CN112913608B - Paris polyphylla wild-imitating cultivation method and Paris polyphylla wild-imitating cultivation equipment - Google Patents
Paris polyphylla wild-imitating cultivation method and Paris polyphylla wild-imitating cultivation equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine cultivation, and discloses a wild-imitating cultivation method of paris polyphylla in a karst mountain area, wherein a slope forest land with a thicker humus layer under a needle-broad mixed forest with an altitude of 800-2000m, a annual rainfall of 800-1500mm and a canopy density of 0.2-0.7 is selected; spraying quick lime and spraying mixed pesticide A after removing small bushes and weeds on a forest land, repeatedly rotary tillage a humus layer by using a rotary cultivator until the humus layer is completely dispersed, ridging, covering by using a black plastic film for 3-5 months, and removing the plastic film; selecting 3-year-old strong paris polyphylla seedlings, soaking the seedlings in the mixed pesticide B for 10-20min, and then directionally transplanting the seedlings; topdressing management is carried out after 4 months, 6 months, 8 months and 10 months of cultivation and weeding after transplanting. The invention furthest controls and prevents the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests of the wild-like cultivation, effectively utilizes the idle land under the forest, forms a better economic development mode under the forest, and has important significance for promoting the income increase of peasants and promoting the economic development under the forest.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine cultivation, and particularly relates to a paris polyphylla wild-imitating cultivation method and paris polyphylla wild-imitating cultivation equipment.
Background
At present, paris polyphylla is a generic name of plants in Paris genus of Liliaceae family, and is named as Bettuqia, wangsun, paris polyphylla, paris polyphylla, etc. There are 24 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials, including 10 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials, including 19 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials, including Sichuan, guizhou, yunnan province, shennong Bencaojing and Ben Cao gang mu, and the Chinese medicinal materials have the functions of clearing away heat and toxic material, eliminating swelling, relieving pain, cooling liver and arresting convulsion, etc. and are used in treating convulsion, sore throat, traumatic injury, snake bite, etc.
At present, a plurality of reports are made on the wild-imitating cultivation technology of paris polyphylla. The patent applications 201610905364.3, 201510329413.9, 201410161672.0, 201610 29151.6, 201710185304.3, 201910068477.6, 201611222019.6, 201811551886.3, 201811573026.X, 20110110879. X, 201610035256.5, 201511010698.6, 201610101106.X, 2015110404. X, 201310064661.6, 201610992876.8 and the like are all single woods or artificial woods (ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis, huashansong, cortex Phellodendri, hickory, birch, tea garden, citrus, bamboo forest, chestnut and the like), and the medicines used for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests are different from the present invention in terms of altitude, canopy thickness, gradient and insect pests. Patent No. 201210126732.6, title of invention: the technology introduces two planting modes of interplanting under the multi-bud insect egg forest and shading in open field, wherein the shading degree of Lin Yinde is 70-75%, then the shading degree is kept at 60-65% with pruning and felling, and the soil sterilization adopts 70% of dixone and 50% of carbendazim mixed atomization spraying; application number 201510766884.6, title of invention: the ecological large-scale planting method of paris polyphylla includes selecting growing area, sorting, reasonable close planting, water and fertilizer management, etc. to plant paris polyphylla, and painting carbendazim or plant ash or ultraviolet ray to disinfect the wound tuber; application number 201511010345.6, title of invention: the method solves the problem of wild-like planting paris polyphylla under the Yunnan Gui Mulian tree, wherein the technology of spreading sunshade net, topdressing, pest control and the like is described; application number 201610632916.8, title of invention: the original ecological large-scale planting method of paris polyphylla, which details the planting method of paris polyphylla in terms of selecting planting land, artificially planting forest land, turning over the soil, preparing land, planting paris polyphylla, managing in seedling stage, irrigating and fertilizing, weeding, picking bud, reserving seed, harvesting and the like, but the altitude of the method is selected to be 2000-2500 m, annual precipitation is more than 800mm, the annual precipitation is not limited, in fact, the higher the annual precipitation is, the growth of paris polyphylla is unfavorable, the paris polyphylla is a shallow root system medicinal plant, the root system is undeveloped, the water demand is not high, and excessive rainwater is easy to cause root rot of paris polyphylla; application number 201710306522.8, patent name: a method for planting paris polyphylla under wild-like forest, wherein the forest land is pine forest land instead of the needle-broad hybrid forest of the invention, the cutting treatment of paris polyphylla tuber adopts arborvitae She Tanfen, and the lime treatment is surface scattering.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects existing in the prior art are as follows: the existing rhizoma paridis cultivation method cannot effectively prevent and treat diseases and insect pests, is unfavorable for the growth of rhizoma paridis, and has serious root rot phenomenon.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a paris polyphylla wild-imitating cultivation method and paris polyphylla wild-imitating cultivation equipment. The wild-simulated cultivation method is mainly used for the wild-simulated cultivation of the paris polyphylla in the karst mountain area.
The invention is realized in such a way that the paris polyphylla wild-like cultivation method comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting slope forest lands with thicker humus layers under needle-broad hybrid forests with the altitude of 800-2000m, the annual rainfall of 800-1500mm and the canopy density of 0.2-0.7;
spraying quick lime and spraying mixed pesticide A after removing small bushes and weeds on a forest land, repeatedly rotary tillage the humus layer by using a rotary cultivator until the humus layer is completely dispersed, ridging, covering the forest land by using a black plastic film for 3-5 months, and removing the plastic film;
step three, selecting 3-year-old healthy and strong paris polyphylla seedlings, soaking the seedlings in the mixed pesticide B for 10-20min, and then directionally transplanting the seedlings; topdressing management is carried out after 4 months, 6 months, 8 months and 10 months of cultivation and weeding after transplanting.
In the first step, the ratio of broadleaf fallen trees in the needle-broad hybrid forest is more than or equal to 60%.
Further, the slope forest land with the thicker humus layer is a slope forest land with the thickness of the humus layer being more than or equal to 40cm and the gradient being less than or equal to 20.
In the second step, the dosage of the quicklime is 20-40 kg/mu.
In the second step, the mixed pesticide A is phoxim and osthole according to 40-60 per mu: 150-200.
Further, in the third step, the mixed pesticide B is: 200-300 times of 50% amitraz wettable powder, 300-500 times of 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder, 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 500-600 times of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder.
Further, the paris polyphylla wild-like cultivation method further comprises the following steps: picking the top of paris polyphylla after the paris polyphylla is about to fruiting in the first 2 years after transplanting, and harvesting seeds again for sale from the third year; the rhizome bud heads of the paris polyphylla can be externally cut by 2-3cm in the fifth year after transplanting, the bud heads continue to grow in a planting way, and the rest parts are sold as medicinal materials.
Further, the cutting includes: the bud head section is immediately wrapped by plant ash after being sprayed by the mixed pesticide B.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a wild-like cultivation apparatus for paris polyphylla as in the implementation of the wild-like cultivation method for paris polyphylla.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the invention combines the unique advantages of great elevation drop in Guizhou province, more land features in typical karst mountain areas, extremely abundant humus layers, vertical climate distribution and the like, provides a technology for simulating wild cultivation of paris polyphylla, provides pretreatment of soil by mixed pesticide A and pretreatment of seedlings by mixed pesticide B according to the condition of plant diseases and insect pests of the humus layers, furthest controls and prevents the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests of the simulated wild cultivation, effectively utilizes idle land under the forest, forms a better economic development mode under the forest, and has important significance for promoting income increase of peasants and promoting economic development under the forest.
According to the invention, the temperature of the ridge is increased through the black plastic film mulching, the insecticidal and bactericidal effects are enhanced by matching with the mixed pesticide A, germs and ova in the soil are thoroughly removed, meanwhile, the weed and the pest are further removed through the quicklime and the high temperature of the black ground, and the method has an excellent inactivating effect on grass seeds left in the soil.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following description will briefly explain the drawings needed in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for imitating wild cultivation of paris polyphylla provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a method for imitating wild cultivation of paris polyphylla, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the wild-like cultivation method of Paris polyphylla in karst mountain area provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, selecting a slope forest land with a thicker humus layer under a needle-broad hybrid forest, wherein the elevation is 800-2000m, the annual rainfall is 800-1500mm and the canopy density is 0.2-0.7;
s102, spraying quick lime and spraying mixed pesticide A after removing small bushes and weeds on a forest land, repeatedly rotary tillage of a humus layer by using a rotary cultivator until the humus layer is completely dispersed, ridging, covering by using a black plastic film for 3-5 months, and removing the plastic film;
s103, selecting 3-year-old healthy and strong paris polyphylla seedlings, soaking the seedlings in the mixed pesticide B for 10-20min, and then directionally transplanting the seedlings; topdressing management after 4 months, 6 months, 8 months and 10 months of cultivation and weeding after transplanting;
s104, picking the top end of the paris polyphylla for the first 2 years after transplanting when the paris polyphylla is about to come to a result, and harvesting seeds again for sale from the third year; the rhizome bud heads of the paris polyphylla can be externally cut by 2-3cm in the fifth year after transplanting, the bud heads continue to grow in a planting way, and the rest parts are sold as medicinal materials.
In step S101, the proportion of broadleaf fallen trees in the needle-broad hybrid forest provided by the embodiment of the invention is greater than or equal to 60%.
The slope forest land with the thicker humus layer provided by the embodiment of the invention is a slope forest land with the thickness of the humus layer being more than or equal to 40cm and the gradient being less than or equal to 20.
In step S102, the dosage of the quicklime provided by the embodiment of the invention is 20-40 kg/mu.
In step S102, the mixed pesticide A provided by the embodiment of the invention is phoxim and osthole according to 40-60 per mu: 150-200.
In step S103, the mixed pesticide B provided in the embodiment of the present invention is: 200-300 times of 50% amitraz wettable powder, 300-500 times of 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder, 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 500-600 times of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder.
The cutting provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: the bud head section is immediately wrapped by plant ash after being sprayed by the mixed pesticide B.
The technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
a wild-imitating cultivation technique for Paris polyphylla in karst mountain area comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) selecting a mixed forest containing Fagaceae and Pinaceae with an altitude of 800m, a annual rainfall of 1500mm and a canopy density of 0.7, wherein the Fagaceae stand accounts for 70%, the thickness of a humic layer below the forest is greater than 50cm, and the gradient of a planting land is 5. -10..
(2) After removing the small bushes and weeds in the forest land, spraying 30kg of quicklime on the humus layer, spraying mixed solution of phoxim (60 ml/mu) and osthole (150 ml/mu), repeatedly rotary tillage the humus layer by using a rotary cultivator until the humus layer is completely dispersed, ridging, rotary tillage depth is not higher than 50cm, covering for 5 months by using a black plastic film, and removing the plastic film.
(3) Selecting 3-year-old rhizoma paridis seedlings, soaking the seedlings in a mixed solution of 50% of ambam wettable powder (200 times), 72% of agricultural streptomycin soluble powder (300 times), 50% of carbendazim wettable powder (500 times) and 50% of thiophanate methyl wettable powder (500 times) for 20min, and then directionally transplanting;
(4) Weeding is carried out every year after transplanting, surface soil is properly turned, roots are not damaged, the top is removed when paris polyphylla is about to come to a result in the first 2 years, and seeds are harvested and sold again from the third year;
(5) The rhizome bud heads of the paris polyphylla can be subjected to external cutting by 2-3cm in fifth year after transplanting, the bud heads continue to grow in a planting way, and the rest part of the bud heads are sold as medicinal materials, wherein the bud head section is immediately wrapped by plant ash after being sprayed by mixed liquid of 50% of amitraz wettable powder (200 times), 72% of agricultural streptomycin soluble powder (300 times), 50% of carbendazim wettable powder (500 times) and 50% of thiophanate methyl wettable powder (500 times).
Example 2:
a wild-like cultivation technique for Paris polyphylla in karst mountain area.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme:
(1) Slope forest lands with the elevation of 800-2000m, the annual rainfall of 800-1500mm and the canopy density of 0.2-0.7 and thicker humus layers under the needle-broad hybrid forests are selected.
(2) Spraying quick lime and spraying mixed pesticide A after removing small bushes and weeds on a forest land, repeatedly rotary tillage the humus layer by using a rotary cultivator until the humus layer is completely dispersed, ridging, covering by using a black plastic film for 3-5 months, and removing the plastic film.
(3) Selecting 3-year-old strong paris polyphylla seedlings, soaking the seedlings in the mixed pesticide B for 10-20min, and then directionally transplanting the seedlings;
(4) 4 months, 6 months, 8 months and 10 months after transplanting, top ends are removed after paris polyphylla is about to come to a result in 2 years after topdressing management after cultivation and weeding, and seed harvesting and sales are started from the third year;
(5) And (3) in the fifth year after transplanting, the rhizome bud heads of the paris polyphylla can be subjected to external cutting by 2-3cm, the bud heads continue to grow in a planting way, and the rest parts are sold as medicinal materials, wherein the bud head cut surfaces are immediately wrapped by plant ash after being sprayed by the mixed pesticide B in the step (3).
The proportion of the broad-leaved hybrid forest is more than or equal to 60 percent.
The thicker humic layer means that the thickness of the humic layer is more than or equal to 40cm.
The slope woodland is characterized in that the gradient is less than or equal to 20. Is used for hillside fields.
The dosage of the quicklime is 20-40 kg/mu.
The mixed pesticide A is mixed liquid of phoxim (40-60 ml/mu) and osthole (150-200 ml/mu).
The black mulching film has the functions of increasing the temperature of ridges through the mulching of the black mulching film, strengthening the insecticidal and bactericidal effects by matching with the mixed pesticide A, thoroughly eliminating germs and ova in soil, and simultaneously further clearing away weeds and pests through the quicklime and the high temperature of the black ground, and has excellent inactivating effect on grass seeds left in the soil.
The mixed pesticide B is a mixed solution of 50% of amicarbam wettable powder (200-300 times), 72% of agricultural streptomycin soluble powder (300-500 times), 50% of carbendazim wettable powder (500 times) and 50% of thiophanate methyl wettable powder (500-600 times).
Unlike the prior art, the present application:
patent No. 201210126732.6, title of invention: the technology introduces two planting modes of interplanting under the multi-bud insect egg forest and shading in open field, wherein the shading degree of Lin Yinde is 70-75%, then the shading degree is kept at 60-65% with pruning and felling, and the soil sterilization adopts 70% of dixone and 50% of carbendazim mixed atomization spraying;
application number 201510766884.6, title of invention: the invention relates to an original ecological large-scale planting method of paris polyphylla, which is characterized in that paris polyphylla is planted through selecting a growing area, finishing, reasonably close planting, water and fertilizer management and the like, wherein carbendazim or plant ash or ultraviolet disinfection is smeared on tubers with wounds, and the method is different from the method for treating the wounds by adopting mixed liquid of 50% of mancozeb wettable powder (200-300 times), 72% of agricultural streptomycin soluble powder (300-500 times), 50% of carbendazim wettable powder (500 times) and 50% of thiophanate methyl wettable powder (500-600 times);
application number 201511010345.6, title of invention: the method solves the problem that the wild-like paris polyphylla is planted under the Yunnan Gui Mulian tree, wherein the technology of covering a sunshade net, topdressing, pest control and the like is described, the wild-like planting is selected by the natural needle-broad hybrid forest, the sunshade net treatment is not needed, and as the forest land with better humus is selected, the base fertilizer is not needed to be additionally applied, the pest control aspect adopts a method for preventing and mainly treating the humus and seedlings of the forest land, and the mixed pesticides are different;
application number 201610632916.8, title of invention: the original ecological large-scale planting method of the paris polyphylla is detailed in the aspects of selecting planting fields, artificially planting forest lands, turning over, preparing the lands, planting the paris polyphylla, managing in seedling period, irrigating and fertilizing, weeding, picking buds, reserving seeds, harvesting and the like, but the method has the altitude of 2000-2500 m, annual precipitation of more than 800mm, has no limit on annual precipitation, in fact, the higher the annual precipitation is, the adverse growth of the paris polyphylla is, the paris polyphylla is not subjected to shallow root system medicinal plants, the root system is undeveloped, the water demand is not high, excessive rainwater is easy to cause root rot of the paris polyphylla, and the method selects slope forest lands with thicker humus layer under the needle-broad mixing forest with 800-2000m, annual precipitation of 800-1500mm and depression of 0.2-0.7, limits the altitude, depression and forest stand conditions, and is more favorable for the growth of the paris polyphylla;
application number 201710306522.8, patent name: a method for planting paris polyphylla under a simulated wild forest, wherein the forest land is a pine forest land instead of the needle-broad mixed forest of the invention, the cutting treatment of paris polyphylla tubers adopts arborvitae twig carbon powder instead of the mixed pesticide B of the invention, the lime treatment is surface sprinkling, instead of the invention, quick lime sprinkling and mixed pesticide A spraying are followed by repeated rotary tillage of a humus layer by a rotary cultivator until the humus layer is completely dispersed.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The paris polyphylla wild-imitating cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, selecting a humus layer slope forest land under a needle-wide hybrid forest;
spraying quick lime and spraying mixed pesticide A after removing small bushes and weeds on a forest land, repeatedly rotary tillage the humus layer by using a rotary cultivator until the humus layer is completely dispersed, ridging, covering the forest land by using a black plastic film for 3-5 months, and removing the plastic film; the dosage of the quicklime is 20-40 kg/mu; the mixed pesticide A is composed of phoxim and osthole according to 40-60mL per mu: mixing 150-200 mL;
step three, selecting 3-year-old healthy and strong paris polyphylla seedlings, soaking the seedlings in the mixed pesticide B for 10-20min, and then directionally transplanting the seedlings; topdressing management after 4 months, 6 months, 8 months and 10 months of cultivation and weeding after transplanting; the mixed pesticide B is as follows: 200-300 times of 50% amitraz wettable powder, 300-500 times of 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder, 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 500-600 times of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder;
step one, selecting a slope forest land with an altitude of 800-2000m, annual rainfall of 800-1500mm and a canopy density of 0.2-0.7; the needle wide hybrid forest is a hybrid forest containing Fagaceae and Pinaceae, wherein Fagaceae stand accounts for 70%;
in the first step, the slope forest land with the humus layer thickness being more than or equal to 40cm and the gradient being less than or equal to 20 is a slope forest land;
picking the top of paris polyphylla after the first 2 years after transplanting, and harvesting seeds again for sale from the third year; cutting the rhizome bud heads of rhizoma paridis by 2-3cm in the fifth year after transplanting, continuing planting and growing the bud heads, and selling the rest part as medicinal materials; the cutting includes: the bud head section is immediately wrapped by plant ash after being sprayed by the mixed pesticide B.
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| CN202110083146.7A CN112913608B (en) | 2021-01-21 | 2021-01-21 | Paris polyphylla wild-imitating cultivation method and Paris polyphylla wild-imitating cultivation equipment |
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