CN103975729A - Method for cultivating organic chrysanthemum in rain sheltering and frost resisting way - Google Patents

Method for cultivating organic chrysanthemum in rain sheltering and frost resisting way Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103975729A
CN103975729A CN201410173656.3A CN201410173656A CN103975729A CN 103975729 A CN103975729 A CN 103975729A CN 201410173656 A CN201410173656 A CN 201410173656A CN 103975729 A CN103975729 A CN 103975729A
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chrysanthemum
rain
cultivated
organic
frost resistance
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CN103975729B (en
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杜志艳
晏丽蓉
唐醒
李彬
孟宪桥
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Jiangxi Longping Organic Agriculture Co. Ltd.
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Changsha Long Ping Organic Farming Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for cultivating organic chrysanthemum in a rain sheltering and frost resisting way. The method is characterized in that Huizhou large yellow chrysanthemum is used as seedlings and singe-arc arch-shaped rain-sheltering and frost-resisting plastic greenhouses are constructed, wherein the length of a single greenhouse is 8m, the width is 4m, the shoulder height is 2m, the top height is 4.0m and the external sunshade height is 4.5m; the greenhouses are covered with plastic films with thickness of 0.12mm; the transplantation of the organic chrysanthemum seedlings and the harvesting are completed in the plastic greenhouses; other cultivation processes are the same as that of open cultivation. The method for cultivating the organic chrysanthemum provided by the invention has the advantages that the risks caused by natural factors to chrysanthemum planting are avoided, the yield of the organic chrysanthemum reaches 959 jin per mu, the yield is high and stable and the quality of the chrysanthemum is good.

Description

A kind of frost resistance of taking shelter from rain is cultivated the method for organic chrysanthemum
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method of chrysanthemum, especially relate to a kind of method that frost resistance of taking shelter from rain is cultivated organic chrysanthemum.
Background technology
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum), perennial catananche.It originates in China, and domestication in existing thousands of years is historical, happiness temperature climate, and preference temperature is 20 ~ 25 ℃, cold resistant, water funk waterlogging, but can not lack of water at seedling stage and florescence, be short-day plant.Chrysanthemum is the traditional food of China, and it is one of chrysanthemum tea drink, conventional traditional Chinese medicine; At present, chrysanthemum has become the second largest conventional tea beverage that is only second to tealeaves.
All there is plantation current domestic various places, and implantation methods is also comparatively ripe, and generally speaking, chrysanthemum is (by the end of October to mid-November) timely collecting the Frost's Descent to the Beginning of Winter.Although chrysanthemum has certain resistivity to frost, if continue the Frost's Descent at the florescence, can still can cause certain threat to gathering of chrysanthemum.Secondly, if the florescence just in time meets, continuing the rainy day, is also a fatal disaster to gathering of chrysanthemum.Yet; traditional open country planting patterns is very large to the dependence of weather, if meet rainy day or frosty weather on the occasion of picking time, the output of chrysanthemum will be subject to serious threat so; continue rainy day or frost and even may have no harvest, this is huge loss to chrysanthemum large-scale planting.
CN 102524013 A disclose a kind of method of rain shelter cultivation of apples, take Fuji or Gold Delicious apple as material, the company's of building steel-framed plastic greenhouse, the long 50m of single canopy, the wide 6m of canopy, high 3. 8m of canopy, Fuji apple is cladding thickness 0. 06 ~ 0.12mm plastic foil when bud is sprouted, Gold Delicious apple covers thick 0. 06 ~ 0. 12mm plastic foil after Flowers ending, and early October removes the plastic foil of covering; In whole growth season, different from outdoor cropping except pesticide application, the use of shaping and trimming method and fertilizer is identical with outdoor cropping.The method adopts the plastic tunnel of taking shelter from rain in the Apple Culture phase, reduced the use of agricultural chemicals and the generation of disease; But because the growing and cultivating condition of apple and organic chrysanthemum differs larger, the method for this invention is not suitable for the cultivation of organic chrysanthemum.
CN 102550359 A disclose a kind of grape small arched shed rain shelter frame and cultivation method, this rain shelter frame comprises a plurality of semicircle umbrella stands, each semicircle umbrella stand comprises column, crossbeam, main bow top, main bow top is welded into semicircle with two of crossbeam, column is fixed by the semicircular center of circle and beam vertical, and the top of column is connected with main bow top; The asking and be connected with respectively curb girder in umbrella stand both sides of every two adjacent semicircle umbrella stands, curb girder is vertical with the frame face of semicircle umbrella stand; Asking of adjacent two main bow tops, be provided with bow top at least one, the two ends on inferior bow top are separately fixed on the curb girder of both sides, main bow top and time common frame face that forms rain shelter frame in bow top.Cultivation method of the present invention, comprise the steps: a) first to build described grape small arched shed rain shelter frame, then utilize column in the below of small arched shed rain shelter frame, to build the two "T"-shaped hedge framves in road, with the common formation of the crossbeam three "T"-shaped hedge framves in road, and along column, draw an iron wire in the position of lm overhead, the altitude range of " T " shape hedge frame 1 ~ 1. 9m, the centre of grape transplanting stock two root posts in a ridge, the spacing in the rows of planting is 4m, line-spacing is 3. 5m, cover film before grape rudiment in spring, grape is grown under small arched shed rain shelter frame, b) when grape growth is high to lm, follow and cultivate to the left and right two major branches, young sprout interval 20 ~ 22 cm that sprout on next year major branch upwards lure the both sides of the Yin tri-"T"-shaped hedge framves in road, the sublateral shoot of sprouting on young sprout stays 2 leaf pinching, keep ventilation and penetrating light under canopy, during winter pruning, along major branch direction left and right, transpostion interval 35 ~ 40 cm stay a bearing basal shoot, bearing basal shoot stays 8 ~ 12 bud cutting backs, after pruning, bearing basal shoot is depressed on the major branch of colligation and the left and right sides, after germinateing the coming year, when young sprout is elongated to 30 ~ 40 cm, the unnecessary young sprout of erasing, reservation is with the young sprout of flower fringe, young sprout still according to last year method lure and draw.The method adopts the small arched shed rain shelter frame of particular design in the common cultivation phase, effective low generation that reduces damage by disease and insect, blooms grape star-spangled banner more neat; But because the growing and cultivating condition of grape and organic chrysanthemum there are differences, the cultivation method of this invention is not suitable for the cultivation of organic chrysanthemum.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: provide a kind of organic chrysanthemum output high and stable, the measured frost resistance of taking shelter from rain of matter is cultivated the method for organic chrysanthemum.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves its technical problem employing is: a kind of frost resistance of taking shelter from rain is cultivated the method for organic chrysanthemum, Huizhou City rheum officinale chrysanthemum of take is seedling, build the plastic tunnel of single arch type, the frost resistance of taking shelter from rain, by 4 ~ 6 monomer canopies, be formed by connecting, long 8 meters of monomer canopy, wide 4 meters, 2 meters of shoulder heights, rise 4.0 meters, external sunshade is high 4.5 meters, the plastic foil that cladding thickness is 0.12mm; From transplanting to the process of receiving flower of organic chrysanthemum seedling, in plastic tunnel, complete; Other cultivation processes are identical with outdoor cropping.
Further, described cultivation process comprises the following steps: 1) seed selection; 2) wholely; 3) plant division; 4) grow seedlings; 5) transplant; 6) water management; 7) preventing disease and pest; 8) control grass; 9) pick flowers.
Further, described monomer canopy is comprised of bottom column, top column, span frame, arch bar, suspension rod, crossbeam, and described bottom column is fixed in ground, and its upper end is fixedly connected with crossbeam with top column; Described top column and span frame are fixed; Described arch bar is fixed on the top of crossbeam by suspension rod.
Further, in described plastic tunnel, a monomer canopy is provided with the door entering in plastic tunnel.
Further, described plastic tunnel is selected galvanizing low-carbon (LC) steel.
Further, described plastic foil is selected long-lived without dripping film.
A kind of frost resistance of taking shelter from rain of the present invention is cultivated the method for organic chrysanthemum, has avoided the natural cause risk that plantation produces to chrysanthemum; The flower of gathering is large, pattern cadmium yellow, petal are plump, and surface is without dew or rainwater, dries cost low; Organic chrysanthemum output is up to 959 pounds/acre, and output is high and stable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the front view of the plastic tunnel that adopts of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the left view of the plastic tunnel that adopts of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the enlarged diagram of Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
With reference to Fig. 1: a kind of frost resistance of taking shelter from rain of the present embodiment is cultivated the method for organic chrysanthemum, a kind of frost resistance of taking shelter from rain is cultivated the method for organic chrysanthemum, Huizhou City rheum officinale chrysanthemum of take is seedling, builds the plastic tunnel of single arch type, the frost resistance of taking shelter from rain, and by 6 monomer canopies, is formed by connecting, long 8 meters of monomer canopy, wide 4 meters, 2 meters of shoulder heights, rise 4.0 meters, external sunshade is high 4.5 meters, the plastic foil that cladding thickness is 0.12mm; From transplanting to the process of receiving flower of organic chrysanthemum seedling, in plastic tunnel, complete; Other cultivation processes are identical with outdoor cropping.
Carry out the method that the organic chrysanthemum of outdoor cropping cultivates organic chrysanthemum with the frost resistance of taking shelter from rain simultaneously and compare, concrete cultivation step is as follows:
1) seed selection: the present embodiment is selected Dendranthema morifolium Varieties, originates in Huizhou City rheum officinale chrysanthemum of ancient Huizhou remote mountains area, belongs to autumn chrysanthemum, and the florescence is in lunar calendar October;
2) whole ground: plough deeply soil before plantation, in conjunction with whole ground, every 667 ㎡ apply 2000 ㎏ fertilizers and plough under in soil and make base manure, then open ridge, and ridge is high is 30 ㎝, and wide is 150 ㎝, and surrounding is held drain ditch successfully;
3) plant division: by the florists chrysanthemum seedling the staying upper one year acrial part plant division corresponding with root system, can not hurt root system during transplanting;
4) grow seedlings: take the mode of division propagation as main, in conjunction with cottage propagation, cultivate and produce florists chrysanthemum seedling;
5) transplant: when seedling grows two young leaves, and while launching completely, from soil, be with soil to dig out chrysanthemum plant, the soil amount of being with is advisable to hold the main root system of chrysanthemum, on mulch film, with spud, digs hole, and plantation density is 60 ㎝ * 40 ㎝, axillary seedling is in 4~May, and cuttage seeding is in 5~July;
6) water management: plant into after drench into field planting water, especially cuttage seeding will irrigate after implanting; Depending on weather condition, accomplish timely and appropriate discovery afterwards, be the growth busy season of chrysanthemum summer, if run into continuous high temperature weather, need timely supply moisture, guarantee the moisture needs of plant, as the rainy day, need to check in advance drainage situation in ditch, guarantee that draining is smooth and easy, in case waterlogging causes butt rot.The plant of facility cultivation, weather waters while continuing to be dried in time;
7) preventing disease and pest: disease be take dead leaf disease, root rot, downy mildew as main, and insect pest be take chrysanthemum aphid, cutworm, prodenia litura etc. as main.On the one hand, utilize biological control, the superiority of performance base ecotope, the insect such as the natural enemy ladybug of aphid, Chrysopa in protection chrysanthemum ground.On the other hand, use that nimbin, matrine etc. are efficient, the biogenic medicament of low toxicity, low-residual murders insect, be combined with Yellow sticky trap and self-control sugar-vinegar liquid is lured and kills off the insect pests simultaneously;
8) control grass: chrysanthemum organic farming pattern is to use weed killer herbicide, therefore generally adopts artificial or mechanical means weeding, utilizes black film mulching.In addition, we also use rice husk soverlay technique, and the photosynthesis that can cover on the one hand the sunlight inhibition weeds of weeds is controlled careless object to reach, and has on the other hand certain gap between rice husk particle, can improve the permeability of soil; In ditch, weeds adopt thermal-flame gunite to burn weeds and seed thereof to death;
9) pick flowers: by the end of October to mid-November, fine day is gathered, take and fickle in lovely scatter 2/3 as suitable picking time, after gathering, need to carry out storage and processing, prevent that chrysanthemum from rotting, variable color.
Wherein, the frost resistance of taking shelter from rain is cultivated organic chrysanthemum and is transplanted to 9 in step 5)) process of receiving flower completes in plastic tunnel; And the whole process of organic chrysanthemum of outdoor cropping all completes on open country, do not adopt plastic tunnel.
With reference to Fig. 1 ~ 3, described plastic tunnel comprises 6 monomer canopies that are comprised of bottom column 1, top column 2, span frame 3, arch bar 4, suspension rod 5, crossbeam 6; Described bottom column 1 is fixed in ground, and its upper end is fixedly connected with crossbeam 6 with top column 2; Described top column 2 is fixing with span frame 3; Described arch bar 4 is fixed on the top of crossbeam 6 by suspension rod 5.
In described plastic tunnel, a monomer canopy is provided with the door 7 entering in plastic tunnel.
Described plastic tunnel is selected galvanizing low-carbon (LC) steel.
Described plastic foil is selected the long-lived film of polyethylene.
The present embodiment is included in that equal area (30 mu) is carried out open country and the frost resistance of taking shelter from rain is cultivated organic chrysanthemum, the florescence of two kinds of planting types, start by the end of October to pick flowers, and continue to mid or late November always.Because the phase of picking flowers meets the lasting rainy day, the great majority flower of outdoor cropping is not plucked, and the chrysanthemum of having plucked is because water content has strengthened the difficulty of drying too much, after rain, become a fine day and welcome again soon the lasting Frost's Descent, finish to the phase of picking flowers, the fresh flower gross weight of outdoor cropping is 1800 jin, and per mu yield is only 60 pounds/acre.The flower of gathering is large, but pattern because of the bubble of rainwater, send out the micro-Huang of reason and even whiten, even have petal to occur withering and falling or petal corruption.Yet, outdoor cropping relatively, take shelter from rain organic chrysanthemum of frost resistance cultivation of employing, due to the plastic tunnel of the frost resistance of the taking shelter from rain frost resistance of can taking shelter from rain well, chrysanthemum is all gathered in time, the flower of gathering is large, pattern cadmium yellow, petal are plump, and surface is without dew or rainwater, dries cost and greatly dwindles.While finishing to the phase of picking flowers, adopting the chrysanthemum gross weight of the frost resistance cultivation of taking shelter from rain is 28770 jin, and per mu yield is 959 pounds/acre.
Contrast two kinds of chrysanthemum planting types, when running into the rainy day, continuing the weather such as the Frost's Descent, the per mu yield that the frost resistance of taking shelter from rain is cultivated organic chrysanthemum is approximately 16 times of outdoor cropping, and fresh flower quality is better than outdoor cropping, embodies extremely significant advantage.The frost resistance of taking shelter from rain is cultivated and has successfully been avoided the natural cause risk that plantation produces to chrysanthemum, has guaranteed chrysanthemum yield and quality, has guaranteed that input and output is directly proportional.Therefore, carry out chrysanthemum industrialization growing and cultivation, can consider the mode that conventional outdoor cropping and the frost resistance of taking shelter from rain cultivation combine, thereby obtain the effect of output and quality doulbe-sides' victory.
The plastic tunnel that the present embodiment adopts can also be comprised of 4 or 5 monomer canopies, the change of above technical characterictic, and those skilled in the art can understand and implement according to text description, so accompanying drawing enumerate embodiment and be described further no longer.

Claims (9)

1. the frost resistance of taking shelter from rain is cultivated the method for organic chrysanthemum, it is characterized in that, Huizhou City rheum officinale chrysanthemum of take is seedling, builds the plastic tunnel of single arch type, the frost resistance of taking shelter from rain, and by 4 ~ 6 monomer canopies, is formed by connecting, long 8 meters of monomer canopy, wide 4 meters, 2 meters of shoulder heights, rise 4.0 meters, external sunshade is high 4.5 meters, the plastic foil that cladding thickness is 0.12mm; From transplanting to the process of receiving flower of organic chrysanthemum seedling, in plastic tunnel, complete; Other cultivation processes are identical with outdoor cropping.
2. the frost resistance of taking shelter from rain is as claimed in claim 1 cultivated the method for organic chrysanthemum, it is characterized in that, described cultivation process comprises the following steps: 1) seed selection; 2) wholely; 3) plant division; 4) grow seedlings; 5) transplant; 6) water management; 7) preventing disease and pest; 8) control grass; 9) pick flowers.
3. the frost resistance of taking shelter from rain is as claimed in claim 1 or 2 cultivated the method for organic chrysanthemum, it is characterized in that, described monomer canopy is comprised of bottom column, top column, span frame, arch bar, suspension rod, crossbeam, and described bottom column is fixed in ground, and its upper end is fixedly connected with crossbeam with top column; Described top column and span frame are fixed; Described arch bar is fixed on the top of crossbeam by suspension rod.
4. the frost resistance of taking shelter from rain is as claimed in claim 1 cultivated the method for organic chrysanthemum, it is characterized in that, in described plastic tunnel, a monomer canopy is provided with the door entering in plastic tunnel.
5. the frost resistance of taking shelter from rain is as claimed in claim 1 or 2 cultivated the method for organic chrysanthemum, it is characterized in that, described plastic tunnel is selected galvanizing low-carbon (LC) steel.
6. the frost resistance of taking shelter from rain is as claimed in claim 3 cultivated the method for organic chrysanthemum, it is characterized in that, described plastic tunnel is selected galvanizing low-carbon (LC) steel.
7. the frost resistance of taking shelter from rain as described in claim 1 or 2 or 4 is cultivated the method for organic chrysanthemum, it is characterized in that, described plastic foil is selected long-lived without dripping film.
8. the frost resistance of taking shelter from rain is as claimed in claim 3 cultivated the method for organic chrysanthemum, it is characterized in that, described plastic foil is selected long-lived without dripping film.
9. the frost resistance of taking shelter from rain is as claimed in claim 5 cultivated the method for organic chrysanthemum, it is characterized in that, described plastic foil is selected long-lived without dripping film.
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CN104472154B (en) * 2014-11-18 2016-07-27 尚伟盼 It is applicable to the Flos Chrysanthemi field management method of Soil Development in Huaibei Plain

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