin coupling 10, which drive the disks on the running wheels 9.

 Planting potatoes by the unit is as follows. Potato seeds from the container through the trays 20 enter the cells 15 formed by wires 1 with a diameter of 4 mm, passed through holes in the disks sitting at the ends of the spokes 17, and rims 14, and the spokes 17 are welded to the main disk 18 of the running wheels 9. Seeds potatoes trapped in the cell 15, the running wheels 9, are pressed into the loose soil. A wing 40 mounted on wheels 9 keeps them from premature fallout of potato seeds from the cells 15. The final seeding of potato seeds into the soil is performed by a scraper device (not shown in the drawing), aggregated after the running wheels 9. After the potatoes are planted on the running wheels 9, they put on safety link chains (not shown in the drawing).

 With the emergence of weeds on potato plantings, they are destroyed by cultivators by assembling a nail rake formed by driving nails into boards (not shown).

 Hilling of potatoes is carried out by a lightweight hiller, working after the cultivators. The cultivators themselves are put on the working shaft 7. If necessary, the application of mineral fertilizers, this operation is combined with hilling.

 Before harvesting potatoes, the top is removed by the top chopper 12, put on, on the working shaft 7 and working on the principle of harvesting dead plants and a conventional meat grinder.

 Potatoes are harvested by a potato digger, a rotating drum screw screw separator 27 of the soil mounted pivotally on the frame 1 under the power mechanism, to which the transmission to the pulley 28 of the drum comes from a pulley sitting on the shaft of the gearbox 3, with a gear ratio of 1:18 through a V-belt drive. In the direction of movement of the unit, using a fork-shaped digger 13, the tubers with soil enter the rotating drum onto a screw separator 27, the screw of which is made of strip steel. The drum of the separator 27 is suspended on the frame 1 by pendants from the outer cage 31, and the inner cage 30 of the roller device 29 is welded to the drum having a slot design. For 1.5 turns of the drum separator 27, the potato tubers are completely separated from the soil and, reaching the other end, fall onto the rolled soil surface using a roller (not shown in the drawing) installed at the outlet under the drum of the separator 27 for ventilation.

 Soil preparation in the production of seedlings of vegetable crops and flowers in protected areas is carried out with cultivators with a working width of 700 mm to an agrotechnical depth, and the lumps are destroyed by scraper tools (not shown in the drawing), aggregated after cultivators (not shown in the drawing).

 Sowing the seeds of vegetable and flower crops is carried out by a disk-blade sowing device, worn on the shaft 8, at the rate of such a density that subsequently avoid manual picking. The drive to the shaft 8 comes from a pulley sitting on the free end of the leading 4 points. The seeds are poured into a multi-sectional vessel 33, where a disk-lobed seed separator 33 with seed-collecting plates 36 with cells 37 is installed in each section. At the moment of rotation of the shaft 8 of the apparatus, the disk-blade seed separator 33 pushes seeds from the vessel 32 into the seed tube 34, which has a lower end, taking into account the depth of embedment, attached to the ironer 35.

 Watering, pollination and fertilizing are carried out from a tank (not shown in the drawing) installed above the power mechanism with a piston sprayer (not shown in the drawing) with a drive from the gearbox shaft 3 from the gear ratio side 1:18 through a finger screwed onto the pulley, and finger on frame 1.

 Digging up seedlings is carried out using a vibrating bucket 38 mounted by suspensions 39 on the frame 1. The drive is taken from the side of the gearbox shaft 3 with a gear ratio of 1:18 through the rod device.

 The unit provides all types of agricultural work for cultivating the soil, sowing, processing crops, harvesting and growing seedlings.

Claims (5)

 1. A unit for the production of potatoes, flowers and seedlings of vegetable crops, designed to mechanize labor-intensive processes in small and protected areas, containing a frame, running wheels, engine, gearbox, transmission system with shafts, control levers, suspension system and hinged working mechanisms in the form soil cultivators, okuchnik or topper choppers, diggers, characterized in that the unit is equipped with a shaft for installing the metering device, and the running wheels are made with cells located along the rim formed rovolokami, passed through the small hole disc and connected with the main drive spokes.  2. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the topper chopper mounted on the unit is made in the form of a body with floating fingers, an opposing disc, a knife, a union nut and a screw.  3. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the digger mounted on the unit is fork-shaped and has a drum-screw soil separator pivotally mounted on the frame under the power mechanism with a pulley and a roller device having internal and external clips.  4. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that for sowing vegetable and flower crops, it is equipped with a sowing device made in the form of a disk-blade seed separator installed in a multi-section vessel.  5. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that for digging seedlings of vegetable crops, it is equipped with a vibrating bucket with pendants for hanging it on the frame with a rod device for connecting to the drive.

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