CN112616636A - Rapid floating seedling method for planting traditional Chinese medicine - Google Patents
Rapid floating seedling method for planting traditional Chinese medicine Download PDFInfo
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- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
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- KAATUXNTWXVJKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cypermethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C=C(Cl)Cl)C1C(=O)OC(C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 KAATUXNTWXVJKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
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- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000046146 Pueraria lobata Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010575 Pueraria lobata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- GCPYCNBGGPHOBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Delphinidin Natural products OC1=Cc2c(O)cc(O)cc2OC1=C3C=C(O)C(=O)C(=C3)O GCPYCNBGGPHOBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940069521 aloe extract Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000007242 delphinidin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229940126680 traditional chinese medicines Drugs 0.000 abstract description 6
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- IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-KNBKMWSGSA-N brassinolide Chemical compound C1OC(=O)[C@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@H]2CC[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]21 IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-KNBKMWSGSA-N 0.000 description 10
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting, in particular to a method for quickly floating seedling of planted traditional Chinese medicines, which comprises the following steps: selecting land, building a greenhouse, building a seedling culture pond, paving a bottom membrane, adding pond water, sterilizing the seedling culture tray, preparing a seedling culture substrate and germination accelerating seeds, loading into a tray, sowing and managing the seedling stage. The method has the advantages of lower cost, simple operation, 3-4 months of seedling period, about 13cm of height during seedling formation, regular seedling vigor, more than 92% of seedling formation rate, strong and developed root system of the obtained traditional Chinese medicine seedlings, high transplanting survival rate and high planting yield; the management is unified in the greenhouse, the management efficiency is high, the labor intensity is low, the growth temperature and humidity environment controllability of seedlings in the seedling raising process is good, the fertilizing amount and the fertilizing time are more reasonable, higher-quality seedlings can be raised, the yield of the seedlings is higher, the germination rate of the seeds and the growth of the seedlings are facilitated, the seedlings are neat, and the seedling raising cost can be obviously saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting, in particular to a method for quickly floating seedling of planted traditional Chinese medicines.
Background
The traditional Chinese medicine is an important treasure in China, and plays an important role in preventing and treating various diseases and guaranteeing physical and psychological health of people. For a long time, the traditional Chinese medicine depends on natural picking supply for a long time, and due to the fact that natural resources are almost exhausted and even endangered. The artificial breeding of the traditional Chinese medicine is inevitable, and the traditional Chinese medicine seed seedling raising technology has a plurality of defects. The existing precious traditional Chinese medicine planting method has the following defects: the seedling period occupies long cultivated land time due to the limitation of natural climate conditions; the time for providing the seedlings is centralized, and the seedlings cannot be provided timely; the number of seedlings produced per mu is small; the manual consumption is large; the seed consumption is large, and the germination rate of the seeds sowed in the field is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for quickly floating and growing seedlings by planting traditional Chinese medicines, which aims to solve the problem of more limitation on planting traditional Chinese medicines in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for planting traditional Chinese medicine and quickly floating seedling comprises the following steps:
s1 shed selecting: selecting a courtyard which is wide in periphery, flat in terrain, convenient to transport, close to a water source, free of water pollution, convenient to drain and irrigate and sheltered from wind and exposed to the sun, and building a seedling raising greenhouse with the height of 2.5-3.0m and the length and width of 1.8-2.0m by adopting simple bamboo and wood plastics;
s2, establishing a nursery pond: digging four seedling raising ponds in a grid shape like a Chinese character 'tian', wherein the length and the width of each seedling raising pond are 750-800 cm and the depth is 20-25cm, and a pedestrian channel of 100 plus one 150cm is reserved between every two adjacent seedling raising ponds and at the edge of each two adjacent seedling raising ponds;
s3 spreading a base film, adding pool water: laying a diaphragm with the thickness of 5-10 silks in the seedling raising ponds, pumping pollution-free well water, conveying the well water to each seedling raising pond, adding the self-made liquid fertilizer, and uniformly stirring the mixture until the water depth is not more than two thirds of the depth of the seedling raising pond;
s4 sterilizing the seedling raising tray: spraying a disinfectant on the seedling raising tray, sealing the seedling raising tray for 10 to 15 hours by using a plastic film, and then washing the seedling raising tray clean by using water;
s5, preparing a seedling substrate and a germination accelerating seed: adopting a seedling culture substrate consisting of sawdust, straws, vermiculite, peat soil and expanded perlite, sterilizing the substrate, soaking the seeds in warm water at 18-20 ℃ for 6-8 hours, covering the seeds with gauze, and flushing the seeds with cold water for 2-3 times every day until the seeds germinate;
s6 tray-loading sowing: adding 1-2kg of water into 10-12kg of matrix according to the dryness and humidity of the matrix, fully stirring and finely rubbing the matrix, and loading the matrix into a tray by adopting a twice method, namely filling the matrix into a seedling tray by using a straight wood plate and leveling the matrix, then lightly beating the periphery of the tray for 2-3 times to allow the matrix to sink for 1cm, filling the matrix on the seedling tray by using the wood plate and leveling the matrix, sowing germinating seeds, sowing 1-2 seeds in each pore, then covering a uniform screen of the matrix on the surface of the seedling tray with the planted seeds by using a bamboo screen with the pore diameter of 3-5mm until the seeds are submerged, and immediately putting the seedling tray with the planted seeds into a seedling pool;
s7 seedling management: checking the firmness, temperature, humidity and ventilation in the greenhouse frame regularly, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 15-25 ℃ and the humidity in the greenhouse to be 10-15 in the seedling period, ventilating the greenhouse every noon every day, and replacing the water in the seedling culture pond every 10-15 days; when the emergence rate of the seeds is more than or equal to 30 percent, the nutrient solution is adopted to replace water in the seedling pool, the replacement is carried out once every 15 to 20 days, and thinning and replanting are started when the seedlings grow to 2 cotyledons; when the seedlings grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, spraying a plant growth regulator to keep the growth of the seedling buds; and (4) controlling pests and diseases during seedling raising.
Preferably, the self-made liquid fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of kudzu root extract, 8-10 parts of aloe extract, 1-3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2-4 parts of delphinidin, 3-5 parts of ammonium phosphate and 300 parts of water 200-.
Preferably, in step S1, an environment control device is further disposed in the greenhouse, including a spraying device, an auxiliary heating device, a ventilation device, and a shading device.
Preferably, the disinfectant in step S4 is a 2% sodium hypochlorite solution or a 1% -2% formalin solution or a pure sodium hypochlorite solution or a 0.05% -0.1% potassium permanganate solution.
Preferably, in step S4, the tray for raising seedlings is formed by foaming polystyrene, and has a length × width × height of 660mm × 340mm × 54mm, and the number of cells is 200 cells/tray, and each cell has an upper opening length × width 34mm × 34mm, a lower opening length × 15mm, and a depth of 50 mm.
Preferably, the composition of the nutrient solution in step S7 is: the water per 1L contains the following components: 900-950mg of potassium nitrate, 800-850mg of ammonium nitrate, 200-250mg of calcium chloride, 150-200mg of magnesium sulfate and 70-100mg of monopotassium phosphate.
Preferably, the plant growth regulator in step S7 is a brassin lipid.
Preferably, the concentration of the brassinolide is 50-200ppm, and the spraying frequency is 1-2 times.
Preferably, the step S7 is implemented by spraying carbendazim and cypermethrin during the seedling raising period.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method for quickly floating seedling cultivation of the planted traditional Chinese medicine has the advantages of lower cost, simple operation, 3-4 months of seedling period, about 13cm of height during seedling cultivation, regular seedling vigor, more than 92% of seedling cultivation rate, strong and developed root system of the obtained traditional Chinese medicine seedlings, high transplanting survival rate and high planting yield; the method has the advantages of uniform management in the greenhouse, high management efficiency, lower labor intensity, good controllability of growth temperature and humidity environment of seedlings in the seedling raising process, more reasonable fertilizing amount and fertilizing time, capability of raising seedlings with higher quality, higher seedling yield, contribution to seed germination and seedling growth, high seed germination rate, uniformity of seedlings, obvious seedling raising cost saving, low one-time investment, easy acceptance by planters and the like.
2. According to the method for quickly floating seedling cultivation of the planted traditional Chinese medicine, the added radix puerariae extracting solution and the added aloe extracting solution are extracted from pure natural plants, insect pests can be effectively removed, and monopotassium phosphate, the anti-droppings and ammonium phosphate can supplement various mineral elements in soil for medicine seedling absorption.
3. The method for quickly floating seedling culture of the planted traditional Chinese medicine can promote the growth of the medical seedlings, improve the quality and the yield, and has bright color and thicker leaves by soaking the medical seedlings with brassinolide with proper concentration and spraying the stems and leaves.
4. The method for quickly floating and growing seedlings of the planted traditional Chinese medicine adopts the spraying of the carbendazim and the cypermethrin to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests so as to prevent and control damping off and stem rot, the spraying of the cypermethrin to prevent and control the insect pests such as locusts, crickets and the like, and the spraying times are determined according to the conditions of the plant diseases and insect pests.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
example 1
A method for planting traditional Chinese medicine and quickly floating seedling comprises the following steps:
s1 shed selecting: selecting a courtyard which is wide in periphery, flat in terrain, convenient to transport, close to a water source, free of water pollution, convenient to drain and irrigate and capable of sheltering from wind and exposing to the sun, and building a seedling raising greenhouse with the height of 3m and the length and width of 1.8m by adopting simple bamboo and wood plastics;
s2, establishing a nursery pond: digging four seedling raising ponds in a grid shape, wherein the length and the width of each seedling raising pond are 750cm and the depth is 25cm, and a pedestrian passageway of 150cm is reserved between every two adjacent seedling raising ponds and at the edge of each two adjacent seedling raising ponds;
s3 spreading a base film, adding pool water: laying a diaphragm with the thickness of 8 silks in the seedling raising ponds, extracting pollution-free well water, conveying the well water to each seedling raising pond, adding the self-made liquid fertilizer, and uniformly stirring the mixture, wherein the water depth is not more than two thirds of the depth of the seedling raising pond;
s4 sterilizing the seedling raising tray: spraying a disinfectant on the seedling raising tray, sealing the seedling raising tray for 12 hours by using a plastic film, and then washing the seedling raising tray clean by using water;
s5, preparing a seedling substrate and a germination accelerating seed: adopting a seedling culture substrate consisting of sawdust, straws, vermiculite, peat soil and expanded perlite, disinfecting the substrate, soaking the seeds in warm water at 20 ℃ for 8 hours, covering the seeds with gauze, and flushing the seeds with cold water for 3 times every day until the seeds germinate;
s6 tray-loading sowing: adding 1.5kg of water into every 10kg of matrix according to the dryness and humidity of the matrix, fully stirring and finely rubbing the matrix, and loading the matrix into a tray by adopting a twice method, namely filling the matrix into a seedling tray by using a straight wood plate to be scraped, then lightly beating the periphery of the tray for 2 times to allow the matrix to sink for 1cm, filling the matrix on the seedling tray by using the wood plate to be scraped, sowing germination seeds, sowing 2 seeds in each pore, then covering a uniform sieve of the matrix on the surface of the seedling tray with the planted seeds by using a bamboo sieve with the pore diameter of 5mm until the seeds are submerged, and immediately putting the seedling tray with the planted seeds into a seedling pool;
s7 seedling management: checking the firmness, temperature, humidity and ventilation in the greenhouse frame regularly, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at 20 ℃ and the humidity in the greenhouse at 15 ℃ in the seedling period, ventilating the greenhouse at noon every day, and replacing the water in the seedling culture pond once every 10 days; when the emergence rate of the seeds is more than or equal to 30 percent, the nutrient solution is adopted to replace water in the seedling pool, the replacement is carried out once every 15 days, and thinning and replanting are started when the seedlings grow to 2 cotyledons; when the seedlings grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, spraying a plant growth regulator to keep the growth of the seedling buds; and (4) controlling pests and diseases during seedling raising.
In the embodiment, the self-made liquid fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of kudzu root extracting solution, 10 parts of aloe extracting solution, 2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3 parts of anti-falling substance, 4 parts of ammonium phosphate and 250 parts of water, wherein the added kudzu root extracting solution and the added aloe extracting solution are prepared by extracting pure natural plants, so that insect pests can be effectively removed, and the monopotassium phosphate, the anti-falling substance and the ammonium phosphate can supplement various mineral elements in soil for being absorbed by the seedlings.
It is worth to say that the greenhouse in the step S1 is also provided with environment control equipment, including spraying, auxiliary heating, ventilation and shading equipment, and the disinfectant in the step S4 is 2% sodium hypochlorite solution or 1% -2% formalin solution.
Further, in step S4, the tray for raising seedlings is formed by foaming polystyrene, and has a standard of length × width × height of 660mm × 340mm × 54mm, a number of cells of 200 cells/tray, an upper opening of each cell having a length × width of 34mm × 34mm, a lower opening of 15 × 15mm, and a depth of 50 mm.
The nutrient solution in step S7 consists of: the water per 1L contains the following components: 930mg of potassium nitrate, 840mg of ammonium nitrate, 240mg of calcium chloride, 180mg of magnesium sulfate and 80mg of monopotassium phosphate.
Specifically, in step S7, the plant growth regulator is brassinolide, the concentration of the brassinolide is 100ppm when the brassinolide is sprayed, the spraying frequency is 2 times, and the brassinolide with proper concentration is used for seed soaking and stem and leaf spraying, so that the growth of the seedlings can be promoted, the quality can be improved, the yield can be increased, the color is bright, and the leaves are thicker and more solid.
In addition, in the step S7, the disease and insect pest control is carried out by spraying carbendazim and cypermethrin during the seedling raising period so as to prevent damping off and stem rot, the cypermethrin is sprayed so as to control the insect pests such as locusts, crickets and the like, and the spraying frequency is determined according to the condition of the disease and insect pest.
Example 2
A method for planting traditional Chinese medicine and quickly floating seedling comprises the following steps:
s1 shed selecting: selecting a courtyard which is wide in periphery, flat in terrain, convenient to transport, close to a water source, free of water pollution, convenient to drain and irrigate and capable of sheltering from wind and exposing to the sun, and building a seedling raising greenhouse with the height of 2.5m and the length and width of 2m by adopting simple bamboo and wood plastics;
s2, establishing a nursery pond: digging four seedling raising ponds in a grid shape like a Chinese character 'tian', wherein the length and the width of each seedling raising pond are 800cm and the depth is 25m, and a pedestrian passageway of 150cm is reserved in the middle and the edge of each two adjacent seedling raising ponds;
s3 spreading a base film, adding pool water: laying a diaphragm with the thickness of 5 silks in the seedling raising ponds, extracting pollution-free well water, conveying the well water to each seedling raising pond, adding the self-made liquid fertilizer, and uniformly stirring the mixture, wherein the water depth is not more than two thirds of the depth of the seedling raising pond;
s4 sterilizing the seedling raising tray: spraying a disinfectant on the seedling raising tray, sealing the seedling raising tray for 15 hours by using a plastic film, and then washing the seedling raising tray clean by using water;
s5, preparing a seedling substrate and a germination accelerating seed: adopting a seedling culture substrate consisting of sawdust, straws, vermiculite, peat soil and expanded perlite, disinfecting the substrate, soaking the seeds in warm water at 20 ℃ for 8 hours, covering the seeds with gauze, and flushing the seeds with cold water for 3 times every day until the seeds germinate;
s6 tray-loading sowing: adding 2kg of water into 12kg of matrix according to the dryness and humidity of the matrix, fully stirring and finely rubbing the matrix, loading the matrix into a seedling tray by adopting a twice method, namely filling the matrix into the seedling tray by using a straight wood plate, leveling, lightly beating the periphery of the tray for 3 times, allowing the matrix to sink for 1cm, filling the matrix into the seedling tray by using the wood plate, leveling, sowing germination seeds, sowing 2 seeds in each hole, covering a uniform sieve of the matrix on the surface of the seedling tray with the sown seeds by using a bamboo sieve with the hole diameter of 4mm until the thickness of the seedling tray submerges the seeds, and immediately putting the seedling tray covered with the seeds into a seedling pool;
s7 seedling management: checking the firmness, temperature, humidity and ventilation in the greenhouse frame regularly, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at 25 ℃ and the humidity in the greenhouse at 15 ℃ in the seedling period, ventilating the greenhouse at noon every day, and replacing the water in the seedling culture pond once every 15 days; when the emergence rate of the seeds is more than or equal to 30 percent, the nutrient solution is adopted to replace water in the seedling pool, the replacement is carried out once every 15 days, and thinning and replanting are started when the seedlings grow to 2 cotyledons; when the seedlings grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, spraying a plant growth regulator to keep the growth of the seedling buds; and (4) controlling pests and diseases during seedling raising.
In the embodiment, the self-made liquid fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of kudzu root extracting solution, 8 parts of aloe extracting solution, 3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 4 parts of anti-falling substance, 4 parts of ammonium phosphate and 300 parts of water, wherein the added kudzu root extracting solution and the added aloe extracting solution are prepared by extracting pure natural plants, so that insect pests can be effectively removed, and the monopotassium phosphate, the anti-falling substance and the ammonium phosphate can supplement various mineral elements in soil for being absorbed by the seedlings.
It is worth to say that the greenhouse in the step S1 is also provided with environment control equipment, including spraying, auxiliary heating, ventilation and shading equipment, and the disinfectant in the step S4 is 2% sodium hypochlorite solution or 1% -2% formalin solution.
Further, in step S4, the tray for raising seedlings is formed by foaming polystyrene, and has a standard of length × width × height of 660mm × 340mm × 54mm, a number of cells of 200 cells/tray, an upper opening of each cell having a length × width of 34mm × 34mm, a lower opening of 15 × 15mm, and a depth of 50 mm.
The nutrient solution in step S7 consists of: the water per 1L contains the following components: 900mg of potassium nitrate, 830mg of ammonium nitrate, 250mg of calcium chloride, 200mg of magnesium sulfate and 100mg of monopotassium phosphate.
Specifically, in step S7, the plant growth regulator is brassinolide, the concentration of the brassinolide is 200ppm when the brassinolide is sprayed, the spraying frequency is 1 time, and the brassinolide with proper concentration is used for seed soaking and stem and leaf spraying, so that the growth of the seedlings can be promoted, the quality can be improved, the yield can be increased, the color is bright, and the leaves are thicker and more solid.
In addition, in the step S7, the disease and insect pest control is carried out by spraying carbendazim and cypermethrin during the seedling raising period so as to prevent damping off and stem rot, the cypermethrin is sprayed so as to control the insect pests such as locusts, crickets and the like, and the spraying frequency is determined according to the condition of the disease and insect pest.
The method for planting the traditional Chinese medicine in the two embodiments to quickly float and grow seedlings is compared with the traditional Chinese medicine planting in seedling period, seedling height and survival rate, and the following table shows that:
| comparison of data | Period of seedling/month | Height/cm of seedling | Survival rate/% |
| Example 1 | 3.5-4.6 | 12.25-15.69 | 92.56-96.36 |
| Example 2 | 3.2-4.3 | 13.15-16.12 | 93.45-97.52 |
| Driven by a drive | 7-8 | 7-9 | 60-70 |
The above table shows that the method for quickly floating and growing seedlings of planted traditional Chinese medicines is suitable for breeding traditional Chinese medicines with high requirements on seedling growing conditions including seeds, particularly suitable for rare and precious medicinal materials and varieties with tense seed sources, such as Chinese angelica, pseudo-ginseng, erigeron breviscapus, bulbus fritilariae, scutellaria baicalensis, rhizoma paridis, pinellia ternate, platycodon grandiflorum, tarragon flavum, herba oenoprass, coptis chinensis, saussurea lappa root and the like, and has the advantages of lower cost, simplicity in operation, 3-4 months of seedling period, about 13cm of height during seedling formation, regular seedling formation, more than 92% of seedling formation rate, robust and developed root system of the obtained traditional Chinese medicine seedlings, high transplanting survival rate and high planting; the method has the advantages of uniform management in the greenhouse, high management efficiency, lower labor intensity, good controllability of growth temperature and humidity environment of seedlings in the seedling raising process, more reasonable fertilizing amount and fertilizing time, capability of raising seedlings with higher quality, higher seedling yield, contribution to seed germination and seedling growth, high seed germination rate, uniformity of seedlings, obvious seedling raising cost saving, low one-time investment, easy acceptance by planters and the like.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the above embodiments and the description, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A method for planting traditional Chinese medicine and quickly floating seedling is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1 shed selecting: selecting a courtyard which is wide in periphery, flat in terrain, convenient to transport, close to a water source, free of water pollution, convenient to drain and irrigate and sheltered from wind and exposed to the sun, and building a seedling raising greenhouse with the height of 2.5-3.0m and the length and width of 1.8-2.0m by adopting simple bamboo and wood plastics;
s2, establishing a nursery pond: digging four seedling raising ponds in a grid shape like a Chinese character 'tian', wherein the length and the width of each seedling raising pond are 750-800 cm and the depth is 20-25cm, and a pedestrian channel of 100 plus one 150cm is reserved between every two adjacent seedling raising ponds and at the edge of each two adjacent seedling raising ponds;
s3 spreading a base film, adding pool water: laying a diaphragm with the thickness of 5-10 silks in the seedling raising ponds, pumping pollution-free well water, conveying the well water to each seedling raising pond, adding the self-made liquid fertilizer, and uniformly stirring the mixture until the water depth is not more than two thirds of the depth of the seedling raising pond;
s4 sterilizing the seedling raising tray: spraying a disinfectant on the seedling raising tray, sealing the seedling raising tray for 10 to 15 hours by using a plastic film, and then washing the seedling raising tray clean by using water;
s5, preparing a seedling substrate and a germination accelerating seed: adopting a seedling culture substrate consisting of sawdust, straws, vermiculite, peat soil and expanded perlite, sterilizing the substrate, soaking the seeds in warm water at 18-20 ℃ for 6-8 hours, covering the seeds with gauze, and flushing the seeds with cold water for 2-3 times every day until the seeds germinate;
s6 tray-loading sowing: adding 1-2kg of water into 10-12kg of matrix according to the dryness and humidity of the matrix, fully stirring and finely rubbing the matrix, and loading the matrix into a tray by adopting a twice method, namely filling the matrix into a seedling tray by using a straight wood plate and leveling the matrix, then lightly beating the periphery of the tray for 2-3 times to allow the matrix to sink for 1cm, filling the matrix on the seedling tray by using the wood plate and leveling the matrix, sowing germinating seeds, sowing 1-2 seeds in each pore, then covering a uniform screen of the matrix on the surface of the seedling tray with the planted seeds by using a bamboo screen with the pore diameter of 3-5mm until the seeds are submerged, and immediately putting the seedling tray with the planted seeds into a seedling pool;
s7 seedling management: checking the firmness, temperature, humidity and ventilation in the greenhouse frame regularly, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 15-25 ℃ and the humidity in the greenhouse to be 10-15 in the seedling period, ventilating the greenhouse every noon every day, and replacing the water in the seedling culture pond every 10-15 days; when the emergence rate of the seeds is more than or equal to 30 percent, the nutrient solution is adopted to replace water in the seedling pool, the replacement is carried out once every 15 to 20 days, and thinning and replanting are started when the seedlings grow to 2 cotyledons; when the seedlings grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, spraying a plant growth regulator to keep the growth of the seedling buds; and (4) controlling pests and diseases during seedling raising.
2. The method for planting traditional Chinese medicine and raising seedlings by rapid floating as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the self-made liquid fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of kudzu root extract, 8-10 parts of aloe extract, 1-3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2-4 parts of delphinidin, 3-5 parts of ammonium phosphate and 300 parts of water 200-.
3. The method for planting traditional Chinese medicine and raising seedlings by rapid floating as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and step S1, environment regulation and control equipment including spraying, auxiliary heating, ventilating and shading equipment is further arranged in the greenhouse.
4. The method for planting traditional Chinese medicine and raising seedlings by rapid floating as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the disinfectant in the step S4 is a 2% sodium hypochlorite solution or a 1% -2% formalin solution or a pure sodium hypochlorite solution or a 0.05% -0.1% potassium permanganate solution.
5. The method for planting traditional Chinese medicine and raising seedlings by rapid floating as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the seedling raising tray in the step S4 is formed by polystyrene foaming, the specification length x width x height is 660mm x 340mm x 54mm, the grid number is 200 grids/tray, the upper opening length x width 34mm x 34mm, the lower opening is 15 x 15mm, and the depth is 50 mm.
6. The method for planting traditional Chinese medicine and raising seedlings by rapid floating as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the nutrient solution in step S7 consists of: the water per 1L contains the following components: 900-950mg of potassium nitrate, 800-850mg of ammonium nitrate, 200-250mg of calcium chloride, 150-200mg of magnesium sulfate and 70-100mg of monopotassium phosphate.
7. The method for planting traditional Chinese medicine and raising seedlings by rapid floating as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S7 the plant growth regulator is a brassin lipid.
8. The method for planting traditional Chinese medicine and raising seedlings by rapid floating as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the concentration of spraying brassin lipoid is 50-200ppm, and the spraying times are 1-2 times.
9. The method for planting traditional Chinese medicine and raising seedlings by rapid floating as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the step S7, spraying carbendazim and cypermethrin during seedling raising to prevent and control pests.
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