CN109673231B - Comprehensive ecological prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of paris polyphylla - Google Patents
Comprehensive ecological prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of paris polyphylla Download PDFInfo
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- CN109673231B CN109673231B CN201910154476.3A CN201910154476A CN109673231B CN 109673231 B CN109673231 B CN 109673231B CN 201910154476 A CN201910154476 A CN 201910154476A CN 109673231 B CN109673231 B CN 109673231B
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- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 241000244987 Daiswa polyphylla Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
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- 235000001405 Artemisia annua Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 240000000011 Artemisia annua Species 0.000 claims description 18
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- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- ROVGZAWFACYCSP-MQBLHHJJSA-N [2-methyl-4-oxo-3-[(2z)-penta-2,4-dienyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl] (1r,3r)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(C)C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC1C(C)=C(C\C=C/C=C)C(=O)C1 ROVGZAWFACYCSP-MQBLHHJJSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940015367 pyrethrum Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
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- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000223259 Trichoderma Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
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- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005820 Prochloraz Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004495 emulsifiable concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prochloraz Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N(CCC)CCOC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1Cl TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000294180 Osmunda japonica Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000610743 Psathyrotes ramosissima Species 0.000 claims 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
- A01M1/04—Attracting insects by using illumination or colours
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/20—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a comprehensive ecological prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of paris polyphylla, which comprises the following steps of: selecting a cultivation land, treating the cultivation land, carrying out cultivation treatment, and comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds after planting. Pesticide is not used, so that the pests and the weeds can be prevented, and the value of the paris polyphylla can be improved. The prevention strategy is fully embodied, the perennial incidence rate of the diseases, insect pests and weeds can be reduced by more than 63 percent, namely the diseases are treated, and meanwhile, the investment of manpower and material resources such as later-stage pesticide spraying, weed pulling and the like is reduced, so that the investment is less and the yield is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a comprehensive ecological prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of paris polyphylla.
Background
Paris polyphylla (Paris polyphylla) Sm. is a perennial herb of Paris L, also called as Paris, Paris polyphylla; the height of the plant is 35-100 cm, and the plant is hairless; thick rhizome with diameter of 1-2.5 cm, brown outside, dense growth of many links and many fibrous roots. The stem is usually purplish red, 1-1.5 cm in diameter (0.8-) and 1-3 sheaths of off-white dry membranous material at the base. 7-10 leaves (5-) are in the shape of rectangle circle, ellipse or inverted oval, the length is 7-15 cm, the width is 2.5-5 cm, the tip is short-pointed or tapered, and the base is round or wide wedge; the petiole is obvious, 2-6 cm long and purplish red. The length of the peduncle is 5-16(30) cm; the perianth sheet is green, (3-)4-6 pieces, in the shape of narrow-egg needle, the length (3-) is 4.5-7 cm; the inner wheel quilt sheet is in a narrow strip shape and is generally longer than the outer wheel; 8-12 stamens, the anther is short and 5-8 mm long, the length is nearly equal to or slightly longer than the filament, and the protruding part of the anther partition is 0.5-1(-2) mm long; the ovary is nearly spherical, has a prism, the top end of the ovary has a disc-shaped styloid foundation, the styloid is thick and short, and has (4-)5 branches. The capsule is purple, has a diameter of 1.5-2.5 cm, and has 3-6 petals cracked. Most seeds have bright red and juicy testa. The flowering period is 4-7 months, and the fruit period is 8-11 months. Grow in the forest with the altitude of 1800 and 3200 meters. Including 7 variants: paris polyphylla Smith Paris polyphylla Sm.var.apendicula hand-Mzt, Paris polyphylla Smith Paris polyphylla Sm.var.apendiculata Hara, Paris polyphylla Smith Paris polyphylla Sm.var.chinensis Hara, Paris polyphylla Smith Paris polyphylla Sm.var.latifolia Wang et Chang, Paris polyphylla Sm.var.stearophylla Franch, Paris polyphylla Smith. var.Thibilica (Franch.) Hara, Paris polyphylla Sm.var.yunnanensis (Franch.) hand-Mzt, Chinese plant Committee of science and society [ M ] 86, China Committee.M.1978, Beijing Polybiol et al.
Rhizoma Helminthostachydis Zeylanicae has effects of clearing heat and detoxicating, relieving swelling and pain, cooling liver and arresting convulsion. Can be used for treating furuncle, carbuncle, swelling and sore throat, snake and insect bite, traumatic injury, pain, and convulsion. (national pharmacy Committee. pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China [ M ]. Beijing: Chinese pharmaceutical science and technology Press 2015, one: 260).
In recent years, with the enhancement of the development and application of paris polyphylla, the price of paris polyphylla is rapidly increased and gradually changes from the digging of wild resources into a family (an imitated wild planting method under paris polyphylla forest, CN 201711368619.8; an efficient cultivation method of paris polyphylla, CN 201710705125.8; and a cultivation method of paris polyphylla, CN201710672153.4), however, since paris polyphylla grows slowly, about 9 years are needed from the sowing to the harvesting of seeds, the requirement on the growth environment is high, and if the cultivation technology is improper, the pest and disease damage is more. In order to pursue yield, apply pesticides in a disorderly way and apply pesticides abundantly, the ecology is seriously damaged, and the medicinal material quality of paris polyphylla is reduced. Therefore, the safe and effective prevention and control of the plant diseases and insect pests are the key for improving the paris polyphylla, the treatment of the plant diseases and insect pests of the paris polyphylla is mostly realized by adopting a treatment method, namely, chemical pesticides, biological pesticides and the like are mostly adopted (a high-yield cultivation method of the paris polyphylla, CN201410578841 and a standardized cultivation method of the paris polyphylla, CN201110352150.5), the prevention is not reflected, most plants of the paris polyphylla only have one stem, and diseases such as root rot and stem rot are very easy to occur at the base of the stem (Yang annuin, the artificial cultivation technology of the paris polyphylla is researched in the Chinese forestry industry, 2017,1:141), particularly the stem rot, after the diseases occur, the plants enter a dormant state in the current year and germinate and grow again in the spring of the next year. Because the dormancy stage is earlier, the growth vigor is weak in the second year, diseases, pests and weeds are more likely to occur, and the yield and the quality are seriously influenced by the vicious circle. Therefore, a set of comprehensive pest and disease control measures is urgently needed in the production of paris polyphylla.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a comprehensive ecological prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of paris polyphylla, which adopts measures such as agriculture, ecology, biology, physics and the like, adopts comprehensive prevention and control on the diseases and insect pests of the paris polyphylla, reduces the annual incidence rate of the diseases and insect pests by more than 63 percent, reduces the production cost of spraying pesticides, weeding workers and the like, and simultaneously improves the yield by more than 48 percent.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a comprehensive ecological prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of Paris polyphylla comprises the following steps of sequentially carrying out:
(1) selecting cultivation place
Selecting a plot with elevation of 500-1500 m, high humidity, fertile soil, shading degree of 60-80% and no rhizome crop planted within nearly 5 years as a cultivation land;
(2) treatment of cultivation area
When the cultivation land with much rain is planted, ridging is carried out on the cultivation land, the height of the ridging is 15-30cm, and drainage ditches with the depth of 0.5-1 m are dug around the land (after heavy rain, the middle water of the land can be drained in time);
when planting in a dry place, arranging water reservoirs or water storage pits at intervals in the planting place;
(3) cultivation treatment
In 9 to 3 months of the next year, healthy seedlings without diseases and insect pests are selected for planting, and 1-2cm of soil is covered above the planting holes to form a turtle back shape with a high middle part and low periphery;
(4) comprehensive control of plant diseases, insect pests and weeds after planting
After planting, covering a layer of sweet wormwood stem segments and/or tobacco leaf blade segments above a planting area in a scattered manner, and then covering a layer of rot-resistant plants;
planting any one or more than two of sweet wormwood, pyrethrum or tobacco leaves around the cultivation land and 1-20 m away from the cultivation land; planting cruciferae plants around a planting field and 10-100 meters away from the planting field, not spraying pesticides in the planting process of the cruciferae plants, and intensively harvesting and destroying the cruciferae plants when more pests and diseases are caused;
when the Paris polyphylla seedling is unearthed, a trap plate is hung around the plant, pest trapping lamps are placed on the periphery of the cultivation area to trap and kill pests, and when more pests exist, poison baits are placed near the Paris polyphylla planting area to trap and kill the pests.
Further, the cultivation place is under the hybrid broad-leaved forest. The humidity shading degree and the organic matter content of the hybrid broad-leaved forest are both suitable for planting Paris polyphylla.
Furthermore, the width of the furrow is 0.5-1.1 m, and the length is determined according to the terrain.
Furthermore, the reservoirs or the water storage pits are horizontally arranged in the cultivation land along different contour lines, the depth of the reservoirs or the water storage pits is 0.5-1 meter, the width of the reservoirs or the water storage pits is 2-3 meters, and the distance between every two adjacent reservoirs or the water storage pits is 15-20 meters. The density of the water reservoir is adjusted according to specific air humidity, and the relative humidity of the air in a sunny day is preferably maintained at 55-70% in a common growing season.
Further, before the step (3), when the cultivation land is fertile under-forest black soil, the method can be directly used for planting paris polyphylla without applying any fertilizer;
when the cultivation land is barren soil, firstly applying sheep manure, trichoderma and bacillus subtilis on the cultivation land, and then applying plant ash, wherein the sheep manure is fully decomposed sheep manure, the application amount of the trichoderma is 400-450 g/mu, and the application amount of the bacillus subtilis is 200-300 g/mu. The application amount of the sheep manure and the plant ash is determined according to the fertility of the plot, and when the soil is fertile, the application amount of the sheep manure and the plant ash is relatively less.
Furthermore, in the place where the soil is frozen in winter, the planting time is 3-4 months
Furthermore, in the step (4), a layer of sweet wormwood stem segments and/or tobacco leaves is required to be scattered on the rotten plant covering material in months 4 and 7 every year. (New stem segments are added to increase the drug effect)
Further, before planting the seedlings in the step (3), digging out the seedlings which enter dormancy, and directly exposing the seedlings under the sun until the wound is healed; then, mixing prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate with the mass percentage concentration of 25% and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 600-900 times diluted into water solution, and soaking the seedlings in the water solution for 10-20 minutes; then fishing out the mixture and cooling the mixture in a cool place until the surface is slightly wet; finally, the plant is placed in plant ash, and the surface of the plant ash is stained with the plant ash, and then the plant is planted.
Further, in the step (4), the rot-resistant plants are pine leaves with the thickness of 2-3cm and/or osmunda japonica with the thickness of 5-10 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: pesticide is not used, so that the pests and the weeds can be prevented, and the value of the paris polyphylla can be improved. The prevention strategy is fully embodied, the perennial incidence rate of the diseases, insect pests and weeds can be reduced by more than 63 percent, namely the diseases are treated, and meanwhile, the investment of manpower and material resources such as later-stage pesticide spraying, weed pulling and the like is reduced, so that the investment is less and the yield is high.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated with reference to the following embodiments: but is not limited to the following embodiments only and any modifications or alterations according to the principles of the present invention should be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A comprehensive ecological prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of Paris polyphylla comprises the following steps of sequentially carrying out:
(1) selecting cultivation place
The cultivation land of the embodiment is a western aster county, Xianfeng county, Putian city, Fujian province, is a newly reclaimed forest land, has much rainwater, has the altitude of 520 meters, high humidity, fertile soil and shading degree of 60-80 percent, and has no root-stem crops planted within nearly 5 years;
(2) treatment of cultivation area
During planting, making ridges on the planting land, wherein drainage ditches are distributed around the ridges, and the height of each ridge is 15 cm; the width of the ridge is 0.5-1.1 m, and the length is determined according to the terrain.
(3) Cultivation treatment
In 9 months of each year, healthy seedlings without diseases and insect pests are selected for planting, and 1cm of soil is covered above the planting holes to form a turtle back shape with a high middle part and low periphery;
(4) comprehensive control of plant diseases, insect pests and weeds after planting
After planting, covering a layer of stem segments of sweet wormwood herb and/or leaf segments of tobacco leaves above a planting area, and then covering a layer of rot-resistant plants (such as Osmunda 5-10cm in thickness);
planting any one or more than two of sweet wormwood, pyrethrum or tobacco leaves around the cultivation land and 1 m away from the cultivation land; planting cruciferae plants around a planting field and 10 meters away from the planting field, not spraying pesticides in the planting process of the cruciferae plants, and intensively harvesting and destroying the cruciferae plants when more pests and diseases are caused;
when the Paris polyphylla seedling is unearthed, a trap plate is hung around the plant, pest trapping lamps are placed on the periphery of the cultivation area to trap and kill pests, and when more pests exist, poison baits are placed near the Paris polyphylla planting area to trap and kill the pests.
Example 2
A comprehensive ecological prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of Paris polyphylla comprises the following steps of sequentially carrying out:
(1) selecting cultivation place
The cultivation land of the embodiment is planted in western aster county of fairy county in Fujian province, is a waster and useless paddy field, has much rainwater, has the altitude of 930 m, high humidity, fertile soil and shade degree of 80 percent, and is not planted with rhizome crops within nearly 5 years;
(2) treatment of cultivation area
When planting is carried out in a cultivation land with much rainwater, ridging is carried out on the cultivation land, drainage ditches are distributed around the ridging, and the height of the ridging is 30 cm; the width of the ridge is 0.8 m, and the length is determined according to the terrain.
(3) Cultivation treatment
In 10 months of each year, healthy seedlings without diseases and insect pests are selected for planting, and 2cm of soil is covered above the planting holes to form a turtle back shape with a high middle part and low periphery; before the seedlings are planted, digging out the seedlings after dormancy, and directly exposing the seedlings under the sun until the wound is healed; then, mixing prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate with the mass percentage concentration of 25% and water according to the weight ratio of 1: diluting the seedling into water solution with 600 times, and soaking the seedling therein for 10-20 min (preferably 15 min); then fishing out the mixture and cooling the mixture in a cool place until the surface is slightly wet; finally, the plant is placed in plant ash, and the surface of the plant ash is stained with the plant ash, and then the plant is planted.
(4) Comprehensive control of plant diseases, insect pests and weeds after planting
After planting, covering a layer of sweet wormwood stem segments and/or tobacco leaf blade segments above the planting area, and then covering a layer of rot-resistant plants (such as 2-3cm thick pine leaves); in 4 and 7 months of each year, a layer of sweet wormwood stem segments and/or tobacco leaves are scattered on the rotten-resistant plant covering;
planting any one or more than two of sweet wormwood, pyrethrum or tobacco leaves around the cultivation land and 20 meters away from the cultivation land; planting cruciferae plants at the position which surrounds the periphery of a cultivation land and is 100 meters away from the cultivation land, not spraying pesticides in the planting process of the cruciferae plants, and intensively harvesting and destroying the cruciferae plants when more pests and diseases are caused;
when the Paris polyphylla seedling is unearthed, a trap plate is hung around the plant, pest trapping lamps are placed on the periphery of the cultivation area to trap and kill pests, and when more pests exist, poison baits are placed near the Paris polyphylla planting area to trap and kill the pests.
Example 3
A comprehensive ecological prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of Paris polyphylla comprises the following steps of sequentially carrying out:
(1) selecting cultivation place
The cultivation land of the embodiment is a newly reclaimed forest land, is 60-80% in drought and shade degree, and has no root crops planted within nearly 5 years; arranging water reservoirs or water storage pits in the cultivation land at intervals; the water reservoirs or the water storage pits are horizontally arranged in the cultivation land along different contour lines, the depth of each water reservoir or each water storage pit is 0.5-1 meter (0.8 meter in the embodiment) and the width of each water reservoir or each water storage pit is 2-3 meters (2.5 in the embodiment), the distance between every two adjacent water reservoirs or water storage pits is 15-20 meters (18 meters in the embodiment), the cultivation land is barren soil, sheep manure, trichoderma and bacillus subtilis are firstly applied to the cultivation land, then plant ash is applied, the sheep manure is fully decomposed sheep manure, the application amount of the trichoderma is 450 g/mu, and the application amount of the bacillus subtilis is 200 g/mu and 300 g/mu (250 g/mu in the embodiment).
(2) Treatment of cultivation area
When planting in a cultivation land with much rainwater, ridging the cultivation land, and distributing drainage ditches around the ridging, wherein the height of the ridging is 15-30 cm; the width of the ridge is 0.5-1.1 m, and the length is determined according to the terrain.
(3) Cultivation treatment
In 9 to 4 months of the next year, healthy seedlings without diseases and insect pests are selected for planting, and 1-2cm of soil is covered above the planting holes to form a turtle back shape with a high middle part and low periphery; before the seedlings are planted, digging out the seedlings after dormancy, and directly exposing the seedlings under the sun until the wound is healed; then mixing 25% of prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate and water according to the mass percentage of 1: diluting the seedling into water solution of 900 times, and soaking the seedling in the water solution for 10 to 20 minutes; then fishing out the mixture and cooling the mixture in a cool place until the surface is slightly wet; finally, the plant is placed in plant ash, and the surface of the plant ash is stained with the plant ash, and then the plant is planted.
(4) Comprehensive control of plant diseases, insect pests and weeds after planting
After planting, covering a layer of sweet wormwood stem segments and/or tobacco leaf blade segments above the planting area, and then covering a layer of rot-resistant plants (such as 2-3cm thick pine leaves); in 4 and 7 months of each year, a layer of sweet wormwood stem segments and/or tobacco leaves are scattered on the rotten-resistant plant covering;
planting any one or more than two of sweet wormwood, pyrethrum or tobacco leaves around the cultivation land and 10 meters away from the cultivation land; planting cruciferae plants at the position which surrounds the periphery of a cultivation land and is 50 meters away from the cultivation land, not spraying pesticides in the planting process of the cruciferae plants, and intensively harvesting and destroying the cruciferae plants when more pests and diseases are caused;
when the Paris polyphylla seedling is unearthed, a trap plate is hung around the plant, pest trapping lamps are placed on the periphery of the cultivation area to trap and kill pests, and when more pests exist, poison baits are placed near the Paris polyphylla planting area to trap and kill the pests.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is different from the example 1 in that sweet wormwood, pyrethrum, tobacco leaves and the like are not planted around the plot and on the border of the furrow; the osmunda japonica is not covered on the ridge and the cruciferous plants are not planted at the periphery of the ridge;
when the Paris polyphylla seedlings come out of the earth, no trap plate is hung around the plants, no pest trap lamp is placed on the periphery of the plot to trap and kill pests, and when the number of pests is large, no poison bait is placed on the periphery of each row of Paris polyphylla to trap and kill the pests.
Comparative example 2
Different from the embodiment 1, any one or any combination of more than two of sweet wormwood, pyrethrum or tobacco leaves are planted around the cultivation land and 0.5 m away from the cultivation land; planting cruciferae plants at the position which surrounds the periphery of a cultivation land and is 150 meters away from the cultivation land, not spraying pesticides in the planting process of the cruciferae plants, and intensively harvesting and destroying the cruciferae plants when more pests and diseases are caused;
comparative example 3
Different from the embodiment 1, any one or any combination of more than two of sweet wormwood, pyrethrum or tobacco leaves are planted around the cultivation land and at a distance of 30 meters from the cultivation land; planting cruciferae plants at the position which surrounds the periphery of a cultivation land and is 5 meters away from the cultivation land, not spraying pesticides in the planting process of the cruciferae plants, and intensively harvesting and destroying the cruciferae plants when more pests and diseases are caused;
comparative example 4
Different from the embodiment 1, any one or any combination of more than two of sweet wormwood, pyrethrum or tobacco leaves are planted around the cultivation land and 0.5 m away from the cultivation land; planting cruciferae plants at the position which surrounds the periphery of a cultivation land and is 150 meters away from the cultivation land, not spraying pesticides in the planting process of the cruciferae plants, and intensively harvesting and destroying the cruciferae plants when more pests and diseases exist.
Claims (8)
1. A comprehensive ecological prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of Paris polyphylla is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of sequentially carrying out:
(1) selecting cultivation place
Selecting a plot with elevation of 500-1500 m, high humidity, fertile soil, shading degree of 60-80% and no rhizome crop planted within nearly 5 years as a cultivation land;
(2) treatment of cultivation area
When the cultivation land with much rainwater is planted, ridging is carried out on the cultivation land, and the height of the ridging is 15-30 cm;
when planting in a dry place, arranging water reservoirs or water storage pits at intervals in the planting place;
(3) cultivation treatment
In 9 to 3 months of the next year, healthy seedlings without diseases and insect pests are selected for planting, and 1-2cm of soil is covered above the planting holes to form a turtle back shape with a high middle part and low periphery;
(4) comprehensive control of plant diseases, insect pests and weeds after planting
After planting, covering a layer of sweet wormwood stem segments and/or tobacco leaf blade segments above a planting area in a scattered manner, and then covering a layer of rot-resistant plants;
planting any one or more than two of sweet wormwood, pyrethrum or tobacco leaves around the cultivation land and 1-20 m away from the cultivation land; planting cruciferae plants around a planting field and 10-100 meters away from the planting field, not spraying pesticides in the planting process of the cruciferae plants, and intensively harvesting and destroying the cruciferae plants when more pests and diseases are caused;
when the Paris polyphylla seedling is unearthed, a trap plate is hung around the plant, pest trapping lamps are placed on the periphery of the cultivation area to trap and kill pests, and when more pests exist, poison baits are placed near the Paris polyphylla planting area to trap and kill the pests.
2. The comprehensive ecological prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of Paris polyphylla according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the cultivation place is under the heterowood broadleaf forest.
3. The comprehensive ecological prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of Paris polyphylla according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the width of the ridge is 0.5-1.1 m.
4. The comprehensive ecological prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of Paris polyphylla according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the reservoirs or water storage pits are horizontally arranged in the cultivation land along different contour lines, the depth is 0.5-1 meter, the width is 2-3 meters, and the distance between two adjacent reservoirs or water storage pits is 15-20 meters.
5. The comprehensive ecological prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of Paris polyphylla according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: before the step (3), when the cultivation land is fertile forest black soil, no fertilizer is needed to be applied, and the method can be directly used for planting paris polyphylla;
when the cultivation land is barren soil, firstly applying sheep manure, trichoderma and bacillus subtilis on the cultivation land, and then applying plant ash, wherein the sheep manure is fully decomposed sheep manure, the application amount of the trichoderma is 400-450 g/mu, and the application amount of the bacillus subtilis is 200-300 g/mu.
6. The comprehensive ecological prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of Paris polyphylla according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), a layer of sweet wormwood stem segments and/or tobacco leaves are scattered on the rotten-resistant plant covering material in 4 months and 7 months every year.
7. The comprehensive ecological prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of Paris polyphylla according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: digging out the dormant seedlings before planting the seedlings, and directly exposing the seedlings under the sun until the wound is healed; then, mixing prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate with the mass percentage concentration of 25% and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 600-900 times diluted into water solution, and soaking the seedlings in the water solution for 10-20 minutes; then fishing out the mixture and cooling the mixture in a cool place until the surface is slightly wet; finally, the plant is placed in plant ash, and the surface of the plant ash is stained with the plant ash, and then the plant is planted.
8. The comprehensive ecological prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of Paris polyphylla according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), the rot-resistant plants are pine leaves with the thickness of 2-3cm and/or osmunda japonica with the thickness of 5-10 cm.
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| CN102498895A (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2012-06-20 | 湖北清大中药饮片有限公司 | Standard planting method for paris polyphylla |
| CN106831130A (en) * | 2017-02-03 | 2017-06-13 | 迪庆经济开发区箐园生物科技开发有限公司 | The implantation methods of Paris polyphylla |
| CN107409690A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-12-01 | 合肥卓畅农业科技有限公司 | A kind of high-yield planting method of pseudo-ginseng |
| CN108112324A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-06-05 | 易门桔源农业开发有限责任公司 | The implantation methods of Paris polyphylla |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102498895A (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2012-06-20 | 湖北清大中药饮片有限公司 | Standard planting method for paris polyphylla |
| CN106831130A (en) * | 2017-02-03 | 2017-06-13 | 迪庆经济开发区箐园生物科技开发有限公司 | The implantation methods of Paris polyphylla |
| CN107409690A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-12-01 | 合肥卓畅农业科技有限公司 | A kind of high-yield planting method of pseudo-ginseng |
| CN108112324A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-06-05 | 易门桔源农业开发有限责任公司 | The implantation methods of Paris polyphylla |
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Application publication date: 20190426 Assignee: Fujian Heping ancient town agricultural development Co.,Ltd. Assignor: AGRICULTURAL BIORESOURCES INSTITUTE OF FUJIAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023350000345 Denomination of invention: A Comprehensive Ecological Prevention and Control Method for Diseases and Pests of Seven Leaves and One Branch Flower Granted publication date: 20201201 License type: Common License Record date: 20230817 |
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Effective date of registration: 20231218 Address after: Building of the Research and Comprehensive Experimental Center of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 104 Pudang, Xindian Town, Jin'an District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350001 Patentee after: Crop Research Institute of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Fujian Provincial Germplasm Resources Center) Address before: 350003 No. 54, 247 North Road, Gulou District, Fujian, Fuzhou Patentee before: AGRICULTURAL BIORESOURCES INSTITUTE OF FUJIAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES |