CN110338018B - Multi-bud paris polyphylla division cultivation method - Google Patents
Multi-bud paris polyphylla division cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-bud paris polyphylla division cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting a planting division and a planting land; s2, planting mode; s3, transplanting: arranging the planting land, selecting seedlings, and determining transplanting time, planting specification and planting method; s4, field management: reasonable watering, reasonable fertilization, intertillage and weeding; s5, pest control; s6, harvesting and primarily processing; the method for cultivating the paris polyphylla by dividing the plants avoids the defects of seed seedling, cutting seedling and tissue culture seedling, has strong technical operability, is easy to survive and takes effect quickly, and can shorten the seedling cultivation time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a multi-bud paris polyphylla division cultivation method.
Background
The paris polyphylla is an important Chinese traditional medicine for diminishing inflammation, stopping bleeding and relieving pain. The Chinese pharmacopoeia collects two varieties: yunnan rhizoma paridis (Yunnan rhizoma paridis) and rhizoma paridis (Hua rhizoma paridis). With the development of the pharmaceutical industry of China, the medicinal value of the paris polyphylla is higher and higher, according to incomplete statistics, 46 Chinese medicines on the market take the paris polyphylla as a raw material (about 3000 tons of dry paris polyphylla are consumed every year), wherein the Yunnan white drug group is the largest user, the demand is about 1000 tons approximately, and other pharmaceutical factories, traditional Chinese medicine hospitals and folks need more than 2000 tons. The annual output of China is only 600 tons, and the market gap mainly depends on Burma, Nipol and Vietnam import.
Data published in the rural hall of Yunnan province in 2018 show that the planting rate of the paris polyphylla in Yunnan reaches 15.47 ten thousand mu. However, when the paris polyphylla is planted, the survival rate of seedling cultivation is low, and 8-10 years are needed from planting to harvesting, so that the large-scale artificial planting of the paris polyphylla is limited to a certain extent. The local paris polyphylla Tengchong variety is mainly six varieties of paris polyphylla Tengchong, paris polyphylla Long-column, paris polyphylla wrinkled-leaf, paris polyphylla Tengchong, paris polyphylla black-seed, paris polyphylla and the like, and the area of 2019 reaches 7000 mu. According to the detection result and the characteristics of Tengchong climate, the Yunnan manyleaf Paris rhizome, the long-column manyleaf Paris rhizome and the wrinkled-leaf manyleaf Paris rhizome can be planted in most Tengchong areas. In order to really master the best planting management technologies of the Yunnan manyleaf paris rhizome, such as best planting cost saving, density, fertility, disease, pest and weed control and the like, the traditional Chinese medicines in the agricultural and rural bureau start from the aspects of seed seedling culture, tuber cultivation, division propagation and the like, a whole set of complete planting technology is explored, and through experimental demonstration, the division planting method of the Yunnan manyleaf paris rhizome has strong technical operability, easy survival and quick effect, can shorten the seedling culture time, and is mainly popularized in the future.
There are 28 kinds of Paris polyphylla family members, 23 kinds of Chinese Paris genus plants, and the 'Paris polyphylla' is originated from Yunnan materia Medica of Ming dynasty scholars Maolang, which means that the plant has two layers of one round of leaves and one round of calyx. Southwest of China is the main distribution area of Paris, southwest of Yunnan, Sichuan, northwest of Guizhou and southeast of Tibet are the main production areas of Paris, and Tengchong is also one of the production areas of Paris. Rhizoma paridis is prepared from dried rhizome, has been purchased as an official drug in the past hundreds of years, has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, relieving swelling and pain, stopping bleeding, relieving asthma and cough, and cooling liver to arrest convulsion, and is used for treating furuncle, carbuncle, swelling and pain of throat, venomous snake bite, traumatic injury, carbuncle, furuncle, scrofula, pharyngitis, chronic tracheitis, infantile convulsion, snake and insect bite. With the development of modern science and technology, many new medicines taking the paris polyphylla as a raw material are continuously developed. The Chinese patent medicine comprises famous Chinese patent medicines such as Yunnan Baiyao and Gongxuening, and the like, and the over utilization of wild resources is the main reason causing the endangered paris polyphylla plants in China.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for cultivating Yunnan manyleaf Paris rhizome by plants.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a multi-bud Paris polyphylla division cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting planting division and planting land
S1.1, planting and zoning: the altitude is 1300-2500 m, the annual average temperature is 13.5-17.5 ℃, the annual precipitation is 1500-1700 mm, the air relative humidity is 79-83%, and the frost-free period is more than 250 days;
s1.2, selecting a planting field
Selecting areas with no pollution to atmosphere, water quality and soil in the planting field; selecting flat ground or gentle slope with good irrigation condition, good drainage, no water accumulation and shady back, and planting in sandy soil or volcanic ash soil with pH value of 5.8 +/-0.3 and rich in organic matters; for cohesive soil or relatively barren soil, soil improvement is needed before planting;
s2 planting mode
The planting mode is one of planting in a pergola, interplanting under the forest and planting in a greenhouse;
s3, transplanting
S3.1, arranging the planting land blocks: before planting, applying 1000kg of farmyard manure per mu and mixing with 20kg of compound fertilizer to serve as base fertilizer, uniformly spreading on a moisture surface, turning and raking the soil, wherein the moisture width is 1-1.2 m, the height is 0.3-0.7 m, and the width of a furrow and a surrounding furrow is 0.3-0.6 m, so that the furrows are communicated and drainage is facilitated;
s3.2, selecting seedlings: taking seedlings with diameter of not less than 0.6cm and more than three fibrous roots of main tuber of Yunnan Paris polyphylla as seedlings;
s3.3, transplanting time: the transplanting time is 6 months and 10 days to 7 months and 10 days; when planting seedlings, the cut is dipped in plant ash or 50% carbendazim wettable powder and transplanted on the prepared moist soil surface;
s3.4, planting specification: transplanting and planting the separate seedlings according to the row spacing of 0.15m multiplied by 0.20m, planting 1 seedling in each hole, and planting 13000 seedlings in each mu; then, 10000 plants are planted in each mu according to the growth condition of the field;
s3.5, planting method: covering the finished dead surface with leaves, wherein the depth of planted paris polyphylla is 3-5 cm according to the size of paris polyphylla tubers, and the buds are not exposed;
s4, field management
S4.1, reasonably watering: watering at proper time according to the soil humidity after transplanting, watering thoroughly 18-22 days in winter and spring, and keeping the relative soil humidity at 30-40%;
s4.2, reasonably fertilizing: applying 1000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu after the overground part of the soil is dormant in winter; applying N, P fertilizer in the next 5-7 months2O5、K2The nutrient proportion of O is 1: 0.5: 1.2, hole application or furrow application is adopted; in the vigorous growth period of 7-8 months, monopotassium phosphate with the mass concentration of 0.1% is sprayed on the leaves to promote the growth of plants;
s4.3, intertillage weeding: intertillage is combined every year, artificial weeding is carried out for 3-5 times before emergence of seedlings and in rainy seasons, removal is carried out when weeds are seen, and chemical herbicides are not used for weeding; the drainage ditch is arranged, so that smooth drainage around the field is ensured, and water cannot be accumulated on the soil moisture surface;
s5, pest control;
s6, harvesting and primary processing
S6.1, harvesting:
harvesting the sexual propagation seedlings after 5-7 years of transplantation, and harvesting the asexual propagation seedlings after 3-5 years of transplantation; the harvesting time is 11 months, and the Yunnan manyleaf Paris rhizome is harvested after withering; during digging, rootstock damage is avoided as much as possible;
s6.2, primary processing: removing soil, stem and leaf, and fibrous root of Yunnan rhizoma paridis, air drying or oven drying, and packaging for storage.
Preferably, in step S1.1, the planting area is: the altitude is 1500-2300 m, the annual average temperature is 14.5-16.5 ℃, the annual precipitation is 1500-1700 mm, the air relative humidity is 79-83%, and the frost-free period is more than 260 days. Further preferably, the planting area is divided into: the altitude is 1600-2200 m, the annual average temperature is 15-16 ℃, the annual precipitation amount is 1550-1650 mm, the air relative humidity is 80-82%, and the frost-free period is more than 270 days.
Thus, for the planting zone, the optimum zone: the altitude is 1600-2200 m, the annual average temperature is 15-16 ℃, the annual precipitation amount is 1550-1650 mm, the air relative humidity is 80-82%, and the frost-free period is more than 270 days.
A suitable area: the altitude is 1500-1600 m, the temperature is 2200-2300 m, the annual average temperature is 14.5-15 ℃, the temperature is 16-16.5 ℃, the annual precipitation is 1500-1550 mm and 1650-1700 mm, the relative humidity of air is 79-80 percent and 82-83 percent, and the frost-free period is more than 260 days.
The secondary suitable area has the altitude of 1300-1500 m and 2300-2500 m, the annual average temperature of 13.5-14.5 ℃, the annual precipitation of more than 16.5-17.5 ℃, the annual precipitation of more than 1700mm and less than 1500 percent, the relative air humidity of more than 83 percent and less than 79 percent, and the frost-free period of more than 250 days.
In step S2, the planting mode is one of pergola planting, under-forest interplanting, and greenhouse planting.
The planting in the pergola specifically comprises the following steps: building a shading shed before sowing or transplanting; inserting cement piles or timber piles with the diameter of 0.1-0.12 m into the planting foundation according to the specification of 3m multiplied by 3m or 4m multiplied by 4m, building a flat shed with the height of 1.8m, connecting and fixing the top of each pile by using a special stranded wire, covering the shed by using a sunshade net with the shading degree of 70-85%, and then carrying out standardized planting in the shed;
the under-forest interplanting method specifically comprises the following steps: selecting shrub forest land with shading degree of 70-85%, thicker mountain base soil and gradient below 25 ℃ for planting;
the greenhouse planting specifically comprises the following steps: building a greenhouse before sowing or transplanting: the arch width is 6m, the shoulder height is 1.5m, the arch top height is 2.5-2.7 m, doors are reserved at two ends, the surface and two ends of the arch shed are covered by plastic films, sun shading nets are covered on the plastic films according to the illumination condition, a layer of gauze is placed at the position of 0.8-1 m in the plastic films at two sides of the arch shed and is fixed by clamping grooves, and the plastic films below the clamping grooves can move and are used for adjusting the temperature and humidity and preventing insects.
Preferably, in step S3.5, the leaves are at least one of pine needles and leaves of the water white gourd.
Preferably, in step S4.1, the watering is by sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation.
Preferably, in the step S4.3, after the seedlings are poured in winter, the soil moisture surface is covered with wood chips and pine needles, so that the breeding of weeds in the next year can be reduced.
Preferably, in the step S6.2, the drying temperature is 50-60 ℃.
In the invention, when the multi-bud rhizoma paridis is cultivated in a plant division manner, the pest control insists on the plant protection policy of 'prevention is mainly performed and comprehensive prevention' and takes the principles of agricultural prevention, physical prevention and biological prevention as main principles and chemical prevention as auxiliary principles. The pesticide used is in accordance with GB 4285. Main plant diseases and insect pests of Yunnan rhizoma paridis: the virus diseases comprise mosaic diseases; bacterial diseases such as spot disease, soft rot, perforation disease and the like; the mycosis includes root rot, gray mold, black spot, gray spot, downy mildew, epidemic disease, rust disease, etc. Insect pests include grubs, cutworms, etc. When the pesticide is used, the pesticide with the same component is not suitable for being repeatedly used, and the pesticide is alternately used according to different components of related pathology. The prevention and control of the plant diseases and insect pests need to be realized in advance, and the stems of the plants need to be removed in time after the seedlings are poured in winter, so that the infection of the plant diseases and insect pests can be reduced. The production process is reasonably used according to the actual condition of pest and disease damage. The main pests and recommended control methods are as follows.
Mosaic disease: mainly occurs in high temperature and drought seasons. The control method comprises the following steps: (1) the field management is enhanced, the supply of fertilizer and water is ensured, the occurrence of high-temperature drought is avoided as much as possible, the plants are promoted to grow robustly, and the morbidity can be reduced. (2) During the disease attack period, 1.5% of carbendazim 800-fold liquid or virus pesticide spray such as antiviral agent is used. (3) Enhancing the regulation of nutrition. (4) Clean the diseased plants and prevent cross infection.
A safe interval area: the phytocide is more than or equal to 3 days.
Bacterial soft rot: infection can occur throughout the growing period. The prevention time is 3 months and 15 days to 4 months and 15 days. The control method comprises the following steps: (1) before planting, the soil needs to be deeply turned and solarized to kill pathogens. (2) Preventing and treating pests and avoiding pest damage. (3) Spraying Junduqing or neomycin 200 mg/L, a 1000-fold liquid of the raw powder of fenaminosulf or a 800-fold liquid of 38% pyriminostrobin, or a 600-800-fold liquid of 50% amobam, or a 400-600-fold liquid of 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder, or 300 mg/L of chloramphenicol, spraying for 1 time in 7-10 days, and irrigating roots for 2-3 times in total. (4) 38% oxadixyl is sprayed in the seedling emergence period and diluted by 1000 times of the solution for spraying, and the pesticide is applied for 1 time in 7 days to prevent diseases. (5) Weeding and irrigating as carefully as possible to avoid plant wounds. (6) And (5) removing diseased plants in time. (7) Lime can be applied in holes to sterilize the rhizomes.
A safe interval area: the bacterial toxin is greater than or equal to 7 days; the new phytomycin is more than or equal to 7 days; the dixon is more than or equal to 7 days; the amount of the pyrimethanil is more than or equal to 10 days; the amobam is more than or equal to 7 d; the copper hydroxide is more than or equal to 3 d; the chloramphenicol is not less than 7 days.
Gray mold: it often occurs in rain. The prevention time is the same seedling stage (4 months 15 days-5 months 15 days) and the seedling stage (5 months 15 days-10 months 15 days). The control method comprises the following steps: (1) when the rainy season comes, 50% iprodione or 20% pyrimethanil is mixed with water for spraying, and the medicine is taken once in 5-7 days for prevention. (2) Diluting and spraying 50% iprodione according to 1000-1500 times of liquid at the beginning, and taking the medicine for 1 time in 5 days; the disease condition can be effectively controlled by continuously taking the medicine for 2 times. (3) The planting density should not be too high, and the dense planting is reasonable. (4) High ridge planting can reduce humidity. (5) Timely cleaning the diseased plants and burning. (6) Remove weeds and increase ventilation. (7) In rainy season, plastic film is covered on the sunshade net to reduce moisture of the moist soil surface. (8) And the drainage is enhanced in rainy season.
A safe interval area: iprodione is more than or equal to 14 days.
Rust disease: usually in rainy seasons. The prevention time is 6-8 months. The control method comprises the following steps: (1) the triadimefon plus Dyson manganese zinc is sprayed once every 7 days in the early stage of the disease, and the spraying is carried out for three times continuously. (2) High ridge planting can reduce humidity. (3) Timely cleaning the diseased plants and burning. (4) Remove weeds and increase ventilation. (5) In rainy season, plastic film is covered on the sunshade net to reduce moisture of the moist soil surface. (6) And the drainage is enhanced in rainy season.
A safe interval area: the triadimefon plus Dyson manganese zinc is not less than 7 days.
Grub, cutworm and the like: the damage is mainly carried out in the seedling emergence season of the paris polyphylla. The control method comprises the following steps: spraying insecticide on the surface of the dead soil at night for preventing and treating. The serious plots of grubs and other pests should be treated by spreading low-toxicity and low-pesticide-residue pesticides such as phoxim, trichlorfon and the like according to the life habits of the plots.
The above-ground pests such as aphids and flea beetles: the number is more than 5-7 months. The control method comprises the following steps: spraying insecticide on the flower part in the early flowering stage; (2) timely cleaning insect pests and plants, and burning; (3) and hanging the insect sticking plate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the multi-bud paris polyphylla division cultivation method avoids the defects that parent materials of 'seed seedling raising' are impure and the seedling forming time is long (3-4 years). And the defects of finished medicinal materials consumption and region limitation of 'cutting and seedling raising' are overcome. And the defects of high cost and long seedling time (2-3 years) of tissue culture seedling culture can be overcome.
The method for cultivating the paris polyphylla by dividing the plants avoids the defects of seed seedling, block seedling and tissue culture seedling, has strong technical operability, is easy to survive and takes effect quickly, and can shorten the seedling cultivation time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of an equi-grade Yunnan rhizoma paridis obtained after excavation;
FIG. 2 is a picture of Paris polyphylla Smith var yunnanensis Smith at second class obtained after digging;
FIG. 3 is a picture of Yunnan Paris polyphylla with three equal buds obtained after digging;
fig. 4 is a picture of the growth of paris polyphylla before harvesting in a planting base.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following examples, Yunnan manyleaf paris rhizome, Tengdong, Tengchong, of Yunnan province, is selected as a variety for separate cultivation, the variety has strong disease resistance, high growth and propagation speed (asexual propagation through division of parent buds) and high yield, and the content of medicinal components exceeds the standard of pharmacopeia 2015 edition through multiple detection.
The requirements of the Yunnan manyleaf Paris rhizome seedlings in Tengye are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Teng Yue Yunnan Paris polyphylla seedling requirements
Example 1:
the multi-bud paris polyphylla division cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting planting division and planting land
S1.1, planting and zoning: the altitude is 1600-2200 m, the annual average temperature is 15-16 ℃, the annual precipitation amount is 1550-1650 mm, the air relative humidity is 80-82%, and the frost-free period is more than 270 days.
S1.2, selecting a planting field
Selecting areas with no pollution to atmosphere, water quality and soil in the planting field; and (3) selecting flat ground or gentle slope with good irrigation condition, good drainage, no water accumulation and shady back, and planting in an area with the pH value of 5.8 +/-0.3 and rich in organic matters such as sandy soil or volcanic ash soil.
S2 planting mode
The planting mode is planting in a pergola. The planting in the pergola specifically comprises the following steps: building a shading shed before sowing or transplanting; inserting cement piles or timber piles with the diameter of 0.1-0.12 m into the planting foundation according to the specification of 3m multiplied by 3m or 4m multiplied by 4m, building a flat shed with the height of 1.8m, connecting and fixing the top of each pile by using a special stranded wire, covering the shed by using a sunshade net with the shading degree of 70-85%, and then carrying out standardized planting in the shed.
S3, transplanting
S3.1, arranging the planting land blocks: before planting, applying 1000kg of farmyard manure per mu and mixing with 20kg of compound fertilizer to serve as base fertilizer, uniformly spreading on a moisture surface, turning and raking the soil, wherein the moisture width is 1-1.2 m, the height is 0.3-0.7 m, and the width of a furrow and a surrounding furrow is 0.3-0.6 m, so that the furrows are communicated and drainage is facilitated.
S3.2, selecting seedlings: taking the seedling with diameter not less than 0.6cm and more than three fibrous roots of main tuber of Paris polyphylla as seedling.
S3.3, transplanting time: the transplanting time is 6 months, 20 days to 6 months, 30 days; during planting, the cut is dipped in plant ash or 50% carbendazim wettable powder and transplanted to the prepared moist soil surface.
S3.4, planting specification: transplanting and planting the separate seedlings according to the row spacing of 0.15m multiplied by 0.20m, planting 1 seedling in each hole, and planting 13000 seedlings in each mu; then, 10000 plants are planted in each mu according to the growth condition of the field.
S3.5, planting method: covering the moisture surface with leaves of pine needle, leaves of water white gourd and the like, planting the Yunnan manyleaf paris rhizome with proper depth, and watering root-fixing water, wherein the planting depth is 3-5 cm according to the size of the paris rhizome tuber, and the buds are not exposed.
S4, field management
S4.1, reasonably watering: watering at proper time according to the soil humidity after transplanting, watering thoroughly 18-22 days in winter and spring, and keeping the relative soil humidity at 30-40%.
S4.2, reasonably fertilizing: applying 1000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu after the overground part of the soil is dormant in winter; applying N, P fertilizer in the next 5-7 months2O5、K2The nutrient proportion of O is 1: 0.5: 1.2, hole application or furrow application is adopted; and in the vigorous growth period of 7-8 months, monopotassium phosphate with the mass concentration of 0.1% is sprayed on the leaf surfaces to promote the growth of plants.
S4.3, intertillage weeding: intertillage is combined every year, artificial weeding is carried out for 3-5 times before emergence of seedlings and in rainy seasons, removal is carried out when weeds are seen, and chemical herbicides are not used for weeding; the drainage ditch is arranged well, so that smooth drainage around the field is ensured, and water cannot be accumulated on the soil moisture surface. After seedlings are poured in winter, wood chips and pine needles are covered on the soil moisture surface, so that the breeding of weeds in the next year can be reduced.
S5, pest control.
S6, harvesting and primary processing
S6.1, harvesting:
harvesting the sexual propagation seedlings after 5-7 years of transplantation, and harvesting the asexual propagation seedlings after 3-5 years of transplantation; the harvesting time is 11 months, and the Yunnan manyleaf Paris rhizome is harvested after withering; during digging, the rootstocks are prevented from being damaged as much as possible.
S6.2, primary processing: removing soil, stem and leaf, and fibrous root of Yunnan rhizoma paridis, air drying, packaging, and storing.
Example 2:
the multi-bud paris polyphylla division cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting planting division and planting land
S1.1, planting and zoning: the altitude is 1500-1600 m, the annual average temperature is 16-16.5 ℃, the annual precipitation is 1500-1550 mm, the air relative humidity is 82-83%, and the frost-free period is more than 260 days.
S1.2, selecting a planting field
Selecting areas with no pollution to atmosphere, water quality and soil in the planting field; and (3) selecting flat ground or gentle slope with good irrigation condition, good drainage, no water accumulation and shady back, and planting in an area with the pH value of 5.8 +/-0.3 and rich in organic matters such as sandy soil or volcanic ash soil.
S2 planting mode
The planting mode is greenhouse planting, and greenhouse planting specifically is: building a greenhouse before sowing or transplanting: the arch width is 6m, the shoulder height is 1.5m, the arch top height is 2.5-2.7 m, doors are reserved at two ends, the surface and two ends of the arch shed are covered by plastic films, sun shading nets are covered on the plastic films according to the illumination condition, a layer of gauze is placed at the position of 0.8-1 m in the plastic films at two sides of the arch shed and is fixed by clamping grooves, and the plastic films below the clamping grooves can move and are used for adjusting the temperature and humidity and preventing insects.
S3, transplanting
S3.1, arranging the planting land blocks: before planting, applying 1000kg of farmyard manure per mu and mixing with 20kg of compound fertilizer to serve as base fertilizer, uniformly spreading on a moisture surface, turning and raking the soil, wherein the moisture width is 1-1.2 m, the height is 0.3-0.7 m, and the width of a furrow and a surrounding furrow is 0.3-0.6 m, so that the furrows are communicated and drainage is facilitated.
S3.2, selecting seedlings: taking the seedling with diameter not less than 0.6cm and more than three fibrous roots of main tuber of Paris polyphylla as seedling.
S3.3, transplanting time: the transplanting time is 6 months and 10 days to 6 months and 20 days; during planting, the cut is dipped in plant ash or 50% carbendazim wettable powder and transplanted to the prepared moist soil surface.
S3.4, planting specification: transplanting and planting the separate seedlings according to the row spacing of 0.15m multiplied by 0.20m, planting 1 seedling in each hole, and planting 13000 seedlings in each mu; then, 10000 plants are planted in each mu according to the growth condition of the field.
S3.5, planting method: covering the moisture surface with leaves of pine needle, leaves of water white gourd and the like, planting the Yunnan manyleaf paris rhizome with proper depth, and watering root-fixing water, wherein the planting depth is 3-5 cm according to the size of the paris rhizome tuber, and the buds are not exposed.
S4, field management
S4.1, reasonably watering: watering at proper time according to the soil humidity after transplanting, watering thoroughly 18-22 days in winter and spring, and keeping the relative soil humidity at 30-40%. Sprinkling irrigation can be adopted when watering.
S4.2, reasonably fertilizing: applying 1000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu after the overground part of the soil is dormant in winter; applying N, P fertilizer in the next 5-7 months2O5、K2The nutrient proportion of O is 1: 0.5: 1.2, hole application or furrow application is adopted; and in the vigorous growth period of 7-8 months, monopotassium phosphate with the mass concentration of 0.1% is sprayed on the leaf surfaces to promote the growth of plants.
S4.3, intertillage weeding: intertillage is combined every year, artificial weeding is carried out for 3-5 times before emergence of seedlings and in rainy seasons, removal is carried out when weeds are seen, and chemical herbicides are not used for weeding; the drainage ditch is arranged well, so that smooth drainage around the field is ensured, and water cannot be accumulated on the soil moisture surface. After seedlings are poured in winter, wood chips and pine needles are covered on the soil moisture surface, so that the breeding of weeds in the next year can be reduced.
S5, pest control.
S6, harvesting and primary processing
S6.1, harvesting:
harvesting the sexual propagation seedlings after 5-7 years of transplantation, and harvesting the asexual propagation seedlings after 3-5 years of transplantation; the harvesting time is 11 months, and the Yunnan manyleaf Paris rhizome is harvested after withering; during digging, the rootstocks are prevented from being damaged as much as possible.
S6.2, primary processing: removing soil, stems, leaves and fibrous roots of the unearthed paris polyphylla, drying at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, and packaging and storing.
Example 3:
the multi-bud paris polyphylla division cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting planting division and planting land
S1.1, planting and zoning: the altitude is 2300-2500 m, the annual average temperature is 13.5-14.5 ℃, the annual precipitation is more than 1700mm, the air relative humidity is more than 83%, and the frost-free period is more than 250 days.
S1.2, selecting a planting field
Selecting areas with no pollution to atmosphere, water quality and soil in the planting field; and (3) selecting flat ground or gentle slope with good irrigation condition, good drainage, no water accumulation and shady back, and planting in an area with the pH value of 5.8 +/-0.3 and rich in organic matters such as sandy soil or volcanic ash soil.
S2 planting mode
The planting mode is under-forest interplanting. The under-forest interplanting method specifically comprises the following steps: and selecting shrub forest lands with shading degree of 70-85%, thicker mountain base soil and gradient below 25 ℃ for planting.
S3, transplanting
S3.1, arranging the planting land blocks: before planting, applying 1000kg of farmyard manure per mu and mixing with 20kg of compound fertilizer to serve as base fertilizer, uniformly spreading on a moisture surface, turning and raking the soil, wherein the moisture width is 1-1.2 m, the height is 0.3-0.7 m, and the width of a furrow and a surrounding furrow is 0.3-0.6 m, so that the furrows are communicated and drainage is facilitated.
S3.2, selecting seedlings: taking the seedling with diameter not less than 0.6cm and more than three fibrous roots of main tuber of Paris polyphylla as seedling.
S3.3, transplanting time: the transplanting time is 6 months and 10 days to 7 months and 10 days; during planting, the cut is dipped in plant ash or 50% carbendazim wettable powder and transplanted to the prepared moist soil surface.
S3.4, planting specification: transplanting and planting the separate seedlings according to the row spacing of 0.15m multiplied by 0.20m, planting 1 seedling in each hole, and planting 13000 seedlings in each mu; then, 10000 plants are planted in each mu according to the growth condition of the field.
S3.5, planting method: covering the moisture surface with leaves of pine needle, leaves of water white gourd and the like, planting the Yunnan manyleaf paris rhizome with proper depth, and watering root-fixing water, wherein the planting depth is 3-5 cm according to the size of the paris rhizome tuber, and the buds are not exposed.
S4, field management
S4.1, reasonably watering: watering at proper time according to the soil humidity after transplanting, watering thoroughly 18-22 days in winter and spring, and keeping the relative soil humidity at 30-40%.
S4.2, reasonably fertilizing: applying 1000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu after the overground part of the soil is dormant in winter; applying N, P fertilizer in the next 5-7 months2O5、K2The nutrient proportion of O is 1: 0.5: 1.2, hole application or furrow application is adopted; and in the vigorous growth period of 7-8 months, monopotassium phosphate with the mass concentration of 0.1% is sprayed on the leaf surfaces to promote the growth of plants.
S4.3, intertillage weeding: intertillage is combined every year, artificial weeding is carried out for 3-5 times before emergence of seedlings and in rainy seasons, removal is carried out when weeds are seen, and chemical herbicides are not used for weeding; the drainage ditch is arranged well, so that smooth drainage around the field is ensured, and water cannot be accumulated on the soil moisture surface. After seedlings are poured in winter, wood chips and pine needles are covered on the soil moisture surface, so that the breeding of weeds in the next year can be reduced.
S5, pest control.
S6, harvesting and primary processing
S6.1, harvesting:
harvesting the sexual propagation seedlings after 5-7 years of transplantation, and harvesting the asexual propagation seedlings after 3-5 years of transplantation; the harvesting time is 11 months, and the Yunnan manyleaf Paris rhizome is harvested after withering; during digging, the rootstocks are prevented from being damaged as much as possible.
S6.2, primary processing: removing soil, stem and leaf, and fibrous root of Yunnan rhizoma paridis, air drying, packaging, and storing.
1. The invention specifically has the following quality requirements for the cultivated paris polyphylla:
(1) the appearance requirement is as follows: from the aspect of appearance, the powder is preferably thick, firm, white in cross section and sufficient in powder property.
Wherein the first-class multi-bud Yunnan rhizoma paridis obtained after digging is shown in figure 1, the second-class multi-bud Yunnan rhizoma paridis is shown in figure 2, and the third-class multi-bud Yunnan rhizoma paridis is shown in figure 3.
(2) Yunnan paris polyphylla standard: grading Yunnan paris polyphylla: the paris polyphylla specification ratings are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Specification and grade division of Yunnan Paris polyphylla
(3) Yunnan paris polyphylla security: the indexes of safety and harmful substances are implemented according to the regulation of the pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China 2015 edition.
(4) Content index: in terms of component content, the preparation is performed according to the regulation of the 2015 edition of pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China.
2. Detecting rhizoma paridis saponin content in rhizoma paridis
A certain planting base in Yunnan Tengchong city is cultivated with the method of example 1, and the multi-bud Yunnan rhizoma paridis before harvesting in the planting base is shown in figure 4. The harvested and primarily processed paris polyphylla is subjected to rhizoma paridis saponin content detection, and specific detection results are shown in table 3.
Table 3:
| detecting items | The result of the detection |
| Rhizoma paridis saponin I content | 1.011％ |
| Rhizoma paridis saponin II content | 1.002％ |
| Rhizoma paridis saponin VI content | ND |
| Paris saponin VII content | 0.394％ |
| Rhizoma paridis saponin PA content | 0.043％ |
| Rhizoma paridis saponin H content | 0.171％ |
| Content of dioscin | 1.091％ |
| Fine dioscin content | 0.076％ |
| Rhizoma paridis saponin V content | ND |
As can be seen from Table 3, the Paris polyphylla Smith var yunnanensis Smith cultivated by the method of the invention has high content of paridis saponin and high medicinal value.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A multi-bud paris polyphylla division cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting planting division and planting land
S1.1, planting and zoning: the altitude is 1300-2500 m, the annual average temperature is 13.5-17.5 ℃, the annual precipitation is 1500-1700 mm, the air relative humidity is 79-83%, and the frost-free period is more than 250 days;
s1.2, selecting a planting field
Selecting areas with no pollution to atmosphere, water quality and soil in the planting field; selecting flat ground or gentle slope with good irrigation condition, good drainage, no water accumulation and shady back, and planting in sandy soil or volcanic ash soil with pH value of 5.8 +/-0.3 and rich in organic matters;
s2 planting mode
The planting mode is one of planting in a pergola, interplanting under the forest and planting in a greenhouse; the planting in the pergola specifically comprises the following steps: building a shading shed before sowing or transplanting; inserting cement piles or timber piles with the diameter of 0.1-0.12 m into the planting foundation according to the specification of 3m multiplied by 3m or 4m multiplied by 4m, building a flat shed with the height of 1.8m, connecting and fixing the top of each pile by using a special stranded wire, covering the shed by using a sunshade net with the shading degree of 70-85%, and then carrying out standardized planting in the shed;
the under-forest interplanting method specifically comprises the following steps: selecting shrub forest land with shading degree of 70-85%, thicker mountain base soil and gradient below 25 ℃ for planting;
the greenhouse planting specifically comprises the following steps: building a greenhouse before sowing or transplanting: the arch width is 6m, the shoulder height is 1.5m, the arch top height is 2.5-2.7 m, doors are reserved at two ends, the surface and two ends of the arch shed are covered by plastic films, sun-shading nets are covered on the plastic films according to the illumination condition, a layer of gauze is placed at the position of 0.8-1 m in the plastic films at two sides of the arch shed and is fixed by clamping grooves, and the plastic films below the clamping grooves can move and are used for adjusting the temperature and humidity and preventing insects;
s3, transplanting
S3.1, arranging the planting land blocks: before planting, applying 1000kg of farmyard manure per mu and mixing with 20kg of compound fertilizer to serve as base fertilizer, uniformly spreading on a moisture surface, turning and raking the soil, wherein the moisture width is 1-1.2 m, the height is 0.3-0.7 m, and the width of a furrow and a surrounding furrow is 0.3-0.6 m, so that the furrows are communicated and drainage is facilitated;
s3.2, selecting seedlings: taking seedlings with diameter of not less than 0.6cm and more than three fibrous roots of main tuber of Yunnan Paris polyphylla as seedlings;
s3.3, transplanting time: the transplanting time is 6 months and 10 days to 7 months and 10 days; when planting seedlings, the cut is dipped in plant ash or 50% carbendazim wettable powder and transplanted on the prepared moist soil surface;
s3.4, planting specification: transplanting and planting the separate seedlings according to the row spacing of 0.15m multiplied by 0.20m, planting 1 seedling in each hole, and planting 13000 seedlings in each mu; then, 10000 plants are planted in each mu according to the growth condition of the field;
s3.5, planting method: covering the prepared dead surface with leaves, wherein the depth of planted paris polyphylla is 3-5 cm according to the size of paris polyphylla tubers, and the buds are not exposed; the leaves are at least one of pine needles and leaves of the water white gourd;
s4, field management
S4.1, reasonably watering: watering at proper time according to the soil humidity after transplanting, watering thoroughly 18-22 days in winter and spring, and keeping the relative soil humidity at 30-40%;
s4.2, reasonably fertilizing: applying 1000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu after the overground part of the soil is dormant in winter; applying N, P fertilizer in the next 5-7 months2O5、K2The nutrient proportion of O is 1: 0.5: 1.2, hole application or furrow application is adopted; in the vigorous growth period of 7-8 months, monopotassium phosphate with the mass concentration of 0.1% is sprayed on the leaves to promote the growth of plants;
s4.3, intertillage weeding: intertillage is combined every year, artificial weeding is carried out for 3-5 times before emergence of seedlings and in rainy seasons, removal is carried out when weeds are seen, and chemical herbicides are not used for weeding; the drainage ditch is arranged, so that smooth drainage around the field is ensured, and water cannot be accumulated on the soil moisture surface; after seedlings are poured in winter, wood chips and pine needles are covered on the soil moisture surface, so that the breeding of weeds in the next year can be reduced;
s5, pest control;
s6, harvesting and primary processing
S6.1, harvesting:
harvesting the sexual propagation seedlings after 5-7 years of transplantation, and harvesting the asexual propagation seedlings after 3-5 years of transplantation; the harvesting time is 11 months, and the Yunnan manyleaf Paris rhizome is harvested after withering; during digging, rootstock damage is avoided as much as possible;
s6.2, primary processing: removing soil, stems, leaves and fibrous roots of the unearthed paris polyphylla, drying in the sun or drying at 50-60 ℃, and packaging and storing.
2. The method for cultivating the multi-bud rhizoma paridis according to claim 1, wherein in step S1.1, the planting area is divided into: the altitude is 1500-2300 m, the annual average temperature is 14.5-16.5 ℃, the annual precipitation is 1500-1700 mm, the air relative humidity is 79-83%, and the frost-free period is more than 260 days.
3. The method for cultivating the multi-bud rhizoma paridis according to claim 2, wherein the planting area is divided into: the altitude is 1600-2200 m, the annual average temperature is 15-16 ℃, the annual precipitation amount is 1550-1650 mm, the air relative humidity is 80-82%, and the frost-free period is more than 270 days.
4. The method for cultivating the multi-bud rhizoma paridis in a plant division manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4.1, sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation is adopted.
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| CN111802200A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-10-23 | 云南云测质量检验有限公司 | Seedling-protecting digging high-yield method for paris polyphylla |
| CN112913608B (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2023-06-27 | 毕节市中药研究所 | Paris polyphylla wild-imitating cultivation method and Paris polyphylla wild-imitating cultivation equipment |
| CN115918476A (en) * | 2022-12-02 | 2023-04-07 | 丽江市土壤肥料工作站 | Soil improvement method for planting paris polyphylla |
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