CN110338018A - A kind of polygerm Paris polyphylla plant division cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of polygerm Paris polyphylla plant division cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110338018A CN110338018A CN201910739501.4A CN201910739501A CN110338018A CN 110338018 A CN110338018 A CN 110338018A CN 201910739501 A CN201910739501 A CN 201910739501A CN 110338018 A CN110338018 A CN 110338018A
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- paris polyphylla
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of polygerm Paris polyphylla plant division cultural methods, comprising the following steps: S1, planting regionalization and planting site select；S2, cropping pattern；S3, transplanting: plantation readjustment of field plot, seedling selection determine transplanting time, plantation specification, implantation methods；S4, field management: reasonable watering, the rational application of fertilizer, tillage and weeding；S5, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；S6, harvesting preliminary working；Using the polygerm paris polyphylla plant division cultural method in the present invention, the defect of " seed seedling-raising ", " stripping and slicing nursery ", " tissue cultivating and seedling " is evaded, party's law technology strong operability easily survives, is quick, can shorten seedling raise period.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, and in particular to a kind of polygerm Paris polyphylla plant division cultural method.
Background technique
Polygerm paris polyphylla is the important anti-inflammation hemostasia Traditional Chinese medicine used as analgesic of China.What Chinese Pharmacopoeia recorded is two mutation: Yunnan weight
Building (paris polyphylla) and paris polyphylla (Hua Chonglou).With the development of China's medicinal career, the medical value of Paris polyphylla is higher and higher,
According to incompletely statistics, Discussion on Chinese Listed drug just has 46 kinds of Chinese patent drugs using Paris polyphylla as raw material (annual consumption Paris polyphylla dry product about 3000
Ton), wherein Yunnan Baiyao group is also the largest user, and general demand is at 1000 tons or so, other pharmaceutical factories, institute of traditional Chinese medicine and the people
Between 2000 tons of demand or more.China produces only 600 tons per year, and market has openings relies primarily on Burma, Nepal, Vietnam's import.
The data that Yunnan Provincial Department of Agriculture in 2018 announces show that Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis is planted up to 15.47 ten thousand mu.But carrying out Yunnan
When Paris polyphylla is planted, seedling fostering survival rate is relatively low, and 8~10 years time is needed from planting to harvesting, makes the scale people of paris polyphylla
Work post plant receives certain restriction.Tengchong local Paris polyphylla kind with polygerm paris polyphylla, Rhizome of Forrest Paris, wrinkle leaf Paris polyphylla, Tengchong Paris polyphylla,
Based on six kinds such as P.polyphylla var.minora, gross weight building, area in 2019 is up to 7000 mu.According to testing result and Tengchong climatic characteristic,
Polygerm paris polyphylla, Rhizome of Forrest Paris, wrinkle leaf Paris polyphylla can be planted in Tengchong most area.To grasp best kind of polygerm paris polyphylla conscientiously
The cultivation management technologies such as the climate and other natural phenomena of a season, density, fertility, disease pest and weed prevention and treatment are planted, agriculture rural area office Chinese medicine is done from seed seedling-raising, stem tuber
Cultivation, division propagation etc. are set about, and find out a whole set of complete planting technology, pass through experiment and demonstration, polygerm Paris polyphylla plant division
Cultural method, technology strong operability easily survive, are quick, can shorten seedling raise period, from now on promote emphasis.
The member of Paris polyphylla family has 28 kinds, 23 kinds of Chinese paris plant type, and " Paris polyphylla " one derives from Ming Dynasty scholar
Lan Mao written " the southern regions of the Yunnan Province book on Chinese herbal medicine " refers to that the plant has an impeller blade, a wheel calyx, two layers totally of meaning.Southwest China is Paris polyphylla
The main distributed area belonged to, Yunnan, South-west Sichuan, northwestern Guizhou and Southeastern Tibet are the major production areas of Paris polyphylla medicinal material, are risen
Punching is also one of Paris polyphylla producing region.Paris polyphylla is used as medicine with dry rhizome, is once largely purchased as official's medicine between the centuries in past, is had clear
Thermal detoxification, swelling and pain relieving, hemostasis, antiasthmatic-antitussive, cool liver arresting convulsion the effect of, for furunculosis carbuncle swells, abscess of throat, venomous snake bite,
Injuries from falls as well controls carbuncle swells, furunculosis, scrofula, sore throat, chronic bronchitis, child convulsion twitch, the diseases such as snakebite and bugbite.With the modern times
The development of science and technology, will also have much can be increasingly developed out by the new drug of raw material of Paris polyphylla.Wherein comprising " Yunnan is white
The famous Chinese patent drug such as medicine ", " Gong Xue Ning ", the excessive use to wild resource are the main originals for causing China's paris plant in imminent danger
Cause.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of polygerm paris polyphylla plant division cultural methods.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of polygerm Paris polyphylla plant division cultural method, comprising the following steps:
S1, planting regionalization and planting site select
S1.1, planting regionalization: 1300~2500m of height above sea level, 13.5~17.5 DEG C of average annual temperature, annual precipitation 1500mm~
1700mm, relative air humidity be 79%~83%, frost-free period 250 days or more；
S1.2, planting site selection
Planting site selects atmosphere, water quality, the free of contamination area of soil；Select irrigation conditions is good, draining is good, not ponding,
In the shade level land or gentle slope, the area plantation of pH value 5.8 ± 0.3, the sandy loam rich in organic matter or volcanic ash soil；For viscous
Property soil or more dead soil, need to carry out soil improvement before plantation；
S2, cropping pattern
Cropping pattern is one of screenhouse, forest interplanting, greenhouse gardening；
S3, transplanting
S3.1, plantation readjustment of field plot: applications of farmyard manure 1000kg mixes compound fertilizer 20kg and makees base fertilizer per acre before plantation, uniformly
It is sprinkling upon in moisture surface, and turns over rake and bury, moisture in the soil wide 1~1.2m when managing moisture in the soil, high 0.3~0.7m and enclose 0.3~0.6m of furrow width at dead furrow, do
It is communicated to ditch ditch, convenient for draining；
S3.2, seedling selection: the diameter for taking the main stem tuber of polygerm paris polyphylla mitogenetic is not less than 0.6cm, more than three fibrous roots of band
Seedling make seedling；
S3.3, transplanting time: transplanting time is 10~July of June 10；Notch plant ash or more than 50% bacterium when planting seedling
After clever wettable powder dips in wound, it is transplanted in ready-made moisture surface；
S3.4, plantation specification: axillary seedling presses seeding row spacing 0.15m × 0.20m transplant planting, and every cave plants 1 plant of seedling, plants per acre
13000 plants；The growing way situation thinning of backsight field, per acre be colonized 10000 plants；
S3.5, implantation methods: moisture surface first is covered with leaf in the moisture surface put in order, plantation polygerm paris polyphylla is unsuitable when planting
It is too deep, root water is irrigated, according to Paris polyphylla Tuber Size, planting depth degree is 3~5cm, and not revealing bud is advisable；
S4, field management
S4.1, rationally watering: watering after transplanting according to soil moisture in due course, and winter, spring 18-22 days sprinkle profoundly water once, protects
Hold relative moisture of the soil 30~40%；
S4.2, the rational application of fertilizer: in winter after aerial part suspend mode, decomposed organic fertilizer 1000kg is applied per acre；Next year 5~7
The moon suitably adds chemical fertilizer, N, P in chemical fertilizer2O5、K2The nutrients ratio of O is 1:0.5:1.2, is applied using cave or ditch spread；The growth of 7~August
The potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliage-spray that animated period mass concentration is 0.1% promotes plant strain growth；
S4.3, tillage and weeding: it is annual to combine intertillage, it is used artificial weeding 3~5 times before emergence with rainy season, accomplishes to see grass
It just removes, does not use chemical herbicide weeding；Gutter is managed, it is ensured that card field surrounding draining is unobstructed, and moisture surface is unable to ponding；
S5, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
S6, harvesting preliminary working
S6.1, harvesting:
It can be harvested within Sexual breed transplantation of seedlings 5~7 years, be harvested after amagaspecies transplantation of seedlings 3~5 years best；Harvesting
Time is November, is excavated after the aerial stem of plant of paris polyphylla is withered；Rhizome is avoided damage to when excavation as far as possible；
S6.2, preliminary working: after the soil, cauline leaf, fibrous root of unearthed paris polyphylla are removed, dryness in the sun or drying are packaged storage
Hiding.
Preferably, in step S1.1, planting regionalization are as follows: 1500~2300m of height above sea level, 14.5~16.5 DEG C of average annual temperature, year
1500~1700mm of precipitation, relative air humidity is 79~83%, frost-free period 260 days or more.It is further preferred that growing area
Divide into: 1600~2200m of height above sea level, 15~16 DEG C of average annual temperature, 1550~1650mm of annual precipitation, relative air humidity 80~
82%, frost-free period 270 days or more.
Therefore, for planting regionalization, the most suitable region: 1600~2200m of height above sea level, 15~16 DEG C of average annual temperature, annual precipitation
1550~1650mm, relative air humidity is 80~82%, frost-free period 270 days or more.
Suitable Area: 1500~1600m of height above sea level, 2200~2300m, 14.5~15 DEG C of average annual temperature, 16~16.5 DEG C, year drop
1500~1550mm of water, 1650~1700mm, relative air humidity 79~80%, 82~83%, 260 days frost-free periods with
On.
Secondary Suitable Area, 1300~1500m of height above sea level, 2300~2500m, 13.5~14.5 DEG C of average annual temperature, 16.5~17.5
DEG C, annual precipitation 1500mm or less, 1700mm or more, relative air humidity is below 79%, 83% or more, and frost-free period 250 days
More than.
In step S2, cropping pattern is one of screenhouse, forest interplanting, greenhouse gardening.
Screenhouse specifically: put up shading shed before sowing or transplanting；On planting base according to 3m × 3m or 4m ×
The concrete stake or timber that the specification insertion diameter of 4m is 0.1~0.12m, build the flat canopy of 1.8m high, and the top of every pile is with dedicated
Twisted wire is connected and is fixed, and is used shade density to cover for 70~85% sunshade net, can be carried out standardization kind in canopy later
It plants；
Forest interplanting specifically: selection shade density 70~85%, mountain base soil be thicker, the gradient is in 25 degree of shrub lands below
Plantation；
Greenhouse gardening specifically: sowing or constructed greenhouse before transplanting: arch span 6m, shoulder height 1.5m, vault is high by 2.5~
2.7m, both ends are left a door unlocked, and arched shed surface, both ends are covered with plastic foil, cover sunshade net again on the plastic film according to light conditions, arch
Warp layer net is put at 0.8~1m in the two sides plastic foil of canopy, is fixed with card slot, the following plastic foil of card slot can be movable, for adjusting
Temperature and humidity and insect prevention.
Preferably, in step S3.5, the leaf is at least one of pine needle, water wax gourd leaf.
Preferably, in step S4.1, watering is using sprinkling irrigation or trickle irrigation.
Preferably, in step S4.3, after winter sprout tumble, sawdust, pine needle are covered in moisture surface, it is possible to reduce next year weeds
Growth.
Preferably, in step S6.2,50~60 DEG C of drying temperature.
In the present invention, when in polygerm Paris polyphylla plant division cultivation to the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage adheres to that " prevention is
The plant protection policy of master, integrated control ", the principle based on cultural control, physical control, biological control, supplemented by chemical prevention.Make
To meet GB4285 with pesticide.The main pest and disease damage of paris polyphylla: virosis has mosaic disease；Bacterial disease spottiness disease, is worn at soft rot
Hole disease etc.；Nosomycosis has root rot, gray mold, black spot, graywall, downy mildew, epidemic disease, rust etc..Insect pest have grub, it is old
Tiger etc..Same ingredient pesticide should not be reused when using pesticide, pesticide be used alternatingly according to related pathologies heterogeneity.
The prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage will be accomplished to prevent in advance, in winter after sprout tumble, to remove plant stem in time, can reduce the biography of pest and disease damage
Dye.The actual conditions reasonable employment that production process will occur according to pest and disease damage.Main diseases and insect pests and recommend control method specifically such as
Shown in lower.
Mosaic disease: mainly occur in high temperature, arid season.Control method are as follows: (1) enhance field management, guarantee that rich water supplies
It answers, avoids high temperature and drought from occurring as far as possible, promote plant strain growth healthy and strong, can reduce morbidity.(2) 1.5% plant is used during falling ill
The sick spirit viral pesticides such as 800 times of liquid or antivirotic are spraying.(3) reinforce nutrition adjustment.(4) diseased plant is cleared up, prevents from intersecting and feel
Dye.
Personal distance area: ZhiBingLing(SIC) >=3d.
Bacterial soft rot: entire growth period can infect.Prevent on 15 days~April of March time 15.Control method
Are as follows: (1) soil need to plough deeply exposure before being colonized, and kill pathogen.(2) pest control avoids insect bite.(3) octicin solution or new is sprayed
200 mg/litre of phytomycin, 1000 times of liquid of Dexon powder or the phonetic 800 times of liquid of copper bacterium ester of 38% evil frost or 50% ambam 600
400~600 times of liquid of~800 times of liquid or 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder or 300 mg/litre of chloramphenicol spray for 7~10 days
1 time, totally 2~3 times, severe one carries out pouring root.(4) seeding stage sprinkling 38% is disliked the phonetic copper bacterium ester of frost and is sprayed by 1000 times of liquid dilutions, and 7 days
Medication 1 time, prevention morbidity.(5) careful as far as possible when weeding, pouring, avoid plant wound.(6) disease plant is removed in time.
(7) rhizomes morbidity can be sterilized with cave liming.
Personal distance area: octicin solution >=7d；New phytomycin >=7d；Fenaminosulf >=7d；Dislike the phonetic copper bacterium ester >=10d of frost；Dai Sen
Ammonium >=7d；Kocide SD >=3d；Chloramphenicol >=7d.
Gray mold: often occur in rain.Prevent time in neat seedling stage (15~May 15 April), seedling stage (May 15 days~10
The moon 15).Control method are as follows: (1) when rainy season set, select 50% iprodione or 20% pyrimethanil to be watered spraying, 5~7 days use
Medicine is primary, is prevented.(2) it is sprayed using 50% iprodione by 1000~1500 times of liquid dilutions when initial, medication in 5 days 1 time；Even
Continuous medication 2 times, it can be effectively controlled the state of an illness.(3) unsuitable excessively high, the rational close planting of planting density.(4) high ridge is planted, and reduces humidity.
(5) diseased plant is cleared up in time, is burned.(6) weeds are removed, ventilation is increased.(7) rainy season covered plastic film on sunshade net reduces
Moisture surface humidity.(8) rainy season reinforces draining.
Personal distance area: iprodione >=14d.
Rust: usually occur in rainy season.Prevent June time~August.Control method are as follows: (1) early stage is added with triazolone
Sprinkling in Mancozeb every 7 days is primary, continuously three times.(2) high ridge is planted, and reduces humidity.(3) diseased plant is cleared up in time, is burned.(4)
Weeds are removed, ventilation is increased.(5) rainy season covered plastic film on sunshade net reduces moisture surface humidity.(6) rainy season reinforces draining.
Personal distance area: triazolone adds Mancozeb >=7d.
Subterranean pest-insect grub, cutworm etc.: it is mainly endangered in paris polyphylla emergence season.Control method are as follows: exist at dusk
Spraying insecticide is prevented and treated in moisture surface.The serious plot of the pests such as grub should spread fertilizer over the fields phoxim, enemy hundred according to its life habit
The residual insecticide of the low agriculture of the low toxicity such as worm is handled.
Ground pest aphid, flea beetle etc.: it is mainly in for 5~July.Control method are as follows: come into bloom in flower portion spraying insecticide；
(2) cleaning insect pest strain in time, is burned；(3) insect-sticking plate is hung.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Polygerm Paris polyphylla plant division cultural method of the present invention, one is it is impure to have evaded " seed seedling-raising " parent material, when seedling
Between long (3-4) defect.Two have evaded " stripping and slicing nursery " consumption finished product medicinal material, the defect of territory restriction.Three can evade " tissue
Cultivate nursery " at high cost, the defect of seedling time long (2-3).
Using polygerm paris polyphylla plant division cultural method, " seed seedling-raising ", " stripping and slicing nursery ", " tissue cultivating and seedling " are evaded
Defect, party's law technology strong operability easily survives, is quick, can shorten seedling raise period.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
It obtains other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the picture of the first-class polygerm paris polyphylla obtained after excavating；
Fig. 2 is the picture of the second-class polygerm paris polyphylla obtained after excavating；
Fig. 3 is the picture of the third polygerm paris polyphylla obtained after excavating；
Fig. 4 is that the polygerm paris polyphylla before harvesting in planting base grows picture.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention,
Technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is the present invention one
Divide embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making
Every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention under the premise of creative work.
In the following embodiments, select Tengchong city, Yunnan Province to jump over kind that polygerm paris polyphylla cultivates as plant division, should
Variety Disease-resistance ability is strong, growth and breeding speed is fast (vegetative propagation carried out by parent bud head plant division), yield is high, by multiple
Detect pharmaceutical ingredient content more than 2015 editions standards of pharmacopoeia.
Polygerm paris polyphylla seedling requirement of jumping over is as shown in table 1:
Table 1 is jumped over polygerm paris polyphylla seedling requirement
Embodiment 1:
Polygerm Paris polyphylla plant division cultural method, comprising the following steps:
S1, planting regionalization and planting site select
S1.1, planting regionalization: 1600~2200m of height above sea level, 15~16 DEG C of average annual temperature, 1550~1650mm of annual precipitation,
Relative air humidity is 80~82%, frost-free period 270 days or more.
S1.2, planting site selection
Planting site selects atmosphere, water quality, the free of contamination area of soil；Select irrigation conditions is good, draining is good, not ponding,
In the shade level land or gentle slope, the area plantation of pH value 5.8 ± 0.3, the sandy loam rich in organic matter or volcanic ash soil.
S2, cropping pattern
Cropping pattern is screenhouse.Screenhouse specifically: put up shading shed before sowing or transplanting；In planting base
On according to 3m × 3m or 4m × 4m specification insertion diameter be 0.1~0.12m concrete stake or timber, build the flat canopy of 1.8m high,
The top of every pile is connected and is fixed with dedicated twisted wire, is used shade density to cover for 70~85% sunshade net, later can
Standardized planting is carried out in canopy.
S3, transplanting
S3.1, plantation readjustment of field plot: applications of farmyard manure 1000kg mixes compound fertilizer 20kg and makees base fertilizer per acre before plantation, uniformly
It is sprinkling upon in moisture surface, and turns over rake and bury, moisture in the soil wide 1~1.2m when managing moisture in the soil, high 0.3~0.7m and enclose 0.3~0.6m of furrow width at dead furrow, do
It is communicated to ditch ditch, convenient for draining.
S3.2, seedling selection: the diameter for taking the main stem tuber of polygerm paris polyphylla mitogenetic is not less than 0.6cm, more than three fibrous roots of band
Seedling make seedling.
S3.3, transplanting time: transplanting time is 20~June of June 30；Notch plant ash or more than 50% bacterium when planting seedling
After clever wettable powder dips in wound, it is transplanted in ready-made moisture surface.
S3.4, plantation specification: axillary seedling presses seeding row spacing 0.15m × 0.20m transplant planting, and every cave plants 1 plant of seedling, plants per acre
13000 plants；The growing way situation thinning of backsight field, per acre be colonized 10000 plants.
S3.5, implantation methods: it first uses the leaves such as pine needle, water wax gourd leaf to cover moisture surface in the moisture surface put in order, plants more
Bud paris polyphylla should not be too deep when planting, and irrigates root water, and according to Paris polyphylla Tuber Size, planting depth degree is 3~5cm, does not reveal bud
It is advisable.
S4, field management
S4.1, rationally watering: watering after transplanting according to soil moisture in due course, and winter, spring 18-22 days sprinkle profoundly water once, protects
Hold relative moisture of the soil 30~40%.
S4.2, the rational application of fertilizer: in winter after aerial part suspend mode, decomposed organic fertilizer 1000kg is applied per acre；Next year 5~7
The moon suitably adds chemical fertilizer, N, P in chemical fertilizer2O5、K2The nutrients ratio of O is 1:0.5:1.2, is applied using cave or ditch spread；The growth of 7~August
The potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliage-spray that animated period mass concentration is 0.1% promotes plant strain growth.
S4.3, tillage and weeding: it is annual to combine intertillage, it is used artificial weeding 3~5 times before emergence with rainy season, accomplishes to see grass
It just removes, does not use chemical herbicide weeding；Gutter is managed, it is ensured that card field surrounding draining is unobstructed, and moisture surface is unable to ponding.Winter
After sprout tumble, sawdust, pine needle are covered in moisture surface, it is possible to reduce the growth of next year weeds.
S5, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
S6, harvesting preliminary working
S6.1, harvesting:
It can be harvested within Sexual breed transplantation of seedlings 5~7 years, be harvested after amagaspecies transplantation of seedlings 3~5 years best；Harvesting
Time is November, is excavated after the aerial stem of plant of paris polyphylla is withered；Rhizome is avoided damage to when excavation as far as possible.
S6.2, preliminary working: after the soil, cauline leaf, fibrous root of unearthed paris polyphylla are removed, dryness in the sun is packaged storage.
Embodiment 2:
Polygerm Paris polyphylla plant division cultural method, comprising the following steps:
S1, planting regionalization and planting site select
S1.1, planting regionalization: 1500~1600m of height above sea level, 16~16.5 DEG C of average annual temperature, annual precipitation 1500~
1550mm, relative air humidity is 82~83%, frost-free period 260 days or more.
S1.2, planting site selection
Planting site selects atmosphere, water quality, the free of contamination area of soil；Select irrigation conditions is good, draining is good, not ponding,
In the shade level land or gentle slope, the area plantation of pH value 5.8 ± 0.3, the sandy loam rich in organic matter or volcanic ash soil.
S2, cropping pattern
Cropping pattern is greenhouse gardening, greenhouse gardening specifically: preceding constructed greenhouse: arch span 6m, shoulder height is transplanted in sowing
1.5m, the high 2.5~2.7m of vault, both ends are left a door unlocked, and arched shed surface, both ends are covered with plastic foil, according to light conditions in plastic foil
On cover sunshade net again, put warp layer net at 0.8~1m in the two sides plastic foil of arched shed, fixed with card slot, the following plastics of card slot
Film can be movable, for adjusting temperature and humidity and insect prevention.
S3, transplanting
S3.1, plantation readjustment of field plot: applications of farmyard manure 1000kg mixes compound fertilizer 20kg and makees base fertilizer per acre before plantation, uniformly
It is sprinkling upon in moisture surface, and turns over rake and bury, moisture in the soil wide 1~1.2m when managing moisture in the soil, high 0.3~0.7m and enclose 0.3~0.6m of furrow width at dead furrow, do
It is communicated to ditch ditch, convenient for draining.
S3.2, seedling selection: the diameter for taking the main stem tuber of polygerm paris polyphylla mitogenetic is not less than 0.6cm, more than three fibrous roots of band
Seedling make seedling.
S3.3, transplanting time: transplanting time is 10~June of June 20；Notch plant ash or more than 50% bacterium when planting seedling
After clever wettable powder dips in wound, it is transplanted in ready-made moisture surface.
S3.4, plantation specification: axillary seedling presses seeding row spacing 0.15m × 0.20m transplant planting, and every cave plants 1 plant of seedling, plants per acre
13000 plants；The growing way situation thinning of backsight field, per acre be colonized 10000 plants.
S3.5, implantation methods: it first uses the leaves such as pine needle, water wax gourd leaf to cover moisture surface in the moisture surface put in order, plants more
Bud paris polyphylla should not be too deep when planting, and irrigates root water, and according to Paris polyphylla Tuber Size, planting depth degree is 3~5cm, does not reveal bud
It is advisable.
S4, field management
S4.1, rationally watering: watering after transplanting according to soil moisture in due course, and winter, spring 18-22 days sprinkle profoundly water once, protects
Hold relative moisture of the soil 30~40%.Sprinkling irrigation can be used when watering.
S4.2, the rational application of fertilizer: in winter after aerial part suspend mode, decomposed organic fertilizer 1000kg is applied per acre；Next year 5~7
The moon suitably adds chemical fertilizer, N, P in chemical fertilizer2O5、K2The nutrients ratio of O is 1:0.5:1.2, is applied using cave or ditch spread；The growth of 7~August
The potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliage-spray that animated period mass concentration is 0.1% promotes plant strain growth.
S4.3, tillage and weeding: it is annual to combine intertillage, it is used artificial weeding 3~5 times before emergence with rainy season, accomplishes to see grass
It just removes, does not use chemical herbicide weeding；Gutter is managed, it is ensured that card field surrounding draining is unobstructed, and moisture surface is unable to ponding.Winter
After sprout tumble, sawdust, pine needle are covered in moisture surface, it is possible to reduce the growth of next year weeds.
S5, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
S6, harvesting preliminary working
S6.1, harvesting:
It can be harvested within Sexual breed transplantation of seedlings 5~7 years, be harvested after amagaspecies transplantation of seedlings 3~5 years best；Harvesting
Time is November, is excavated after the aerial stem of plant of paris polyphylla is withered；Rhizome is avoided damage to when excavation as far as possible.
S6.2, preliminary working: after the soil, cauline leaf, fibrous root of unearthed paris polyphylla are removed, drying, 50~60 DEG C of drying temperature,
It is packaged storage.
Embodiment 3:
Polygerm Paris polyphylla plant division cultural method, comprising the following steps:
S1, planting regionalization and planting site select
S1.1, planting regionalization: 2300~2500m of height above sea level, 13.5~14.5 DEG C of average annual temperature, annual precipitation 1700mm with
On, relative air humidity is 83% or more, frost-free period 250 days or more.
S1.2, planting site selection
Planting site selects atmosphere, water quality, the free of contamination area of soil；Select irrigation conditions is good, draining is good, not ponding,
In the shade level land or gentle slope, the area plantation of pH value 5.8 ± 0.3, the sandy loam rich in organic matter or volcanic ash soil.
S2, cropping pattern
Cropping pattern is forest interplanting.Forest interplanting specifically: selection shade density 70~85%, mountain base soil be thicker, the gradient
In 25 degree of shrub land plantations below.
S3, transplanting
S3.1, plantation readjustment of field plot: applications of farmyard manure 1000kg mixes compound fertilizer 20kg and makees base fertilizer per acre before plantation, uniformly
It is sprinkling upon in moisture surface, and turns over rake and bury, moisture in the soil wide 1~1.2m when managing moisture in the soil, high 0.3~0.7m and enclose 0.3~0.6m of furrow width at dead furrow, do
It is communicated to ditch ditch, convenient for draining.
S3.2, seedling selection: the diameter for taking the main stem tuber of polygerm paris polyphylla mitogenetic is not less than 0.6cm, more than three fibrous roots of band
Seedling make seedling.
S3.3, transplanting time: transplanting time is 10~July of June 10；Notch plant ash or more than 50% bacterium when planting seedling
After clever wettable powder dips in wound, it is transplanted in ready-made moisture surface.
S3.4, plantation specification: axillary seedling presses seeding row spacing 0.15m × 0.20m transplant planting, and every cave plants 1 plant of seedling, plants per acre
13000 plants；The growing way situation thinning of backsight field, per acre be colonized 10000 plants.
S3.5, implantation methods: it first uses the leaves such as pine needle, water wax gourd leaf to cover moisture surface in the moisture surface put in order, plants more
Bud paris polyphylla should not be too deep when planting, and irrigates root water, and according to Paris polyphylla Tuber Size, planting depth degree is 3~5cm, does not reveal bud
It is advisable.
S4, field management
S4.1, rationally watering: watering after transplanting according to soil moisture in due course, and winter, spring 18-22 days sprinkle profoundly water once, protects
Hold relative moisture of the soil 30~40%.
S4.2, the rational application of fertilizer: in winter after aerial part suspend mode, decomposed organic fertilizer 1000kg is applied per acre；Next year 5~7
The moon suitably adds chemical fertilizer, N, P in chemical fertilizer2O5、K2The nutrients ratio of O is 1:0.5:1.2, is applied using cave or ditch spread；The growth of 7~August
The potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliage-spray that animated period mass concentration is 0.1% promotes plant strain growth.
S4.3, tillage and weeding: it is annual to combine intertillage, it is used artificial weeding 3~5 times before emergence with rainy season, accomplishes to see grass
It just removes, does not use chemical herbicide weeding；Gutter is managed, it is ensured that card field surrounding draining is unobstructed, and moisture surface is unable to ponding.Winter
After sprout tumble, sawdust, pine needle are covered in moisture surface, it is possible to reduce the growth of next year weeds.
S5, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
S6, harvesting preliminary working
S6.1, harvesting:
It can be harvested within Sexual breed transplantation of seedlings 5~7 years, be harvested after amagaspecies transplantation of seedlings 3~5 years best；Harvesting
Time is November, is excavated after the aerial stem of plant of paris polyphylla is withered；Rhizome is avoided damage to when excavation as far as possible.
S6.2, preliminary working: after the soil, cauline leaf, fibrous root of unearthed paris polyphylla are removed, dryness in the sun is packaged storage.
1, the paris polyphylla that the present invention obtains cultivation, quality requirement specifically:
(1) appearance requirement: from the appearance point of view, with sturdy, solid, section is white, the sufficient person of mealiness is preferred.
Obtained first-class polygerm paris polyphylla after wherein excavating as shown in Figure 1, second-class polygerm paris polyphylla as shown in Fig. 2, third
Polygerm paris polyphylla is as shown in Figure 3.
(2) paris polyphylla standard: paris polyphylla classification: Paris polyphylla specification grade divides as shown in table 2.
2 polygerm paris polyphylla specification grade of table divides
(3) paris polyphylla safety: safety, nuisance index are held by Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China version regulation in 2015
Row.
(4) it content index: from component content, is executed by 2015 years version regulations of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.
2, the chonglou saponin content in polygerm paris polyphylla is detected
The a certain planting base in Tengchong In Yunnan Province city carries out the cultivation of polygerm paris polyphylla, planting matrix according to the method in embodiment 1
Polygerm paris polyphylla before harvesting in ground is as shown in Figure 4.It will harvest and carry out Paris polyphylla soap by the polygerm paris polyphylla that preliminary working obtains
Glycosides content detection, specific testing result are as shown in table 3.
Table 3:
| Detection project | Testing result |
| Rhizoma paridis saponin I content | 1.011% |
| Chonglou saponin Ⅱ content | 1.002% |
| Polyphyllin Ⅵ content | ND |
| VII content of chonglou saponin | 0.394% |
| Chonglou saponin PA content | 0.043% |
| Chonglou saponin H content | 0.171% |
| Dioscin content | 1.091% |
| Gracillin content | 0.076% |
| Chonglou saponin V content | ND |
As shown in Table 3, the chonglou saponin content in the polygerm paris polyphylla cultivated using the method for the present invention is high, medicinal valence
Value is high.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although with reference to the foregoing embodiments
Invention is explained in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still can be to aforementioned each implementation
Technical solution documented by example is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And these modification or
Replacement, the spirit and scope for technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of polygerm Paris polyphylla plant division cultural method, which comprises the following steps:
S1, planting regionalization and planting site select
S1.1, planting regionalization: 1300~2500m of height above sea level, 13.5~17.5 DEG C of average annual temperature, annual precipitation 1500mm~
1700mm, relative air humidity be 79%~83%, frost-free period 250 days or more；
S1.2, planting site selection
Planting site selects atmosphere, water quality, the free of contamination area of soil；Select that irrigation conditions is good, draining is good, not ponding, in the shade
Level land or gentle slope, the area plantation of pH value 5.8 ± 0.3, sandy loam rich in organic matter or volcanic ash soil；
S2, cropping pattern
Cropping pattern is one of screenhouse, forest interplanting, greenhouse gardening；
S3, transplanting
S3.1, plantation readjustment of field plot: applications of farmyard manure 1000kg mixes compound fertilizer 20kg and makees base fertilizer per acre before plantation, is uniformly sprinkling upon
It in moisture surface, and turns over rake and buries, moisture in the soil wide 1~1.2m when managing moisture in the soil, high 0.3~0.7m and enclose 0.3~0.6m of furrow width at dead furrow, accomplish ditch
Ditch communicates, convenient for draining；
S3.2, seedling selection: the diameter for taking the main stem tuber of polygerm paris polyphylla mitogenetic is not less than childrens more than three 0.6cm, band fibrous roots
Seedling makees seedling；
S3.3, transplanting time: transplanting time is 10~July of June 10；Notch plant ash or 50% carbendazim can when planting seedling
After wet powder dips in wound, it is transplanted in ready-made moisture surface；
S3.4, plantation specification: axillary seedling presses seeding row spacing 0.15m × 0.20m transplant planting, and every cave plants 1 plant of seedling, plants 13000 per acre
Strain；The growing way situation thinning of backsight field, per acre be colonized 10000 plants；
S3.5, implantation methods: moisture surface first is covered with leaf in the moisture surface put in order, plantation polygerm paris polyphylla should not be too when planting
It is deep, root water is irrigated, according to Paris polyphylla Tuber Size, planting depth degree is 3~5cm, and not revealing bud is advisable；
S4, field management
S4.1, rationally watering: watering after transplanting according to soil moisture in due course, and winter, spring 18-22 days sprinkle profoundly water once, keeps soil
Earth relative humidity 30~40%；
S4.2, the rational application of fertilizer: in winter after aerial part suspend mode, decomposed organic fertilizer 1000kg is applied per acre；5~July of next year is suitable
When adding chemical fertilizer, N, P in chemical fertilizer2O5、K2The nutrients ratio of O is 1:0.5:1.2, is applied using cave or ditch spread；The growth of 7~August is vigorous
The potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliage-spray that phase mass concentration is 0.1% promotes plant strain growth；
S4.3, tillage and weeding: it is annual to combine intertillage, it is used artificial weeding 3~5 times before emergence with rainy season, accomplishes to see that grass just removes,
Without using chemical herbicide weeding；Gutter is managed, it is ensured that card field surrounding draining is unobstructed, and moisture surface is unable to ponding；
S5, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
S6, harvesting preliminary working
S6.1, harvesting:
It can be harvested within Sexual breed transplantation of seedlings 5~7 years, be harvested after amagaspecies transplantation of seedlings 3~5 years best；Collecting time
For November, excavated after the aerial stem of plant of paris polyphylla is withered；Rhizome is avoided damage to when excavation as far as possible；
S6.2, preliminary working: after the soil, cauline leaf, fibrous root of unearthed paris polyphylla are removed, dryness in the sun or drying are packaged storage.
2. polygerm Paris polyphylla plant division cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S1.1, planting regionalization
Are as follows: 1500~2300m of height above sea level, 14.5~16.5 DEG C of average annual temperature, 1500~1700mm of annual precipitation, relative air humidity is 79
~83%, frost-free period 260 days or more.
3. polygerm Paris polyphylla plant division cultural method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that planting regionalization are as follows: height above sea level 1600
~2200m, 15~16 DEG C of average annual temperature, 1550~1650mm of annual precipitation, relative air humidity is 80~82%, frost-free period
270 days or more.
4. polygerm Paris polyphylla plant division cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S2, screenhouse tool
Body are as follows: put up shading shed before sowing or transplanting；It is according to the specification insertion diameter of 3m × 3m or 4m × 4m on planting base
The concrete stake or timber of 0.1~0.12m builds the flat canopy of 1.8m high, and the top of every pile is connected and fixed with dedicated twisted wire, uses
The sunshade net that shade density is 70~85% covers, and can carry out standardized planting in canopy later；
Forest interplanting specifically: selection shade density 70~85%, mountain base soil be thicker, the gradient is in 25 degree of shrub land kinds below
It plants；
Greenhouse gardening specifically: sowing or constructed greenhouse before transplanting: arch span 6m, shoulder height 1.5m, vault high 2.5~2.7m, two
End is left a door unlocked, and arched shed surface, both ends are covered with plastic foil, covers sunshade net again on the plastic film according to light conditions, and the two of arched shed
Warp layer net is put in the plastic foil of side at 0.8~1m, is fixed with card slot, the following plastic foil of card slot can be movable, for adjusting temperature and humidity
And insect prevention.
5. polygerm Paris polyphylla plant division cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S3.5, the leaf
For at least one of pine needle, water wax gourd leaf.
6. polygerm Paris polyphylla plant division cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S4.1, watering is used
Sprinkling irrigation or trickle irrigation.
7. polygerm Paris polyphylla plant division cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S4.3, winter sprout tumble
Afterwards, sawdust, pine needle are covered in moisture surface, it is possible to reduce the growth of next year weeds.
8. polygerm Paris polyphylla plant division cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S6.2, drying temperature
50~60 DEG C.
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| CN112913608A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-08 | 毕节市中药研究所 | Paris polyphylla wild-imitating cultivation method and Paris polyphylla wild-imitating cultivation equipment |
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