CN103535169A - Method for cultivating pigment marigolds in sand of high and cold region - Google Patents
Method for cultivating pigment marigolds in sand of high and cold region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Disclosed is a method for cultivating pigment marigolds in the sand of a high and cold region. The method includes the steps that ground temperature rises and watering is sufficient 10 days before sowing; sowing is carried out on a fine day without wind, well-prepared soil is sieved by a sieve to cover a seedbed, a disinfectant is sprayed, a pesticide-clay mixture is scattered, and the seedbed is covered by straw; foliage top-dressing is conducted through DAP adding with water in the seedling stage, ventilation is achieved in a seedling growing greenhouse, films are uncovered, seedling exercising is conduced, seedling bacteria are sprayed so that damping-off can be prevented, soil insects can be trapped and killed by the way that phoxim is stirred and mixed with fried bran, and 200ppm of chlormequat chloride is sprayed for treating moderate seedling growth; compound fertilizer water is watered for facilitating growth, and the seedling age is 45-50 days for transplanting; field planting is carried out, the greenhouse is well built, soil preparation is completed, base fertilizer is fully applied, standard moisture in the soil is arranged according to the soil moisture width of 90cm, ponds are built on the water moisture surface in a twin-row mode according to the row spacing being 70cm and the line spacing being 60cm, film uncovering and seedling exercising are conducted 7 days before transplanting, and powder mancozeb is sprayed for disease prevention; field management is conducted, film rupturing and ridging are carried out, watering is achieved according to the dry and wet condition, diseased or infected plants are burned and buried, timber pile wires are pulled, the plants are fixed, and monopotassium phosphate is sprayed after defloration so that diseases can be prevented from endangering the plants. The method provides a mature technology for planting the marigolds in the sand of the high and cold region like Inner Mongolia.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of marigold with pigment high and cold area sandy cultivation method.
Background technology
At home, the plantation of the good Aztec marigold of quality is mostly abundant at southern rainfall, 15-30 ℃ of temperature, the Yunnan plantation that more than 1600 meter of height above sea level is above, but because land area is limited, with grain, flue-cured tobacco and ginger in region, the farm-forestry crops such as fruit are striven ground, are just subject to the restriction of comprehensive development.And in Naiman Banner region, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, height above sea level is that 350-450 meters of sand ground regions have comparatively loose land resources, can plant marigold with pigment, because this region belongs to high and cold area weather, rainfall is relatively few, and soil temperature and humidity are all on the low side; Also there is no at present more ripe planting technology, in order to make full use of this area weather conditions in the limited 4-October that is suitable for Aztec marigold growth requirement, plantation Aztec marigold, plant husbandry increase new varieties for this area peasant, income developing new channel, explore Aztec marigold in the low height above sea level high and cold area especially planting technology of sand ground, it is necessary increasing the industrial resource provision ability of xanthophyll.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of marigold with pigment high and cold area sandy cultivation method, to solve, on the sand ground of low height above sea level high and cold area, plant the technical problem of marigold with pigment at present, for the more wide resource provision market of marigold with pigment deep processing enterprise developing creates conditions.
The technical scheme of taking: a kind of marigold with pigment high and cold area sandy cultivation method, comprises consolidation, sowing, seedling management, field planting, transplanting, field management and fresh flower harvesting link; Specific as follows:
(1) consolidation: 10d left and right before sowing, booth is all sealed to lifting ground temperature, nocturnal temperature also must be higher than 12 ℃; Sow previous week by the fine earth of seedbed cladding thickness 8～10mm, described fine earth adds with the humus soil 50% sieving the pig/cow dung 30% of becoming thoroughly decomposed and adds river sand 20%, or humus soil 50% adds garden loam 25% and adds river sand 25% and be mixed with.
(2) sowing: a, first sufficient water is watered in the seedbed of putting in order and makes top layer, soil be no less than the soil that 10cm is thick to irrigate; B, select sunny, calm weather conditions, the seed of handling well is mixed to the dry fine sand soil that diameter is less than 3mm, by seed spacing, 4-5cm broadcasts sowing on seedbed; C, the soil of getting ready by the even screen cover of sieve on seedbed, thickness of earth covering 8～10mm; D, spray disinfectant: with every m
250% carbendazim 4g or mancozeb 4g for seedbed, be watered 100 times, is evenly sprayed on bed surface; E, by the Furadan of pulvis or granule, phoxim, or the ratio that provides in agricultural chemicals operation instruction of spray insecticide and thin sand and soil mixes and makes pesticide-clay mixture, spreads fertilizer over the fields afterwards on seedbed; F, immediately on seedbed, cover 1 layer of straw afterwards, be covered to just cannot see seedbed soil only.
(3) seedling management: a, after planting 6～7d seedling all sprouts, and chrysanthemum seedling grows to 3cm left and right, in time straw is removed; After first pair of true leaf launches, by 10 ㎡ seedbed diammonium phosphate 30-50g, be watered 10kg pouring and carry out in time top dressing, by proper amount of clear water, rinse an anti-burning seedling of seedling leaves afterwards; After b, the first pair of true leaf launch, in the morning, between 8:00～9:00, allow in seedling growth greenhouse and ventilate; C, when being stabilized in while being not less than 15 ℃, outside air temperature should take off film hardening.
(4) seedling stage diseases and pests control: after a, seedling all sprout, concentration is less than operation instruction ormal weight preparating liquid, sprays seedling bacterium enemy and other bactericide in case young plant infects damping off; There is the harm of the soil insect such as mole cricket in b, seedling stage, will " phoxim stirs ripe wheat bran and is spread on seedbed, or with beta-cypermethrin, mixes poison grain and be sprinkling upon the trapping of surface, seedbed, while occurring that liriomyza bryoniae is caused harm, sprays cyromazine and prevents and treats; When c, temperature reach 30 ℃, to slowly leak informaton, note insulation night, if this period is very not arid, just not water, prevent that high temperature from burning seedling and rotten; D, excessive growth seedling should spray the chlormequat of 200ppm, make leaf look turn green, and stem is sturdy, internode shortens; When e, chrysanthemum seedling poor growth, within every 5～7 days, can water 0.5% compound rich water one time, after pouring, by proper amount of clear water, rinse a seedling leaves, in order to avoid " burning seedling ", or spray appropriate growth hormone and carry seedling, as the growth regulator containing " heteroauxin ", to promote growth; F, seedling age are controlled at 45～50 days, when seedling grows to 15～20cm, during the thick 3～4mm of stem, just can transplant; The usage of described agricultural chemicals and consumption are all done by agricultural chemicals operation instruction.
(5) field planting: a, booth are built up rear whole ground, execute high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure 2000～2500kg for every mu, diammonium phosphate 30-40kg, and potash fertilizer 6Kg, accomplishes once to use sufficient base fertilizer, to guarantee the nutrition supply of breeding time, fertilizer will impose on furrow face uniformly; B, fertilizer turn over to soil, press high ridge soil moisture: the high 8-10cm in the ridge, and the ridge is wide is 40cm, moisture in the soil is wide is the standard reason moisture in the soil of 90cm; After c, resonable moisture in the soil, moisture in the soil face is carried out to epiphragma processing, better insulation preserves soil moisture and prevents weed growth; After d, epiphragma, by spacing in the rows 70cm, the standard of line-spacing 60cm is beaten the pool at moisture in the soil face duplicate rows; Before e, transplanting, seedbed, 7d left and right is controlled and is watered, and takes off film hardening, in order to transplanting; F, the front 1～2d of transplanting spray 500 times of liquid of 70% mancozeb wettable powder in seedbed, or quicklime: the bordeaux mixture of blue vitriol: water=1:1:200, spray medicine, the object that concentrate control to reach, reduces cause of disease.
Before transplanting, to seedbed, water in advance permeable, at 08:00-10:30 in the morning, or afternoon 16:30-18:30 lifting; By spacing in the rows 70cm, line-spacing 60cm, the 70cm that picks flowers, the pool one strain is transplanted, afterwards immediately to the broad irrigation of monoblock land for growing field crops.Allow the soil saturated with water in monoblock land for growing field crops.
(6) there is a small amount of branch in field management: a, the about 40cm of plant height left and right, before young plant envelope ridge, now carries out rupture of membranes ridging; B, after transplanting, in 7～20 days, be not that undue arid does not just need to pour water, water to see wet see dry; C, spray some phosphorus potash fertilizer to improve the resistance against diseases of plant, once find diseased plant, should pull out in time, away from air port under production field, burn or bury; D, a fixed stake wiring: when plant grows to 40cm left and right, use iron wire, cord, bamboo pole or timber etc. fixing, and along with the growing way of seedling by the rope of fixing use up movement with lodging-prevention.
(7) fresh flower is plucked and final-period management: mid or late July, treat that marigold petal reaches more than 85%, and when bright-colored, start to pluck, every 5-7 days, pluck once; After each harvesting, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate one time, spray bordeaux mixture simultaneously one time, prevent that disease from immersing harm plant.
According to the method described above can be the high and cold area in China Inner Mongol sand ground plantation Aztec marigold, per mu yield reaches 2-2.5 ton.
Embodiment
Below embodiments of the invention:
One, wholely
1, in choice set in flakes, smooth, fertile, the irrigation and drainage of physical features easily without damage by disease and insect and last year without the soil of using long weed killer herbicide of the longevity of residure, 2, seedling growth greenhouse is built into north-south; 3, in annual solar calendar 15-4 in the April month 20, carry out sowing time; 4,10d left and right before sowing, all seals lifting ground temperature by booth, and nocturnal temperature also must be higher than 12 ℃; 5, sow previous week by the fine earth of seedbed cladding thickness 8～10mm, described fine earth adds with the humus soil 50% sieving the pig/cow dung 30% of becoming thoroughly decomposed and adds river sand 20%, or humus soil 50% adds garden loam 25% and adds river sand 25% and be mixed with; 6, sowing is first 2～3 days, in the ratio of seedbed and production field area 1:30, seedbed is smooth good, standby.
Two, sowing
1, before sowing, first sufficient water being watered in the seedbed of putting in order is that soil topsoil irrigates, and irrigating the degree of depth, to be no less than 10cm thick; 2, select sunny, calm weather conditions, the seed of handling well is mixed evenly in diameter is less than the dry fine sand soil of 3mm, by seed spacing, 4-5cm broadcasts sowing on seedbed; 3, the soil of getting ready by the even screen cover of sieve on seedbed, thickness of earth covering 8～10mm; 4, spray disinfectant: with every m
250% carbendazim 4g or mancozeb 4g for seedbed, be watered 100 times, is evenly sprayed on bed surface; 5, pesticide-clay mixture preparation: spread fertilizer over the fields after the ratio that pulvis or granular agricultural chemical and thin sand and soil are provided in agricultural chemicals operation instruction mixes, dense medicine is Furadan, phoxim, or spray insecticide; 6, after sowing earthing, at once on seedbed, cover 1 layer of straw, be covered to just cannot see seedbed soil only.
Three, seedling management
1, after planting 6～7d seedling all sprouts, and chrysanthemum seedling grows to 3cm left and right, in time straw is removed.While getting straw, dynamics is wanted evenly, and movement range is as far as possible little, to avoid damaging seedling; 2,
liquid manure and weeds managementafter first pair of true leaf launches, carry out top dressing, 10 ㎡ seedbed diammonium phosphate 30-50g, be watered 10kg pouring, by proper amount of clear water, rinse a seedling leaves afterwards, in order to avoid " burning seedling ", also available 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, plant growth regulator, as Hui Manfeng, Fu Er 655, strong many receipts, root-inducing powder, carry out foliage-spray, usage and consumption are pressed agricultural chemicals explanation and are used; 3,
ventilating management and temperature are controlledafter the first pair of true leaf launches, should note ventilating, ventilation time should be at 8:00～9:00 in the morning, ventilates during high temperature at noon, in order to avoid cause sudden strain of a muscle seedling; After coming up, temperature is adjusted into 18～20 ℃ for optimum temperature; 4, when being stabilized in while being not less than 15 ℃, outside air temperature should take off film hardening.
Four, seedling stage diseases and pests control
1,, after seedling all sprouts, by the requirement of agricultural chemicals specification, concentration is less than explanation ormal weight preparating liquid, sprays seedling bacterium enemy and other bactericide in case young plant infects damping off, in order to avoid hinder seedling; 2, there are the soil insect harm such as mole cricket seedling stage, by " phoxim stirs ripe wheat bran and is spread on seedbed, or with beta-cypermethrin, mixes poison grain and be sprinkling upon seedbed surface trapping, while occurring that liriomyza bryoniae is caused harm; spray cyromazine control, usage and consumption are all by agricultural chemicals operation instruction amount; When 3, temperature reaches 30 ℃, to slowly leak informaton, prevent that high temperature from burning seedling and rotten, note insulation night, if this period is very not arid, just not water; 4, excessive growth seedling should spray the chlormequat of 200ppm, and usage and consumption are pressed agricultural chemicals operation instruction, makes leaf look turn green, and stem is sturdy, internode shortens; 5, during chrysanthemum seedling poor growth, every 5～7 can water 0.5% compound rich water one time, after pouring, by proper amount of clear water, rinse a seedling leaves, in order to avoid " burning seedling ", or spray appropriate growth hormone and carry seedling, as the growth regulator containing " heteroauxin ", usage and consumption are pressed agricultural chemicals operation instruction, to promote growth, must guard against N such as imposing urea, ammonium nitrate fertile; 6, seedling age is controlled at 45～50 days, when seedling grows to 15～20cm, during the thick 3～4mm of stem, just can transplant.
Five, field planting
1, booth is built up rear whole ground, executes high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure 2000～2500kg, diammonium phosphate 30-40kg for every mu, the fertile 6Kg of K, accomplishes once to use sufficient base fertilizer, because Aztec marigold production of hybrid seeds plantation density is larger, to guarantee the nutrition supply of breeding time, fertilizer will impose on furrow face uniformly; 2, fertilizer turns over to soil, presses high ridge soil moisture: the high 8-10cm in the ridge, and the ridge is wide is 40cm left and right, moisture in the soil is wide is the standard reason moisture in the soil of 90cm left and right; 3, after resonable moisture in the soil, moisture in the soil face is carried out to epiphragma processing, better insulation preserves soil moisture and prevents that weeds are too fast, too much growth; 4, after epiphragma, press spacing in the rows 70cm, the standard of line-spacing 60cm is beaten the pool at moisture in the soil face duplicate rows; 5, transplant the control of seedbed, front 7d left and right and water, take off film hardening, in order to transplanting; 6, transplant front 1～2d, in seedbed, spray 500 times of liquid of 70% mancozeb wettable powder, or 1:1:200 (quicklime: blue vitriol: bordeaux mixture water), spray medicine must be carefully, thoroughly, thoroughly, the object that concentrate control to reach, reduces cause of disease;
Six, transplant
The morning on the same day of 1, transplanting by seedbed water permeable, be convenient to lifting; 2, the lifting time: the morning 08:00-10:30, afternoon 16:30-18:30, cloudy calm weather can whole day play transplantation of seedlings; 3, follow after first seedlings the transplantation of seedlings of having classified of the principle of seedling; 4, spacing in the rows 70cm, line-spacing 60cm, 70cm picks flowers; 5, in the standard of the Nei Anmei pool, the pool one strain of accomplishing fluently, transplant broad irrigation immediately after transplanting; 6, transplant after slow seedling about 5 days, land for growing field crops is checked line by line, find dead seedling, be short of seedling and fill the gaps with seedlings in time.
Seven, field management
1, there is a small amount of branch in the about 40cm of plant height left and right, before young plant envelope ridge, now carries out rupture of membranes ridging, promotes deeply to take root, and strengthens drought resisting lodging tolerance, and ridging height is advisable not bury first pair of branch top heart; 2, after transplanting in 7～20 days, not that undue arid does not just need to pour water, water to see wet see dryly (see the dry wet Essential Terms while being flower planting of seeing, while meaning to water, once irrigate, then wait until when soil parches soon and water water for the second time again, its effect is to prevent from watering dilutional hyponatremia to cause rotten and moisture-induced damage by disease and insect.Take pot flowers as example, and so-called " seeing dry ", after referring to and watering a water, waits until that native face turns white, and topsoil has been done, and will water water for the second time again, must not wait basin soil all to do just and watered.So-called " seeing wet ", refers to while watering at every turn and all will irrigate, and waters till basin bottom outlet hole has water to ooze out, but can not water " partly intercepting water " (upper wet lower dry), because the eugonic flowers of a basin, at the bottom of its root system concentrates on basin mostly, water that " partly intercepting water " is as many as does not water.Adopt " see dry see wet " method to water, both met these class flowers and given birth to needed moisture, guarantee again the needed oxygen of root respiration, the healthy and strong growth of favourable flowers.) be advisable, topdress and take Shaoshi duty and execute as principle.Cultivation and banking, is conducive to the ventilation between seedling, in conjunction with every mu of cultivation and banking, imposes diammonium phosphate 15Kg, urea 3Kg.3, prune, pinch off young shoots when major branch is buddingged, bud is cut and made its branch spend number to improve individual plant.When plant grows to 40cm, can suitably beat the Lao Ye of plant bottom.4,
the extermination of disease and insect pestin agricultural production, damage by disease and insect will reduce in line with the principle of " putting prevention first, integrated control " generation of damage by disease and insect.Aztec marigold is often because of early stage liriomyza bryoniae, chafer, damping off, early blight, and the cabbage caterpillar of middle and later periods, trialeurodes vaporariorum, thrips, two spotted spider mite, late blight, fungal leaf spot, gray mold etc. affect output and the quality of fresh flower.The methods of suiting measures to local conditions for the different damage by disease and insect of different regions are prevented and treated, and can spray some phosphorus potash fertilizer simultaneously to improve the resistance against diseases of plant, once find diseased plant, should pull out in time, away from air port under production field, burn or bury.5, a fixed stake bracing wire: when plant grows to 40cm left and right, use fixedly plant of iron wire, cord, bamboo pole or timber bracing wire, and along with the growing way of seedling by the rope of fixing use up movement with lodging-prevention; 6, pinch: in time pinch poppyhead to promote the generation of branch, increase more side shoot flower, thereby increase individual plant flower number and improve flower production.
Eight, fresh flower is plucked and final-period management
Aztec marigold treats that petal reaches more than 85%, when bright-colored, start to pluck, gather generally since the middle ten days and the last ten days in July, every 5-7 days, pluck once, during harvesting, note accomplishing " five do not adopt " (rainy day do not adopt, have dew not adopt, immaturely do not adopt, rot to have that pathology is not adopted, color-changing flower do not adopt).If plucked, not only can cause plant large area fungal infection disease to cause low yield, but also can affect the fresh flower quality of harvesting.
1, will pluck in time, with petal, launch completely, pistil is completely open, it is orange-yellow to become, reach eight or nine minutes plucks and is advisable when ripe, and at this moment output is the highest, plucks in time flower in early stage, and being conducive to later stage flower has enough nutrient absorption, improves output.2, the attention rainy day can not pluck, because Tagetes erecta belongs to unlimited root system, the rainy day plucks and easily causes plant damage, and germ is easily immersed plant from root system and picking mouth, cause death, low yield, after harvesting, send in time purchase spot to sell, the harvesting florescence has two and half months, in case of arid should be watered in time, if any fertilizer deficiency phenomenon, should topdress in time with the rainy day in conjunction with watering, in case plant early ageing affects output.3, in whole vegetative period, all can carry out foliage spray; particularly after each harvesting is spent; spray one time potassium dihydrogen phosphate; because Tagetes erecta enters picking period root portion, enter lignification, to soil, provide nutrient incomplete absorption, need supplement from blade face enough nutrients; guarantee that the florescence normally absorbs; spray bordeaux mixture simultaneously one time, prevent that disease from immersing harm plant, guarantees high yield.
Below certain operations method is further illustrated:
1, the selection in plantation land for growing field crops
soil condition:in flakes, irrigation and drainage are convenient, avoid the plot of playing long weed killer herbicide of the longevity of residure last year in the concentration of landholdings.
water condition:near plot, there is stable, sufficient water source.
damage by disease and insect situationvarious crop disease and insects are light, can not be at damage by disease and insect Chang Faqu.
transportation condition: have a good transport service, be convenient to the transportation of goods and materials (agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, seed, fresh flower etc.).Build seedling growth greenhouse: canopy is to take north-south as good, and booth specification decides according to physical features.
2, sowing time: sowing time is generally in annual new calendar 15-4 in the April month 20.
seedbed blinding is prepared: sow about previous week, will sow needed seedbed blinding, with each pouch seed, approximately need to prepare 0.3 cubic metre of blinding and consider standby soil, thickness of earth covering 8～10mm.Seedbed blinding requires to contain abundant organic matter, take the good sandy loam of air capacity of soils, peat soil as good, must guard against in the plot of using the long weed killer herbicides of the longevity of residure such as clomazone, beans sulphur are grand, Pu Shite, atrazine and fetches earth, and humus soil will sieve with pig/cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
smooth seedbed: sow first 2～3 days, in the ratio of seedbed and production field area 1:30, seedbed is smooth good, standby.
3, sowing: select sunny, calm weather conditions, the seed of handling well is mixed to the dry fine sand soil that diameter is less than 3mm, divide and be evenly spread on seedbed 2～3 times, thickness of sowing is not excessive, between seed, spacing is controlled at 4-5cm left and right.This seed spacing is controlled at 4-5cm and broadcasts sowing mode, need to have people's operation of practical work experience.
4, lid grass: after sowing earthing and spray disinfectant and spread on the seedbed after pesticide-clay mixture and cover 1 layer of straw or pine tag, lid is advisable to just cannot see soil, both can be incubated, again can moisturizing, and also can alleviate the impulse force of current while watering, and buckle immediately mulch film.
5, get grass: after planting 6～7d seedling all sprouts, treat that chrysanthemum seedling grows to 3cm left and right, removes straw in time.While getting straw, dynamics is wanted evenly, and movement range is as far as possible little, to avoid damaging seedling.
6, in water and fertilizer management, note: as lack of water should spray one time permeable, and build film.In seedbed, water should not be too diligent, with keep dry between a soil between wet being advisable.Water dilutional hyponatremia and easily cause excessive growth, and be conducive to the generation of disease.When outdoor mean temperature of air is stabilized in more than 12 ℃, fine calm, can open film, remove the weeds in seedbed.
7, ventilating management and temperature are controlled: after first pair of true leaf launches, should note ventilating.Ventilation time should be at 8:00～9:00 in the morning, ventilates during high temperature at noon, in order to avoid cause, dodges seedling (" sudden strain of a muscle seedling " is wilting, the withered phenomenon of blade causing due to environmental condition flip-flop.This phenomenon all can occur in whole seedling stage, and especially with before field planting for the most serious.Dodging seedling and seedling matter, temperature, air humidity has relation, if seedling is not ventilated for a long time in seedling furrow, in seedling furrow, temperature is higher, humidity is larger, and growth of seedling children is tender, at this moment ventilates suddenly, ambient temperature is lower, air is dry, and seedling can occur wilting phenomena because of dehydration suddenly, and then leaf cell is due to unexpected dehydration, be difficult to recover, the whole blade of severe one is withered, and the lighter makes between blade edge or net arteries and veins mesophyll tissue dry yellow, and blade is as fire burns.）。As cool winds weather, stop ventilating.After coming up, temperature is preferably adjusted into 18～20 ℃ for optimum temperature, and too high temperature easily makes seedling excessive growth, and (excessive growth is the common not normal phenomenon of growing in seedling stage.Excessive growth seedling lacks capacity to combat natural adversities, very easily suffers infection process, and delayed development, makes flower bud differentiation and prolong after flowering stage simultaneously, easily causes bud drop, fallen flowers and shedding.Behind field planting land for growing field crops, slow seedling is poor, finally causes the underproduction.Being embodied in of excessive growth: seedling stem stalk is thin and tall, internode elongates, stem look yellowish green, blade quality is soft, blade attenuation, color and luster is yellowish green, root system is thin and delicate.）
8, seedling stage points for attention: warm indoor air humidity is high, and day and night temperature is large, easily occurs that strong wind scratches plastics, frostbite seedling and excess Temperature, the problems such as seedling excessive growth, burning seedling, want running audit in management, repair plastic foil, tighten film-pressing line, observe variations in temperature, when temperature reaches 30 ℃, will slowly leak informaton, to prevent that high temperature from burning seedling and rotten, note insulation night, if this period is very not arid, generally do not water.
9, after the slow seedling of transplanting, within about 5 days, look into seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings, land for growing field crops is checked line by line, find dead seedling, be short of seedling and fill the gaps with seedlings in time.
Claims (3)
1. a marigold with pigment high and cold area sandy cultivation method, comprises consolidation, sowing, seedling management, field planting, transplanting, field management and fresh flower harvesting link; It is characterized in that:
(1) consolidation: 10d left and right before sowing, booth is all sealed to lifting ground temperature, nocturnal temperature also must be higher than 12 ℃; Sow previous week by the fine earth of seedbed cladding thickness 8～10mm, described fine earth adds with the humus soil 50% sieving the pig/cow dung 30% of becoming thoroughly decomposed and adds river sand 20%, or humus soil 50% adds garden loam 25% and adds river sand 25% and be mixed with;
(2) sowing: a, first sufficient water is watered in the seedbed of putting in order and makes top layer, soil be no less than the soil that 10cm is thick to irrigate; B, select sunny, calm weather conditions, the seed of handling well is mixed to the dry fine sand soil that diameter is less than 3mm, by seed spacing, 4-5cm broadcasts sowing on seedbed; C, the soil of getting ready by the even screen cover of sieve on seedbed, thickness of earth covering 8～10mm; D, spray disinfectant: with every m
250% carbendazim 4g or mancozeb 4g for seedbed, be watered 100 times, is evenly sprayed on bed surface; E, by the Furadan of pulvis or granule, phoxim, or the ratio that provides in agricultural chemicals operation instruction of spray insecticide and thin sand and soil mixes and makes pesticide-clay mixture, spreads fertilizer over the fields afterwards on seedbed; F, immediately on seedbed, cover 1 layer of straw afterwards, be covered to just cannot see seedbed soil only;
(3) seedling management: a, after planting 6～7d seedling all sprouts, and chrysanthemum seedling grows to 3cm left and right, in time straw is removed; After first pair of true leaf launches, by 10 ㎡ seedbed diammonium phosphate 30-50g, be watered 10kg pouring and carry out in time top dressing, by proper amount of clear water, rinse an anti-burning seedling of seedling leaves afterwards; After b, the first pair of true leaf launch, in the morning, between 8:00～9:00, allow in seedling growth greenhouse and ventilate; C, when being stabilized in while being not less than 15 ℃, outside air temperature should take off film hardening;
(4) seedling stage diseases and pests control: after a, seedling all sprout, concentration is less than operation instruction ormal weight preparating liquid, sprays seedling bacterium enemy and other bactericide in case young plant infects damping off; B, by " phoxim stirs ripe wheat bran and is spread on seedbed, or mixes poison grain with beta-cypermethrin and be sprinkling upon seedbed surface trapping soil insect, while occurring that liriomyza bryoniae is caused harm, sprays cyromazine control; When c, temperature reach 30 ℃, to slowly leak informaton, note insulation night, if this period is very not arid, just not water, prevent that high temperature from burning seedling and rotten; D, excessive growth seedling should spray the chlormequat of 200ppm, make leaf look turn green, and stem is sturdy, internode shortens; When e, chrysanthemum seedling poor growth, within every 5～7 days, can water 0.5% compound rich water one time, after pouring, by proper amount of clear water, rinse a seedling leaves, in order to avoid " burning seedling ", or spray appropriate growth hormone and carry seedling, as the growth regulator containing " heteroauxin ", to promote growth; F, seedling age are controlled at 45～50 days, when seedling grows to 15～20cm, during the thick 3～4mm of stem, just can transplant; The usage of described agricultural chemicals and consumption are all done by agricultural chemicals operation instruction;
(5) field planting: a, booth are built up rear whole ground, execute high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure 2000～2500kg for every mu, diammonium phosphate 30-40kg, and potash fertilizer 6Kg, accomplishes once to use sufficient base fertilizer, to guarantee the nutrition supply of breeding time, fertilizer will impose on furrow face uniformly; B, fertilizer turn over to soil, press high ridge soil moisture: the high 8-10cm in the ridge, and the ridge is wide is 40cm, moisture in the soil is wide is the standard reason moisture in the soil of 90cm; After c, resonable moisture in the soil, moisture in the soil face is carried out to epiphragma processing, better insulation preserves soil moisture and prevents weed growth; After d, epiphragma, by spacing in the rows 70cm, the standard of line-spacing 60cm is beaten the pool at moisture in the soil face duplicate rows; Before e, transplanting, seedbed, 7d left and right is controlled and is watered, and takes off film hardening, in order to transplanting; F, the front 1～2d of transplanting spray 500 times of liquid of 70% mancozeb wettable powder in seedbed, or quicklime: the bordeaux mixture of blue vitriol: water=1:1:200, spray medicine, the object that concentrate control to reach, reduces cause of disease;
(6) there is a small amount of branch in field management: a, the about 40cm of plant height left and right, before young plant envelope ridge, now carries out rupture of membranes ridging; B, after transplanting, in 7～20 days, be not that undue arid does not just need to pour water, water to see wet see dry; C, spray phosphorus potash fertilizer to improve the resistance against diseases of plant, once find diseased plant, should pull out in time, away from air port under production field, burn or bury; D, a fixed stake bracing wire: when plant grows to 40cm left and right, use fixedly plant of iron wire, cord, bamboo pole or timber bracing wire, and along with the growing way of seedling by the rope of fixing use up movement with lodging-prevention;
(7) fresh flower is plucked and final-period management: mid or late July, treat that marigold petal reaches more than 85%, and when bright-colored, start to pluck, every 5-7 days, pluck once; After each harvesting, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate one time, spray bordeaux mixture simultaneously one time, prevent that disease from immersing harm plant.
2. a kind of marigold with pigment according to claim 1 high and cold area sandy cultivation method, before it is characterized in that transplanting, to seedbed, water in advance permeable, at 08:00-10:30 in the morning, or afternoon 16:30-18:30 lifting.
3. a kind of marigold with pigment according to claim 1 high and cold area sandy cultivation method, is characterized in that by spacing in the rows 70cm, line-spacing 60cm, and the 70cm that picks flowers, the pool one strain is transplanted, afterwards immediately to the broad irrigation of monoblock land for growing field crops.
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