CN112715341B - Automatic and accurate planting method for vegetables - Google Patents
Automatic and accurate planting method for vegetables Download PDFInfo
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- CN112715341B CN112715341B CN202011503730.5A CN202011503730A CN112715341B CN 112715341 B CN112715341 B CN 112715341B CN 202011503730 A CN202011503730 A CN 202011503730A CN 112715341 B CN112715341 B CN 112715341B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention provides an automatic and accurate planting method for vegetables, which comprises the following steps: (1) sowing, namely putting vegetable seeds and peat into a small hole tray; (2) accelerating teeth, namely placing the small hole tray into a germination accelerating chamber for accelerating germination at a constant temperature of 25 ℃ without illumination until seeds break the soil; (3) hardening seedlings, namely transferring the small hole tray to an artificial light source culture room to harden the seedlings at 18-25 ℃ to control the growth height of hypocotyls to be within 1.5 times of the leaf surface; (4) transplanting seedlings for the first time, placing the seedling cup into a large-hole plug tray, filling a matrix, and transplanting the seedlings in the small-hole plug tray into the seedling cup; (5) transferring the hole tray, namely transferring the large-hole tray to a tide type planting seedbed; (6) seedling raising, namely automatically irrigating and culturing the tide type planting seedbed area; (7) transplanting the big hole tray in the tide planting seedbed to a planting floating plate; (8) water planting, namely placing the planting floating plate into a culture pond, and fishing out the grown finished vegetables; (9) harvesting and packaging to finish vegetable harvesting and packaging; and cleaning the red. The invention has short whole planting period and is green and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an agricultural planting technology, in particular to an automatic and accurate planting method for vegetables.
Background
The existing vegetable planting method basically adopts a static greenhouse or static ground planting method, mainly depends on manual labor, assists simple mechanical equipment and has low automation degree.
Meanwhile, because vegetable planting has the characteristic of natural growth, the whole growth process is influenced by factors such as water, soil, temperature, illumination, climate and the like, and the planting environment changes along with time-space change, so that the factors such as water, soil, temperature, illumination, climate and the like necessary for vegetable planting are difficult to control, the occurrence probability of plant diseases and insect pests is high, particularly the plant diseases and insect pests are distributed in a bell-shaped situation from before and after the spring festival to before and after the autumn festival in southern areas, vegetables can not normally grow without pesticides during the period, a large amount of pesticides remain in the vegetables, the potential safety hazard of food and agricultural products exists, and the health of people is seriously harmed.
In addition, the current vegetable planting varieties are limited and can not be continuously planted, so that the land utilization rate is low, the yield is low, and with the increasingly serious pollution of water and soil environments in recent years, the period, the yield and the quality of natural vegetable planting are seriously influenced, and the large demand of the current society for green high-quality vegetables cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide an automatic and accurate planting method for vegetables, the whole planting process is not influenced by important factors such as climate, water, soil and the like, the space can be fully utilized, the planting period is short, no pesticide is applied in the planting process, high-quality green vegetables are planted, and meanwhile, the whole planting process is environment-friendly.
The technical scheme of the invention is an automatic and accurate vegetable planting method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing, namely putting vegetable seeds and peat into a small-hole tray;
(2) accelerating teeth, namely placing the sown small hole tray into a germination accelerating room without illumination at a constant temperature of 25 ℃ for accelerating germination for 2 days, and breaking soil for seeds;
(3) hardening seedlings, namely transferring the small ground Kong Xuepan to an artificial light source cultivation room for hardening seedlings for 4 to 6 days at 18 to 25 ℃, and controlling the growth height of hypocotyls to be within 1.5 times of that of leaf surfaces;
(4) transplanting seedlings for the first time, placing the seedling cup into a large-hole plug tray, filling a matrix, and transplanting the seedlings in the small-hole plug tray into the seedling cup;
(5) transferring the hole tray, namely transferring the large-hole tray to a tidal type planting seedling bed;
(6) seedling raising, namely automatically irrigating the tide type planting seedbed area after the data transmitted by the weather station, the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are calculated by a computer, and culturing for 15 to 20 days;
(7) transferring a seedling plug tray, namely transferring a large-hole plug tray in the tidal planting seedbed to a working area;
(8) transplanting seedlings for the second time, namely transplanting the seedling cups in the large-hole trays in the working area onto the planting floating plates;
(9) water culture, namely conveying the planting floating plates to the edge of a culture pond through a production line, placing the planting floating plates into the culture pond, floating the floating plates on water, pushing the floating plates forwards, sequentially arranging, arranging irrigation pipelines in the culture pond, fertilizing through pipelines, growing for 20-25 days to obtain finished vegetables, and fishing the planting floating plates out of the culture pond;
harvesting and packaging the red (R), cutting off root systems of finished vegetables, taking out the seedling raising cups from the planting floating plates, putting the seedling raising cups into a designated container, and completing harvesting and packaging;
⑪, and the planting floating plate, the small hole tray and the large hole tray are repeatedly used after being cleaned and stacked.
In the above step, preferably, the external dimension of the small-hole tray is 480mm by 280mm, 162 holes are uniformly arranged in the small-hole tray, the diameter of the top of each hole is 25mm, the depth of each hole is 35mm, and a through hole is arranged at the bottom of each hole.
In the above step, preferably, the external dimension of the large-pore tray is 482mm × 326mm, 24 pores are uniformly arranged in the large-pore tray, the diameter of the top of each pore is 65mm, the depth of each pore is 68mm, and the bottom of each pore is provided with a through hole.
In the above step, it is preferable that the seedling raising cup has a top diameter of 63mm and a height of 55mm, and has an outer diameter gradually decreasing from the top toward the bottom, and a long bar-shaped hole formed in a lower portion thereof.
In the above step, preferably, the outer dimension of the floating planting plate is 1892mm × 357mm, 32 holes are formed in the floating planting plate, the diameter of the top of each hole is 99mm, the inner diameter of each hole gradually decreases from the top to the bottom, and the minimum diameter of each hole at the bottom is 36mm.
Preferably, in the step (9), the planting floating plate is placed into the culture pond through a movable seedling dropping machine, the movable seedling dropping machine comprises a frame and a bottom plate connected to the bottom of the frame, the upper part of the frame is connected with an extension frame extending out towards the front side, a front-and-back moving mechanism is arranged on the extension frame, an up-and-down moving mechanism is arranged on the front-and-back moving mechanism, a floating plate connecting rod is vertically connected to the up-and-down moving mechanism, a cross beam is arranged at the lower end of the floating plate connecting rod along the left-and-right direction, and a plurality of inserting claws are arranged on the cross beam at intervals; the bottom plate is provided with a plurality of guide rails at intervals along the left-right direction, each guide rail is arranged along the front-back direction, a front-back sliding device is arranged on each guide rail, a turnover device is arranged on each front-back sliding device and connected with a lifting turnover frame, and rollers are arranged on the lower surface of the bottom plate. The front-back moving mechanism comprises a first servo motor arranged on the rack, the first servo motor is connected with a first belt wheel through a first speed reducer, the front end of the extension frame is correspondingly provided with the first belt wheel, a first transmission belt is arranged between the two first belt wheels, first sliding rails in the front-back direction are arranged on the top surfaces of the left side and the right side of the extension frame, the bottom of the up-down moving mechanism is connected onto the first sliding rails through a sliding block, the bottom of the up-down moving mechanism is connected onto the first transmission belt, and the first servo motor drives the up-down moving mechanism to slide back and forth along the first sliding rails through the first transmission belt when working, and finally drives the inserting claws to move back and forth; the up-down moving mechanism comprises a first connecting plate arranged on the extending frame, a second servo motor is arranged on the first connecting plate, the second servo motor is connected with a first transmission shaft along the front-back direction through a second speed reducer, a second belt wheel and a tensioning wheel are connected to two ends of the first transmission shaft, a second transmission belt and a second sliding rail are arranged on the floating plate connecting rod, the second transmission belt is connected with the second belt wheel and the tensioning wheel, a sliding block is arranged on the first connecting plate corresponding to the position of the floating plate connecting rod, the second servo motor drives the second belt wheel to rotate along the second transmission belt to drive the floating plate connecting rod to move up and down relative to the sliding block of the first connecting plate, and finally the inserting claw is driven to move up and down along the vertical direction; the connecting piece is arranged between the floating plate connecting rod and the cross beam, the first motor is arranged in the middle of the cross beam, the first motor is connected with a second transmission shaft through a speed reducer, the inserting claw is rotatably connected onto the connecting piece, a first bevel gear is arranged on the top of the inserting claw after penetrating through the connecting piece, a second bevel gear is correspondingly arranged on the second transmission shaft, the first motor drives the second bevel gear to rotate through the second transmission shaft after being started, the second bevel gear is meshed with the first bevel gear to rotate, and finally the inserting claw is driven to rotate vertically. The front-back sliding device comprises a second connecting plate arranged on the guide rail, the bottom of the second connecting plate is connected to the guide rail through a sliding block, a second motor and a speed reducer are arranged on the second connecting plate, a third transmission belt is arranged on the second connecting plate along the front-back direction, a third belt wheel is arranged at an output shaft of the speed reducer of the second motor, a tensioning wheel is arranged on the second connecting plate, the second motor drives the third belt wheel to rotate along the third transmission belt to realize the front-back sliding of the second connecting plate relative to the guide rail, and finally the front-back moving of the turnover frame is lifted; the turnover device comprises a third servo motor and a third speed reducer which are arranged on the second connecting plate, an output shaft of the third speed reducer is connected to the rear end of the lifting turnover frame, and the third servo motor is started to control the lifting turnover frame to rotate through the third speed reducer. The ground rail is arranged on the ground below the bottom plate, the third connecting plate is arranged on the lower surface of the bottom plate, the clamping wheels are arranged on two sides of the third connecting plate, and the clamping wheels are located on two sides of the ground rail and are used for ensuring to advance along the ground rail.
Preferably, in the step (r), finished vegetable removes through the assembly line and carries out automatic root cutting to root cutter department, root cutter includes the frame, both sides are provided with input conveyer belt and the output conveyer belt with kickboard width looks adaptation respectively around the frame, in the kickboard in the assembly line passes through input conveyer belt entering frame, be provided with double-deck chain saw blade and the power unit of the relative cutting motion of repetition is made to the double-deck chain saw blade of drive in the frame, the height of double-deck chain saw blade is less than the lower surface of placing the kickboard on the conveyer belt, power unit sets up on the connecting plate, the connecting plate passes through elevating system and connects in the frame, be provided with vegetable roots recovery unit in the frame of double-deck chain saw blade below.
The whole planting process is not influenced by climate and soil factors, the space can be fully utilized, the planting period is short, no pesticide is added in the planting process, green vegetables are planted, and meanwhile, the whole planting process is environment-friendly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a planting flow layout according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a small-hole tray according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a large pore tray according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a seedling raising cup according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a floating planting plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the mobile seedling dropping machine of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 6 from another perspective;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of the forward-backward moving mechanism and the upward-downward moving mechanism in FIG. 6;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 8 from another perspective;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 9 at A;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the front-rear sliding device and the turnover device according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 11 from another perspective;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of the root cutter of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the planting float plate of FIG. 13 from another perspective;
wherein: 1, a frame; 2-a bottom plate; 3-an extension frame; 4-a back-and-forth movement mechanism; 5, an up-down moving mechanism; 6-floating plate connecting rod; 7, a cross beam; 8, inserting claws; 9-a guide rail; 10-a front and rear slide; 11-a turning device; 12-lifting the roll-over stand; 13-a roller; 14-a first servomotor; 15-a first reducer; 16 — a first pulley; 17 — a first drive belt; 18-a first slide rail; 19 — a first connecting plate; 20-a second servo motor; 21-a second reducer; 22 — a first drive shaft; 23-a second pulley; 24-a tensioner; 25-a second drive belt; 26-a second slide rail; 27-a connector; 28 — a first motor; 29-a second drive shaft; 30-a first bevel gear; 31-a second bevel gear; 32-a second connecting plate; 33-a second motor; 34-a third drive belt; 35-a third pulley; 36-a third servo motor; 37-third reducer; 38-ground rail; 39-third connecting plate; 40-clamping wheel; 41-input conveyor belt; 42-an output conveyor belt; 43-double layer chainsaw blade; 44, a power mechanism; 45, connecting plates; 46-a lifting mechanism; 47-vegetable root system recovery unit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides an automatic and accurate planting method for vegetables, which comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing, namely putting vegetable seeds and peat into a small hole tray;
(2) accelerating germination, namely putting the sowed small-hole tray into a germination accelerating chamber with constant temperature of 25 ℃ and no illumination for accelerating germination for 2 days, and breaking soil for seeds;
(3) hardening seedlings, namely transferring the small ground Kong Xuepan to an artificial light source cultivation room for hardening seedlings for 4 to 6 days at 18 to 25 ℃, and controlling the growth height of hypocotyls to be within 1.5 times of that of leaf surfaces;
(4) transplanting seedlings for the first time, namely placing the seedling cup into a large-hole plug tray, filling a matrix, and transplanting the seedlings in the small-hole plug tray into the seedling cup;
(5) transferring the hole tray, namely transferring the large-hole tray to a tide type planting seedbed;
(6) seedling raising, namely automatically irrigating the tide type planting seedbed area after the data transmitted by the weather station, the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are calculated by a computer, and culturing for 15 to 20 days;
(7) transferring a seedling plug tray, namely transferring a large-hole plug tray in the tidal planting seedbed to a working area;
(8) transplanting seedlings for the second time, namely transplanting the seedling cups in the large-hole trays in the working area onto the planting floating plates;
(9) water culture, namely conveying the planting floating plates to the edge of a culture pond through a production line, placing the planting floating plates into the culture pond, floating the floating plates on water, pushing the floating plates forwards, sequentially arranging, arranging irrigation pipelines in the culture pond, fertilizing through pipelines, growing for 20-25 days to obtain finished vegetables, and fishing the planting floating plates out of the culture pond;
harvesting and packaging the red roof, cutting off root systems of finished vegetables, taking out the seedling raising cups from the planting floating plates, putting the seedling raising cups into a designated container, and completing harvesting and packaging;
3238 and cleaning and stacking the zxft 3238, and repeatedly using the planting floating plate, the small Kong Xuepan and the large-pore tray after cleaning and stacking.
As shown in fig. 2, the external dimension of the small-hole tray is 480mm by 280mm, 162 holes are uniformly arranged in the small-hole tray, the diameter of the top of each hole is 25mm, the depth of each hole is 35mm, and a through hole is arranged at the bottom of each hole.
As shown in fig. 3, the external dimension of the large-pore tray is 482mm × 326mm, 24 pores are uniformly arranged in the large-pore tray, the diameter of the top of each pore is 65mm, the depth of each pore is 68mm, and a through hole is arranged at the bottom of each pore.
As shown in FIG. 4, the diameter of the top of the seedling cup is 63mm, the height thereof is 55mm, the outer diameter thereof gradually decreases from the top to the bottom thereof, and a strip-shaped long hole is formed at the lower part thereof.
As shown in fig. 5, the outer dimension of the planting floating plate is 1892mm × 357mm, 32 holes are arranged on the planting floating plate, the diameter of the top of each hole is 99mm, the inner diameter of each hole gradually decreases from the top to the bottom, and the minimum diameter of each small hole at the bottom is 36mm.
As shown in fig. 6 to 12, in the step (9), the planting floating plate is placed into the culture pond through a movable seedling dropping machine, the movable seedling dropping machine comprises a frame 1 and a bottom plate 2 connected to the bottom of the frame 1, the upper part of the frame 1 is connected with an extension frame 3 extending out towards the front side, a front-and-back moving mechanism 4 is arranged on the extension frame 3, an up-and-down moving mechanism 5 is arranged on the front-and-back moving mechanism 4, a floating plate connecting rod 6 is vertically connected to the up-and-down moving mechanism 5, a cross beam 7 is arranged at the lower end of the floating plate connecting rod 6 along the left-and-right direction, and a plurality of inserting claws 8 are arranged on the cross beam 7 at intervals; a plurality of guide rails 9 are arranged on the bottom plate 2 at intervals along the left-right direction, each guide rail 9 is arranged along the front-back direction, a front-back sliding device 10 is arranged on each guide rail 9, a turnover device 11 is arranged on each front-back sliding device 10, each turnover device 11 is connected with a lifting turnover frame 12, and rollers 13 are arranged on the lower surface of the bottom plate 2; the front-back moving mechanism 4 comprises a first servo motor 14 arranged on the rack 1, the first servo motor 14 is connected with a first belt pulley 16 through a first speed reducer 15, the front end of the extension frame 3 is correspondingly provided with the first belt pulley 16, a first transmission belt 17 is arranged between the two first belt pulleys 16, the top surfaces of the left side and the right side of the extension frame 3 are provided with first sliding rails 18 in the front-back direction, the bottom of the up-down moving mechanism 5 is connected onto the first sliding rails 18 through a sliding block, the bottom of the up-down moving mechanism 5 is connected onto the first transmission belt 17, the first servo motor 14 drives the up-down moving mechanism 5 to slide back and forth along the first sliding rails 18 through the first transmission belt 17 when working, and finally drives the inserting claw 8 to move back and forth; the up-down moving mechanism 5 comprises a first connecting plate 19 arranged on the extending frame 3, a second servo motor 20 is arranged on the first connecting plate 19, the second servo motor 20 is connected with a first transmission shaft 22 along the front-back direction through a second speed reducer 21, two ends of the first transmission shaft 22 are connected with a second belt wheel 23 and a tensioning wheel 24, a second transmission belt 25 and a second sliding rail 26 are arranged on the floating plate connecting rod 6, the second transmission belt 25 is connected with the second belt wheel 23 and the tensioning wheel 24, a sliding block is arranged on the first connecting plate 19 corresponding to the position of the floating plate connecting rod 6, the second servo motor 20 drives the second belt wheel 23 to rotate along the second transmission belt 25 to drive the floating plate connecting rod 6 to move up and down relative to the sliding block of the first connecting plate 19, and finally drives the inserting claws 8 to move up and down along the vertical direction; a connecting piece 27 is arranged between the floating plate connecting rod 6 and the cross beam 7, a first motor 28 is arranged in the middle of the cross beam 7, the first motor 28 is connected with a second transmission shaft 29 through a speed reducer, the inserting claw 8 is rotatably connected onto the connecting piece 27, a first bevel gear 30 is arranged on the top of the inserting claw 8 after penetrating through the connecting piece 27, a second bevel gear 31 is correspondingly arranged on the second transmission shaft 29, the first motor 28 drives the second bevel gear 31 to rotate through the second transmission shaft 29 after being started, the second bevel gear 31 is meshed to drive the first bevel gear 30 to rotate, and finally the inserting claw 8 is driven to rotate vertically; the front-back sliding device 10 comprises a second connecting plate 32 arranged on the guide rail 9, the bottom of the second connecting plate 32 is connected to the guide rail 9 through a sliding block, a second motor 33 and a speed reducer are arranged on the second connecting plate 32, a third transmission belt 34 is arranged on the second connecting plate 32 along the front-back direction, a third belt wheel 35 is arranged at an output shaft of the speed reducer of the second motor 33, a tensioning wheel is arranged on the second connecting plate 32, the second motor 33 drives the third belt wheel 35 to rotate along the third transmission belt 34 to realize the front-back sliding of the second connecting plate 32 relative to the guide rail 9, and finally the forward-back moving of the roll-over stand 12 is lifted; the turning device 11 comprises a third servo motor 36 and a third speed reducer 37 which are arranged on the second connecting plate 32, an output shaft of the third speed reducer 37 is connected to the rear end of the lifting roll-over stand 12, and the third servo motor 36 is started to control the lifting roll-over stand 12 to rotate through the third speed reducer 37; the ground rail 38 is arranged on the ground below the bottom plate 2, the third connecting plate 39 is arranged on the lower surface of the bottom plate 2, the clamping wheels 40 are arranged on two sides of the third connecting plate 39, and the clamping wheels 40 are positioned on two sides of the ground rail 38 to ensure that the ground rail 38 runs.
The planting floating plate with the seedlings is conveyed from a production line conveying belt in front of the movable seedling dropping machine, the floating plate stays in front of the equipment, the two production line conveying belts are arranged in parallel and respectively act on the bottoms of the two sides of the floating plate, the lifting turnover frame 12 moves forwards to a position and then is positioned between the two production line conveying belts, the second motor 33 is started to enable the lifting turnover frame 12 to extend forwards and be inserted into the bottom of the floating plate, the third servo motor 36 is started to control the lifting turnover frame 12 to rotate, the lifting turnover frame 12 is lifted to enable the floating plate to be separated from the production line conveying belt, and the lower surface of the floating plate is separated from the production line conveying belt; and then, the first servo motor 14 and the second servo motor 20 are controlled in a linkage manner to realize the translation of the inserting claw 8 along the front-back direction and the up-down direction, so that the front end of the inserting claw 8 is inserted into the bottom of the floating plate to drag the floating plate, then the third servo motor 36 is controlled to rotate reversely, lay and lift the turnover frame 12 to continue to prepare for the next floating plate, then the first servo motor 14 and the second servo motor 20 are controlled in a linkage manner continuously, the inserting claw 8 is controlled to lift the floating plate and place the floating plate into a culture pond, and the operation of putting the seedlings is realized by repeating the actions. And the movement of putting down the inserting claw 8 from left to right can be realized by matching the roller 13 at the bottom of the device with the ground rail 38, and in addition, the first motor 28 controls the vertical rotating action of the inserting claw 8 to realize the folding of the inserting claw 8.
As shown in fig. 13 to 14, in step r, the finished vegetable is moved to the root cutter through the production line to be automatically cut into roots, the root cutter includes a frame, an input conveyor belt 41 and an output conveyor belt 42 adapted to the width of the floating plate are respectively disposed on the front side and the rear side of the frame, the floating plate in the production line enters the frame through the input conveyor belt 41, a double-layer chain saw blade 43 and a power mechanism 44 for driving the double-layer chain saw blade 43 to perform a repeated relative cutting motion are disposed on the frame, the height of the double-layer chain saw blade 43 is lower than the lower surface of the floating plate disposed on the conveyor belt, the power mechanism 44 is disposed on a connecting plate 45, the connecting plate 45 is connected to the frame through a lifting mechanism 46, and a vegetable root recovery device 47 is disposed on the frame below the double-layer chain saw blade 43. Wherein vegetable roots recovery unit 47 specifically can include the support frame, set up the trough of belt conveyer belt at the support frame top, drive the first motor of trough of belt conveyer belt and set up the collection box in the terminal below of trough of belt conveyer belt. The double-layer chain saw blade 43 and the power mechanism 44 are directly selected to be mounted on the existing hedge trimmer, and the double-layer chain saw blade and the power mechanism are independent in power source and transmission mechanism to achieve repeated and relative cutting between the two layers of chain saw blades, so that efficient cutting of vegetables is guaranteed, and the roots of the vegetables are conveyed into the recovery box through the grooved conveyor belt after being cut.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent change or modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical principle of the present invention still falls within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An automatic and accurate vegetable planting method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing, namely putting vegetable seeds and peat into a small-hole tray;
(2) accelerating germination, namely placing the sown small hole tray into a germination accelerating room without illumination at the constant temperature of 25 ℃ for accelerating germination for 2 days, and breaking soil for seeds;
(3) hardening seedlings, namely transferring the small ground Kong Xuepan to an artificial light source cultivation room for hardening seedlings for 4 to 6 days at 18 to 25 ℃, and controlling the growth height of hypocotyls to be within 1.5 times of that of leaf surfaces;
(4) transplanting seedlings for the first time, namely placing the seedling cup into a large-hole plug tray, filling a matrix, and transplanting the seedlings in the small-hole plug tray into the seedling cup;
(5) transferring the hole tray, namely transferring the large-hole tray to a tide type planting seedbed;
(6) seedling raising, wherein the tide type planting seedbed area is automatically irrigated after being calculated by a computer according to data transmitted by a weather station, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor, and is cultured for 15 to 20 days;
(7) transferring the seedling-forming plug tray, and transferring the large-hole plug tray in the tide type planting seedbed to a working area;
(8) transplanting seedlings for the second time, namely transplanting the seedling cups in the large-hole trays in the working area onto the planting floating plates;
(9) water culture, namely conveying the planting floating plates to the edge of a culture pond through a production line, placing the planting floating plates into the culture pond, floating the floating plates on water, pushing the floating plates forwards, sequentially arranging the floating plates, arranging irrigation pipelines in the culture pond, fertilizing through pipelines, growing for 20-25 days to obtain finished vegetables, and fishing up the planting floating plates from the culture pond;
harvesting and packaging the red (R), cutting off root systems of finished vegetables, taking out the seedling raising cups from the planting floating plates, putting the seedling raising cups into a designated container, and completing harvesting and packaging;
⑪, and the planting floating plate, the small hole tray and the large hole tray are repeatedly used after being cleaned and stacked;
in the step (9), the planting floating plates are placed into the culture pond through a movable seedling dropping machine, the movable seedling dropping machine comprises a rack (1) and a bottom plate (2) connected to the bottom of the rack (1), the upper portion of the rack (1) is connected with an extending frame (3) extending out towards the front side, a front-and-back moving mechanism (4) is arranged on the extending frame (3), an up-and-down moving mechanism (5) is arranged on the front-and-back moving mechanism (4), a floating plate connecting rod (6) is vertically connected to the up-and-down moving mechanism (5), a cross beam (7) is arranged at the lower end of the floating plate connecting rod (6) along the left-and-right direction, and a plurality of inserting claws (8) are arranged on the cross beam (7) at intervals; a plurality of guide rails (9) are arranged on the bottom plate (2) at intervals along the left-right direction, each guide rail (9) is arranged along the front-back direction, a front-back sliding device (10) is arranged on each guide rail (9), a turnover device (11) is arranged on each front-back sliding device (10), each turnover device (11) is connected with a lifting turnover frame (12), and rollers (13) are arranged on the lower surface of the bottom plate (2);
the front-back moving mechanism (4) comprises a first servo motor (14) arranged on the rack (1), the first servo motor (14) is connected with first belt wheels (16) through a first speed reducer (15), the front end of the extension frame (3) is correspondingly provided with the first belt wheels (16), a first transmission belt (17) is arranged between the two first belt wheels (16), the top surfaces of the left side and the right side of the extension frame (3) are provided with first sliding rails (18) in the front-back direction, the bottom of the up-down moving mechanism (5) is connected onto the first sliding rails (18) through sliding blocks, the bottom of the up-down moving mechanism (5) is connected onto the first transmission belt (17), and the first servo motor (14) drives the up-down moving mechanism (5) to slide back and forth along the first sliding rails (18) through the first transmission belt (17) during working so as to finally drive the inserting claw (8) to move back and forth; the up-down moving mechanism (5) comprises a first connecting plate (19) arranged on the extending frame (3), a second servo motor (20) is arranged on the first connecting plate (19), the second servo motor (20) is connected with a first transmission shaft (22) along the front-back direction through a second speed reducer (21), two ends of the first transmission shaft (22) are connected with a second belt wheel (23) and a tensioning wheel (24), a second transmission belt (25) and a second sliding rail (26) are arranged on the floating plate connecting rod (6), the second transmission belt (25) is connected with the second belt wheel (23) and the tensioning wheel (24), a sliding block is arranged on the first connecting plate (19) corresponding to the floating plate connecting rod (6), the second servo motor (20) drives the second belt wheel (23) to rotate along the second transmission belt (25) to further drive the floating plate connecting rod (6) to move up and down relative to the sliding block of the first connecting plate (19), and finally drives the inserting claws (8) to move up and down along the vertical direction; be provided with connecting piece (27) between kickboard connecting rod (6) and crossbeam (7), crossbeam (7) middle part sets up first motor (28), first motor (28) have second transmission shaft (29) through the retarder connection, inserting claw (8) rotatable coupling is on connecting piece (27), inserting claw (8) top is provided with first bevel gear (30) after passing connecting piece (27), it is provided with second bevel gear (31) to correspond on second transmission shaft (29), first motor (28) start-up back drives second bevel gear (31) rotation through second transmission shaft (29), and second bevel gear (31) meshing drives first bevel gear (30) and rotates, finally drives and inserts claw (8) along vertical rotary motion.
2. The automatic precise vegetable planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the overall dimension of aperture cave dish is 480mm 280mm, evenly be provided with 162 caves in the aperture cave dish, the top diameter of every cave is 25mm, and the degree of depth is 35mm, and is provided with the through-hole in the bottom.
3. The automatic precise vegetable planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the overall dimension of big hole cave dish is 482mm 326mm, evenly be provided with 24 caves in the big hole cave dish, the top diameter of every cave is 65mm, and the degree of depth is 68mm, and is provided with the through-hole in the bottom.
4. The automatic precise vegetable planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the top of the seedling cup is 63mm, the height of the seedling cup is 55mm, the outer diameter of the seedling cup gradually decreases from the top to the bottom, and a strip-shaped long hole is formed in the lower portion of the seedling cup.
5. The automatic precise vegetable planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the planting floating plate is characterized in that the overall dimension of the planting floating plate is 1892mm × 357mm, 32 holes are formed in the planting floating plate, the diameter of the top of each hole is 99mm, the inner diameter of each hole gradually decreases from the top to the bottom, and the minimum diameter of each bottom small hole is 36mm.
6. The automatic precise vegetable planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the front-back sliding device (10) comprises a second connecting plate (32) arranged on a guide rail (9), the bottom of the second connecting plate (32) is connected to the guide rail (9) through a sliding block, a second motor (33) and a speed reducer are arranged on the second connecting plate (32), a third transmission belt (34) is arranged on the second connecting plate (32) in the front-back direction, a third belt wheel (35) is arranged at an output shaft of the speed reducer of the second motor (33), a tension wheel is arranged on the second connecting plate (32), the second motor (33) drives the third belt wheel (35) to rotate along the third transmission belt (34) to realize the front-back sliding of the second connecting plate (32) relative to the guide rail (9), and finally the front-back moving of the turnover frame (12) is lifted; the turnover device (11) comprises a third servo motor (36) and a third speed reducer (37) which are arranged on a second connecting plate (32), an output shaft of the third speed reducer (37) is connected to the rear end of the lifting turnover frame (12), and the third servo motor (36) is started to control the lifting turnover frame (12) to rotate through the third speed reducer (37).
7. The automatic precise vegetable planting method according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the ground rail (38) is arranged on the ground below the bottom plate (2), the third connecting plate (39) is arranged on the lower surface of the bottom plate (2), the clamping wheels (40) are arranged on two sides of the third connecting plate (39), and the clamping wheels (40) are located on two sides of the ground rail (38) to be positioned and guaranteed to advance along the ground rail (38).
8. The automatic precise vegetable planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step (r), finished vegetable removes to root cutter department through the assembly line and carries out automatic root cutting, root cutter includes the frame, both sides are provided with input conveyer belt (41) and output conveyer belt (42) with kickboard width looks adaptation respectively around the frame, in the kickboard in the assembly line passes through input conveyer belt (41) and gets into the frame, be provided with double-deck chain saw blade (43) and drive double-deck chain saw blade (43) in the frame and do the power unit (44) of the relative cutting motion of relapse, the height of double-deck chain saw blade (43) is less than the lower surface of the kickboard of placing on the conveyer belt, power unit (44) set up on connecting plate (45), connecting plate (45) are connected in the frame through elevating system (46), be provided with vegetable root system recovery unit (47) in the frame of double-deck chain saw blade (43) below.
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